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Journal articles on the topic "Community participation":
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Daley, John Michael, and Flavio Francisco Marsiglia. "Community Participation." Journal of Community Practice 8, no. 1 (September 11, 2000): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j125v08n01_04.
Malaria prevention and control programs in Zimbabwe have been hampered by low levels of cooperation by local communities. The study sought to assess the impact of community participation on cooperation in malaria prevention and control programs in Binga, Gokwe and Kariba districts in Zimbabwe. This study is aimed at synthesizing, comparing and contrasting data from these three districts which are, arguably, the most prone to malaria in the country. An intensive and extensive review of related literature was done on the impact of community participation on cooperation in malaria prevention and control. The literature reviewed was focusing on three districts in the country, namely, Binga, Gokwe and Kariba. Typologies of participation were used for the measurement of levels of participation, while analysis was descriptive. Findings revealed that the levels of participation in malaria prevention and control programs in Binga and Gokwe were low, but high in Kariba. The findings from Kariba showed that where the level of community participation was high, cooperation in malaria prevention programs by communities was also high. This study demonstrates the importance of community participation for the success of the malaria prevention and control programs. Although community participation was also very low in Binga and Gokwe malaria prevention and control programs, in Kariba, the program by Save the Children Fund (UK) showed high levels of participation which might have contributed to the high levels of cooperation by community members. Another important issue to emerge from the study is the effectiveness of environmental management methods of vector control, because they are community-based, hence, the success of the Save the Children Fund (UK) program in Binga and Kariba districts. The study revealed that community participation at higher levels on the participation typologies contributes in a significant way to cooperative behavior by community members in malaria prevention and control programs. This is significant, since it improves the effectiveness of malaria control programs. Recommendations made include increased community participation in malaria prevention and control programs to enhance cooperation and educational programs on causes, prevention and treatment of malaria. Keywords: community participation, malaria prevention, malaria control, cooperation. JEL Classification: I12, I18, I14
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Wargadinata, Ella Lesmanawaty. "ASSESSING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION." International Journal of Kybernology 3, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33701/ijok.v3i1.581.
Since 2007 Government of Indonesia implementing mass National Community Empowerment Program, well-known as PNPM which is reaches thirty three provinces. This program has become an important development program for national as well as local and regional level across Indonesia. The program using bottom up approaches since it implemented based on fostering local community participation; strengthening local community organization with the ultimate goals is to reduce poverty at local level. The regulation and technical guidance affirmed by ministry and it is running by local community organization. The study goes to examine the research findings that the Indonesia CDD’s program is effective to enhance local participation. It also examines the extent to which research findings used to increase higher public participation on this project since the program focus on small scale infrastructure and mostly it has taken up uniform activity of the program agenda all over the countries. The program basically focus on building basic need infrastructure projects, such as, piping drinking water project, paving small roads at rural or paving narrow ‘labyrinth’ at dense urban area. However, hardly to find innovation program from the local governments since they have no adopted anything remotely near the ‘National Package’. Moreover, the quality of participation is still questionable. This study concludes with a discussion of the limits to evaluation and recommend stragies for promoting forther practice and methods of The Urban-Poverty Project public participation evaluation. Based on the literature study, this paper try to give contribution on an understanding of the successful of project implementation, in turn could be used to formulate future public partcipation project.
Keywords: Empowerment, Poverty Reduction, Local Participation, Community Driven Development
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Yoshihama, Mieko, and E. Summerson Carr. "Community Participation Reconsidered." Journal of Community Practice 10, no. 4 (December 2002): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j125v10n04_06.
Gumede, Thembinkosi, and Antonia Nzama. "Enhancing Community Participation in Ecotourism through a Local Community Participation Improvement Model." December 2020, no. 9(5) (December 31, 2020): 1252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-81.
This study aimed to explore the model that can be used to improve local community participation in ecotourism development processes. The study was conducted at the communities adjoining the Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A mixed methods design was adopted by the study during collection and analysis of data. A total of 384 respondents were sampled through convenience sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect data through face-to-face surveys. The study found that local communities had not been actively participating in ecotourism development processes, especially those undertaken within the rural setting as a result of different socio-economic factors including lacking necessary skills. This study asserts that this gap could be mitigated through implementation of local community participation improvement model (LCPIM) based on its potential for influencing enactment and/or amendment of policies on ecotourism development
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Sharp, David. "Structure for community participation." Journal of Urban Health 80, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00022307.
Velezis, Marti James, and Yohannes Endeshaw. "Learning through Community Participation." Academic Medicine 76, no. 2 (February 2001): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200102000-00024.
To perform well and persist at universities, students need to feel socially and academically integrated. Many universities have instituted learning communities to promote both types of involvement. I explore whether participants in learning communities develop a greater sense of community in the classroom and the university than non-participants. My sample consists of 273 first year students in 31 small seminar classes in a variety of disciplines. My comparison group is 73 first-year students taking introductory sociology courses. I also control for the effects of race, gender, family income, residence type and course subject. This study represents one of the many ways that sociology can contribute to the understanding of college student behavior
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Pitman, Sheryn Dee. "Community participation in environmental rehabilitation /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envp685.pdf.
The involvement of communities with wildlife is increasing on a global scale. Participatory approaches differ across the world, from natural resource management, environmental quality monitoring, to species and habitat data gathered through citizen science programmes. The personal and community benefits of engaging with nature are acknowledged through ongoing research, particularly in terms of health and wellbeing, yet simultaneously people are becoming increasingly distanced from nature due to factors such as urbanisation. In order to maximise the benefits associated with participatory initiatives, it is important to engage with a cross section of societal groups, providing opportunities for all, at the same time as collecting wildlife data from all habitats. In this study, I confirm that participation in citizen science can achieve social and potentially community-level benefits on national, local and individual scales. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews, I found that conservation organisations strive to engage with a cross section of societal groups. However, postcode analysis of current wildlife recording scheme participants confirmed that socioeconomically deprived communities are under-represented in these activities. I designed a simple garden wildlife study in a socioeconomically deprived community to investigate the reasons behind this, and found that although a proportion of residents were motivated to participate, the majority had not done so in the past, which was largely attributed to a lack of awareness of opportunities. Despite this, many of these participants shared the same motivations for participation as those currently engaged. Working with a small group of community volunteers, I used semi-structured interviews to reveal that participation in an ecological study can bring about positive personal benefits with the potential to lead on to wider positive outcomes in the future. A significant factor in these transformative effects appeared to be the role of activity practitioners in supporting future participation. Alongside this investigation, a study of habitat use by hedgehogs in an urban setting, current garden management, and resources in the wider area appeared to have a positive effect upon hedgehogs. Throughout all participants in this study, motivations for involvement were centred on contributing to a local study, an interest in the focal wildlife species/taxa, helping conservation and learning. Gardening for wildlife was a popular activity, with many participants reporting both an active encouragement of wildlife into the garden, and a desire to learn more about this topic. This thesis demonstrates how traditional environmental activities are not successfully engaging with people from socioeconomically deprived communities. There are likely to be many factors associated with this, but from the findings of this research, some recommendations can be made to improve future participatory approaches as well as building upon the positive effects of working with community volunteers.
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Jewkes, Rachel Katherine. "Meanings of 'community' in community participation in health promotion." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/meanings-of-community-in-community-participation-in-health-promotion(b6de367c-b093-4d06-a81b-42bb9746d344).html.
Galewski, Nancy. "Campesino community participation in watershed management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34753.
A series of threats face campesino communities' water management practices in the Callejón de Huaylas (upper region of the Santa Watershed). Competition for water resources is escalating due to increasing demand, decreasing supply, and a rise in contamination levels, leaving campesino communities in a precarious state as a result of their marginalized position in Peruvian society. Competition for water resources occurs between upstream and downstream users and amongst sectors including mining, agriculture, hydropower, and domestic water users. The national government recently passed an integrated water resource management system to improve water governance. However, bureaucratic tendencies make it unlikely that campesinos will receive an adequate share of resources.
Campesino communities in the Callejón need to adopt new strategies to improve their position vis á-vis other sectors and resist capture of resources. Campesinos are important to the discussion of water resource management because they have long established systems of self-regulated management and need to be included in the new system of watershed governance. This research first examines local water management strategies and integrated water management through four characteristics: 1) how is water framed, 2) is decision-making participatory, 3) is water management appropriate to the local and regional level, and 4) is it possible to monitor activity and impose consequences for unauthorized water usage. Interviews with campesino community members and leaders, local officials, regional representatives, and non-governmental organizations found opportunities to collaborate between groups and transfer some management responsibilities to a more regional watershed scale. Second, this research examines the opportunities and barriers to scaling up traditional management practices to meet regional needs while ensuring local water availability. Scaling decision-making is imperative for successful integrated water management and will allow campesino communities to continue to manage their water to meet local needs. Shifting the decision-making scale may facilitate more effective watershed governance with campesino community participation.
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Scofield, Joseph. "British churches, participation and community development." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548098.
In the British welfare sector, the role of religious groups in offering faith based welfare provision is substantial and addresses a wide variety of needs. Such action is not confined to the Christian faith, since other religious faiths generate welfare initiatives of their own. Nor is faith motivated welfare provision restricted to meeting basic human needs, as it can include efforts to build community relations and also encompasses community development approaches that support citizens to come together to create self-help projects. In fact the latter themes sometimes appear linked in social policy where community development is seen as a way of generating cohesive and cooperative communities, particularly in areas where there are ethnic divides to be bridged (Pearmain and Hatamian 2011: 1-2). This thesis focusses on one aspect of faith involvement in the welfare sector. It investigates whether British churches can adopt a community development approach, and in so doing, produce the positive outcomes that are associated with community participation neighbourhood regeneration. In this chapter I show how that topic has become pertinent to today’s welfare climate and the community development profession. I introduce a number of research questions that must be answered in order to argue that churches can embrace a community development approach, and outline how these questions are addressed in my literature reviews and case studies of churches in the chapters that follow.
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Dube, Nobayethi. "Evaluating community participation in development projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2139.
Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. Community participation is a concept that is frequently mentioned in community development. Practitioners in development believe that in order for projects to succeed, communities need to actively take part in designing, implementing and shaping the projects that affect them. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate community participation by measuring quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation. It is important to note that there are no universal indicators of participation. The thesis presents three projects as case studies. In order to measure participation in the three cases, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation of Oakley et al. are reviewed. The indicators are applied across all three cases and the analysis indicates whether they were high, low or absent. It is also important to note that to measure participation effectively requires one to spend lengthy periods at the project site and this proved to be a challenge, as will be shown in the thesis. The thesis also demonstrates that to a large extent community participation is contextual. Of the three projects, two were rural projects and one an urban project. The two rural projects, Mongoaneng Development Forum and TsweloPele Women‟s Co-operative, were initiated by members of the community and aimed at addressing issues of poverty. The urban project, Motherwell Youth Development Forum, was specifically targeting young people with the aim of providing them with skills. Key findings include the fact that each of the cases was highly diverse, and furthermore, when measuring these cases, a common thread was that not all participation indicators were present at any given stage. Another key finding is that co-operation amongst project members tends to yield positive results and the reverse yields negative results. Another finding relates to the sustainability of the projects, pointing to the fact that even though two of the cases were doing well, their sustainability was questionable.
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Jeffrey, Barbara. "Community participation in decentralising local government." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7227/.
This thesis examines recent experiments with participatory democracy in the context of decentralised local government. It charts the evolution in attitudes to the role of the generality of citizens in their own government, from commentators who were convinced that stability depended upon their apathy, to the current belief that mass involvement will save local democracy from deteriorating further into crisis. From the literature it is apparent that various authorities have pursued decentralisation initiatives for very different, sometimes conflicting reasons, not all concerned with democratisation. These have frequently been only vaguely articulated and then half-heartedly implemented. Where democratisation has actually been attempted and has included a participatory element, it is the particular contention here that there has been a mismatch between the structures adopted and the objectives to be achieved such that the community participants involved are prevented from playing the role envisaged for them. Furthermore, it is argued that a belief that the emergent participants are non political overlooks their true party affiliations; consequently there has been a failure to introduce sufficient safeguards to ensure true accountability to the constituents for whom they are intended to speak. The case studies on which the research is based are drawn from Scotland where there is an existing grassroots network of community councils which might have formed the building block for any new structures of involvement. Two quite contrasting models are examined, one primarily intended to improve the council's responsiveness to local needs and aspirations in regard to provision of public services, and one intended to offset disadvantage through empowerment. These are evaluated in the light of the above hypotheses and alternative models are evolved better suited to achieving the council's apparent aims. Finally lessons are drawn in relation to their effectiveness or otherwise as examples of new forms of participatory democracy which would have a potential to lower the barriers to involvement by those who currently choose, or are forced, to remain excluded from our present representative forms of democracy.
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Free, Pamela J. Smith. "Exploring Community Participation in Sustainable Williamson." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1449057566.
Leksakundilok, Anucha. "Community Participation in Ecotourism Development in Thailand." University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/668.
Ecotourism emerged as an alternative form of tourism in the 1990s to mitigate the faults of conventional (mass) tourism in meeting the needs of sustainable development. It has since become widespread in Thailand and is adopted not only in natural areas but also in rural communities. Key elements of ecotourism include a focus on ecological resources, sustainable management, environmental education, and community participation. Community participation receives a high degree of consideration among developers in Thailand. Ecotourism (ET) is seen to support this concept and is increasingly geared in the direction of social development. These trends form the backdrop to this study on community participation in ecotourism development. The study applies a triangulation methodology to collect data by combining both qualitative and quantitative methods, combining theory and empirical study to analyse the context of how local people have participated in ecotourism development. The study pays particular attention to the practices and opinions of local people in recognition of communities' rights and responsibilities in controlling their own development. The empirical study was carried out at two levels, including a general survey by postal questionnaire (thirty-one respondents) and in-depth study in four areas (Umphang, Khiriwong, Sasom and Tha Madua). The research merges theory and practice into an analysis and empirical presentation throughout the study. Theoretically, the thesis is informed by political economy and political ecology approaches, together with the concept of participation in community development and tourism development models. The research found that many communities achieve a degree of self-management in offering tourism services such as homestays, guided tours, cultural performances and cultural products. Community ecotourism organisations have been established in most communities in order to serve these new activities and to create a collective management process. Similarities in pattern and differentiation in practices among many communities were supported by different outside initiatives, developed according to similar aims and involving similar processes, but there is no uniformity or single model that is effectively applied to all communities. One significant barrier for local communities to take a major role in ecotourism is the access to ecotourism resources, which are mostly located in protected areas and are controlled by state agencies. This has led them to promote primarily their own cultural resources. Consequently, these practical changes have led to a transformation of the dominant development concept from Ecotourism (ET) to Community-based Ecotourism (CBET). Results also show that most practices involve a level of cooperation in decision-making and action with other stakeholders who are in a better position to run tourism businesses. It is difficult for local communities to be empowered to control the whole situation, which is sometimes claimed to be the ultimate goal level of local participation. The demands of marketing and conflict in management among local people, together with the limitations in accessing natural resources, are the weakest points of and constraints on the communities. To deal with these limitations, communities try to create relationships with outsiders. To develop better management of community tourism, many communities rely on help and support from outside, especially from government agencies. This, however, impels the community to become dependent on outsiders. It is also hard for communities to generate a high level of income offering basic services, since there are many levels of demand from different types of ecotourists. In summary, the main contributions of this study are: an understanding of community tourism in Thailand; the experiences of ecotourism development in the community from the leading case studies; directions, roles and responsibilities of actors and community organisations in particular; a range of options for community action in support of a more participatory process in ecotourism development. Last but not least is a set of recommendations for community-based ecotourism development from the level of policy application to practical improvement at the community level.
Ngwisha, John K. Study on community participation. Lusaka, Zambia: Republic of Zambia, Ministry of Education, Zambia Education Rehabilitation Project, 1995.
Clark, Julie, and Nicholas Wise, eds. Urban Renewal, Community and Participation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72311-2.
Book chapters on the topic "Community participation":
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Rowland, Donald T. "Community Participation." In Population Aging, 105–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4050-1_7.
Lachapelle, Paul R., and Eric K. Austin. "Community Participation." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1073–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_471.
Blechman, Frank, Cliff Davidson, and William Kelly. "Community Participation." In Engineering for Sustainable Communities, 179–200. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414811.ch13.
Cameron, W. S. K. “Scott.” "Community Participation." In The Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics, 752–66. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315768090-74.
Tsai, Hsien-Tung, Heng-Chiang Huang, and Wen-Kuo Chen. "Brand Community Participation." In Proceedings of the 2009 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10864-3_57.
Thomas, P. L. "Writing Community." In Politics, Participation & Power Relations, 153–68. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-743-1_10.
Shackel, Paul A. "Stakeholders and Community Participation." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 10194–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_389.
Hewitt, Amy S., Kristin Hamre, Kelly Nye-Lengerman, Jennifer Hall-Lande, and Libby Hallas-Muchow. "Community Living and Participation." In Evidence-Based Practices in Behavioral Health, 891–905. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26583-4_34.
Christens, Brian D., and Paula Tran Inzeo. "Participation in Community Organizing." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 4633–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4151.
Conference papers on the topic "Community participation":
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Farhana and Siti Miskiah. "Community Participation in Preventing Child Trafficking." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.057.
Rahim, Rabiah Eladwiah Abdul, Nor'ashikin Ali, and Juraifa Jais. "Cultural determinants of research community participation." In 2017 5th International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems (ICRIIS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icriis.2017.8002500.
Tausczik, Yla R., and James W. Pennebaker. "Participation in an online mathematics community." In the ACM 2012 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145237.
Knatz, Carrie L., John M. Price, and Marsi A. Steirer. "Large Pipeline Installation with Community Participation." In Pipeline Division Specialty Conference 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40800(180)58.
Taylor, Nick. "Supporting Community Participation in Interactive Exhibits." In PerDis '14: The International Symposium on Pervasive Displays. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2611009.2611031.
Zou, Ju-Mei, and Jian-Ping Zhang. "Participation Research of Virtual Learning Community." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmit-16.2016.53.
Zubir, S. S., and H. Amirrol. "Disaster risk reduction through community participation." In RAVAGE OF THE PLANET III. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rav110191.
Efstathiou, E. C., P. A. Frangoudis, and G. C. Polyzos. "Stimulating Participation in Wireless Community Networks." In Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocom.2006.320.
Fatoni, Syamsul, Dewi Muti’ah, and Dodik Pranata Wijaya. "Community Participation in Tackling Domestic Violence." In 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201014.147.
Brown, Jeffrey, Zoran Ivkovich, Paul Smith, and Scott Weisbenner. Neighbors Matter: Causal Community Effects and Stock Market Participation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13168.
Baker, Charles, Herbert Berk, Martin Greenwald, Michael E. Mauel, Farrokh Najmabadi, William M. Nevins, Ronald Stambaugh, et al. Planning for U.S. Fusion Community Participation in the ITER Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1273504.
Iroz-Elardo, Nicole. Participation, Information, Values, and Community Interests Within Health Impact Assessments. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1845.
Sixsmith, Judith, Deborah Menezes, Marianne Cranwell, Isaac Chau, Mark Smith, Susan Levy, Pat Scrutton, and Mei Lan Fang. Age-Friendly Ecosystems for Community Participation: A Rapid Realist Review. University of Dundee, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001217.
E., Mairena, Lorio G., Hernández X., Wilson C., Müller P., and Larson A.M. Gender and forests in Nicaragua’s autonomous regions: Community participation. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004049.
Betancourt, Nicole, and Christine Wolff-Eisenberg. Surveying Community College Students: Strategies for Maximizing Engagement and Increasing Participation. Ithaka S+R, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18665/sr.312046.
Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Power, politics, and performance: community participation in South African public works programs. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/0896291472rr143.
Terry, Rachel. The Influence of Sense of Community on the Relationship Between Community Participation and Recovery for Individuals with Serious Mental Illnesses. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5563.
Gupte, Jaideep, Louise Clark, Debjani Ghosh, Sarath Babu, Priyanka Mehra, Asif Raza, Vaibhav Sharma, et al. Embedding Community Voice into Smart City Spatial Planning. Institute of Development Studies, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.005.
Public participation in spatial planning is a vital means to successful policymaking and can be enhanced by combining geospatial methods with participatory learning and action. Based on a pilot study in Bhopal, India involving urban authorities, civil society organisations and experts in an informal settlement during Covid-19 lockdowns, we find that the obstacles to sustaining public participation are not technological, but arise from a lack of awareness of the added value of ‘second order solutions’. We outline key approaches that emphasise short-term, feasible, and low-cost ways to embed community voice into participatory spatial planning.
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Stair, Charissa. Using Brownfields to Think Green: Investigating Factors that Influence Community Decision-Making and Participation. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.584.
