Academic literature on the topic 'Community life Citizen participation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Community life Citizen participation"
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Marinković, Marija. "MECHANISMS OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THE NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA." Facta Universitatis, Series: Law and Politics, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fulp2102135m.
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A prerequisite for the development of the local community are different forms of citizen participation in achieving goals of interest to the local community and meeting their personal needs at the local level. Citizens can participate in the local community activities directly or indirectly. The direct participation in local life is exercised on the basis of strictly formal legal framework, including civic initiative, referendum, and citizens' assembly. The quality of the relationship between the local community and the citizens largely determines the degree of citizens’ indirect participation in political life. This paper will address the mechanisms of citizen participation at the local level, with specific reference to public debate and public hearings as mechanisms enabling citizens to participate in local decision-making processes, draw attention to problems and difficulties, and insist on the obligation of local self-government bodies to transparently implement some procedures envisaged in the 2018 amendments to the Local Self-Government Act. The paper also elaborates on other forms of citizen participation, such as consultations, information requests, petitions, surveys, and other available forms of citizen participation in public life.
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Shin, Hye Ri, Sejin Kim, and Sun Hee Lee. "A Study on the Effectiveness of using Senior Citizen Center in the Late-stage Elderly." Korea Gerontological Society 42, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 585–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.31888/jkgs.2022.42.3.585.
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This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of use according to the purpose of establishing a senior citizen center, focusing on the late elderly aged 75 or older. To this end, the effectiveness of using senior citizen centers was evaluated by dividing into social participation-leisure-cultural satisfaction, friend and community satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction. The difference in differences(DID) analysis was conducted using the 2008 and 2020 National Survey of Older Persons. As a result, it was found that the overall level of satisfaction with social participation-leisure-cultural satisfaction, friend and community satisfaction of the late elderly decreased over time, but the level of decline of the use group of senior citizen center decreased somewhat. In addition, it was confirmed that the level of overall life satisfaction increased over time, and the level of increase in the group using senior citizens center increased more steeply. Based on these results, this study presented policy suggestions such as preparing countermeasures for sustainable operation, multifunctionalizing a role of senior citizen center, and improving the use environment in relation to the revitalization of senior citizens.
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А.Н., Добров,. "PROBLEMS OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY POLICING." VESTNIK OF THE EAST SIBERIAN INSTITUTE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, no. 4(103) (December 26, 2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2312-3184.2022.50.63.006.
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Введение: в статье рассматриваются проблемы привлечения граждан к участию в охране общественного порядка: – несовершенство мер социального обеспечения и материального стимулирования лиц, принимающих участие в охране общественного порядка, в частности народных дружинников; недостаточное материально-техническое обеспечение деятельности народных дружин; – проблемы, связанные с привлечением граждан в народные дружины; – низкая мотивация у граждан в оказании помощи и содействия органам внутренних дел в охране общественного порядка и общественной безопасности; – проблемы закрепления правого статуса народного дружинника в части применения им физической силы; – отсутствие правовых норм в уголовном законодательстве, направленных на охрану жизни и здоровья лиц, принимающих участие в охране общественного порядка. Материалы и методы: нормативную основу исследования образуют нормы действующего российского законодательства, регламентирующие общественные отношения, складывающиеся в сфере содействия населения органам внутренних дел по обеспечению общественного порядка и общественной безопасности. Методологической основой исследования послужил общий диалектический метод научного познания, носящий универсальный характер, методы логической дедукции, индукции, познавательные методы, сравнения, анализа, обобщения и описания. Результаты исследования позволили сформулировать обобщения и предложения, направленные на совершенствование законодательства в сфере участия граждан в профилактике правонарушений и охране общественного порядка. Выводы и заключения: В целях усиления правового статуса народного дружинника, повышения уровня мотивации граждан к участию в охране общественного порядка сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию законодательства об участии граждан в охране общественного порядка. Introduction: The article deals with the problems of involving citizens in the protection of public order: - imperfection of social security measures and material incentives for persons taking part in the protection of public order, in particular, people's volunteer patrols; insufficient material and technical support for the activities of people's volunteer patrols; - Problems related to the recruitment of citizens to volunteer patrols; - low motivation of citizens to help and assist internal affairs bodies in protecting public order and public safety - Problems of enshrining the legal status of people's vigilantes in terms of their use of physical force - Lack of legal norms in the criminal legislation, aimed at protecting the life and health of persons taking part in the protection of public order. Materials and methods: the normative basis of the study is formed by the norms of the current Russian legislation regulating public relations that develop in the field of assistance to the population to the internal affairs bodies to ensure public order and public safety. The methodological basis of the study was the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which is universal in nature, the methods of logical deduction, induction, cognitive methods, comparison, analysis, synthesis and description. The results of the study: made it possible to formulate generalizations and proposals aimed at improving legislation in the field of citizens' participation in the prevention of offenses and the protection of public order. Findings and Conclusions: In order to improve the mechanism of interaction with citizens who assist in the protection of public order, proposals have been formulated to improve the legislation on the participation of citizens in the protection of public order.
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Komito, Lee. "Community and Inclusion: The Impact of New Communications Technologies." Irish Journal of Sociology 16, no. 2 (December 2007): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160350701600205.
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Can new information and communications technologies increase citizen participation in civic life and promote community development? Worldwide studies of community information systems demonstrate that new technologies can enhance the effectiveness of activists. However, there has been little evidence that they bring in new participants. This article argues that e-government systems can, if properly designed and implemented, involve citizens who have not previously been active in local community life, and describes an Irish pilot project which has this capacity. The success of such systems depends not only on design issues, but also on the willingness of government to respond to the resulting policy inputs by citizens.
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de Jong, Marja A. J. G., Annemarie Wagemakers, and Maria A. Koelen. "“We Don’t Assume That Everyone Has the Same Idea About Health, Do We?” Explorative Study of Citizens’ Perceptions of Health and Participation to Improve Their Health in a Low Socioeconomic City District." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 4958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144958.
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In community health promotion programs that aim to reduce health inequities, citizen participation is recommended, as it strengthens citizens’ active involvement and has a positive impact on health. A prerequisite for citizen participation is recognizing and incorporating citizens’ perceptions of health. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these perceptions and actions needed to improve the health of citizens living in a low socioeconomic city district. Concept mapping was used to actively engage community members as part of the action research method. Eleven community groups (n = 89 citizens) together with community workers participated in the study. Participants in all groups agreed that health entails more than the absence of disease, and therefore it is a multidimensional concept. Social relations, physical activity, positive life attitude, healthy eating, and being in control were important perceptions about health. Although the participants were aware of the relation between lifestyle and health, actions to improve health included doing things together, collaboration, self-confidence, focusing on possibilities, and socially shared meanings. Creating a supportive environment to address health behavior appeared to be the most important action for citizens to facilitate behavior change. Concept mapping helped to involve citizens and provided community workers with valuable information to shape the program together with citizens.
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Sun, Chen-Yi, Hsiu-Hsiung Tai, and Ai-Ching Yen. "Use of Planning Training Courses and Activities to Enhance the Understanding of Eco-Community Planning Concepts in Participatory Planning Workshop Participants: A Case Study in Taiwan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091666.
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In recent years, in order to make community planning content closer to people’s life needs and psychological expectations, and to obtain the support of the people, “citizen participatory planning” and “community-engagement” have become two important strategies of the community planning process. In this study, an indigenous people participatory planning workshop was conducted with the support of government funds, and pre-training and post-training questionnaires were completed by the participants of the planning training of the citizen participation planning. Through questionnaire analysis, this study obtained data of the participants’ cognitive status related to community planning and analyzed the basic background of the participants in order to determine the effectiveness of the planning training. According to the results of this study, most of the participating citizens had a basic understanding of the “community environment”, “the relationship between ecological knowledge and community planning”, and “community identity” before the training. Moreover, the research results also confirm that planning training can effectively enhance participants’ understanding of community planning, spatial planning, planning tools, planning laws, and the environment of the community. Additionally, planning training also contributes to the implementation of participatory decision-making and the promotion of public support for planning content. However, it is necessary to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the needs of participants, and to make appropriate adjustments to the planning training courses and activities in order to obtain stable training effectiveness and build the basic ability of citizens with respect to participatory planning.
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Saguin, Kristian. "Cultivating beneficiary citizenship in urban community gardens in Metro Manila." Urban Studies 57, no. 16 (February 11, 2020): 3315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019897035.
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This paper introduces ‘beneficiary citizenship’ as a way to understand a form of urban citizenship that has emerged from shifts in state–citizen relations. Through the case of state-initiated urban community gardens in Metro Manila, it examines beneficiary citizenship as conditionally granting urban dwellers welfare, entitlements or recognition in the city in return for their transformation into good, responsible citizens. Beneficiary citizenship captures the dual forces of neoliberal technologies of government and alternative citizenship claims that are simultaneously present in various participatory and community-centred state projects. Case study gardens established in a resettlement housing project, in a poverty reduction programme and in a gated village in Metro Manila all seek to cultivate good citizen traits deemed worthy of being granted recognition in the city through a transformation of self and the community. Yet, beneficiaries in these projects also use their good gardener/citizen subjectivity to mobilise ends different from those intended by garden projects as technologies of government. Community gardens therefore become spaces where urban dwellers articulate citizenship by combining various strategies granted by their participation in the projects, exceeding attempts to order and contain urban life.
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Berrino Malaccorto, Renato Manuel, and Maricel Lonati. "Local open government: opportunities and challenges in terms of impact and participation." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 11, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v11i2.573.
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Through this reflection we propose to investigate and explore the possibilities offered by the implementation of open government policies in the local dimension, focusing particularly on: 1) the impact generated by open government initiatives in the improvement of processes, delivery of public services and quality of life of citizens; 2) the potential of these tools to advance in opening policies that involve the different branches of the State; 3) the possibilities offered by closeness in local governments to encourage and diversify citizen participation, and to empower the community as a driver of innovation; 4) the lessons and challenges that the implementation of these tools leave in subnational governments.
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De Weger, Esther, Hanneke W. Drewes, Natascha J. E. Van Vooren, Katrien G. Luijkx, and Caroline A. Baan. "Engaging citizens in local health policymaking. A realist explorative case-study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 24, 2022): e0265404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265404.
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Background Municipalities have been trying to involve citizens as citizen participation is thought to improve municipalities’ accountability, the quality of services, and to align policies and services to communities’ needs. This study examined citizens’ participation preferences in policymaking by investigating their health policy priorities, expectations of involvement, and required support. Methods For this case-study the realist evaluation approach was applied to focus groups with citizens and to a workshop with a local panel consisting of professionals, citizens and citizen representatives. Results This study showed that citizens want to be involved in (health) policymaking with the aim of improving their communities’ quality of life and living environment and prioritised local services and amenities (e.g. suitable housing, public transport, health and care services). Instead, professionals’ priorities were focussed on singular public health issues related to prevention and lifestyle factors. The results also show that citizens felt responsible for driving citizen participation and representing community needs to the municipality, but needed the municipality to improve their communication and accessibility in order to do so successfully. Furthermore, the professionals on the panel indicated that they needed training on how to reach out to citizens. Such training should highlight how to better align their language to citizens’ lived experiences. They also wanted their organisations to provide more space, flexibility and resources to build relationships with citizens in order to provide improved communication and accessibility to citizens. Conclusion The difference in priorities between citizens and professionals highlights the importance of involving citizens in policymaking. Moreover, citizens’ involvement can act as a lever for change to bring a wider range of services and policy sectors together and has the potential to better align policies to citizens’ lived experiences and hopefully increase the democratic legitimacy of policymaking. However, to fulfil such potential municipalities will need to invest in improving their accessibility and communication with communities.
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Шумляєва, Ірина. "Influence of European norms of participatory democracy on increasing the level of Ukrainian citizens participation in local government." Public administration aspects 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152111.
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The article considers the European legal acts features concerning democratic practices of participatory democracy for their further implementation in Ukraine. Given the insufficient level of public participation in the development and adoption of public administration decisions at the local level in Ukraine, the attention is focused on some elements of the participatory mechanism of involving members of local communities in local self-government in European documents on exercising the right to local self-government.The analysis of European norms on municipal participation, which testified to their evolution under the influence of building a system of democratic public administration and an active civil society, is made. The result of this process is the creation of a modern integrated system of interaction and cooperation of local authorities with local communities through the tools of the concept of transparent municipal activities. The comparison of the content of European acts on citizen participation in local public life, adopted over the years, allows concluding that the latest documents, along with a summary of considerable principles, forms and methods of participatory democracy contained in previous acts, are also supplemented by modern principles and measures of their implementation; and the updated methods can be used more effectively using forms of participatory democratic participation at different stages of the complicity.It is determined that modern European tendencies of democratization of administrative processes and encouragement of citizens' participation in local public life influence the increasing the citizens' participation level in making decisions of local value issues in Ukraine. It is suggested to distinguish three consecutive levels of citizen participation in making public administration decisions of local importance depending on the type of relationship, the degree of the local community members’ participation and the intensity of the process (low – general information, medium – public consultation, high – partner dialogue), the regulation of forms on each of them and the relevant content.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community life Citizen participation"
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Granvik, Madeleine. "Implementation of the Habitat-agenda in local communities : late modern living conditions and residents' interest, time for and real action in citizen participation, in a Swedish and Russian context /." Uppsala : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Ultuna, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005108.pdf.
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Joubert, Jacomina Christina. "The life experiences and understanding of children as citizens in a democratic South Africa." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05202008-182045.
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Dube, Nobayethi. "Evaluating community participation in development projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2139.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Community participation is a concept that is frequently mentioned in community development. Practitioners in development believe that in order for projects to succeed, communities need to actively take part in designing, implementing and shaping the projects that affect them. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate community participation by measuring quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation. It is important to note that there are no universal indicators of participation. The thesis presents three projects as case studies. In order to measure participation in the three cases, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation of Oakley et al. are reviewed. The indicators are applied across all three cases and the analysis indicates whether they were high, low or absent. It is also important to note that to measure participation effectively requires one to spend lengthy periods at the project site and this proved to be a challenge, as will be shown in the thesis. The thesis also demonstrates that to a large extent community participation is contextual. Of the three projects, two were rural projects and one an urban project. The two rural projects, Mongoaneng Development Forum and TsweloPele Women‟s Co-operative, were initiated by members of the community and aimed at addressing issues of poverty. The urban project, Motherwell Youth Development Forum, was specifically targeting young people with the aim of providing them with skills. Key findings include the fact that each of the cases was highly diverse, and furthermore, when measuring these cases, a common thread was that not all participation indicators were present at any given stage. Another key finding is that co-operation amongst project members tends to yield positive results and the reverse yields negative results. Another finding relates to the sustainability of the projects, pointing to the fact that even though two of the cases were doing well, their sustainability was questionable.
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Sin, Wai-see Wendy, and 冼蕙思. "Towards a sustainable community: an evaluation of the role of community participation in the redevelopmentprojects of Wan Chai and Kwun Tong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44401838.
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Llewellyn-Jones, Lorraine M. 1951. "The relationship between health professionals and community participation in health promotion." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7843.
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Haile, Gebremedhin Solomon. "Assessing community participation for sustainable development : the Galanefhi water supply project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49856.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the past, development projects were not successful, because development was guided by top-down strategy that excluded the main beneficiaries from the process of development. The creative initiative, local knowledge, and inputs of communities were not considered as a development resource. Hence, development programmes were not participatory, and could not solve social problems, rather they contributed to poverty and dependency. This condition gave rise to new thinking that unless communities participate in development efforts, no social transformation can be achieved. Moreover, the scarcity of resources in developing countries called for the mobilization of all stakeholders' resources in the cause of development action. As a result, community participation emerged as a new paradigm of development. Development has become a humanizing process; projects are people-driven; and communities are the subjects of development projects. Nevertheless, in order for community participation to meet the challenges of development, this has to be a multidimensional approach that integrates the building blocks of development. Against this background, in the context of water supply, the experience of developing countries indicates that the effectiveness of water supply projects is improved when communities participate in all phases of water supply projects. Moreover, community owned and managed water supply projects are better constructed, cost effective, and successful than government subsidized projects. Nevertheless, the role of government in enabling and supporting is essential. The study is an evaluation research, which aims to assess whether community participation is in place, and whether the delivery of water supply is enhanced as a result of community participation. The study area is in Galanefhi, a sub-region in Eritrea. At eleven villages in the sub-region, water supply projects that were constructed in the past twelve years are assessed to evaluate if community participation is in place and its effect on the water supply system. During the course of this study, interviews were conducted with 221 respondents of both sexes from the age of 28 years using open and closed-ended questionnaires. In addition, discussions were conducted with community representatives and government officials on issues of community participation and safe water delivery. Findings of the study indicate that the level of community participation differs within the villages and from one phase of the project to another. There is more community participation in implementation and less in planning. Decision-making is dominated by the water committees and local officials. The major missing ingredient is the level of capacity building. Communities' capacity to manage and operate the water supply system is limited. The institutional and administrative frameworks of the villages regarding water supply is weak. The regional and sub-region authorities' capacity that implements and oversees water supply projects is not strong. Communication between the grassroots and central authorities is not good. This is aggravated by natural conditions like climate and environment, and by the lack of skilled human resources, financial drawbacks, and lack of coordination. Nevertheless, overall assessment shows that water supply projects that enjoy more community participation are more successful and sustainable and more capable of meeting communities' expectations. Therefore, sustainable clean and adequate water delivery can be achieved through community participation in collaboration with all stakeholders. The recommendations which are provided give some insights on how to implement community participation as a strategy on the ground.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die verlede was ontwikkelingsprojekte dikwels onsuksesvolomdat ontwikkeling oorheers is deur die bo-na-onder ("top-down") strategie wat die hoof voordeeltrekkers uitgesluit het uit die proses van ontwikkeling. Die skeppende inisiatief, plaaslike kennis en die insette van die gemeenskappe is nie as 'n hulpbron beskou nie. Dus was die ontwikkelingsprogramme nie deelhebbend van aard nie en kon hulle nie sosiale probleme oplos nie. Dit het eerder bygedra tot armoede en afhanklikheid. Hierdie toestand het gelei tot 'n nuwe denkrigting, naamlik dat, tensy gemeenskappe deelneem aan ontwikkelingspogings, geen sosiale transformasie sal plaasvind nie. Weens die skaarsheid van hulpbronne in ontwikkelende lande is die mobilisasaie van al die deelhebbers se hulpbronne nodig vir ontwikkelingsaksie. Gevolglik het gemeenskapsdeelname te vore getree as die nuwe paradigma van ontwikkeling. Ontwikkeling is meer op die mens gerig; projekte word deur die mens gedryf; en gemeenskappe IS die onderwerp van die ontwikkelingsprojekte. Nietemin, as gemeenskapsdeelname die uitdagings van ontwikkeling te bowe wil kom, moet daar 'n multidimensionele benadering wees wat die boustene van ontwikkeling integreer. Teen hierdie agtergrond, en in die konteks van watervoorsiening, het die ondervindings in ontwikkelende lande aangedui dat die effektiwiteit van watervoorsieningsprojekte verbeter as die gemeenskap deelneem aan al die fases van die projek. Ook is watervoorsieningsprojekte wat deur die gemeenskap besit en bestuur word, beter gebou, meer koste-effektief, en meer suksesvol as projekte wat deur die regering subsideer is. Nietemin is die rol van die regering onontbeerlik waar dit die projekte moontlik maak en ondersteun. Hierdie studie is evaluasie-navorsing wat ten doel het om vas te stel tot watter mate gemeenskapdeelname bestaan en of die voorsiening van water verbeter het as gevolg van die deelname. Die studiegebied is in Galanefhi, 'n substeek van Eritrea. Daar is by elf dorpies in hierdie streek tydens die laaste twaalf jaar watervoorsieningspunte opgerig. Hierdie projekte is evalueer om vas te stel hoeveel gemeenskapdeelname daar was en die effek daarvan op die watervoorsiening. Tydens die studie is onderhoude gevoer met 221 respondente, mans en vrouens, bo 28. Daar is gebruik gemaak van vraelyste. Ook is daar besprekings gevoer met verteenwoordigers van gemeenskappe en regeringsamptenare oor kwessies soos gemeenskapsdeelname en die voorsiening van veilige drinkwater. Daar is gevind dat die vlak van deelname verskil van dorpie tot dorpie en van een fase van die projek tot die volgende. Daar is meer gemeenskapsdeelname in implementasie en minder in beplanning. Besluitneming word oorheers deur waterkomitees en plaaslike amptenare. Daar is me 'n hoë vlak van vermoë-bou me. Die vermoë van die gemeenskap om die watervoorsieningsisteem te bestuur is beperk en die administratiewe raamwerk van die dorpies betreffende watervoorsiening is swak. Die vermoë van die owerhede op streek- en substreekvlak, asook die kommunikasie tussen die sentrale owerhede en die gewone inwoners is nie na wense nie. Hierdie toestande word vererger deur die klimaat en die omgewingsfaktore, die gebrek aan geskoolde werkers, finansiële probleme en die gebrek aan koërdinasie, Nietemin is daar in die algemeen vasgestel dat die watervoorsieningsprojekte waar daar meer gemeenskapsdeelname was, meer suksesvol is, en beter aan die gemeenskap se verwagtinge voldoen. Die waterpunte word ook langer in 'n goeie werkende toestand gehou. Dus kan die voorsiening van genoeg skoon water bereik word deur die deelname van die gemeenskap en die samewerking van al diegene wat belang het by die projek. Aan die einde van die studie word daar aanbeveel hoe om gemeenskapsdeelname op grondvlak te implementeer.
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Hatley, Pamela Jo. "Preserving Place: A Grounded Theory of Citizen Participation in Community-Based Planning." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4503.
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For this research project I used grounded theory methodology and qualitative research methods to examine how and why citizens participated in local community-based planning and land development entitlement processes, and learn about their experiences participating in those processes. I conceptualized the citizens' main concern as preserving the character of the place they consider their community. This research demonstrates that citizens participate in community-based planning and land development entitlement processes out of a concern for preserving the character of their communities. They define the character of their communities in terms of their geographic boundaries, history, traditions, people, lifestyle, and qualitative features including land uses, architecture, terrain, and environmental attributes. "Preserving Place" refers to citizens' efforts to maintain the character of their communities as they know and embrace them.
Citizens participate in collaborative community-based planning because they believe the process affords them an opportunity to set public policy that directly impacts their lives and their communities. Likewise, citizens participate in land development decision-making and entitlement processes in an effort to ensure that land use decisions are consistent with their community plan and preserve their community's character. Citizens form networks, such as voluntary community organizations, through which they organize their efforts and mentor each other to learn about complex local government land use processes and how to participate in them effectively. Through their network organizations citizens also marshal resources when necessary to mount formal legal actions in response to land development decisions they perceive as inconsistent with their community plan and their community's character.
Citizens who participate in local government land use processes are often pejoratively called "activists" and accused of being "anti-growth" or "NIMBY" (Not-In-My-Back-Yard). However, this research shows the main concern of citizens who participate in the community-based planning and other land use processes is not to oppose growth and development in their communities; but rather to plan for growth and development and ensure they occur in a way that respects and preserves what the citizens know as the character of the places they consider their communities.
I collected data from public records of community-based planning workshops and other land use decision-making processes that affected three communities in Hillsborough County, Florida between 1998 and 2011. I analyzed public record archives and interviewed 22 citizens, all of whom had participated in community-based planning or plan review processes and land development entitlement processes. The model that emerged from the data in this research demonstrates how significant the character of a community is to the people who embrace the community and consider it their home, and how their concern for preserving the character of their community motivates people to get involved in land use policies that affect them. The model further demonstrates the capacity of citizens to organize their efforts to defend and preserve their community's character.
This research contributes to the literature on citizen participation by providing an explanatory model that demonstrates how and why citizens participate in local government land use processes. This research can also be applied to practice to improve collaborative processes and help local government land use policy makers and land developers understand the motivations behind citizen participation in land use processes, and thus how to approach the resolution of conflicts among citizens, planners, local governments, private landowners and land development interests.
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Chan, Cheong-kuen Alex, and 陳昌權. "Urban renewal and community participation in Hong Kong and Taiwan: a comparative perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952914.
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Nally, Mary J. V. "Citizen Sprouts: Exploring the Relationship Between Participation in Community Gardens and Ecological Citizenship." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276517178.
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Andrews, Christopher Lee. "The Mandela Bay Development Agency's role in promoting community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project, Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020095.
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Community participation in urban renewal projects has become important in the South African government’s efforts to address past imbalances and improving the livelihoods of socially excluded and marginalised communities. In order for the Helenvale Urban Renewal Project to be successful and bring about sustainable change, it is vital that the community be allowed and encouraged to play an active role in consultation and participation initiatives. This study outlines the importance of community participation, the types, the incentives and disincentives as well as the possible barriers to effective community participation. Findings from the analysis of the collected data indicates that a community project can only be successful if the implementing agent employs democratic principles whereby all residents are given a voice and are allowed to participate in the decision-making and implementation process. This study explores the concept of community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Projects with particular reference to the role played by the Mandela Bay Development Agency in promoting community participation in the Helenvale Urban Renewal Projects (HURP), in Port Elizabeth.
Books on the topic "Community life Citizen participation"
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The public place: Citizen participation in the neighbourhood and the city. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1999.
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Sōken, Dentsū. Kojin kara mita shimin katsudō ni kansuru chōsa: Itaku chōsa kekka hōkokusho : Heisei 9-nendo. Tōkyō: Dentsū Sōken, 1998.
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Citizens, cops, and power: Recognizing the limits of community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
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Regional Community Forestry Users' Group Workshop (1st 1995 Kathmandu, Nepal). Community forestry, the language of life: Report of the First Regional Community Forestry Users' Group Workshop, 22-27 May 1995, Kathmandu. Kathmandu: The Centre, 1996.
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Gómez, Julio Alguacil. Calidad de vida y praxis urbana: Nuevas iniciativas de gestión ciudadana en la periferia social de Madrid. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2000.
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Calidad de vida y praxis urbana: Nuevas iniciativas de gestión ciudadana en la periferia social de Madrid. [Madrid]: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2000.
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Mission superhéros: Incursions dans le monde des Real Life Superheroes. Montréal, Québec: Les Éditions de l'Homme, 2014.
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Bryan, Fanning, ed. Lessons for the big society: Planning, regeneration and the politics of community participation. Farnham Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2011.
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Community identity and political behavior. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
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Stick your neck out: A street-smart guide to creating change in your community and beyond : service as the path of a meaningful life. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Community life Citizen participation"
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Leketanyane, Precious, Tshepang Molale, Akintayo Ogunsanya, and Moses Asak. "Deconstructing the participation of rural dwellers in a community radio station." In Radio, Public Life and Citizen Deliberation in South Africa, 50–66. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge contemporary South Africa: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003027744-5.
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Bullock, Karen. "Citizen Participation and Democracy." In Citizens, Community and Crime Control, 25–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269331_2.
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Röcke, Anja. "United Kingdom: A National Strategy for Community Empowerment." In Framing Citizen Participation, 87–110. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137326669_7.
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Wandersman, Abraham, and Paul Florin. "Citizen Participation and Community Organizations." In Handbook of Community Psychology, 247–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4193-6_11.
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Röcke, Anja. "A Process of Top-Down Community Empowerment? The Case of Salford, England (United Kingdom)." In Framing Citizen Participation, 153–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137326669_10.
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Lachapelle, Paul R., and Eric K. Austin. "Community Participation." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1073–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_471.
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LeGates, Richard T. "Community Planning, Citizen Participation, and Social Justice." In City and Regional Planning, 183–204. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003195818-9.
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Christens, Brian D., and Paula Tran Inzeo. "Participation in Community Organizing." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 4633–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_4151.
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Middha, Bhavna, and Ian McShane. "E-gentrification: Digital Community Engagement, Urban Change and Digital Rights to the City." In Citizen Participation in the Information Society, 141–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99940-7_7.
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AbstractUrban development has, for many critical urban scholars, long been complicit with gentrification. The prolific scholarship on gentrification has also, in recent years, taken a digital turn, analysts exploring the association between gentrification and the increasing use of digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) in urban governance. This chapter extends the book’s discussion on consultative digital platforms as sites of dialogue between citizens and governments, situating these initiatives within the wider investment made by governments and commercial providers in digital urban infrastructure. This investment, supported by imaginaries such as techno-solutionism, democratic participation and ideas of a rational citizen, is shaping the social, economic and spatial dynamics of cities, bringing critical attention to what scholars, following Lefebvre, have called the digital rights to the city. We analyse data from the Melbourne case study of the DEMUDIG project to explore what we term e-gentrification—the convergent trajectories of digital ICTs and of the gentrification of formerly working-class urban locations. We contend, through using a framework of assemblage theory, that the implementation and use of digital engagement platforms may be a constituent of gentrification processes.
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WU, Vivien Xi. "Health Promotion in the Community Via an Intergenerational Platform: Intergenerational e-Health Literacy Program (I-HeLP)." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 349–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_24.
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AbstractThe increase in life expectancy and emphasis on self-reliance for older adults are global phenomena. As such, living healthily in the community is considered a viable means of promoting successful and active aging. Existing knowledge indicates the prevalence of health illiteracy among the older population and the impact of poor health literacy on health outcomes and health care costs. Nevertheless, e-health literacy is a critical issue for a rapidly aging population in a technology-driven society. Intergenerational studies reported that older adults enjoy engaging with younger people and benefit from the social stimulation by improved social behaviours, intergenerational social network, and participation.An Intergenerational e-health Literacy Program (I-HeLP) is developed to draw upon the IT-savvy strength of the youth, and teach older adults to seek, understand and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply knowledge gained to address the health problem. I-HeLP is an evidence-based program, which provides comprehensive coverage on relevant health-related e-resources. I-HeLP aims to engage youth volunteers to teach older adults regarding e-health literacy, and enhance older adults’ sense of coherence, e-health literacy, physical and mental health, cognitive function, quality of life, and intergenerational communication. I-HeLP promotes social participation, health, and wellbeing of older adults, and empowers the younger generation to play an active role in society. Furthermore, I-HeLP aligns with the ‘Smart Nation’ initiative by the Singapore government to empower citizens to lead meaningful and fulfilled lives with the use of technology.
Conference papers on the topic "Community life Citizen participation"
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JAKIMOVSKI, Jorde. "CITIZENS PARTICIPATION IN ADDRESSING LOCAL PROBLEMS: A CASE STUDY OF REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.215.
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The paper discusses the level of satisfaction of the local government performance and certain forms of citizen’s participation in the improvement of the quality of life in the rural communities, such as creating new job positions, improvement of the infrastructure, creating better opportunities for the children, and decreasing of the poverty. Politicians often make big promises before elections while talking about democracy, rule of law and citizens well-being. After their election, however, they forget about the problems of their fellow citizens. Citizens then feel helpless, fall in apathy and hopelessness, and take a distance from politics and the vital questions for their rural community. The paper will show some data related to these issues gathered from a research conducted by the author in 2016 on a representative sample of 640 respondents on the territory of Republic of Macedonia. The research results show the current situation of the citizen’s satisfaction from the local government with respect to the solutions of water supply and sewerage, transport of citizens, opening of new jobs, building of social services facilities, opportunities for culture and recreational activities, and they ways in which the citizens influenced the local government. The results mostly reflect dissatisfaction with the work of the local government in addressing local problems, the underdeveloped mechanism of public participation, low level of human capital in rural local governments and other problems.
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De Carvalho da Costa, Bruno Luis, and Fabiene Cristina De Carvalho da Costa. "High-capacity transport, floor area ratio and its relationship with urbanization of metropolitan areas." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3762.
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Most of the world’s population lives in urban areas (54%). Near 42% of the global urban population live in cities with more than 1 million inhabitants, where problems associated with urban sprawl such as informal settlement, social-economic changes, environmental degradation and deficient high-capacity transport (HCT) systems are common. Meanwhile, urbanization and its associated transportation infrastructure define the relationship between city and countryside, between the city’s inner core and the periphery, between the citizen and his right to move. This article discusses and presents an overview about the relationship between the planning and extension of HCT systems and urban planning, (in the figure of the floor-area ratio - FAR- prescribed in regulations). The methodological approach consists of drawing a conceptual framework and studying 33 different cities of metropolitan areas on five continents. It’s noticed that areas in cities with a high construction potential but with an insufficient HCT negatively influence in urban mobility and hence the right to the city. We consider right to the city the various social and fundamental rights that, among others, includes the right to public transportation. Therefore there’s a real need of an integrated approach of community participation, FAR distribution, urban planning and transportation planning and so that urbanization, inevitable these days, takes place in a fair and harmonious way.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3762
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Wantuch-Matla, Dorota. "Micro-spatial and urban ephemera: bottom-up and temporary initiatives in public space." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8085.
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The concept of adaptation currently seems to best embody the specific nature of contemporary transformations of urban structures within the context of concurrent changes generally taking place in civilization, economics, and society. Cities since their very beginnings have adapted and transformed their structures to the current needs and conditions of every era. Today however it is difficult to conceive of broad, all-inclusive improvement projects: the focus has shifted in the direction of creating strategies, laying out goals and their means of achievement, and then the flexible adaptation of said means to the dynamically changing conditions of cities. In the transformations of today's Western cities the voice of urban residents has become louder and louder over the years, and the practice of participation has been known for decades. This issue has only recently become publicized in Poland. The author of this article would like also to bring attention however to other types of citizen participation in the transformation of public spaces, a kind of micro-adaptation, actions by which people spontaneously on their own initiative have always adapted to and adapt to the space that surrounds them. The following article discusses selected Polish and foreign examples of grassroots movements in the process of the “production” and adaptation of urban space, in addition to diverse ephemera: spatial events initiated by bottom-up community users of public urban space. The author's contention is that in today's intensely expanding urban structures, which often tend to lose their human scale, an important aspect of the development of public space will not only be the voice of users, but also bottom-up micro adaptations and often temporary social-space interventions whose growth are a sign of our times.
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Zeycan, Dicle. "Forming City Images From the Perspective of Children." In SPACE International Conferences April 2021. SPACE Studies Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51596/cbp2021.bxvi4372.
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ABSTRACT Children have an essential place in the world population which we can’t regard. On the contrary, as the most special group of the society, by being the residents of the future cities, they are excluded from the urban life and the planning process. This situation makes the questionable togetherness of city and children become more of an issue. Before getting in action, in order to find solutions to the problem, the aim of this paper is to understand how children perceive their cities and form the image of their urban environment. Accordingly, three case studies (sites of Powisle, Sathyanagar and Enschede), which fosters the participation of children by using the methods of one-on-one interviews, focus groups, peer-interviews on video, participant- taken photographs, mapping of roaming range, participant-led guided tours, photo-grids and community surveys, have been reviewed in this study from the perspective of children. The form of the cities were examined by using the urban elements of Kevin Lynch (paths, edges, districts, nodes, landmarks) as a common frame. The results show major differences in perception of children and adults which empowers the studies made on city and children including children’s participation. Keywords: urban image, children’s perception, Kevin Lynch, urban elements, children’s participation
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Haukipuro, Lotta, Minna Pakanen, and Satu Väinämö. "Online user community for efficient citizen participation." In AcademicMindtrek'16: Academic Mindtrek Conference 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2994310.2994341.
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Golubkova, Ekaterina. "The Potential for the Transformation of Public Space in Yekaterinburg via Non-Standard Advertising Media." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-53.
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In the article, the author considers the influence of new advertising media on the establishment of public space and the transformation of the urban environment of Yekaterinburg. Though popular in Europe, the sociocultural phenomenon Ambient media remains insufficiently studied in contemporary Russia. Ambient advertising has the ability to change the usual urban space in a special way, overcoming environmental alienation and modelling the environment into a comfortable and safe one, therefore developing the public life of the city, making it attractive and creating ‘places of attraction’ for city dwellers. The author carried out an in-depth interview with representatives from the advertising community in Yekaterinburg (N = 22) to research into expert views on unconventional media, and to study expert appraisal of how the new form of advertising communication, Ambient media, impacts the urban environment of Yekaterinburg. The interviewed experts were specialists in advertising and marketing. Main occupation: advertising project management, creative strategies, outdoor ads, event-marketing, PR with a status of an advertising agency or department in the city of Yekaterinburg. Gender profile: 50% males, and 50% females; all aged between 27 and 50. Our study has revealed that advertisement experts regard Ambient media to be a very promising tool in terms of their professional practice, including in regards to the transformation of ambient urban space. Respondents note a correlation between the propagation of Ambient- objects in the city and public space formation. Non-standard media can fill the city with new meanings of freedom and creativity, helping to overcome feelings of alienation and creating new comfortable and safe spaces that people recognise as ‘their own’. Ambient-objects are moreover a source of pride for various social groups of citizens, as they contribute to the formation of a new image of Yekaterinburg: a unique, modern art centre, a city of freedom and creativity.
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Rachman, Fazli, and Suwarma Al Muchtar. "Sustainable Development Discourses on Construction of Citizen Participation in Community Care for Environment." In Proceedings of the Annual Civic Education Conference (ACEC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/acec-18.2018.79.
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Sosa Espinosa, Asenet, Ana Portalés Mañanós, David Urios Mondéjar, and Juan Colomer Alcácer. "Citizen Participation Plan for València Parcs de Barri." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6011.
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The multifunctional role of neighbourhoodscale parks is vital within the urban system. They are not neutral spaces in terms of the functions attributed to them by the social collectivity. This causes them to be analyzed, evaluated and projected in interdependence with the physical and social environment where they are located or can be located. València parcs de barri is a web platform that arises from a teaching project developed by the Teaching and Research Group TUR (urban planning workshop), within the studies of Degree in Architecture at the Universitat Politècnica de València. It is born worried about the improvement in the project decisions of the neighbourhood parks.It considers that these public spaces have not been designed with sensitivity towards the social function that they fulfil. This social function is established by the daily uses that the population makes and what the park means to them. Among the objectives of this platform are to open the University to society, involve students in a social project and listen to the user. In addition, it is necessary to diagnose and design the parks with and for the subject-user, because this is the true protagonist of the public space. This paper collects the need to establish a plan to be followed by València Parcs de Barri in the coming years. The plan is a road map that defines the strategic lines and phases to be followed in a community based research project, applying the methodologies of participatory action. References Montañés Serrano, M. (2009) Metodología y técnica participativa. Teoría y práctica de una estrategia de investigación participativa (Editorial UOC, Barcelona). Schlierf, K., Boni A. and Lozano J.F. (2010) ‘La transferencia de tecnología participativa desde la Universidad: hacia un cambio tecnológico’, in Martínez, M. (ed.) Aprendizaje, servicio y responsabilidad social de las Universidades(OCTAEDRO-ICE, Barcelona) 193-217. Valènciaparcs de barri, http://www.valenciaparcsdebarri.es/ Vélez Restrepo, L. A. (2009) ‘Del parque urbano al parque sostenible. Bases conceptuales y analíticas para la evaluación de la sustentabilidad de parques urbanos’, Revista de Geografía Norte Grande, nº 43, 31-49. Verdaguer Viana-Cárdenas, C., and Velázquez Valoria, I. (2012) ‘La ciudad de abajo arriba. Aportaciones para la práctica y la teoría del urbanismo participativo’, Hábitat y Sociedad, nº 4, 7-11.
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Middea, Alexandra. "Identita', cultura, paesaggio: costruzione di una responsabilità condivisa." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7970.
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L'aumento delle temperature, lo scioglimento dei ghiacciai, la maggiore frequenza degli episodi
di siccità e di alluvioni sono tutti sintomi della dissonanza tra attività antropiche e fenomeni
naturali, dei cambiamenti climatici in atto. I rischi per il pianeta e per le generazioni future
saranno incalcolabili se non s’interverrà con urgenza a partire proprio dalle nuove generazioni.
Per questo, quando si parla di politiche urbane, è indispensabile che si tenga presente che
esistono cittadini, che la loro partecipazione, il loro coinvolgimento nella cura del territorio
rappresenta la strategia migliore per guidare le trasformazioni urbane; garantirsi una migliore
qualità della vita e garantirla ai luoghi. Produrre inclusione sociale significa assicurare la
realizzazione degli interventi. La memoria del passato, la condivisione, la trasparenza
nell’informazione, la consapevolezza di far parte di una collettività attiva permette di
salvaguardare l’identità storica di un luogo e di una popolazione. Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, the increased frequency of droughts and floods are all
symptoms of dissonance between human activities and natural phenomena, of climate
changes. The risks for the planet and for future generations will be incalculable if we not
intervene urgently, starting from the new generations. For this reason, when it comes to urban
policies, it is imperative that you understand that there are citizens, their participation, their
involvement in the care of the land is the best strategy to guide urban transformations; ensure a
better quality of life and ensure it to places. Produce social inclusion means ensuring the
implementation of the interventions. The memory of the past, sharing, transparency of
information, awareness of being part of a community active allows to preserve the historical
identity of a place and of a population
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Andersone, Rudite, and Ineta Helmane. "Citizenship Education in the Mathematics Curriculum after the Reform of the Education Content in Latvia." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.002.
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Immense transformations occur in the modern society. Values, human rights, democracy, engagement in the life of the local community, school and the society at large are the content issues to be learnt at school which help to develop into responsible citizens of the country. The issues of citizenship education have been more extensively included both in the teaching/learning content and its implementation in all school subjects, including mathematics. Citizenship education is viewed in three aspects: knowledge about the society, skills to form relations with other people, to establish a safe and supporting environment, to follow rules and norms, attitudes to responsibilities and rights. Mathematics as a school subject is a sphere that has been little researched regarding its content and learning strategies in the aspect of citizenship education. The aim of the study is to explore and assess what changes have taken place after the education content reform in the mathematics curriculum in citizenship education. The data in the qualitative study have been obtained employing documentary research. Three criteria with respective indicators have been chosen for the analysis of the mathematics curriculum: civic knowledge, civic skills, civic values and attitudes. The study analyses two curricula of teaching/learning mathematics that are effective in Latvia for basic school (Grades 1–9) and secondary school (Grades 10–12). The results of the analyses are represented in the comparison showing the data obtained in 2013 and data obtained in 2020. The mathematics curriculum has extensively incorporated skills for learning selfrespect and respect for others, developing the capacity to engage with each other, to contribute to a safe environment, as well as the skills to offer the opportunity to experiment practically with democratic principles, working alone, in small and bigger groups, listening to classmates’ opinions and giving arguments for their opinion. The innovation in the new mathematics curriculum is the inclusion of the transversal skills in the learning outcomes, including the civic participation.
Reports on the topic "Community life Citizen participation"
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Kolb, Eugenia. Does the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) of the European Union guarantee successful citizen participation? Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.51592.
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The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is a concept of the European Union. The non-binding guidelines formulated within this framework aim to help municipalities and cities to strategically define a local and long term transport and mobility plan. From the European Union's point of view, citizen participation plays a pivotal role during all phases – from the development of the plan until its implementation. This intends to achieve greater support and acceptance from the community for the plan, and to facilitate its implementation. This paper investigates whether the planning and political SUMP approach guarantees successful participatory processes, and what conclusions can be drawn to amend the SUMP process and general transport planning practice. It discusses how citizen participation is defined in the SUMP guidelines and how these elements are reflected in the SUMP guidelines of 2013 and 2019. In a second step, this paper shows how successful citizen participation is defined in an academic context and to what extent the SUMP reflects these findings. The findings derived from the academic context are then applied to the case studies of Ghent and Limburg in order to evaluate how successfully participation procedures were implemented in these SUMP processes. Finally, the question - what conclusions can be drawn from this to improve the SUMP process and general transport planning practice - is assessed.
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Crooks, Roderic. Toward People’s Community Control of Technology: Race, Access, and Education. Social Science Research Council, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3015.d.2022.
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This field review explores how the benefits of access to computing for racialized and minoritized communities has become an accepted fact in policy and research, despite decades of evidence that technical fixes do not solve the kinds of complex social problems that disproportionately affect these communities. I use the digital divide framework—a 1990s policy diagnosis that argues that the growth and success of the internet would bifurcate the public into digital “haves” and “have-nots”—as a lens to look at why access to computing frequently appears as a means to achieve economic, political, and social equality for racialized and minoritized communities. First, I present a brief cultural history of computer-assisted instruction to show that widely-held assumptions about the educational utility of computing emerged from utopian narratives about scientific progress and innovation—narratives that also traded on raced and gendered assumptions about users of computers. Next, I use the advent of the digital divide framework and its eventual transformation into digital inequality research to show how those raced and gendered norms about computing and computer users continue to inform research on information and communication technologies (ICTs) used in educational contexts. This is important because the norms implicated in digital divide research are also present in other sites where technology and civic life intersect, including democratic participation, public health, and immigration, among others. I conclude by arguing that naïve or cynical deployments of computing technology can actually harm or exploit the very same racialized and minoritized communities that access is supposed to benefit. In short, access to computing in education—or in any other domain—can only meaningfully contribute to equality when minoritized and racialized communities are allowed to pursue their own collective goals.
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Ahmed AlGarf, Yasmine. Harnessing the Power of the Collective: The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative in Aswan, Egypt. Oxfam IBIS, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7857.
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The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative is a success story that has transformed the lives of its members, who had been finding it hard to obtain employment. They are now focused on creating their own enterprise. Started in 2018, today the cooperative’s membership has expanded tenfold and created employment opportunities by using the principles of social solidarity economy and collective business models. The Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) project in Egypt, developed in partnership with the Better Life Association for Community Development (BLACD), provided technical training to the cooperative in handicrafts production, as well as life skills training, to empower the workers to continue despite all the societal pressure for them to give up. Assistance from BLACD came in when it was needed. Particularly during the COVID-19 crisis, with the tourism market shut down, BLACD has provided crucial technical advice and support, supporting the cooperative to brainstorm and identify several parallel income-generating activities. This case study contains some testimonies from members of the cooperative on how their collective strength was harnessed to create employment and income.
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Pritchett, Lant, Kirsty Newman, and Jason Silberstein. Focus to Flourish: Five Actions to Accelerate Progress in Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-misc_2022/07.
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There is a severe global learning crisis. While nearly all children start school, far too many do not learn even the most foundational skills of reading, writing, and basic mathematics during the years they spend there. The urgent need to address this crisis requires no elaborate reasoning. If one starts with love for a child, a human universal, it is easy to see that in the modern world a child’s dignity, self-worth, and freedom to define their own destiny require an adequate education. An adequate education is what will then enable that child to lead a full adult life as a parent, community member, citizen, and worker in the 21st century. To enable every child to leave school with the foundational skills they need will require fundamental changes to education systems. Since 2015, the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Programme, with which we are affiliated, has been conducting research exploring how to make these changes through country research teams in seven countries (Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam) and crosscutting teams on the political economy of education reform. Drawing on the cumulative body of research on learning outcomes and systems of education in the developing world, both from the RISE Programme and other sources, we advocate for five key actions to drive system transformation. (See next page.) A message cutting across all five actions is “focus to flourish”. Education systems have been tremendously successful at achieving specific educational goals, such as expanding schooling, because that is what they committed to, that is what they measured, that is what they were aligned for, and that is what they supported. In order to achieve system transformation for learning, systems must focus on learning and then act accordingly. Only after a system prioritises learning from among myriad competing educational goals can it dedicate the tremendous energies necessary to succeed at improving learning. The research points to these five actions as a means to chart a path out of the learning crisis and toward a future that offers foundational skills to all children. The first section that follows provides background on the depth and nature of the learning crisis. The remainder of the document explains each of the five actions in turn, synthesising the research that informs each action, contrasting that action with the prevailing status quo, and describing what the action would entail in practice.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Towards safe womanhood: Supporting safe motherhood initiatives and women's participation in development. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1047.
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Improvement in a woman’s quality of life is a prerequisite for development of human resources, because the quality of children’s physical and mental development is inextricably tied to the health and welfare of women as future mothers. If a mother is well protected during the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, the risk of illness and other problems in fetuses and newborn babies will be reduced. On the other hand, if a woman does not survive the pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, her fetus or newborn will also be threatened. This paper provides a situation analysis of pregnant women, women in labor, and postpartum mothers, presenting also the level of morbidity and mortality of fetuses in the perinatal period (pregnancy from 28 weeks until the newborn is 7 days old), and, in more depth, the level of morbidity or mortality of infants in the neonatal period (age 0–28 days). Also presented are the risks and needs of reproductive-age couples or women of reproductive age (15–49 years), which require intervention at the individual, family, community, environmental, and national levels.
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STATEMENT OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE. National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37472/saveukraine.
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We consider it criminal and strongly condemn the violation of the territorial integrity and borders of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. We also consider inadmissible the statements of the leadership of the Russian Federation regarding our state, interference in the internal affairs of Ukraine by denying its civilizational subjectivity and demanding the abandonment of its own path of development. With great gratitude and confidence in the victory, we turn to the defenders of Ukraine: we are together, we are convinced of the strength and steadfastness of those who defend Democracy, Freedom, and Human Values! Resistance is not just military resistance. The opposition of every citizen is not to succumb to provocations and panic, to prevent escalation of tensions, to refute fakes, to maintain clarity of thinking. A patriot is someone who invests in the development of the country and preserves its defense capabilities in a way accessible to him. For representatives of pedagogical and psychological sciences — is to maintain the national identity and unity of the nation at the level of consciousness of every citizen, territorial community, society. This is the strengthening of the subjectivity of every citizen through his awareness of Ukrainian history from the times of Kyivan Rus, Ukrainian mentality of freedom from the Cossack era, the spirit of Ukrainian democracy from the Constitution of Philip Orlyk, invincibility of the Ukrainian army from the victories of Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachnyi and Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, exercise of self-awareness by Hryhorii Skovoroda and Taras Shevchenko. Scientists of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, as always, are ready for a dialogue with anyone who finds himself in difficult life circumstances, in situations of confusion or uncertainty, who needs advice or psychological help. We all have hard work ahead of us every day. But our goal is common and high — to preserve the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. To this end, we have worked for Ukraine′s independence, we have also worked for the development of our state for the last 30 years, for this, we are mobilizing for further struggle! We will win! Glory to Ukraine!