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Journal articles on the topic 'Community law centres'
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1
Stephens, Mike. "Community Law Centres: Problems and Proposals." Journal of Social Policy 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400019103.
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ABSTRACTThe principal aim of law centres is to service the claims of poor and low income people in the field of social welfare law. Their successes and limitations in realising this aim constitute the major part of this paper. Levels of demand, the satisfaction of unmet legal needs and the role played by law centres in the spectrum of advice services are important factors in assessing their mission. No assessment can be complete, however, without taking into account the internal problems faced by law centres—such as, funding, caseload levels, and rationing procedures. This paper argues that the formation of a national network of law centres would help to solve many of their operational difficulties and to position them more effectively within the spectrum of legal advice services.
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Tsuchisawa, K., K. Ono, T. Kanda, and G. Kelly. "Japanese occupational therapy in community mental health and telehealth." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 6, no. 2_suppl (August 2000): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633001935699.
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Help for people with mental health problems in Japan has traditionally centred on inpatient medical care. In a revision of the Mental Health Welfare Law planned for 2001, responsibility for the support of people with mental health problems will be transferred from central government to local government. Furthermore, local government will, in turn, delegate administrative tasks to a ‘community life support centre‘. We believe that such a centre could be linked to a university with a telehealth network. Connection to the network could benefit people with mental health problems living at home. We also believe that occupational therapists are ideally positioned to play a significant role in community life support centres. With the expected sustained growth in Japanese occupational therapy, it could become a key profession in the rehabilitation of people with mental health problems.
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Khan, Nusrat N., Badi'ah Yahya, Abd Kadir Abu Bakar, and Roger C. Ho. "Malaysian mental health law." BJPsych. International 12, no. 2 (May 2015): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000271.
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The Malaysian Mental Health Act 2001 did not come into effect until the Mental Health Regulations 2010 came into force. The Act provides a framework for the delivery of comprehensive care, treatment, control, protection and rehabilitation of those with mental disorders. The Act governs the establishment of private and government psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric nursing homes and community mental health centres. This paper outlines the provisions of the Act and the Regulations.
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Giddings, Jeff, and Mary Anne Noone. "Australian community legal centres move into the twenty-first century." International Journal of the Legal Profession 11, no. 3 (November 2004): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09695950500076994.
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Palazidou, Eleni, and Anna Polyniki. "Mental health law in Cyprus." BJPsych International 15, no. 4 (April 23, 2018): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2017.24.
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The current Law for Psychiatric Care in the Republic of Cyprus was enacted in 1997 with amendments made in 2003 and 2007. The mental health law makes provision for the development and function of Psychiatric Centres for the care of the mentally ill. In contrast to the old Mental Health Law there is a major shift from a custodial approach to community care. Compulsory admissions under the Act, which require a Court Order, are made to a designated secure psychiatric in-patient unit. The protection of patients' human rights is at the core of the Act.The Mental Health Commission, a Supervisory Committee and designated body for the Protection of the Rights of the Mentally Ill, assists in the correct implementation of the Mental Health Law. The Commission has a primarily advisory role but it is actively involved in monitoring the implementation of the Mental Health Law.
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Kuuppelomäki, Merja. "The Decision-Making Process when Starting Terminal Care as Assessed by Nursing Staff." Nursing Ethics 9, no. 1 (January 2002): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733002ne478oa.
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This article deals with making decisions about starting terminal care. The results are part of a larger survey on nurses’ conceptions of terminal care in community health centres in Finland. The importance, frequency and timing of decision making as well as communication and the number of investigations and procedures carried out are examined. The relationship between decision making and the size of a health centre’s catchment population is also discussed. The results make it possible to compare the current situation in Finland with the national law on patients’ rights. The sample consisted of 328 nurses who worked on the wards of 32 community health centres. The data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire and processed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. The nurses agreed that explicit decision making and documentation about starting terminal care were necessary, but it was highlighted that the practice had many shortcomings. Decisions were often made too late and the patients were not always aware of their situation; family members and the nursing staff were mostly better informed. It was noted that many investigations and other procedures were carried out on terminally ill patients, often at the request of family members. Decision making was found to have some relationship to the size of a health centre’s catchment area.
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Yeoh, Peter. "Secrecy in Teflon international financial centres." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 3 (May 14, 2018): 777–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-03-2017-0060.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine tax leakages in secrecy financial centres. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study relies on primary data from relevant statutes and secondary data from the public domain and in particular academic sources. The study makes concurrent use of the case study approach. Findings The study reinforces existing suggestions that tax evasion is significantly widespread from advanced to emerging economies. It also suggests serious enforcement difficulties because of light-touch surveillance among competing tax havens and financial professionals. Further, while relevant laws are in place to deal with illicit activities, enhanced transparency is needed to quell the problem and, in this instance, public access to beneficial owner data such as exemplified by UK’s public registry approach. The US Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act is proving to be effective, and similar expectations are raised for the equivalent the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development initiative from 2017 onwards. Research limitations/implications The paper is constrained with the general limitations associated with qualitative studies. These are, however, mitigated by triangulations of perspectives and so on. Practical implications The findings have implications for policymakers and the business community. Social implications The findings could help to narrow inequality gaps between and within economies. Originality/value The paper combines insights from high-profile cases with those from academic sources. The analysis is also undertaken from the combined perspectives of law, economics and accounting. It also focuses in secrecy issues in both offshore and onshore financial centres.
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Escarbajal-Frutos, Andrés, Tomás Izquierdo-Rus, Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz, and María Pilar Cáceres-Reche. "Intercultural and Community Schools. Learning to Live together." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 9, 2019): 3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133734.
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We must remember the need to create communicative relationships among groups from different cultures, as well as to reinforce the configuration and organisation of the Spanish school system. The objective of this article is to highlight the urgent need to recognise cultural, religious and linguistic diversity as values. Furthermore, Spain has rejected the French assimilationist model, both in legal and practical spheres, and the only way to integrate this model is by implementing intercultural models. Following the Convention on the Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression of the European Union, providing respect and recognition of plurality from intercultural inclusive positions is primordial in the learning context. We cannot talk about building an intercultural society without considering democratic practice and citizen participation; to this regard, dialogue and collaboration between the school community and educational centres are imperative. It is necessary to adopt an inclusive intercultural policy, to open education centres outside of traditional school hours, to reach agreements with cultural institutions, etc. Only in this way will an intercultural society become a reality.
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Haase-Kromwijk, Bernadette, Frans du Pré, and Bernard Cohen. "Organ Transplantation and European Community Law: The Case of Non-Residents." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2, no. 3 (July 1997): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969700200308.
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Objectives: The role of the European Union in influencing health care policies in member states is of increasing importance. The Eurotransplant Foundation is an organization which provides donor organs to the most suitable transplant recipients. It covers a region of five countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, The Netherlands). As there is a severe shortage of donor organs within its region, registration of so-called non-resident patients on the waiting lists aggravates this shortage. Could European Community law, especially rules on competition, limit Eurotransplant's freedom to introduce a restrictive policy on non-residents? If so, could participating transplant centres or patients initiate legal action against Eurotransplant to stop the execution of such a policy? Methods: Quantitative descriptive data on organ donation and use by the Eurotransplant Foundation during 1994 and 1995, by residents and non-residents. Analysis on basis of economic and legal framework. Results: Solidarity between potential donors and potential recipients is organized in a different manner in an organization such as Eurotransplant as compared to a national organization under national law. National regulations may introduce a restrictive policy for the acceptance of non-resident patients. Eurotransplant — as a matter of its own policy — has to consider international solidarity. The scope of the non-resident issue is dealt with, and it is explained why it is considered to be a problem. On the basis of a discussion of the economic and the legal framework for a non-resident policy, an answer to the question is suggested. Conclusion: It might be possible for Eurotransplant to introduce a restrictive policy on the admission of non-residents without violating the European Community Treaty.
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Ducatel, K., and P. Halfpenny. "Telematics for the Community? An Electronic Village Hall for East Manchester." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 4 (December 1993): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110367.
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Visions of the information city are mainly driven by the economic development potential of new information technology (IT). The role of information systems in community development remains relatively less well explored. The establishment of a municipal information system in Manchester, HOST, aimed directly at small businesses and community groups, provides a rare opportunity for a direct empirical investigation of IT policies for community development. The proposal for ‘electronic village halls’—community IT resource centres—in East Manchester is examined for clues on emerging best practice for such community IT initiatives. It is concluded that current policies which concentrate resources into a few centres are antithetical to the spirit of information network formation, and create barriers to future development in information flows. In addition, policies to develop information networks in the community should be grounded in the interest groups in the urban system. This requires closer coordination between grass-root needs and the agencies which initiate development projects.
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Kemali, D., M. Maj, B. Carpiniello, R. D. Giurazza, M. Impagnatiello, D. Lojacono, P. Martini, and G. Morandini. "Patterns of care in Italian psychiatric services and psychosocial outcome of schizophrenic patients. A three-year prospective study." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 4, no. 1 (1989): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00004090.
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Summary141 patients with an ICD-9 diagnosis of schizophrenic psychosis were followed up prospectively for 3 years in 7 Italian centres, representative of the different degrees of application of the psychiatric reform law (Law 180) passed in 1978. It was agreed that each centre would treat the patients according to its routine, and that all contacts with the patients and each intervention performed would be carefully recorded in an ad hoc schedule. The baseline evaluation of psychosocial adjustment was performed by the Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS), and this assessment was then repeated every 6 months during the follow-up period. At the end of this period, the rating on the DAS section 5 was taken as a global measure of patients’ psychosocial outcome. On a stepwise logistic regression analysis, 2 variables were found to be significantly predictive of psychosocial outcome, that is the use of social and/or vocational skills training (associated with a favourable outcome) and the number of days/year of full hospitalization (associated with a poor outcome). Trieste and Arezzo were the only centres in which a significant improvement of the score on some DAS subscales (namely, “occupational role, interest” and “social withdrawal”) was detected. In the whole patient sample, the difference between the final and the baseline score on these subscales correlated significantly with the number/year of outpatient contacts and of home visits. These findings confirm the favourable impact of the community-oriented care provided in some Italian centres on the Psychosocial outcome of schizophrenic patients.
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Supprasert, Warunsicha, David Hughes, and Piyatida Khajornchaikul. "Roles and capacities of Thai family development centres." Journal of Children's Services 13, no. 3/4 (December 17, 2018): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-11-2017-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine Family Development Centre (FDC) staff’s[1] perspectives on their roles and capacity to promote early childhood language learning through good parenting. Design/methodology/approach This research employed in-depth interviews with 30 FDC coordinators and volunteer staff, supported by limited field observations. Findings Identifying risk, surveillance of at-risk families, building community solidarity and activities to support parenting and children, emerged as key components of FDC work. Volunteers softened their surveillance role by emphasising their social support function and personal links to local communities. Most activities aimed to strengthen family bonding and relationships, with fewer specifically addressing early childhood language deficits. Volunteers found the latter challenging, and generally sought to work in cooperation with education, public health and child care staff where projects involved language development. Practical implications Most volunteers said they lacked the capacities to promote early language development effectively and required additional training in such areas as partnerships and collaboration, family and parenting support, and project management. The authors argue that the importance given to partnerships reflects volunteers’ recognition that they need to draw on outside expertise to address children’s language problems. Given resource constraints, volunteers will remain central to family support work for the immediate future. Even with training lay volunteers will not become language experts, and future policy should centre on building a framework of professional support for the community teams. Originality/value This study fills a gap in knowledge about FDC volunteer roles and suggests a need for training that focuses on teamwork rather than specialist language expertise.
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Bharti, Nisha. "Livelihood Enhancement Through Community-owned Agro-service Centres: A Case Study of MAVIM." International Journal of Rural Management 16, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005219877282.
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Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy with more than 50 per cent of population been dependent of agriculture for their livelihood. However, low profitability from agriculture, high input cost and seasonality of agriculture produce, fails to make it a sustainable source of livelihood for Indian farmers. The transaction cost theory believes that collective actions can help decrease cost and increase profitability in the sector. Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal (MAVIM) took an initiative to open community managed agro service centers with the objective of providing quality input at a reasonable price. A qualitative study in two districts i.e. Thane and Yavatmal was conducted. Both primary as well as secondary data was collected for this study. Direct contacts and discussions were held with staff of MAVIM district office, community-managed resource center (CMRCs), agro service centers as well as the beneficiaries. The study found that the agro-service centers promoted by MAVIM are doing well and being a form of collective, have helped farmer’s in reducing the cost of operation and increasing their bargaining power in the market. The study concludes that with small changes in the design and structure of the intervention, the organization can help them in achieving their objectives.
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Ngo, Hieu V., Marian J. Rossiter, and Cam Stewart. "UNDERSTANDING RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CRIMINAL INVOLVEMENT IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 4, no. 1 (January 17, 2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs41201311838.
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This study examined risk and protective factors associated with the criminal involvement of some members of the ethnocultural community. Results from ten focus groups comprised of diverse ethnocultural community members, law enforcement personnel, and service providers in four centres in Alberta revealed multiple, complex criminological risk factors related to home country experience, acculturation, strains in community interactions, socioeconomic disparity, negative media influence, and interaction with the criminal justice system. They also highlighted a number of protective factors that have prevented criminal involvement of ethnocultural community members, including family support, the strengths of ethnocultural communities, community engagement and civic participation, and access to social services. Insights from the focus groups served as the basis for a theoretical discussion and recommendations for crime prevention in a multicultural society.
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Kondo, Tinashe. "A Comparison with Analysis of the SADC FIP before and after Its Amendment." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 20 (September 4, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1676.
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Discourses on rights, duties and obligations predominantly take place within the context of constitutional, administrative and human rights law. In the last decade these debates have also begun to take place in international investment law, an "autonomous branch" of international law. The main debate centres on the adequacy and sustainability of investor-centred regulatory regimes which provide more rights than obligations to investors. The 2006 Southern African Development Community Finance and Investment Protocol (SADC FIP) was a typical example of such a regime. It offered antiquated protections which were characteristic of first generation Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). The result was that some countries, such as South Africa, opted not to conform to this binding instrument, which did not match their progressive vision of foreign investment. It is against this backdrop that the SADC FIP was recently amended. The amendment, balances the rights and obligations of investors and state parties to some degree, and moves towards sustainable foreign investment. However, this paper argues that more still needs to be done to modernise the document in line with more recent trends.
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Kolar, Bogdan. "Basic Characteristics of the Development of Organisational Structures of the Catholic Church in Slovenia." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, no. 1 (September 30, 2009): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/30.
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Different organisational structures of the Catholic Church in Slovenia were a reflection of the circumstances in the Christian community in the Central European region. Being a basic structure, a diocese has existed since the antique period. The diocese is a religious community with a centre in a large settlement (civitas). With the spread of Christianity into the rural areas and into the peasant environment, parishes began to come into existence. In historiography, the terms 'primitive parishes' began to be used to refer to the oldest parishes. They were characterised by their vastness. The number of primitive parishes increased in the 12th century. Due to remoteness of diocesan centres from the communities in rural areas and because of the inability of bishops to be in touch with the priests in rural areas, intermediate stages of organisation were coming into existence during centuries, i.e., archdeaconries and deaneries at some places. Some important changes occurred in the operation of the Catholic Church and in its organisation in Slovenia during the years after the Second World War. New parishes were established. The change of the state boundaries required changing the diocesan boundaries. Finally, the creation of the independent state of the Republic of Slovenia required a new setting up of the pastoral work and a new territorial organisation of dioceses.
KEY WORDS: • Slovenia • Catholic Church • metropolis • diocese • archdeaconry • deanery • parish
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Sampogna, Gaia, Valeria Del Vecchio, Corrado De Rosa, Vincenzo Giallonardo, Mario Luciano, Carmela Palummo, Matteo Di Vincenzo, and Andrea Fiorillo. "Community Mental Health Services in Italy." Consortium Psychiatricum 2, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/cp76.
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In 1978, in Italy, approval of Basaglias reform law marked a shift from an asylum-based to a community-based mental health system. The main aim of the reform was to treat patients in the community and no longer in psychiatric hospitals. Following the Italian model, similar reforms of mental health care have been approved worldwide. The community-based model aims to promote integration and human rights for people with mental disorders on the basis of their freedom to choose treatment options.
By 2000, all psychiatric hospitals had been closed and all patients discharged. Mental health care is organized through the Department of Mental Health, which is the umbrella organization responsible for specialist mental health care in the community; this includes psychiatric wards located in general hospitals, residential facilities, mental health centres, and day-hospital and day-care units.
Approval of Law 180 led to a practical and ideological shift in the provision of care to patients with mental disorders. In particular, the reform highlighted the need to treat patients in the same way as any other patient, and mental health care moved from a custodialistic to a therapeutic model.
Progressive consolidation of the community-based system of mental health care in Italy has been observed in the past 40 years. However, some reasons for concern still exist, including low staffing levels, potential use of community residential facilities as long-stay residential services, and a heterogeneity in the availability of resources for mental health throughout the country.
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Buhler, Sarah, Sue Delanoy, Amanda Dodge, Chantelle Johnson, Jason Mercredi, Heather Peters, and Stan Tu’Inukuafe. "Relationship, Accountability, Justice: A Conversation about Community-Engaged Research." Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning 3, no. 2 (August 7, 2018): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15402/esj.v3i2.337.
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In 2015, a coalition of six Saskatoon community organizations (the Elizabeth Fry Society of Saskatchewan, AIDS Saskatoon, STR8 UP 10,000 Little Steps to Healing, Inc., the Mennonite Central Committee, the Micah Mission, and Community Legal Assistance Services for Saskatoon Inner City [CLASSIC])1 and a university researcher (Sarah Buhler from the University of Saskatchewan College of Law) came together to address the issue of telephone access in Saskatchewan’s provincial correctional centres. Together we established an informal research coalition that we called “Project Access.” The issue of telephone access in provincial prisons had been identified by the six community organizations through their ongoing work with prisoners and former prisoners. Specific concerns included the exorbitant costs of the prison telephone system and unfair and uneven application of policies regarding telephone access. As we met to discuss the issue, it became clear to us that in order to advocate effectively for changes to the system, we needed to research the issue and to learn more about the ways the current telephone access policies were being implemented in provincial prisons.
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Holomidova, Mariia Khrystyiana. "The role and place of the magazine "Missionary" in the founding of the secular order of St. Basil the Great in the UGCC." Good Parson: scientific bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk Academy of John Chrysostom. Theology. Philosophy. History, no. 14 (January 29, 2020): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52761/2522-1558.2019.14.17.
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The article is intended to acquaint a reader with that important role and place of the Basilian periodical Misionar which it played in the foundation of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great in the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church by the Righteous Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. The article investigates the initial period of the foundation of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great, which was covered in the pages of the periodical Misionar in 1897-1898. The Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great, the earliest name of which is the Brotherhood of Law of Saint Basil the Great, was founded at the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church in the time of the Dobromil's reform of the Basilian Order in 1897 by the hegumen of the monastery of Saint Onuphrius in Lviv, father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, the future metropolitan. In the pages of the periodical Misionar, which was also founded by the hegumen and father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, in May in the year of 1897, within June 1897 - December 1898 the materials were published relating to the earliest period of the foundation of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great. This is the period when the father A. Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, fulfilled the duties of the hegumen of Lviv Monastery until August 26, 1898 and later was appointed as a Professor of moral and dogmatic theology at Krystynopol. The first editor of the periodical was the father Platonid Filias, the Order of Saint Basil the Great. By the time the father A. Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, became the Stanislavsky bishop (1899), he was also the responsible editor of the periodical Misionar. The hegumen and father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great, having founded Misionar and having founded the centres of the Brotherhood of Law, used the periodical to popularize the Brotherhood of Law and its development, thus encouraging readers to the perfect Christian life in the world in the community of Brotherhood in order to do good deeds for the benefit of all “Russ community” by joint efforts. The periodical provided information about the formation of centres of the Brotherhood of Law in localities, where the Basilian missions took place. The articles were printed that contributed to the formation of new centres and spiritual formation of community members. In particular, under the heading “The Life of the Saints”, the Basilian fathers, telling about the life of Saint Dalmat, his son Favstva and Saint Isaac, encouraged readers of Misionar to imitate the life of these Saints, the monastic life in the world and the formation of monasteries in villages, like the monastery of St. Isaac. They advised how this could be done. In the heading of the periodical “Misionarski Visti” [Missionary News], it was reported in which localities the centres of the Brotherhood of Law were founded. From May till December 1898, the story “The Christian community” was printed in 12 issues of the periodical that described the life of the law and the Christian life in general. These articles contributed to the spiritual formation of the members of the founded Brotherhood of Law and all readers of the periodical as well as the introduction of the “Rules of St. Father N. Vasyl V. for Mirsky people”, which were concluded by the hegumen and father Andrey Sheptytsky, the Order of Saint Basil the Great for the Brotherhood. Thus, favourable conditions were created for the foundation and development of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great, and the periodical Misionar played a special role in this. We can assert that the periodical Misionar occupies an honourable place in the entire now more than 120-year history of the existence and activities of the Lay Order of Saint Basil the Great in the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church.
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Sanyoto, Dhanasari Vidiawati Trisna, and Nur Afrainin Syah. "The Role of Primary Care Physicians (DLP) in Community Care." Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer) 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.33812.
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Dokter Layanan Primer (DLP) or Primary Care Physician (PCP) is a newly introduced term by the Indonesian government in 2013 since the enforcement of Medical Education Law 20/2013. DLP is a physician who solidifies his/ her education and career in primary care. They have postgraduate medical training in primary care and are experts in this field. In most countries, to be a generalist physician practising at primary care facilities such as health centres and primary care clinics, medical school graduates have to take postgraduate medical training to be proficient in terms of knowledge and skills in primary care services. Family medicine is the main body of knowledge of the primary care postgraduate training program in those countries even though their graduates are called differently among countries. These physicians are called family doctors or family physicians in the United States of America (USA), general practitioners (GPs) in Commonwealth countries, huisarts in the Netherlands. In Indonesia, where social, economic, and cultural diversity is very high in various regions, in addition to Family Medicine, Community Medicine and Public Health....
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Källmén, Håkan, Anders Hed, and Tobias H. Elgán. "Collaboration between community social services and healthcare institutions." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 34, no. 2 (April 2017): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072517691059.
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Background: Well-functioning care of people with substance use and psychiatric disorders presumes collaboration between different parties such as psychiatric care and substance use treatment centres, as well as social services. According to Swedish law, a collaborative individual plan, i.e., a written action plan to support structured inter-organisational collaboration, should be established. However, there are indications that such action plans are not used to a satisfactory extent. Aim: To explore current inter-organisational collaboration and use of collaborative individual plans among healthcare units and social services in Stockholm County. Design: The study uses a cross-sectional design. Participants ( N = 797) in a course specifically aimed at improving the knowledge and use of collaborative individual plans were invited to take part in the study prior to attending the course. A total of 705 participants accepted. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire sent to each participant’s workplace. Non-respondents were offered a paper version to fill out. Results: Respondents reported participating in one to two collaborative individual plans per month and about 70% reported using a particular template. Respondents perceived mainly positive consequences of establishing a collaborative individual plan, for instance that it clarifies what measures are to be performed and who is responsible. Conclusions: Although respondents were generally positive about establishing a collaborative individual plan and the consequences thereof, they reported low use of such action plans.
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Cain, Michael, and Suzie Forrell. "Recruitment and Retention of Community Sector Lawyers: Regional Differences within New South Wales." Deakin Law Review 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2011): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2011vol16no1art102.
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The Aboriginal Legal Service, Community Legal Centres, Legal Aid NSW and private solicitors undertaking legal aid work all have a role in meeting the legal needs of disadvantaged communities in rural, regional and remote (RRR) parts of NSW. Yet there are reports that staff shortages are affecting the capacity of these services to perform this work — in some areas more than others. In order to gain a ‘snapshot’ of solicitor availability in RRR areas and to assess any regional differences in their availability to undertake community sector legal work in NSW, the Law and Justice Foundation of NSW has undertaken a census of all public legal assistance positions in NSW. The study examined whether the positions were filled or vacant, how they were filled, and the length of time that they were filled (or vacant). The research also drew upon data from the NSW Law Society and the three main public legal services in NSW to map solicitor availability across NSW against a range of indicators, including socio-economic disadvantage. In addition, interviews were conducted with solicitors working in (and who had left) ‘hard to staff’ areas with a view to better understanding differences in the recruitment and retention of solicitors across RRR areas of NSW. The major findings of the Foundation’s full research report are discussed in this paper.<br /><br />
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Sedlačko, Michal, and Katarína Staroňová. "Internal ministerial advisory bodies: An attempt to transform governing in the Slovak Republic." Central European Journal of Public Policy 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2018-0004.
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Abstract In the Slovak Republic, a number of internal ministerial advisory bodies, intended to provide high-quality analyses and evidence based policy making for national policy, have been established over the last two years. We have studied how the rational technocratic model of scientific policy advice as a specific mode of governing, acted out through these new institutional sites of expertise, survives in a highly politicised environment of the Slovak public administration. Central to our study was the reconstruction of an intersubjective account central to the work of organising on which the analytical centres and their staff, as well as their patrons, participate. Complementary to this, we focused on intersubjectively shared elements of the analysts’ community and subculture within the dominant CEE public administration culture. The vision of governing with expertise shared by analytical centres rests on the principles of transparency, orientation on professional merit (primarily econometric, analytical skills), voluntarism, conflict avoidance, political opportunism and institutional autonomy. Analytical centres identify themselves as a distinct professional group – in fact, they form a distinct organisational subculture around traits such as demographic characteristics (predominantly young males with economic or mathematical/IT background), symbols, hierarchies, working culture, humour, as well as artefacts. Analysts see their mission in the provision of impartial, objective analytical evidence for informed decision making, yet they negotiate the boundary between politics and expertise on a daily basis, and, as we found, in numerous aspects of analysts’ work politics cannot be entirely bracketed.
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Karastergeriou, Anastasia. "Greece." International Psychiatry 5, no. 1 (January 2008): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005373.
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The history of mental healthcare offered to people with intellectual disabilities in Greece runs in parallel to that of people suffering from severe psychiatric disorders. Until the early 1980s, it was based on 9 overcrowded and understaffed state and 40 private psychiatric hospitals with a mixed population of patients with psychosis and of those with intellectual disabilities (Madianos et al, 1999). The psychiatric reforms began with Law 1397 in 1983, which introduced the National Health System, and, in the following year, European Council Regulation 815/84, through which financial aid was approved and a 5-year plan adopted. The main goal was the development of a network of community-based services in geographically sectorised areas, to replace the large psychiatric hospitals. Mental health centres, psychiatric units in general hospitals and many other community services were to be established, according to local requirement.
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TALAMINOS, A., L. LÓPEZ-CERERO, J. CALVILLO, A. PASCUAL, L. M. ROA, and J. RODRÍGUEZ-BAÑO. "Modelling the epidemiology of Escherichia coli ST131 and the impact of interventions on the community and healthcare centres." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 9 (February 3, 2016): 1974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000030.
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SUMMARYST131 Escherichia coli is an emergent clonal group that has achieved successful worldwide spread through a combination of virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Our aim was to develop a mathematical model, based on current knowledge of the epidemiology of ESBL-producing and non-ESBL-producing ST131 E. coli, to provide a framework enabling a better understanding of its spread within the community, in hospitals and long-term care facilities, and the potential impact of specific interventions on the rates of infection. A model belonging to the SEIS (Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Susceptible) class of compartmental models, with specific modifications, was developed. Quantification of the model is based on the law of mass preservation, which helps determine the relationships between flows of individuals and different compartments. Quantification is deterministic or probabilistic depending on subpopulation size. The assumptions for the model are based on several developed epidemiological studies. Based on the assumptions of the model, an intervention capable of sustaining a 25% reduction in person-to-person transmission shows a significant reduction in the rate of infections caused by ST131; the impact is higher for non-ESBL-producing ST131 isolates than for ESBL producers. On the other hand, an isolated intervention reducing exposure to antimicrobial agents has much more limited impact on the rate of ST131 infection. Our results suggest that interventions achieving a continuous reduction in the transmission of ST131 in households, nursing homes and hospitals offer the best chance of reducing the burden of the infections caused by these isolates.
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Buzhashka, Boryana, and Ivanka Yankova. "THE BULGARIAN ORTHODOX COMMUNITY IN ISTANBUL: HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (December 10, 2018): 2453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28072453b.
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In comparison to the other Bulgarian colonies around the world, that of Istanbul is a special case. If one compares it with those in America, Australia and Canada, it is small in size, but an important part of the complicated Bulgarian-Turkish relationship. What makes it different are the history of its creation, the role it played during the Bulgarian National Revival and the conditions in which it found itself during the years leading to the present day.The Revival is the period when, in the capital of the Ottoman Empire, the Bulgarians consolidated themselves as an ethnic community in the name of the struggle for ecclesiastical independence. With its multiple donors and the support of the Bulgarian State, the Bulgarian Exarchate bought many properties and built Bulgarian spiritual centres on the territory of present-day Turkey—churches, schools, community centres, bookstores, and other representative buildings. According to contemporary Turkish law, the Bulgarian colony, which now numbers 500 people, cares for the few remaining buildings from the Revival era in Istanbul, with the assistance of the Bulgarian Government.By now, hardly any representatives of the Bulgarian colony remain, and it is being revived by Bulgarians, mostly from Aegean Macedonia, who have never lived inside the boundaries of the Bulgarian state.Since the First World War (from Kemal Atatürk) until now (to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan), the colony has survived within a regime of constant discrimination. The colony does not boast any distinct personalities, it does not publish any printed publications, and has no active political and social life.Its ecclesiastical status introduces additional difficulties to its representatives. As a result of historical circumstances, the focus of our ecclesiastical struggle is concentrated on the Diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, which even now spiritually favours the descendants of those who fought against it.Throughout the years, with different intensity, and subject to many external factors, the colony’s struggle to preserve Bulgarian national self-awareness and the Bulgarian spirit has continued to this day. The community members retain the generic memory of their Bulgarian roots and identify themselves as Bulgarians.The members of the colony were particularly tested during the period of the “Process of Rebirth” and the years of the anti-Bulgarian campaign, when they found themselves socially isolated and suffered the negative aspects of the politics of the Communist Bulgarian government.Throughout the majority of its existence, the Bulgarian community in Istanbul was hostage to contemporaneous Bulgarian-Turkish relationships. However, today it can become one of the elements for the strengthening and development of good relations between the Republics of Turkey and Bulgaria.
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Buzhashka, Boryana, and Ivanka Yankova. "THE BULGARIAN ORTHODOX COMMUNITY IN ISTANBUL: HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (December 10, 2018): 2453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij29082453b.
Full textAbstract:
In comparison to the other Bulgarian colonies around the world, that of Istanbul is a special case. If one compares it with those in America, Australia and Canada, it is small in size, but an important part of the complicated Bulgarian-Turkish relationship. What makes it different are the history of its creation, the role it played during the Bulgarian National Revival and the conditions in which it found itself during the years leading to the present day.The Revival is the period when, in the capital of the Ottoman Empire, the Bulgarians consolidated themselves as an ethnic community in the name of the struggle for ecclesiastical independence. With its multiple donors and the support of the Bulgarian State, the Bulgarian Exarchate bought many properties and built Bulgarian spiritual centres on the territory of present-day Turkey—churches, schools, community centres, bookstores, and other representative buildings. According to contemporary Turkish law, the Bulgarian colony, which now numbers 500 people, cares for the few remaining buildings from the Revival era in Istanbul, with the assistance of the Bulgarian Government.By now, hardly any representatives of the Bulgarian colony remain, and it is being revived by Bulgarians, mostly from Aegean Macedonia, who have never lived inside the boundaries of the Bulgarian state.Since the First World War (from Kemal Atatürk) until now (to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan), the colony has survived within a regime of constant discrimination. The colony does not boast any distinct personalities, it does not publish any printed publications, and has no active political and social life.Its ecclesiastical status introduces additional difficulties to its representatives. As a result of historical circumstances, the focus of our ecclesiastical struggle is concentrated on the Diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, which even now spiritually favours the descendants of those who fought against it.Throughout the years, with different intensity, and subject to many external factors, the colony’s struggle to preserve Bulgarian national self-awareness and the Bulgarian spirit has continued to this day. The community members retain the generic memory of their Bulgarian roots and identify themselves as Bulgarians.The members of the colony were particularly tested during the period of the “Process of Rebirth” and the years of the anti-Bulgarian campaign, when they found themselves socially isolated and suffered the negative aspects of the politics of the Communist Bulgarian government.Throughout the majority of its existence, the Bulgarian community in Istanbul was hostage to contemporaneous Bulgarian-Turkish relationships. However, today it can become one of the elements for the strengthening and development of good relations between the Republics of Turkey and Bulgaria.
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Birmingham, Luke. "Diversion from custody." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 7, no. 3 (May 2001): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.7.3.198.
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Diversion from custody is a policy supporting the removal of people with mental disorders from the criminal justice system to hospital or a suitable community placement where they can receive treatment. There are three principal reasons why such a policy is necessary. First, when those with mental disorders fall through the net of psychiatric services they tend to gravitate towards the criminal justice system; second, the standard of health care provided in prison is, generally speaking, poor; and third, because prison health care centres are not recognised as hospitals for the purposes of the Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983, treatment for mental disorder cannot be given against a prisoner's will unless this can be justified under common law.
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Luo, Yong, Hui Yu, Siyuan Liu, Yuting Liang, and Shaoquan Liu. "Spatial Heterogeneity and Coupling of Economy and Population Gravity Centres in the Hengduan Mountains." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061508.
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The junction region of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou province (JRSYG) is a multinational community that includes the Hengduan mountainous areas, although its economy is lagging behind other regions in China. This study explored the spatial heterogeneity and coupling of economic and population gravity centres during the period 1995–2015, and determined the hotspots driving the economic development in the JRSYG region. We obtained the following results: (1) The global Moran’s I and the Moran scatter plots of the economy and population showed that the distribution of economy and population was a nature clustering. The scatter plots of the economy and population were mainly distributed in Quadrant III, with an L–L gathering. With the passage of time, the agglomeration and driving effects of the economy become stronger. (2) By the dynamic evolution process of the economy and population, the economy gravity centre (GE) and population gravity centre (GP) were approaching each other during the period 1995–2015. The equilibrium points showed an inverted U-shaped curve for the past few years. The spatial coupling of GE and GP increased every year. The balanced degree of regional development continuously improved. (3) The economic development level showed a polarisation pattern with a southwest growth pole and northeast growth pole. The point–axis spatial development pattern is presented, with two economic hotspots (Panzhihua and Luzhou) and three sub-hotspots (Xichang, Zhong shan, Zhaoyang). If further advantages from policy and infrastructure support are obtained, the hot poles can drive the social and economic development of the surrounding regions, which will alleviate regional differences in the future.
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Arthurs, H. W. "Every Whichway: New Directions for Canadian Socio-Legal Research." Canadian journal of law and society 1 (1986): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100000971.
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Barely three years ago, as chairman of the SSHRC's Consultative Group on Research and Education in Law, I released a report entitled Law and Learning. This report — in its diagnosis hardly more than a systematic compilation and empirical verification of “what we knew but could not tell” — contained a series of recommendations for the invigoration of Canadian legal scholarship. Several of these recommendations related to the need to diversify the types of legal research being conducted, to strengthen the research community by the development of networks and centres of activity, and to communicate the results of new research endeavours to relevant professional audiences, as well as to the public. For me, therefore, the establishment of the Canadian Law and Society Association and the publication of the Canadian Journal of Law and Society are events of special significance. I am pleased — indeed flattered — to be involved in these new and important enterprises, albeit in a largely symbolic way. My pleasure is only enhanced by being afforded both a platform for pontification (the Editor has absolved me from the obligation to provide footnotes), and a collective script to which I can add what amounts to a postscript to our report.
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Pozo-Llorente, María Teresa, and María de Fátima Poza-Vilches. "Conditioning Factors of Sustainability of Dual Vocational Educational Training in Andalusia (Spain): Case Study of Three Educational Centres." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229356.
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From the incorporation of the Dual Vocational Educational Training (dual VET) in the Spanish educational panorama in 2012, and in the midst of the economic and financial crisis, this dual VET educational scheme has been a political priority of national and regional governments, who see it as a strategy for socioeconomic growth, employability, and youth entrepreneurship framed under an educational sustainability model. Despite the growing number of companies involved in the scheme, this model of educational training has not been free of debate and controversy. This study focuses on the autonomous community of Andalusia with the objective of identifying—using a complementary methodological perspective—the key factors that condition the successful implementation of dual VET in this region based on the experience of three educational centres and the opinions of those educators involved. Some of the weaknesses of dual VET identified in the autonomous community include the ambiguity of regulations, budgetary sustainability, governance models, the relationship between the training offered and industry, the involvement of companies, and the recognition of the teaching staff involved.
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Curtice, Martin, and Juli Crocombe. "Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998 and intellectual disability." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, no. 4 (July 2011): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.109.007682.
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SummaryVarious UK reports have identified issues of poor health and social care for people with an intellectual disability. Such reports emphasise the vital importance of addressing human rights issues in the future to improve and address shortcomings in such care. Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights affords protection for private and family life, and applies irrespective of whether someone has the capacity to make such decisions affecting their life. This in particular is important for people with an intellectual disability. Compared with the rest of the Convention, there has been relatively more case law pertaining to Article 8. This review considers Article 8 case law involving people with an intellectual disability in the areas of community care, accommodation, day centres, lifting and hoisting, sexual relations, marriage and education. In doing so, it demonstrates the varied application and core principles for use of the Article in clinical practice and decision-making.
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Meyerricks, Svenja, and Rehema M. White. "Communities on a Threshold: Climate Action and Wellbeing Potentialities in Scotland." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137357.
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Community projects provide opportunities for their participants to collectively undertake climate action and simultaneously experience alternative concepts of wellbeing. However, we argue that community projects do so in ‘liminal’ ways—on the threshold of (unactualised) social change. We employed an ethnographic approach involving participant observation and qualitative interviews to investigate two community climate action projects in Scotland supported by the Climate Challenge Fund (CCF). We identify some of the outcomes and barriers of these projects in relation to promoting wellbeing through work, transport, participation and green spaces for food production, biodiversity and recreation. Projects’ achievements are contextualised in light of the urgent imperative to tackle climate change and against a background of social inequality. Liminal community projects are structurally constrained in their potential to create wider systemic changes. However, the projects’ potential to promote wellbeing among their participants can intersect with climate change mitigation when systemic and wide-ranging changes are adopted. These changes must involve a meaningful shift towards an economy that centres wellbeing, framed through principles of environmental justice and promoting social equity.
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Tomaszewska, Monika. "W stronę naukowości prawa w turystyce – zagadnienia wybrane." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1283.
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The aim of the article is to present some arguments in favor of independence of laws in tourism. It seems that the current development of tourism tends to reflect the dilemma whether we can today speak of a law in tourism and, if so, whether we should grant the tourism law a scientific status. The article focuses on selected issues of scientific tourism and law in tourism. The first part deals with the concept of scientific definition of tourism and laws in tourism as well as points which are problematic in formulating a definition of these two terms. In the second part, the author includes her considerations concerning the areas of institutional status of the law in tourism. In the section dealing with the institutional status, she points to scientific centres in which research is carried out in the area of law in tourism, refers to the current state of development of scientific staff, evaluates the degree of integration of the scientific community and mentions the important role of scientific institutions in the training of scientific personnel for the needs of the tourist market. A little on the sidelines of these comments, the author focuses on selected problems and methodological terms, the issues representing only a marginal topic the discussion.
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Hamilton, Sharynne Lee, Sarah Maslen, David Best, Jacinta Freeman, Melissa O'Donnell, Tracy Reibel, Raewyn Mutch, and Rochelle Watkins. "Putting ‘Justice’ in Recovery Capital: Yarning about Hopes and Futures with Young People in Detention." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v9i2.1256.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people are over-represented in Australian youth detention centres and the justice system. In contrast to deficit-focused approaches to health and justice research, this article engages with the hopes, relationships and educational experiences of 38 detained youth in Western Australia who participated in a study of screening and diagnosis for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. We report on a qualitative study that used a ‘social yarning’ approach. While the participants reported lives marred by substance use, crime, trauma and neurodevelopmental disability, they also spoke of strong connections to country and community, their education experiences and their future goals. In line with new efforts for a ‘positive youth justice’ and extending on models of recovery capital, we argue that we must celebrate success and hope through a process of mapping and building recovery capital in the justice context at an individual and institutional level.
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Arstein-Kerslake, Anna, Piers Gooding, Sarah Mercer, Marlena Raymond, and Bernadette McSherry. "Implementing a Participatory Human Rights-Based Research Methodology: The Unfitness to Plead Project." Journal of Human Rights Practice 11, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huz034.
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Abstract This article describes a novel action-research methodology that combines aspects of participatory methods and emancipatory principles into a human rights-based framework. The history of these different methods is discussed and the authors then explain how the methods can be combined to create a participatory human rights-based research methodology. This new methodology has the potential for high social impact, community inclusion, and scholarly output. The article also describes the implementation of the methodology on a project which analysed the human rights compliance of unfitness to plead laws in the Australian criminal justice system. This project developed a system of support persons within community legal centres across Australia in order to build an evidence-base for good practice in supporting people with cognitive disability who are charged with a crime. The new participatory human rights-based methodology was successful on this project and is replicable in future human rights research.
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Immonen, Mika, and Sanna Sintonen. "Citizens’ perceived value of locally-provided services." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 2 (March 7, 2016): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-06-2015-0120.
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Purpose – Ageing and population movement from rural regions to regional centres have raised new questions regarding the value of locally available services. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of individuals’ functioning status, housing arrangements and social context on services value. The authors approach the topic with the following research question: how do the personal capabilities and social spheres of rural residents influence demand for local services? Design/methodology/approach – Results are based on a postal survey conducted in southeast Finland. Data were collected using a random sample of 3,000 people from age 60 to 90 years in rural areas surrounding a regional centre. A total of 1,121 valid responses were received. Findings – The influence of individuals’ mobility on value depended on the travel distance between services and living arrangements. The authors find that subjective norms and social interactions influenced attitudes; meanwhile, the government indirectly influenced the perceived value of services. Research limitations/implications – The self-efficacy of future rural populations in adopting new services would also be a worthwhile topic. Further research should compare different living arrangements and cultures. Originality/value – The findings of this study highlight the importance of community-wide interventions. Governmental influence did not have a direct influence on perceived value of service but has significance for the subjective norm. The moderation effect, however, revealed that governmental influence is significant where community population density is high.
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Wikström, Per-Olof H., Richard P. Mann, and Beth Hardie. "Young people’s differential vulnerability to criminogenic exposure: Bridging the gap between people- and place-oriented approaches in the study of crime causation." European Journal of Criminology 15, no. 1 (January 2018): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370817732477.
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The overall purpose of this study is to contribute to bridging the gap between people- and place-oriented approaches in the study of crime causation. To achieve this we will explore some core hypotheses derived from Situational Action Theory about what makes young people crime prone and makes places criminogenic, and about the interaction between crime propensity and criminogenic exposure predicting crime events. We will also calculate the expected reduction in aggregate levels of crime that will occur as a result of successful interventions targeting crime propensity and criminogenic exposure. To test the hypotheses we will utilize a unique set of space–time budget, small area community survey, land-use and interviewer-led questionnaire data from the prospective longitudinal Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study (PADS+) and an artificial neural network approach to modelling. The results show that people’s crime propensity (based on their personal morals and abilities to exercise self-control) has the bulk of predictive power, but also that including criminogenic exposure (being unsupervised with peers and engaged in unstructured activities in residential areas of poor collective efficacy or commercial centres) demonstrates a substantial increase in predictive power (in addition to crime propensity). Moreover, the results show that the probability of crime is strongest when a crime-prone person is in a criminogenic setting and, crucially, that the higher a person’s crime propensity the more vulnerable he or she is to influences of criminogenic exposure. Finally, the findings suggest that a reduction in people’s crime propensity has a much bigger impact on their crime involvement than a reduction in their exposure to criminogenic settings.
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Llorent-Bedmar, Vicente, and Verónica Cobano-Delgado Palma. "Reformas en la legislación educativa española durante el actual período democrático: Una perspectiva crítica." education policy analysis archives 26 (October 8, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.2855.
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Since the promulgation of the present constitution in 1978, there have been seven important reforms and a plethora of Royal Decrees, Orders, and Regulations, which have meant that changes and modifications are a constant. In Spain, the legal measures adopted unilaterally by the major political parties, conservative and progressive, have lacked the desired consensus, thus impeding their implementation and leading to inconsistent lurches in direction. Following an eminently pragmatic neoliberal ideological perspective, the recent Organic Law on Quality in Education aims to unify the curriculum and give greater autonomy to private centres, with an eye to the labour market. With this reform the democratic participation of the various sectors that make up the educational community is severely curtailed and, in the interests of a higher quality of education, the decision-making powers of the highest participatory body in schools, the School Council, have been reduced to a minimum.
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Belov, Philipp, Wasyl Bilczak, Artem Malyutin, and Anastasia Smirnova. "Improving the Mechanisms for Attracting Foreign Researchers to World-Class Research Centres: Practical Aspects." Science Governance and Scientometrics 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 270–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-3.270-306.
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Introduction. According to the target indicators of the national project “Science” in the six-year period from 2019 to 2024 inclusive, a network of world-class research centres (WCRC) should be created in Russia to carry out research and development in mathematics, genetics, and other priority areas of scientific and technological development in Russia. As the new centres are predicated upon a completely new vision of the organisation of Russian science in a global context, to achieve maximum effectiveness, certain measures must be taken to simplify migration regimes for foreign citizens who plan to conduct scientific and/or pedagogical activities in the Russian Federation. Methods. To study the experience of other countries, as well as the experience of leading Russian universities and research organisations in simplifying migration policies for foreign scientists, this article uses comparative and retrospective methods of analysis; to develop proposals for simplifying the entry procedure for foreign scientists participating in WCRC projects, the deductive method is used. Results and Discussion. It is recommended that: 1) organisations where the world-class research centres have been set up, as well as organisations participating in world-class research centres, should use the best Russian practices for attracting foreign researchers developed and adopted by Skolkovo, the Higher School of Economics, Tomsk State University, The A. Steklov Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and others; 2) amendments should be made to Federal Law No. 115-FZ dated 25 July 2002 in the form of a new article outlining special conditions for the entry of foreign researchers into Russia and their employment by organisations affiliated with Russian worldclass research centres (this category of foreign nationals will not need to obtain a work permit, the time for reviewing their application to enter Russia should be reduced from 14 to 5 days, etc.); 3) amendments are to be made to the Russian Government's Resolution No. 335 dated 9 June 2003, to reduce the time it takes to issue a visa to researchers employed by Russian worldclass research centres from 20 to 10 business days from the date the application is submitted, plus a new type of visa is to be introduced and issued to such individuals: a research visa. Conclusion. The recommendations made in this article on how to improve the migration policy for foreign researchers who plan to take part in projects run by Russian world-class research centres may in future be considered by specialised agencies when making management decisions, as well as used as the foundation of new amendments to regulatory documents governing migration. The proposed amendments may subsequently become an impetus for more active efforts to draw the attention of the international scientific community to the work carried out by Russian world-class research centres and for more concerted efforts to bring more world-class researchers onboard in research and development efforts taking place in Russia.
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Ramlagan, Shandir, Karl Peltzer, and Gladys Matseke. "Epidemiology of drug abuse treatment in South Africa." South African Journal of Psychiatry 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v16i2.172.
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<p><strong>Background.</strong> The aim of the study was to explore the epidemiology of drug abuse treatment in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Treatment demand statistics were analysed from South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use records, and a rapid situation assessment was conducted. Twenty-one key informant interviews were conducted in all 9 provinces among provincial substance abuse co-ordinators, and one manager per treatment centre from a sample of treatment centres. Three focus groups were conducted and 46 self-administered questionnaires were distributed among inpatients at 2 selected treatment centres in Free State and North West provinces. Qualitative data were analysed using grounded theory, and quantitative data analysed using SPSS. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Treatment records show that the most frequent substance of abuse was alcohol (51%), followed by cannabis (21%), crack/cocaine (9.6%), heroin/opiates (7.9%), methamphetamine (Tik) (4.5%), prescription/over-the-counter drugs (2.0%), and cannabis/mandrax (1.7%). More substance abusers were male, of lower education, white or black, than were female, more highly educated, coloured and Indian/Asian. Key informant interviews showed that females are the ‘hidden’ substance abusers and tend not to be identified in research statistics and at treatment centres. Poverty, unemployment, lack of recreational facilities, being surrounded by substance abusers, and long work shifts were also mentioned as factors contributing to substance abuse. The age of initiation of substance abuse using non-drugs such as glue was 9 years old, alcohol 10 - 12 years old, dagga 11 - 12 years old, poly-drug use (alcohol, tobacco and dagga) 14 years old, and harder drugs such as cocaine and heroin at 16 - 17 years old, as reported by key informants. Family care and support, improved socio-economic conditions and increased law enforcement would help to discourage substance abuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Prevention interventions and policies in South Africa should focus on reducing substance abuse by targeting the ‘at risk populations’ identified in this study.</p>
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Slater, Donald. "Would chocolate by any other name taste as sweet?" German Law Journal 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200016230.
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Food law in the European Community is a touchy subject. One of the big ongoing debates in this area centres on the question of what names we call our foodstuffs by. In an internal market where local supermarket shelves are stocked with products coming from all around the EC and beyond, how can we be sure that the contents of the packets conform to our connotations of the name on the label? For example, if it says “chocolate” on the label, how can we be sure that it really is “chocolate” within our understanding of the word? The question of what names can or should go on labels is, sadly, very complicated. This article therefore intends to look at only one aspect of this problem: when a Member State is allowed to insist that the name of an imported “generic” product be changed. We will begin by briefly looking at the case law and one of the major pieces of legislation in this area – the Labelling Directive – before going on to discuss application of the law to the recent Chocolate Cases, handed down by the European Court of Justice (hereafter the “Court”) at the beginning of this year. This discussion will give some (hopefully) interesting insights into the way in which primary law, as interpreted by the Court, and secondary legislation interact and into the balancing of consumer protection and free trade performed by the Court.
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Amoo, Emmanuel, Gbolahan Oni, Aize Obayan, Amos Alao, Olujide Adekeye, Gbemisola Samuel, Samuel Oyegbile, and Evaristus Adesina. "Analysis of Residents’ Preparedness Protocols during Ebola Pandemic in Urban Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168934.
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Background: The study provided empirical analysis of the change in hygiene behavioural practices among community in Ogun and Lagos State with respect to Ebola outbreak in Nigeria. Methods: The data were extracted from a 2015 Cross-Sectional Survey on wellness, knowledge, attitude and practices towards the control and prevention of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Out of 1093 respondents selected in the main survey through simple random sampling technique within two enumeration areas (EAs), only 933 data cases were analyzable, leaving an attrition rate of 14.6%. The EAs represents the sampling points within the local government areas selected for the interviewed. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were both employed in the data analysis. Results: The results revealed high level of knowledge of EVD but over 70% were not aware of centre for treatment of EVD; 60.2% believed they cannot be susceptible to EVD. There were changes in certain practices that were canvassed and earlier adhered to during the outbreak. The practice of handshaking reduced, eating of hunted animals decreased only marginally by 6.9% and washing with soap increased by 4%. Conclusion: The study provides helpful insights for public health policy on possible mitigating strategies, especially in terms of behavioral risk factors that are prone to Ebola virus infections or other communicable diseases. The study emphasises that regular hand washing with soap and the use of sanitising agents including availability of treatment centres would be helpful in preventing the occurrence or re-occurrence of pandemic. The protocols identified in this study could be relevant to both medical personnel and the community for adoption especially as the unlikelihood of Ebola (or other pandemic) re-emergence have not been established.
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Szulc, Anna. "Unused cars in Wroclaw – in terms of using city space." Biblioteka Regionalisty 2020, no. 20 (2020): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/br.2020.1.12.
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Excessive traffic and the insufficient number of parking spaces pose a challenge for the authorities of large urban centres, which is why it is important to effectively use the infrastructure resources. An example of actions that reduce efficiency regards unused cars in public parking. The discussed problem should be considered in the context of the impact on spatial order, and the phenomenon of misappropriation of public space. This article analyses Mobility Policy of the City of Wroclaw and data on the intervention of the Municipal Police of Wroclaw regarding the disposal of unused vehicles according to article 50a and 130a of Road Traffic Law. An integral part of the article is a survey examining the opinions of the local community. Unused cars have a negative impact on the quality of space and life of residents, which is manifested by a decrease in the efficiency of transport infrastructure, degradation of green areas, appropriation of public space and disturbance of spatial order
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Hurst, Alison, Anna Price, Rebecca Walesby, Moira Doolan, Wendy Lanham, and Tamsin Ford. "Routine outcome monitoring of evidence-based parenting programmes: indications of effectiveness in a community context." Journal of Children's Services 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-09-2013-0030.
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Purpose – Despite an increasing policy focus, routine outcome monitoring (ROM) is not common practice in UK children's services. This paper aims to examine whether it is feasible and valid to use measures from ROM of evidence-based parenting programmes (EBPPs) to assess the impact of services and to drive service improvements through feedback mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach – This is a secondary analysis of ROM measures collected from a London clinic offering EBPPs over five years. Demographic information from referrals was compared for attendees and non-attendees. Changes in parent reported child behaviour were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Findings – No significant differences were found in socio-demographic characteristics of attendees and non-attendees. Statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-scores on parent reported SDQ scores and VAS concerns, as well as the SDQ Added Value Score. The data collected did not allow for investigation of a dose-response relationship between the level of attendance and any improvement made. Originality/value – This study illustrates that ROM can provide useful information about the impact of EBPPs in a particular clinical context. Demographic data could support service managers to evaluate reach and uptake while evidence of improvements can be communicated back to parents and support future funding bids. Incomplete data limited the inferences that could be drawn, and collaborations between research centres and clinics may be a way to optimise the use of ROM to drive service improvement and innovation.
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Hadi, Saiful, Eddy Purnama, and Mohd Din. "Kepastian Lembaga Hukum Dalam Rehabilitasi Penyalahguna Narkotika di Provinsi Aceh." Syiah Kuala Law Journal 1, no. 3 (December 14, 2017): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v1i3.9636.
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Pasal 54 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika mengamanahkan penyalahguna narkotika direhabilitasi. Kewenangan rehabilitasi dimiliki Badan Narkotika Nasional melalui Perpres Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 Tentang BNN. Selanjutnya BNN membentuk Badan Narkotika dilevel provinsi dan kabupaten/kota. Di Provinsi Aceh, banyak penyalahguna Narkotika telah dijatuhkan sanksi rehabilitasi, namun tempat rehabilitasi belum tersedia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan keberlakuan hukum. Data diperoleh melalui kepustakaan dan lapangan.Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan menghasilkan data preskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, kepastian penegakan hukum rehabilitasi oleh BNP Aceh belum berjalan, tempat rehabilitasi belum tersedia, kerjasama BNN dengan instansi pemerintah, atau masyarakat, atau keagamaan dan tradisional yang membidangi penanggulangan ketergantungan obat dan rehabilitasi belum dilaksanakan. Disarankan, adanya revisi Perpres Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 terkait penguatan rehabilitasi penyalahguna Narkotika dengan memuat sanksi apabila rehabilitasi tidak dilakukan oleh BNN, BNNP, dan BNN Kab/Kota, serta membuat MoU dengan instansi pemerintah, atau masyarakat, atau keagamaan dan tradisional sebagai tempat rehabilitasi.Article 54 of the Act Number 35, 2009 regarding Narcotics regulates that drug abuser to be rehabilitated. The power to do it is owned by the National Narcotic Board through the Presidential Regulation Number 23, 2010 on the National Narcotic Board. Moreover, the National Narcotic Board is also established in the Province and district Levels. Many drug abusers in Aceh Province are rehabilitated despite the fact that there are no centres for the rehabilitation services. This is juridical empirical research by law enforcement approach. The sources of data are obtained from library and field research. The data collected then analyzed and qualitatively resulting in prescriptive analytical data. The research shows that the certainty of rehabilitation law enforcement by BNP Aceh has not been going well, it has no the rehabilitation centre, there is no cooperation between the BNN and Governmental, community, religious and traditional organizations in preventing drug abuse and no rehabilitation process yet. It is suggested that the Presidential Regulation Number 23, 2010 should be revised relation to empowerment of the rehabilitation and there should be sanction against BNN, BNP, BNP Districts and make MoU between the BNN and Governmental, community, religious and traditional organizations.
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Economides, Kim. "Strategies for Meeting Rural Legal Needs: Lessons from Local, Regional and International Experience." Deakin Law Review 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2011): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2011vol16no1art93.
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This paper considers policy options for future planning of legal services in rural and remote areas and assesses the relative merits of the public and private sectors in identifying and meeting legal needs in such areas. Drawing on previous research and a range of national and international experience I focus on the future development of proactive services in legal service delivery: first, through examining the idea of ‘rural law (community) centres’ employing salaried lawyers and 'paralegals' working in the public sector; second, through speculating on the implications of emerging alternative business structures and new technology currently evolving in the private sector. The paper evaluates various delivery models (and their likely impact) and considers whether strategic approaches are possible when rural communities are so often dispersed, isolated and politically marginal. It examines the concept and practice of ‘rural proofing’, as developed by policymakers in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, in order to see whether legal services policy can be better attuned to the needs and expectations of rural communities.
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Bloomfield, Elizabeth. "Economy, Necessity, Political Realitry: Two Planning Efforts in Kitchener-Waterloo, 1912-1925." Urban History Review 9, no. 1 (November 8, 2013): 3–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019348ar.
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Between 1912 and 1925, the Ontario communities of Kitchener and Waterloo experienced two distinct phases of city planning ideas and proposals. The second phase, in which Thomas Adams and Horace Seymour were the professional planners, led to the adoption of Canada's first urban zoning by-law. Stages in the planning process have been reconstructed, mainly from research in records of the municipal councils and boards of trade and from the daily newspapers. The emphasis is on local perceptions of planning, planning as an issue in local politics and the interaction between outside planners and the local community. Themes include the significance of key individuals and the press in leading public opinion, the reluctance of municipal councils to antagonize the voters, and recurrent suspicions of the motives of those who advocated planning. The case-study also illustrates the diffusion of ideas about planning, as of other aspects of urban reform, from large metropolitan centres to smaller cities, and the transition in these derived concepts from "City Beautiful" ideals to political realistic type of plan.
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Edgar-Nevill, Denis. "The EU ECENTRE Project." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 3, no. 4 (October 2013): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2013100102.
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Since the EU Cybercrime Convention in 2000 (EU 2001), there has been a clear recognition of the accelerating threats to society posed by those who would exploit computers for crime and the logical progression to cyber-terrorism and cyberwarfare. Since that time the capacity to deal with cybercrime (crimes involving the use of computers) has improved but the problem has grown alarmingly. The European Commission recognises the increasing threat of cybercrime and has committed significant research and development funding in seeking to protect the community from cybercrime and cyberwar. This paper discusses a new European Commission funded project ECENTRE – England's Cybercrime Centre of Excellence Network for Training, Research and Education. On 20th December 2012 the European Commission signed the €0.935million (£760,000) contract for the project. The contract is awarded under the Programme Prevention of and Fight against Internet Crime Targeted Call – ISEC 2011 Action Grants– Project Number HOME/2011/ISEC/AG/INT/4000002226. The author is the Project Manager and Principal Investigator for the project. ECENTRE forms part of a wider European network of centres of excellence to share expertise, promote best practice and provide training opportunities for law enforcement across the EU. The challenges in establishing effecting cooperation and sharing are discussed. The considerable problem of keeping pace with the fast-developing, complex, problem posed by threats to national infrastructure, organisations and individuals is examined; highlighting the role of education as a fundamental weapon in the fight. The more we know about a threat (real or potential) – the better protected against it we become.
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Short, Nicole A., Jenyth Sullivan, April Soward, Kenneth A. Bollen, Israel Liberzon, Sandra Martin, Sheila A. M. Rauch, et al. "Protocol for the first large-scale emergency care-based longitudinal cohort study of recovery after sexual assault: the Women’s Health Study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e031087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031087.
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IntroductionWorldwide, an estimated 10%–27% of women are sexually assaulted during their lifetime. Despite the enormity of sexual assault as a public health problem, to our knowledge, no large-scale prospective studies of experiences and recovery over time among women presenting for emergency care after sexual assault have been performed.Methods and analysisWomen ≥18 years of age who present for emergency care within 72 hours of sexual assault to a network of treatment centres across the USA are approached for study participation. Blood DNA and RNA samples and brief questionnaire and medical record data are obtained from women providing initial consent. Full consent is obtained at initial 1 week follow-up to analyse blood sample data and to perform assessments at 1 week, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. These assessments include evaluation of survivor life history, current health and recovery and experiences with treatment providers, law enforcement and the legal system.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the IRB of each participating study site. We hope to present the results of this study to the scientific community at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.