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Journal articles on the topic 'Community development, Urban – Great Britain'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Grieves, Keith. "Common Meeting Places and the Brightening of Rural Life: Local Debates on Village Halls in Sussex after the First World War." Rural History 10, no. 2 (October 1999): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001771.

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In the burgeoning literature on war memorials and the commemoration of the war dead in Britain after 1918, the growth of village halls in rural areas has not been extensively analysed. K.S. Inglis has alerted us to the dichotomy of monuments to mourn the dead and amenities to serve the living. He noted that where a preference was made for utility over monumentality, local war memorial committees did not confine their attention to commemorating those who died on active service and made the Great Sacrifice, but also had in mind those who served and returned. The complex locally-determined processes of negotiating ways which would bring solace or comfort to the bereaved, through the creation of an object of mourning, has been examined with great care and detail, but analysis of urban-centred initiatives predominates.Consequently, the linkage which might be made between the experience of war and the participation of ex-servicemen in village war memorial debates, the demise of old elites and the quest for improved social and material conditions in rural areas, the diminishing support for parish churches as the focal point of community life and the emergence of undenominational social centres, all point towards the need for further examination of the proceedings of local committees, where parish records allow. As British participation in the Great War contained the powerful rhetoric of a religious crusade and was not connected to the improvement of social conditions until the publication of war aims in January 1918, many committees gave priority to the creation of sacred objects of mourning, with much use of exhortatory moral language and Christian iconography.

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2

Joss, Tim. "Community music development in Great Britain." International Journal of Community Music 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2010): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijcm.3.3.321_1.

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3

Sangster, Marcus. "Urban Fringe Forestry in Great Britain." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1993.010.

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In England opportunities for urban people to recreate in the nearby countryside are very limited. The current "Community Forestry" initiative provides incentives and support to landowners to encourage increased public access to woodlands and to open the countryside. In the United Kingdom, two government agencies, the Forestry Commission and The Countryside Commission, have targeted 12 areas to renew the urban-fringe landscape. Each area is drawing up plans for integrated landscape management using objective assessment techniques evolved by the two Commissions. Grant aid is available to landowners for management as well as new plantings. Local partnerships have been set up in each area to include landowning and environmental interests plus local governments and local and national volunteer groups.

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4

Larkham, Peter J. "The study of urban form in Great Britain." Urban Morphology 10, no. 2 (May 25, 2006): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v10i2.3930.

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This paper examines the history of the study of urban form in Great Britain, tracing its origins, the development of an ’indigenous’ strand of work, and the introduction of M.R.G. Conzen’s ideas. ’Urban form’ is defined unusually widely, as many disparate strands of work have an influence upon that definition as currently conceived, including the consideration of agents and agency in urban change. Methods and techniques are discussed, from Conzenian plan analysis to computers and fractals. The main disciplinary focus is geographical, but studies from a broad range of other disciplines are also considered.

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5

McKay, David. "Urban Development and Civic Community: A Comparative Analysis." British Journal of Political Science 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400007390.

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This article attempts to explain why it is that in spite of being exposed to similar economic and social forces, cities in Europe and the United States have followed distinctive patterns of development. In continental Europe core urban areas have remained relatively resilient compared with equivalent areas in Britain and the United States. While economic and demographic factors are important explanatory factors, they cannot account for all of the important differences characteristic of the three urban systems, whether measured in quantitative or qualitative terms. It is argued that Continental cities are better protected because of a long-established elite commitment to specific urban areas which has its roots in the development of the modern state. This commitment is labelled ‘civic community’ which finds political expression through complex representational networks at the local, regional and national levels. In Britain no equivalent networks exist and civic community is low. As a result, elites have little commitment to core urban areas. In the United States, complex representational networks do exist, but they are not linked to a historically established elite commitment to core city areas. Instead, the economic market place determines the fortunes of central cities. It is concluded that these contrasting paths of development place considerable constraints on public policies designed to regenerate central city areas.

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Button, K. J., and K. J. O'Donnell. "The costs of urban bus provision in Great Britain." Transportation Planning and Technology 10, no. 4 (May 1986): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081068608717323.

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7

Alperytė, Irena, and Margarita Išoraitė. "Developing a City Brand." Journal of Intercultural Management 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2019-0022.

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Abstract The article analyses theoretical aspects of a city brand definition, applying cases of various brands of Lithuanian cities. A brand is any sign or symbol which helps to distinguish goods or services for one person from the goods or services of another, and which may be represented graphically. The brand can be a variety of symbols, their combination, and other visual manifestations of information, such as words, names, slogans, letters, numbers, drawings, emblems; or spatial characteristics of the product itself – its image, packaging, shape, color, color combination or a combination of all these. City development usually includes an image dimension. The common ground for this is that a well-known toponym often generates events, investments, etc. Many cities are actively positioning and promoting their strategic intentions. Often times a city brand is associated with its fight for investment, tourist numbers, or successful businesses. Objective: To scrutinize relevant theories applicable to city visual branding; to look through various definitions of the city branding and envisage some advantages and disadvantages they might pose; and to analyze various case studies so that we could summarize the methodologies of why and how we could better position our local products globally. Methodology: The case study methods were used as part of a complex study and combined with in-depth interviews as well as benchmarking methods from various sources. In-depth interview method was used to obtain expert opinions on the subject. The in-depth interview method helped to analyze logo usage, goals, define pros and cons, and evaluate the results of logo design in urban development. This method was chosen to collect detailed and authentic material based on the attitudes and experiences of those involved in such a creative process. Findings: The conclusion was reached that since a place prompts a lot of variables, in the future we need to consider more numerous components, such as population, industries, landscape, economies or history, etc. The hypothesis was confirmed about the variables of the city to be further considered for (re)branding, such as the cost, semantic complexity, societal charge, and the dynamics (changeability, or rigidity). As for the methodologies, we arrived at the conclusion that the best way to create a viable city brand is a collaboration between different stakeholders. Value Added: The article adds to European experts’ suggestion of rethinking the concept of design itself, as until now a one-sided approach to design as a means of schematizing a product has prevailed. This approach, even regulated by Lithuanian law, does not cover the whole process of creating and implementing an idea. “Design is a problem-solving approach that focuses on the user during its development. It can be applied in both the public and private sectors to promote innovation in products, services, processes and even legislation,” says Dr Anna Whicher, expert on design policy and strategy of the European Commission. In other words, design has been increasingly integrated into the science, business, social and service sectors to maximize innovation. As many as 63 percent of Lithuanian businesses do not use design solutions (product design, stylization or business strategy development) at any stage of production. This figure is below the EU average, where almost half of all businesses already integrate design solutions into their operations. Lithuania is also one of the 13 countries in Europe (out of 28) that does not have design policy documents or a community uniting organization, such as design centers in Great Britain, Denmark, Estonia or other countries. The paper invites Lithuania to re-think its design development policies at large, paying attention to urban design solutions in particular. Recommendations: In further research, while selecting potential expert for city logo development, it is recommended that priority should be given to (a) responsible experts in strategic / territorial and national policy making or related activities, (b) experts with knowledge of sustainable development, (c) independent sustainable development analysts / consultants / private and academic or who have implemented specific project-based SDs both nationally and internationally. The stakeholders in this process should be representing: 1) Public Sector, 2) NGOs, 3) Private Sector, 4) Academy and 5) Independent Experts.

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Coid, Jeremy, Min Yang, Peter Tyrer, Amanda Roberts, and Simone Ullrich. "Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 5 (May 2006): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.5.423.

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BackgroundEpidemiological data on personality disorders, comorbidity and associated use of services are essential for health service policy.AimsTo measure the prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in a representative community sample.MethodThe Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders was used to measure personality disorder in 626 persons aged 16-74 years in households in England, Scotland and Wales, in atwo-phase survey.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of personality disorder was 4.4% (95% CI 2.9-6.7). Rates were highest among men, separated and unemployed participants in urban locations. High use of healthcare services was confounded by comorbid mental disorder and substance misuse. Cluster B disorders were associated with early institutional care and criminality.ConclusionsPersonality disorder is common in the community especially in urban areas. Services are normally restricted to symptomatic, help-seeking individuals, but a vulnerable group with cluster B disorders can be identified early are in care during childhood and enter the criminal justice system when young. This suggests the need for preventive interventions at the public mental health level.

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Patias, Nikos, Francisco Rowe, Stefano Cavazzi, and Dani Arribas-Bel. "Sustainable urban development indicators in Great Britain from 2001 to 2016." Landscape and Urban Planning 214 (October 2021): 104148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104148.

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10

Jones, Ian. "Transport policy and planning Great Britain." Australian Planner 47, no. 3 (September 2010): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2010.509032.

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11

Fainstein, Susan S. "Promoting Economic Development Urban Planning in the United States and Great Britain." Journal of the American Planning Association 57, no. 1 (March 31, 1991): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944369108975469.

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12

Paddison, Ronan, and John R. Short. "The Urban Arena. Capital, State and Community in Contemporary Britain." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 11, no. 3 (1986): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/621803.

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13

Johnston, R. J., and John R. Short. "The Urban Arena: Capital, State and Community in Contemporary Britain." Geographical Journal 151, no. 2 (July 1985): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633545.

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Nosyriev, Oleksandr, and Tetiana Bukina. "SOCIO-CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN VALUES." Three Seas Economic Journal 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2021-1-18.

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The article considers the issues of changing accents and cultural transformation in Ukraine, Great Britain and other European countries. In recent years, Ukraine has seen an active revival in the cultural sphere. From publishing to music, from film production to theater, from fashion to curatorial exhibitions – the Ukrainian cultural environment has become bold, diverse and large-scale. Euromaidan has given impetus to a powerful wave of cultural activism: from discussion platforms to spontaneous exhibitions, from urban regeneration projects to volunteer groups seeking to protect dilapidated national heritage sites. The impetus for it was the dynamism of the Ukrainian creative community. And further development became possible thanks to the support of new state cultural institutions. These institutes emerged after Euromaidan, such as the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation, the Ukrainian Book Institute, and the Ukrainian Institute. Institutions with a long history, such as the State Agency of Ukraine for Cinema, have strengthened their positions. The creation of these new institutions marked the departure from the post-Soviet system of cultural management. And the transition to a consistent and comprehensive cultural policy. The main thing is that the creation of a new system of culture in Ukraine has helped to bridge the gap between the state and cultural activists and the creative sector. One of the most important problems of the cultural sector in Ukraine for the last 25 years is funding. This problem is also relevant for the United Kingdom. But when it comes to finding resources for artists and cultural institutions, British policy has a respectable tradition and a number of successful answers. Support for the arts by both the state and business seems to be a matter of course for the British. At the same time, the idea of the self-worth of art is also supported by the idea of its social significance, as well as the perception of art as a primary source of creativity, innovative development, creative industry. The relationship between the European Union and the society of Ukraine is already yielding some results in the context of ensuring the democratic and European development of the state. For the successful implementation of European integration in Ukraine, it is necessary to apply such mechanisms that will ensure coordinated management of social processes of the state in the direction of European integration. The main mechanism is cultural policy, which should be aimed at regulating the regulatory framework. And the application of regulations in practice. This will allow culture to take a leading position on the path to national modernization. Legislation should be a mechanism for achieving goals, and the main thing should remain that the person should be at the center of cultural policy of the state. Given the experience of the United Kingdom, the formation of Ukraine's cultural policy should be based on the idea of the all-encompassing impact of culture on modern society. Accordingly, such a policy, being aimed at the cultural sector, effectively affects all spheres of public life. Consistent support for culture at the financial and fiscal, legislative and executive, national and local levels should, above all, be based on an awareness of the value of culture. Culture enriches people's lives, changes their worldview and inspires creativity. In the social dimension, its impact has the most significant impact on education, health and cohesion.

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Smirnova, Galina Evgen'evna. "Russian-speaking community of Great Britain today: stereotypical perception, new realities, and development prospects." Человек и культура, no. 4 (April 2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.4.36213.

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The subject of this research is the Russian-speaking community of Great Britain in the modern sociocultural context, which is traditionally characterized by distinct national, cultural and social disunity. The object of this research is the Russian world of Great Britain within the framework of modern Russian-British relations and sociocultural context of the country of residence. The attitude towards Russian-speaking immigrants from the former USSR republics was affected by multiple stereotypes. The current changes in foreign policy, deterioration of relations between the two countries, amendments to British legislation, Brexit, on the one hand, while economic cooperation and cultural exchange between the countries on the other hand, influence life of the community, forming a new context of being in a foreign cultural environment. The novelty of this research lies in the attempt to assess the impact of the ongoing social processes upon the image, public perception, and quantitative indicator of the Russian community in Great Britain, which is extremely relevant due to the absence of such data in the research literature. Based on the historical and analytical analysis of media materials, sociological surveys, legislative and diplomatic documents, it becomes evident that the number of Russian-speaking citizens who are ready to make Britain their place of residence has significantly reduced compared to the end of the previous century, and there are no prospects that this number would increase. The lifestyle these people is also undergoing changes due to the introduction of new laws in Great Britain. In the conditions of the overall deterioration of political situation, the contacts in economic and cultural spheres remain unchanged, creating a positive image of Russia in the eyes of the British people, as well as the presence of initiatives to improve cooperation between the two countries.

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16

Varady, David P. "Local housing plans: Learning from Great Britain." Housing Policy Debate 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 253–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1996.9521222.

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Marques, Iuri, Sarah Caroline Willis, Ellen Ingrid Schafheutle, and Karen Hassell. "Development of an instrument to measure organisational culture in community pharmacies in Great Britain." Journal of Health Organization and Management 32, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-06-2017-0131.

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Purpose Organisational culture (OC) shapes individuals’ perceptions and experiences of work. However, no instrument capable of measuring specific aspects of OC in community pharmacy exists. The purpose of this paper is to report the development and validation of an instrument to measure OC in community pharmacy in Great Britain (GB), and conduct a preliminary analysis of data collected using it. Design/methodology/approach Instrument development comprised three stages: Stage I: 12 qualitative interviews and relevant literature informed instrument design; Stage II: 30 cognitive interviews assessed content validity; and Stage III: a cross-sectional survey mailed to 1,000 community pharmacists in GB, with factor analysis for instrument validation. Statistical analysis investigated how community pharmacists perceived OC in their place of work. Findings Factor analysis produced an instrument containing 60 items across five OC dimensions – business and work configuration, social relationships, personal and professional development, skills utilisation, and environment and structures. Internal reliability for the dimensions was high (0.84 to 0.95); item-total correlations were adequate (r=0.46 to r=0.76). Based on 209 responses, analysis suggests different OCs in community pharmacy, with some community pharmacists viewing the environment in which they worked as having a higher frequency of aspects related to patient contact and safety than others. Since these aspects are important for providing high healthcare standards, it is likely that differences in OC may be linked to different healthcare outcomes. Originality/value This newly developed and validated instrument to measure OC in community pharmacy can be used to benchmark existing OC across different pharmacies and design interventions for triggering change to improve outcomes for community pharmacists and patients.

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18

Badcock, Blair. "Book Review: The Urban Arena: Capital, State and Community in Contemporary Britain." Progress in Human Geography 11, no. 2 (June 1987): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258701100217.

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Slootweg, Sef. "Private sheltered housing in the Netherlands and Great Britain." Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 6, no. 1 (March 1991): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02496517.

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Hodge, Gerald. "Comparisons of Urban Structure in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain." Geographical Analysis 3, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1971.tb00350.x.

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Boboshko, V. I. "Formation and development of educative capacity integration of family, school and community in Great Britain." Science and Education a New Dimension VI(154), no. 64 (February 20, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-pp2018-154vi64-01.

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22

Brown, Callum G. "Did urbanization secularize Britain?" Urban History 15 (May 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800013882.

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There are few issues in British history about which so much unsubstantiated assertion has been written as the adverse impact of industrial urbanization upon popular religiosity. Urban history undergraduates are plied each year with the well-worn secularizing interpretation of urban growth which emanated with the Victorians (mostly churchmen) and which has since been reassembled by modern investigators in forms suitable for digestion in ecclesiastical history, social history (Marxist and non-Marxist), historical sociology, and historical geography. This ‘pessimist’ school of thought has reigned virtually unchallenged since the nineteenth century, giving rise in its endless repetition to simplistic historiographical myths. Arguably, systematic inquiry has suffered because modern urban society has been regarded as inimical to religion.An important start to disentangling the web of confusion has already been made by Jeff Cox in his admirable but underrated The English Churches in a Secular Society, a study of Lambeth between 1870 and 1930. 'In the first and final chapters of that book, Cox commenced the assault on the ‘pessimist’ school, pointing out in necessarily blunt language the illogicality and empirical weakness in the arguments of many historians and sociologists of religion. That book should have a reserved space on every reading list dealing with this issue. The present article attempts to expand on what might be called the ‘optimist’ school of thought concerning the impact of urbanization upon religion: that the churches survived urbanization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While Cox adduced from his research on the 1870–930 period that the great decline of the churches had not occurred before then, the following pages shift the focus to a reassessment of of the evidence on the preceding 100 years.

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Page, Arnaud. "Fertility from Urban Wastes? The Case for Composting in Great Britain, 1920s-1960s." Environment and History 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734018x15137949592070.

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Davies, Keri, and Leigh Sparks. "Planning applications for food superstores 1960–86: Great Britain and South Wales." Land Development Studies 6, no. 2 (May 1989): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640828908723981.

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Daniels, Peter. "The Eu Internal Market Programme and the Spatial Development of Producer Services in Great Britain." European Urban and Regional Studies 2, no. 4 (October 1995): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977649500200402.

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Gibson, Margaret A., and Parminder Bhachu. "Community forces and school performance: Punjabi Sikhs in rural California and urban Britain." New Community 13, no. 1 (March 1986): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1986.9975943.

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27

Cebulla, Andreas. "Property-Led Regeneration and Job Creation: The Belfast Case." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 10, no. 1 (May 1995): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949508726260.

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Outline This paper presents the results of a recent evaluation of the Urban Development Grant in Belfast. In contrast to cities in Great Britain, the Urban Development Grant in Belfast has been available not just to property speculators, but also to owner-occupiers of commercial premises. The grant is to facilitate employment growth in assisted businesses by removing constraints on trade and production imposed by unsuitable premises or location. An analysis of employment change in UDG-assisted and non-assisted businesses is undertaken to ascertain whether grant assistance was associated with employment growth.

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Yakovleva, N. M. "Argentina vs Great Britain: the trajectory of one conflict." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 10, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-3-123-135.

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40 years ago, on April 2, 1982, Argentina made a failed attempt by military means to establish sovereignty over the archipelago in the South Atlantic, which was under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. The war was the result of a two-century dispute over the ownership of the islands. Upon joining the UN in 1945, Buenos Aires loudly announced its claims to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and began to seek from the international community to recognize its claims as legitimate. Since then, the problem has been a red thread through the history of the country. The policy of the Argentine authorities on the issue of disputed territories developed with a pendulum dynamic. Periods of de-escalation of the conflict and the development of cooperation with Great Britain, coupled with a friendly attitude towards the islanders, were replaced by phases of the dominance of irreconcilable discourse with a strong demand for the “termination of the colonization policy” by the British authorities. Relations between Argentina and Great Britain after the end of hostilities can be divided into several stages. Regardless of the direction of the course of the next government, the issue of sovereignty over disputed territories has never been removed from the agenda. The Argentine side certainly used the “Malvinas question” as an instrument of domestic policy. Currently, the conflict is in a latent phase with no prospect of an early resolution.

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Liu, Jianwen. "Improvement measures of Urban Smart Community Construction in China." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 9, no. 08 (August 25, 2022): 7179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i08.08.

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At present, with the acceleration of the Internet informatization process, the rapid development of intelligent equipment, and the development of smart city, the construction of smart community has become an essential link.However, although network information technologies such as big data can easily build smart communities, it also bring unprecedented challenges to the construction of smart communities.Using the new public management theory, the new public service theory and the governance theory, this paper deeply analyzes and discusses the current situation and causes of the intelligent community construction in China, and puts forward its own feasible countermeasures.At present, the intelligent community construction has made great progress, mainly reflected in: community infrastructure construction, community planning increasingly standardization, systematic, management more refined, intelligent, community evaluation mechanism increasingly scientific, democratization, etc., but also exist the urban intelligent community construction system support, information security law does not reach the designated position, intelligent construction and professional construction needs to be strengthened.

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Jakovlevas-Mateckis, Konstantinas. "PROBLEMS OF URBAN GREEN AREAS AND THEIR SOCIAL FUNCTION." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 30, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2006.10697056.

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The town is a complicated system the main components of which are the community and its environment. Therefore, town planning and formation of green area should be performed taking into consideration the community’s activities and needs. Favorable conditions must be created for people to live, work, study and rest. Solving these social tasks a great role falls on urban public areas and green areas. The town’s community, municipality and investors have to take an active part in solving this task. Urban green areas have to be formed systematically. In this system we can distinguish three groups of green areas which are very important for the community: a natural frame, green areas for territories of a general use (parks, town gardens, squares, etc), and green areas integrated into territories of various purposes (dwelling, industrial and commercial activities, learning, etc). They have to be planned and formed taking into account the activities and needs of the local community. The author’s analysis shows that there are a lot of gaps in this sphere. In order to eliminate its shortcomings, it is necessary to pass a law regulating urban green areas as soon as possible, and on this basis to prepare rules and normative standards for green area planning, paying a great attention to the social function of green areas.

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Blandy, S., and D. Parsons. "Gated communities in England : rules and rhetoric of urban planning." Geographica Helvetica 58, no. 4 (December 31, 2003): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-58-314-2003.

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Abstract. The number of private gated developments continues to grow in Britain, in apparent contradiction to the government's urban policy aims of developing balanced, sustainable, mixed communities. There has been no official recognition of the trend towards gated communities, nor any national debate about their desirability as a built or social form. Contradictory guidance is given to local authorities about the design priorities for new housing developments. A case study tracks the planning process of a gated Community in Sheffield in order to illustrate the problems of regulating this new form of housing. Interviews with key players in this development inform discussion about the supply and demand for gated communities, which are found to be influenced by globalised marketing trends for ideal housing types, and a pervasive fear of crime. The issues which are highlighted by the growth of gated communities in Britain demand more attention than can be provided by the current policy vacuum.

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Reeves, Dory. "Mainstreaming gender equality: An examination of the gender sensitivity of strategic planning in Great Britain." Town Planning Review 73, no. 2 (June 2002): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.73.2.4.

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Deverell, Katie. "Using Participant Observation in Sauna Outreach." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.4.461k8t2h38753612.

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Men Who Have Sex With Men Action in the Community (MESMAC) is a national project funded by the Health Education Authority in Great Britain. The project works with men who have sex with men (however they might identify) around HIV/AIDS and other health issues, using a community development approach. There are four MESMAC sites based in different parts of England, each with a particular focus; Leicester Black MESMAC works with African, Caribbean, and Asian men.

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Hardy, Anne. "Pioneers in the Victorian provinces: veterinarians, public health and the urban animal economy." Urban History 29, no. 3 (December 2002): 372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926802003036.

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From the 1850s in Britain, concerns were growing about the role of animals in transmitting disease to man, whether through the food chain or through infection. While London is often seen as providing a model for public health reform, it was the great provincial cities that initiated veterinary involvement in public health in the closing years of the century. The emergence of this new strand of public health activity is the subject of this paper.

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Liu, Jianwen. "Problems Existing in the Construction of Urban Smart Communities in China." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 9, no. 07 (July 25, 2022): 7105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v9i07.05.

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Abstract: At present, with the acceleration of the Internet informatization process, the rapid development of intelligent equipment, and the development of smart city, the construction of smart community has become an essential link.However, although network information technologies such as big data can easily build smart communities, it also bring unprecedented challenges to the construction of smart communities.Using the new public management theory, the new public service theory and the governance theory, this paper deeply analyzes and discusses the current situation and causes of the intelligent community construction in China, and puts forward its own feasible countermeasures.At present, the intelligent community construction has made great progress, mainly reflected in: community infrastructure construction, community planning increasingly standardization, systematic, management more refined, intelligent, community evaluation mechanism increasingly scientific, democratization, etc., but also exist the urban intelligent community construction system support, information security law does not reach the designated position, intelligent construction and professional construction needs to be strengthened.

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Macheka, Mavis Thokozile. "Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site and sustainable development." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2015-0030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site has contributed to the sustainable development of the local people who live in its vicinity. What is critically important to underscore is the value of the site to society. Design/methodology/approach The relevant data were collected through questionnaires, personal interviews and site visits. Findings The paper reveals that cultural heritage has affected sustainable development of local communities living in its vicinity in social and cultural terms. There is promotion of Shona traditions through exhibitions and selling of curios by local people at community projects such as the Shona Village and the Great Zimbabwe Nemanwa Craft Centre. The two projects also generate revenue to the local communities. However it was established that a number of benefits from the site such as employment creation are temporary and unsustainable. The main challenge for effecting sustainable development to local communities is lack of community participation. Originality/value Most researchers are arguing that sustainability of cultural heritage is much more difficult compared to natural heritage but the findings reflect that cultural heritage through Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site could be an essential engine and valuable resource for sustainable development.

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Ahn, Changwoo, and Stephanie Schmidt. "Designing Wetlands as an Essential Infrastructural Element for Urban Development in the era of Climate Change." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 31, 2019): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071920.

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The increasing development of urban infrastructure has led to the significant loss of natural wetlands and their ecosystem services. Many novel urban development projects currently attempt to incorporate environmental sustainability, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and community engagement into the intricate challenges we all face in an era of climate change. This paper aims to communicate several key findings on design elements that can be adopted or incorporated in the design of created wetlands as infrastructural elements. Three major design elements—microtopography, hydrologic connectivity, and planting diversity—are presented, and their relations to restoring ecosystem services of urban wetlands, in particular water and habitat quality, are discussed. These design elements can be easily adopted or incorporated in the planning, designing, and construction stages of urban development. The success of urban infrastructure projects may require both better communication among stakeholders and a great deal of community engagement. The Rain Project, a floating wetland project on an urban college campus, demonstrates the role of interdisciplinary collaboration and community engagement as a model for sustainable stormwater management, a critical part of today’s urban development. Further efforts should be made to advance the science of designing urban wetlands and its communication to transform cultural attitudes toward sustainable urban development.

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Moore-Colyer, R. J. "From Great Wen to Toad Hall: Aspects of the Urban-Rural Divide in Inter-War Britain." Rural History 10, no. 1 (April 1999): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001710.

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Towards the end of his bittersweet novelVile BodiesEvelyn Waugh has his heroine Nina Blount flying across England en route for her disastrous honeymoon. Attempting to make what passed with him for conversation, her stupid and rather boorish husband managed lamentably to misquote John of Gaunt's ‘Sceptered isle’ speech from Richard II. Then, as Waugh wrote:

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Shi, Jianren, Qiaoyun Guo, and Xiumin Zhao. "Innovative Internet Solutions for Suburban Community Farm Practices: A Study in Lowland Communities of Hangzhou, China." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215445.

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The development of permaculture follows the principle of respecting nature and protecting ecology, which is of great significance to the development of modern urban agriculture. Community planning combines urban life with traditional agricultural production, so that agricultural development and suburban urban life have symbiosis and complement each other. On the one hand, it alleviates the contradiction between the city and ecological environment protection and guides ecological and green development in the suburbs of the city. On the other hand, it creates a better living environment for the city and promotes the sustainable development of urban–rural integration. This paper combines the sustainable design concept of permaculture with the resource conditions and advantages of the comprehensive project base and applies the concept of permaculture to the development of the “air vegetable plot” urban farm. At the same time, we use the integration strategy of agriculture and tourism, through the “Internet + Agriculture” path, to build a multi-functional industry of life, production and ecology; to promote the sustainable development of rural industries with the digitization of agricultural industries; to promote the common prosperity of rural areas; and to open a new model of “Internet + Future Agriculture”.

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Marques, Bruno, Jacqueline McIntosh, and Victoria Chanse. "Improving Community Health and Wellbeing Through Multi-Functional Green Infrastructure in Cities Undergoing Densification." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 23, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2020-0020.

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AbstractEvidence shows that maintaining a relationship with nature is essential for human health and wellbeing. This is of great importance when migration to urban areas is increasing globally and the need for nature as well as green and blue spaces as a source of recreation and relaxation is highly regarded for the health and wellbeing of local communities. Sustainable urban development and alternative design solutions to address urban compactness and densification are becoming increasingly important tools to counteract the adverse effects of urban sprawl. In the context of the highly compact bicultural capital city of Wellington, Aotearoa-New Zealand, this paper examines the effects of urban densification and compact city development in urban green spaces. It explores how architecture and landscape architecture can transform urban environments into desirable places to live and capitalise on the potentials of interstitial spaces, outdated zoning and changing land-use. To achieve that, it looks at green and blue infrastructure design solutions and opportunities that foster sustainable intensification and by offering new views for health and wellbeing that improve the social, cultural and environmental health of the city.

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Katkova, S. "THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE NATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS INDUSTRY IN ITALY." East European Scientific Journal 5, no. 4(68) (May 14, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.5.68.32.

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The article notes the main characteristics for different schools of PR (such as schools of the USA, Great Britain, France and Germany), but it is devoted to a retrospective analysis of the institutionalization of the professional public relations industry in Italy in the 1950s-1980s. The formation and development of the professional PR-community is considered through the prism of socio-economic and political conditions in the country.

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Zou, Tong, Yikun Su, and Yaowu Wang. "Research on the Hybrid ANP-FCE Approach of Urban Community Sustainable Construction Problem." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 10, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8572498.

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As an important component of urban construction, the development of the community is of great significance to the sustainable construction of the entire society. The previous studies mainly focused on quantitative research and were limited by the data collectability, affecting the scientificity of the index system. Therefore, based on the theory of sustainable development, through the review of previous literature, combined with relevant experts' opinions and community development goals and other factors, a qualitative evaluation index system for community sustainable development capacity was established. The ANP (analytic network process) method is mainly used to determine the weight of each indicator, and FCE (fuzzy comprehensive evaluation) is proposed to determine every indicator’s membership. Then the hybrid fuzzy evaluation is promoted to evaluate the selected community as the empirical study. In this paper, the indicator selection is not limited by objective factors, and the evaluation system is more accurate; the application of ANP method makes the results of weight more scientific; meanwhile, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation can be suitable for solving various nondeterministic problems. This study transforms qualitative research into quantitative research; it provides an effective evaluation method for local managers and decision makers to carry out community sustainable construction.

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RAVEN, NEIL. "Chelmsford during the industrial revolution, c.1790–1840." Urban History 30, no. 1 (May 2003): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926803001032.

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Were England's old shire towns marginalized from the process of economic change during the period of the classical Industrial Revolution? A number of contributors to The Cambridge Urban History of Britain, Vol. II make this claim, others emphasize the continued relevance of these towns in the emerging industrial age. With few investigations undertaken into the county towns of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, detailed case study analysis is needed. Using trade directories to profile Chelmsford's business community, this article presents evidence of a dynamic and prosperous urban economy.

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Cloke, P. "Rural Poverty and the Welfare State: A Discursive Transformation in Britain and the USA." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 6 (June 1995): 1001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271001.

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In this paper some of the issues raised in researching the ‘problematic’ of rural life-styles are discussed. It is argued that traditional normative approaches to the study of deprivation and poverty need to be supplemented by an understanding of varying social and cultural constructions of reality, community, living standards, and welfare. The importance of such social and cultural constructs is illustrated in a discussion of the discursive transformation of previous codes, symbols, and concepts of welfare and poverty during the Thatcher and Reagan eras in Britain and the USA, respectively. In a series of contested transformations, the relationship between individual, society, and state in the provision and receipt of welfare has been redefined. Moreover, it is suggested that there are important spatial differences between the urban and the rural within this discursive context, with the urban construction of ‘underclass’ contrasting with rural constructions of ‘idyll’, the latter suggesting codes and symbols of self-help which negate the need for state intervention in welfare.

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Sahabudin, Arfah. "Local Culinary Entrepreneurship As The Development Of Regional Gastronomy And Urban Tourism." Jurnal Khazanah Intelektual 5, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37250/newkiki.v5i3.123.

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Tourism development efforts are currently being pursued through the concept of sustainable tourism with a community-based tourism approach, providing great opportunities for the community to participate in tourism development; produce tourism product development from businesses managed by the community. However, a way is still needed so that all these developments can continue to increase the number of tourist visits. The emergence of tourism as an academic part of tourism studies and education, encourages tourism potential to continue to be developed. Such an attraction makes Sate Bandeng a gastronomic tour. Which is one of the right ways to raise the potential of local culinary. This article aims to show the progress of tourism since before the concept of sustainable tourism was applied to the present. The research method used is a description with a qualitative approach. This study is based on a review of secondary sources through literature research and personal communication with several scholars in tourism and tourism business services. There are not many articles that discuss local culinary entrepreneurship as a development of regional gastronomy and part of an urban tourism attraction, while the development of sustainable tourism has allowed tourism to stand alone, and it seems that tourism with all its derivatives has gained independence as a field of academic study and as a Study Program in Higher Education in Indonesia. Indonesia.

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Deng, Feng. "Work unit and private community in the evolution of urban planning in contemporary China." Planning Theory 17, no. 4 (October 13, 2017): 533–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095217734413.

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Built on theories about the hold-up problem in New Institutional Economics, this article analyzes the evolution of urban planning in contemporary China from an institutional perspective. In particular, it focuses on two phenomena: work unit in the planned economy and the large-scale growth of private communities in the market economy. I argue that the hold-up problem in urban land use still exists in a planned economy and asks for the integration of de facto property owner and local public goods provider. Land use control was thus mostly conducted by the work unit. Urban planning in contemporary China has always been planning for government rather than for the public. This leads to great uncertainty in land use and, consequently, the hold-up problem. Widespread emergence of private communities in the Chinese city is the response of the market to the hold-up problem that arises from the nature of Chinese governmental planning.

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Subagyo, Agus. "Studi Hubungan Internasional di Indonesia." Jurnal Dinamika Global 1, no. 02 (December 1, 2016): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v1i02.18.

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This paper would like to analyze the development of study of International Relations in Indonesia which has progressed very rapidly. The science of lucrative International Relations since April 1919 in Britain and into Indonesian territory since the 1945�s, has been in great demand by the public, gaining a place in the hearts of the social scientific community, and contributing a lot to the foreign decision-making played by the government. Therefore, it is important to look at opportunities, challenges, and prospects for the development of International Relations studies in Indonesia to date.

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Petrov, A. A. "Opportunities and directions for digital economy development in Russia and blocking factors of its development." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.100.3.045-066.

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The paper shows the importance of the 4th Industrial Revolution and its product — the digital economy — in the development of mankind, its dual impact on the welfare and labor market of a specific people, the country, as well as the world community as a whole. The author examines the consequences of introduction of artificial intelligence, cyberphysical systems in production processes. Also, the paper analyzes the German program “Industry 4.0” shifting a German manufacturing industry on a digital basis through the use of digital technologies and setting up smart factories. The author summarizes the digital programs of the USA, Great Britain, Japan. The possibilities and problems of development and blocking of digital economy in Russia are shown. The author describes such basic components of the digital economy as blockchain, cyberphysical systems, digitalization, big data, artificial intelligence. He considers adverse consequences of the digital economy, factors blocking its development, as well as possible ways of their neutralization and elimination.

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Doyle, Barry M. "Research in urban history: a review of recent theses." Urban History 28, no. 2 (August 2001): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926801002097.

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The object of this survey is to provide a broad overview of the types of research being undertaken in the field of urban history by doctoral students in Great Britain and North America. The survey employs a wide interpretation of ‘urban history’ which includes both the history of, and history in, urban areas. Providing brief summaries of a selection of abstracts published in the Aslib Index to Theses (covering Britain and Ireland) and Dissertations Abstracts International (for North America) of theses completed in 1999 and 2000, it attempts to highlight the novel directions in which current research is being taken. As noted last year, access to thesis abstracts has been greatly improved by the development of on-line services, including the electronic version of Index to Theses available at http://www.theses.com and Dissertations Abstracts International which can be accessed through Proquest at http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. The thirty-four dissertations, drawn fairly evenly from candidates in British and North American institutions, cover a broad range of topics, with the time-span ranging from the early medieval world to the post-Second World War era, though it is worth noting the absence of studies addressing ancient history in this survey. As has been the trend in recent years, the bulk of the dissertations on both sides of the Atlantic focus on the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century, with particular concentrations around the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, though there is an enduring interest in the early modern period in England.

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Ivanova, Zinaida Ilyinichna, and Olga Valeryevna Yudenkova. "Sociological Methods for Sustainable Urban Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.909.

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The authors raise a question of the necessity of urgent introduction of the principles of green building design into the practice. It is emphasized that such a necessity is dictated by the dangerous degradation processes occurring in the biosphere and society. In the given report the questions of social purpose and function of architectural activity are raised, as well as of the development of the sociology of architecture as an essential field of scientific research for providing the quality of design solutions.Green building technologies are widely spread in Europe, USA and in the Korea, China. Green building and sustainable building technologies have converted into a regular construction and building operation practice, whose mission is to reduce consumption of power and other material resources and to preserve or improve the quality of buildings and their comfort. The most reputable green building standards include LEED in the USA and BREAM in Great Britain. A discussion of local green standards, that will take account of the climate, landscape, and the lifestyle of residents, is underway in Russia. Principles of the ecologically sustainable design are being introduced into the architectural practice.

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