Relevant bibliographies by topics / Community development Malaya

Academic literature on the topic 'Community development Malaya'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Community development Malaya"

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Lau, Albert. "Malayan Union Citizenship: Constitutional Change and Controversy in Malaya, 1942–48." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 2 (September 1989): 216–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400018105.

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Responding to the new forces unleashed by the Second World War, Whitehall planners devised a new scheme that envisaged the creation of Malayan Union Citizenship. In a fundamental break from past practice, the new scheme sought to confer citizenship privileges on Malaya's non-Malay population. In the aftermath of the War the implementation of the new policy embroiled the Colonial Office in a major constitutional controversy that threatened not only Britain's traditional relationship with the indigenous Malay community but also the bases of British rule in Malaya.
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Barnard, Timothy P. "Film Melayu: Nationalism, modernity and film in a pre-World War Two Malay magazine." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409990257.

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Prior to World War Two many of the Malay-language films released in Singapore and Malaya were made in Java and the Philippines. Beginning in 1940 the Shaw Brothers began producing Malay films in Singapore for distribution to their theatre network throughout Malaya. The first Malay film magazine, Film Melayu, which began publishing in May 1941, documented the production and release of a number of these pre-war films in Singapore, providing one of the few avenues for a better understanding of the origins of Malay cinema. More importantly, this periodical was firmly ensconced within the Malay publishing community and thus reflects debates over issues ranging from the proper script to use in publishing to technology and its relationship to the nation (or community, bangsa).
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Md Yunus, Marzudi. "PENGARUH TURKI TERHADAP SOSIO-BUDAYA DUNIA MELAYU." Jurnal Pengajian Melayu 32, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jomas.vol32no1.4.

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Turkey is the heir to the Ottoman Islamic Caliphate, extending significant influence on Muslims worldwide. All aspects of the Turkish socio-culture will, directly and indirectly, influence the socio-culture of Muslims. This situation also applies to Muslims in Malaysia, specifically Malays. The influences range from political and administrative to cultural and artistic, and even the way of thinking. Research and analysis conducted towards the writings and historical texts proved that Turkish influence exists in the Malay world. For example, there is a Malay state administration modelled from the Ottoman Caliphate to advance it to synchronise with modern changes in the West. During the 1930s, Turkey’s modernisation drew Malay intellectuals’ attention, spreading the ideas through writing in newspapers and magazines. Developments in Turkey exposed the Malays to various polemics resulting from Kemal’s modernisation and secularisation when he led the Turkish government. For Malays, events in Turkey serve as lessons in their effort to develop their community towards progress in all aspects. Development in Turkey has also attracted various newspapers and magazines like ‘Pengasoh’, ‘Al-Ikhwan’, ‘Malaya’, ‘Majalah Guru’, ‘Al-Hedayah’, ‘Bahtra’ and ‘Saudara’. They celebrated Kemal establishing the Turkish republic and its various modernisation plans. Turkish influence was also pervasive in filmmaking, therefore, proving developments in Turkey influence various aspects of the Malay world. For Malays, events in Turkey serve as lessons and examples towards charting its progress in all aspects. Keywords: Turkey, Malay, Socio-Culture, Culture, Civilisation, Art.
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Abd Rahman, Mohd Farhan, Muhd Imran Abd Razak, Ahmad Firdaus Mohd Noor, Muhamad Khafiz Abdul Basir, and Nurul Khairiah Khalid. "The Stage of Western Orientalists Scholarly Studies in Islam: A review] Peringkat pendekatan kajian sarjana Orientalis Barat terhadap Islam: Satu analisis." Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 21, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2020.21.2.487.

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Majority of the orientalists adhere to the philosophy of logical empirical positivism, a belief that emphasizes on the total use of mind as a key approach to obtaining accurate scientific facts based on systematic and thorough method of research. This philosophy refuses to prove a fact using sources from the revelation because it is considered irrelevant in historical proof and has created biased and sceptical views about the Malay community in Malaya. This article focuses on the analysis of the orientalist approach in evaluating Islam, as well as the extent to which Islam influenced the lives of the people in Malaya. The author used historiography and comparative methods to analyse the orientalists’ views. The results showed that the orientalist thinking approach in evaluating Islam and its followers especially the Malay community presented a sceptical viewpoint, which has made each of these writings biased on a one-sided judgment and deviated from the historical development of the great Islamic civilization. This false judgement had emerged due to the weakness of the orientalists to understand the Muslims, especially the Malay community due to the European-centric thinking known as Euro-centrism. This thought elevated Europe as a great and civilized nation over other nations, the so-called "ambassador of civilization", and the saviour of all need-to-be civilized nations.
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Raman, M. Utaman, and Sivachandralingam Sundara Raja. "Indian Agent Involvement in the Establishment of Permanent Settlement for the South Indian Labouring Community, 1923–1941." Kajian Malaysia 39, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/km2021.39.2.5.

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This article investigates a long-neglected aspect of Indian Malaysian history, namely the Indian Agents of the Government of India to British Malaya. The Indian Agents were representatives of the Indian Government who were appointed under the Indian Immigration Act of 1922 to investigate and report on the state of affairs of Indian communities in the British colonies. The official duties of the Indian Agents in British Malaya were formalised under Section 73 (III) of the Labour Code 1923. Between 1923 and 1941, six Indian Agents were appointed in British Malaya. Throughout their tenure, they focused on and reported extensively on the socioeconomic conditions of the Indian working-class community, particularly south Indian labourers. One problem that came to their attention was the underdevelopment of the community’s permanent settlement in the country. The Federated Malay States (FMS) government did not appear to be concerned about the situation. Similarly, private estate managers reacted indifferently to the issue. Both saw permanent settlement as simply an economic measure to keep the community as a labour force, rather than a way to alleviate their socioeconomic hardships. This article shows how the Indian Agents were able to uncover a range of issues that were impeding the establishment of permanent settlements for south Indian labourers in the FMS. Some of them demonstrated exceptional levels of direct involvement. The article’s primary goal is to assess the degree to which the Indian Agents influenced the overall development of permanent Indian labour settlement.
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Ching-Hwang, Yen. "Class Structure and Social Mobility in the Chinese Community in Singapore and Malaya 1800–1911." Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 3 (July 1987): 417–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0000915x.

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The social history of the Chinese community in Singapore and Malaya in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries cannot be fully understood if aspects of class structure and social mobility are not examined. Of course, the social relations of the Chinese were principally determined by kinship and dialect ties, but they were also affected by class affiliations. Class status, like kinship and dialect relations distanted Chinese immigrants from one another. This paper seeks to examine the nature and structure of Chinese classes, class relations and the channels of social mobility in the Chinese community in Singapore and Malaya during the period between 1800 and 1911. The findings of this paper may be applicable to other overseas Chinese communities in the same period outside this region.
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Goh, Daniel P. S. "Unofficial contentions: The postcoloniality of Straits Chinese political discourse in the Straits Settlements Legislative Council." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 3 (September 7, 2010): 483–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463410000275.

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This paper reads the debates of the Straits Settlements Legislative Council to trace the political contentions over policies affecting the Chinese community in Malaya. These contentions brought the Straits Chinese unofficials to engage the racial ambivalence of British rule in Malaya, in which the Straits Chinese was located as both a liberal subject and an object of colonial difference. Contrary to conventional historiography which portrays Straits Chinese political identity as one of conservative loyalty to the Empire, I show that the Straits Chinese developed multiple and hybrid political identities that were postcolonial in character, which would later influence the politics of decolonisation and nation-building after the war.
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Ariffin, Nur Fatehah Raudhah, and Zeeda Fatimah Mohamad. "THE UNIVERSITY’S ROLE AS AN INTERMEDIARY FOR EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF KONDO RAKYAT." Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jbimpeagard.v1i1.3203.

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This paper discusses an effort carried out by the University of Malaya (UM) to engage with, facilitate and nurture sustainable development efforts in a neighbouring community. The Kondo Rakyat community in Pantai Dalam, Kuala Lumpur is five minutes away from the UM campus. It is a low-income urban community living in DBKL low-cost flats nestled within an upper middle-income neighbourhood of high-rise condominiums. Efforts were made to launch sustainability initiatives such as composting, the production of eco-enzymes, kitchen gardens and green bazaars with the hope that the community will be able to share the skills learnt and experience gained with other similar communities elsewhere. This paper will show that one of the most vital criteria in an effort such as this is the ability of the project leader to facilitate discussions between disparate collaborators so as to guide the project to some success.
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Krishnan, Parameswari, Azharudin Mohd Dali, Abdullah Zakaria Ghazali, and Shritharan Subramanian. "The History of Toddy Drinking and Its Effects on Indian Labourers in Colonial Malaya, 1900–1957." Asian Journal of Social Science 42, no. 3-4 (2014): 321–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04203006.

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At present, studies on the history of Indians in colonial Malaya have been described as one-dimensional, with the discussion mainly focusing on their arrival as immigrant groups and their involvement in the plantation sector. Other aspects of Indian history in colonial Malaya were not given proper emphasis, especially on matters considered taboo, such as those arising from toddy consumption. Even though it was acknowledged as a form of social ill, its history is rarely discussed. The introduction and supply of toddy in almost all estates at the time led to consequences that affected the quality of life of the estate labour community. This study, realising the situation, draws attention to the history of the development of toddy drinking and its effects among the Indian estate labourers in Malaya from 1900 to 1957. This study also highlights the reactions that existed on the issue of toddy and British action. In summary, this study seeks to prove that the over indulgence of toddy among Indian labourers developed at a rapid pace in Malaya, and not in India. The key information behind this situation is the growth of toddy shops in every plantation with Indian settlers, as well as British interests that wished to maintain a profitable industry, such as toddy.
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Tan, Miau Ing. "The “Unruly” Space: Tanjong Piandang, a Pirates’ Haven to a Fishing Village." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 16, no. 2 (October 21, 2022): 126–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-16020002.

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Abstract Tanjong Piandang is a Chinese fishing village in Krian, Perak, Malaysia. It first appeared in Anderson’s work in 1824 as a favorite resort for pirates. The people in Tanjong Piandang had the reputation of being a lawless and turbulent lot, and the British colonial government tried to demolish the settlement twice by burning it down after riots. Each time, villagers gathered together and rebuilt their houses. This paper investigates how the colonial government tried to maintain law and order in this space, and the local resistance that attempted, though ultimately failed, to keep the colonial power out their village. Most of the studies on the grassroots resistance against British rule in Malaya are concentrated on the local Malay communities, not on the Chinese who are considered as a migrant community. Therefore, Tanjong Piandang is a good case study of Chinese resistance against the British.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community development Malaya"

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Phua, Kai Hong. "The development of health services in Malaya and Singapore 1867-1960." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339725.

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Alufandika, Dina. "Appraisal of community-based childcare practices in rural Malawi: the case of Malili traditional authority area, Lilongwe District." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005968.

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The government of Malawi established the community based childcare (CBCC) programme with the aim of addressing early childhood problems and achieve national development in the long run. The CBCC programme, as one of the approaches to early childhood development (ECD), is guided by the national early childhood development policy. It promotes some practices that somehow deviate from the traditional childcare ways that communities have always known. Experience has shown that programmes that have elements of conflict with commonly held beliefs are bound to meet with resistance in society. The study employed a mini survey, focus group discussion, observation and document review to understand how the CBCC childcare practices in Malili intersect with commonly held beliefs about childcare as well as how they reflect on the national ECD policy. The study also focused on understanding the perceptions of community members on the CBCC programme. The study revealed that while some aspects of CBCC delivery conform to commonly held beliefs about childcare in the area under study, others diverge from such beliefs. Such convergence and divergence appear to be in line with the propositions of transformalist globalisation theory- one of the perspectives adopted for the study. The study also found that care practices at CBCC are not a true reflection of the national ECD policy as community members’ perceptions, poor community participation, poverty and lack of caregiver training in ECD contribute towards poor quality of care in CBCC, contrary to what is defined in the national ECD policy. The study also found that while both CBCC caregivers and sampled community members perceived the quality of care at the centers as poor, caregivers had a more positive perception towards the CBCC than community members. The study indicated that CBCC are centres of desperation for low economic status communities. Findings from the research have revealed that cultural values and commonly held beliefs, and exposure to new knowledge through globalisation play a role in determining childcare practices as well as perceptions towards them. In this sense the study has indicated that meanings that communities attach to development interventions influence their actions and perceptions towards it.
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Simwaka, Rodin Rams Kapelele Atughanire. "The impact of decentralisation on participatory development in the Nsanje district of Malawi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021206.

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This research investigated the impact of decentralisation on participatory development in the Nsanje District of Malawi from 2009 to 2014. Existing challenges in realising effective participation were identified by acquiring information from documents at three spheres of government, namely local, district and national. The literature explains decentralisation and local government; the theories of state-local relations; the nature, types and determinants of participation; the legislative framework of local government; and decentralisation reforms being implemented in Malawi. A descriptive approach was used in the study, with the emphasis on collecting data from primary sources such as minutes, reports, newspapers, and secondary sources such as the District Council and local government department records, books, academic journals, completed and unpublished post-graduate research theses, and legislation. From the acquired information, a number of recommendations are made to deal with various challenges faced to achieve effective participatory development in the District.
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Chinkonda, Sosten Sylvester Joseph. "Assessment of the role of traditional leadership in facilitating community development in rural Malaw." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004907.

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The study was carried out to assess the extent to which the intervention of traditional leaders is effective in mobilising support for community development projects and to examine the perceptions that communities have about the role of the traditional leaders in development projects. The study has been guided by the critique of neoliberalism which exposes the negative effects of implementing the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in Third World countries. The literature that has been reviewed has looked at the historical and political background of the role of chiefs and other traditional leaders in order to assess the nature of participation that is promoted through their involvement in development projects. An overview of the neo-liberal prescription and its critique has been made in order to expose the effects of the oil embargo of 1973 and the debt crisis of the 1980s on the economies of Third World countries in general and Malawi in particular. On the basis of evidence which has been gathered through a survey and focus group discussion, the study has found that the intervention of traditional leaders is very effective in mobilising communities for development projects. It has further been established that communities have high regard for their traditional leaders and that they perceive them as crucial role players in the conception and implementation of development projects. The study has however established that traditional leaders use unorthodox means such as threats of punishment to solicit the cooperation of the community members which in essence is counterproductive to the participatory approach to development.
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Munthali, Spy Mbiriyawaka. "An institutional analysis of community and home based care and support for HIV/AIDS sufferers in rural households in Malawi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002719.

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Standard economic models often emphasize inputs, outputs and an examination of the structures in order to conduct an economic performance evaluation. This study applies the Institutional and Development Framework (IAD) in the broader context of New Institutional Economics (NIE) in order to examine the transaction costs of delivering Community and Home Based Care and Support (CHBC) to HIV/AIDS sufferers. For purposes of unveiling the empirical reality guiding decision making processes in the CHBC service delivery, comparative qualitative research techniques of normative variable and concept formation have been adopted to draw out the relative institutional influences from the HIV/AIDS national response partnerships. The study identifies the conflict between the predominantly standardized and more rigid formal management techniques adopted by key members of the national response and the informal cultural techniques familiar to the rural communities, and a lack of motivational incentives in the CHBC structures as the key factors against CHBC capacities to draw external funding for service delivery. CHBCs are also weakened by incoherent governance structures at the district level for facilitation of funding and information flow exacerbating the community vulnerability. Rationalization of the institutional arrangements and a clarification of roles from district to community levels, a shift of focus to facilitation of informal techniques and an integration of performance enhancing incentives are the critical policy insights envisaged to spur CHBCs to work better.
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Manda, Levi Zeleza. "Gender discourse and Malawian rural communities: a study of the meaning the people of traditional authority Likoswe of Chiradzulo make from human rights and gender messages." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002910.

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Contrary to earlier beliefs and media theories such as the hypodermic needle or magic bullet, the audience of public communication is not a passive homogenous mass that easily succumbs to media influence. The audience is active, that is, it makes an effort to interpret media content. Depending on predisposing cultural, political, religious, or economic factors the audience makes different meanings from media texts. Media messages are not wholly controlled by producers, although the producers have their preferred and expected readings. Using qualitative research techniques associated with ethnographic and cultural studies (notably focus group discussions), this study sought to explore the meanings rural people in Malawi make out of human rights and gender messages broadcast on radio and through music. Interpreted against Stuart Hall's (1974b) Encoding and Decoding model, the study concludes that while rural communities understand and appreciate the new sociopolitical discourse, they take a negotiated stance because they have their own doubts and fears. They fear losing their cultural identity. Additionally, men, in particular, negotiate the messages because they fear losing their social power over land, property and family.
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Kark, Daniel History &amp Philosophy Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Equivocal empire: British community development in Central Africa, 1945-55." Publisher:University of New South Wales. History & Philosophy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41225.

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This thesis resituates the Community Development programme as the key social intervention attempted by the British Colonial Office in Africa in the late 1940s and early 1950s. A preference for planning, growing confidence in metropolitan intervention, and the gradualist determination of Fabian socialist politicians and experts resulted in a programme that stressed modernity, progressive individualism, initiative, cooperative communities and a new type of responsible citizenship. Eventual self-rule would be well-served by this new contract between colonial administrations and African citizens. The thesis focuses on the implementation of the Mass Education programme in Nyasaland, and, more specifically, on a small but significant Mass Education scheme at Domasi, that operated between 1949 and 1954 in Nyasaland??s south. The political and social context in which the Mass Education scheme was implemented in Nyasaland is important. The approach taken by the government of the Protectorate before the mid-1940s is discussed, and previous welfare interventions described and critically assessed. The initial approach to Mass Education in Nyasaland is also dwelt upon in some detail. The narrative concentrates upon the scheme itself. Three themes emerge and are discussed successively ?? the provision of social services adapted to the perceived needs of Africans, the enforcement of environmental restrictions and inappropriate social and agricultural models, and the attempted introduction of representative local government. All three interventions were intended to promote the precepts of Mass Education, but instead resulted in the extension of state administrative power. The manner in which this occurred is explored throughout the thesis. Mass Education at Domasi did not result in the creation of a new form of citizenship in Nyasaland. It contributed instead to a breakdown in the narrative of social development and eventual self-rule that had legitimised British rule. The riots that occurred in 1953 tore at the precepts that underpinned the Mass Education programme. The immediacy of self-rule and independence resulted in a shift in emphasis within the Colonial Office and the colonial government in Nyasaland from social intervention and to constitutional reform and political development. There simultaneously emerged a new rural transcript, one that privileged open opposition to the colonial social prescription over subtle and hidden rural resistance. At a time when nationalist politics was in disarray in Nyasaland, rural Africans spoke back to colonial power.
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Msusa, Judith Mbumba. "The role of local institutions in climate change adaptation in Salima District, Malawi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018648.

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Climate change is now real. Both scholars and scientists agree that the earth‟s climate is changing and therefore argue that developing countries of Africa and Asia, which are considered to be especially vulnerable because of their overdependence on climate sensitive resources and low adaptive capacity, should focus on adaptation programmes to build the capacity of affected communities to adapt to and cope with the effects of climatic change. But climate change adaptation programmes do not happen in a vacuum. Among other things they require proper institutional frameworks to succeed. The study therefore analyzed climatic events affecting Salima district in Malawi, the causes and effects of these climatic events, the nature and role of various institutions in climate change adaptation programmes in the district and the institutional coordination of players at different levels. The study findings reveal that the major climatic events affecting Salima district are droughts, floods, dry spells and hailstorms. Various institutions supporting and implementing climate change adaptation programmes and their roles are also highlighted. The study findings further reveals that weak coordination between institutions at all levels (national, district and community) is one of the challenges affecting effective implementation of climate change programmes. The study recommendations have therefore emphasized the need to review and strengthen climate change management structures at all levels.
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Katani, Jacob. "Towards sustainable rural living : a theological critique on periphery-centre relations in Malawi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20299.

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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation presents the conscientization of the people in the rural areas, on how the church in Malawi as a community-based organisation can be an effective vehicle in bringing change in their livelihoods. It is an endeavour to answer the question: How can the Church as a community-based organization respond to community challenges in order to be an effective vehicle for community development and sustainable rural living in the light of the problem of urbanization? The researcher argues that, if the Church can take a deliberate part, in helping people in self-development and bringing a positive impact on their lives in responding to community challenges, livelihoods can be positively changed. Chapter one: The first chapter is an introduction of this dissertation and it presents the goals of undertaking this study. It emphasises the fact that urbanization has become a big challenge in developing countries such as Malawi, leading people to flock to the cities, hoping to find an easy life, where they instead find life very difficult. Many people, who have migrated to the cities, find it difficult to meet their daily basic needs, due to lack of access to income. The church as a community-based organisation has a role to play in helping to bring a positive impact, on the people for the betterment of their own life. If the church can play an active role in unlocking awareness in people in the rural areas to not migrate to squalid urban settings, the desire to move to the cities can be minimized. Chapter two: The second chapter briefly describes the context of this research. It presents a brief discussion of the historical background of the church of Nkhoma Synod CCAP. It also gives a brief explanation of the country of Malawi and its geographical location. Along with this general historical background, the chapter draws an exclusive attention to the major contributions of the church to the community, and the unique role that it played in bringing change in the developing countries like Malawi. Through its holistic approach the church reached many people in the communities, and also its emphasis on community development made a major contribution to civic life in the rural as well as urban areas. Chapter three: The third chapter discusses the poverty situation and the Malawian church existence in this context. It further presents the problems that are caused by poverty in the communities, including the challenges posed by the prevalence of HIV/AIDS which Malawi as one of the developing countries is facing due to urbanisation. The church has a huge role to play to the community in regards to community development. Chapter four: Chapter four deals with the specific role of the Church in sustainable development, and it explores the importance of rural sustainability in sustainable development. The church by nature is missional and has been called to serve the triune God, and it needs to participate in sustainable development which reflects God‟s reign in the world, for it has the nature of serving God. It has been given the task to take care of the community, and its role is to place itself with the poor in taking the responsibility of identifying and dealing with the forces that are destroying the communities, in order to bring change. The chapter also deals with how the church can sensitize people living in rural areas, and the importance of staying in the rural areas rather than migrating to urban areas. The terms like "Sustainable development", "Community development" have been defined in order to appreciate on how the church as a community-based organization can indeed be an effective vehicle in community development, and help to create a sustainable rural living. The church has a unique role to play in community development. Chapter five: This chapter gives a careful contextual analysis of rural-urban areas, the challenges that the people in those communities are facing and what should be done in a sustainable rural living. It also discusses and explores on how the church as a community-based organization can be an effective vehicle to Community Development and sustainable rural living. In order to help raise the level of awareness of rural sustainability in human beings, especially those living in rural areas, this chapter has also carefully investigated the factors which attract people to migrate to urban areas and find out the solutions to these challenges. Lastly in order to understand how the church in Malawi as a community-based organization can be an effective vehicle in community development, the chapter has developed a theory of the four steps. These four steps are: Conscientization, Empowerment, Participation and Sustainability. In this chapter it has been emphasized as to how the church could/should engage with the people in order to be an effective vehicle to a sustainable rural living and help people in self-development and bringing a positive impact on their lives. Chapter six: The final chapter summarizes the whole discussion on this study. The study emphasizes the fact that, if the Church can take a deliberate part, in helping people in self-development and bringing a positive impact on their lives, livelihoods can be positively changed. If the church in Malawi, Nkhoma Synod, can take part in conscientizing the people in the rural areas to the importance and advantages of living in the rural, the number of the people migrating to cities can be reduced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie skripsie handel oor die bewusmaking van Malawiërs in die landelike gebiede en oor hoe die kerk in Malawi, as 'n gemeenskap-gebaseerde organisasie, 'n effektiewe voertuig van verandering in hulle lewensbestaan kan wees. Dit is 'n poging om die vraag te beantwoord: Hoe kan die kerk, as 'n gemeenskap-gebaseerde organisasie, reageer op die gemeenskapuitdagings om 'n effektiewe voertuig vir die ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap te word en volhoubare landelike voortbestaan bevorder? Die navorser betoog dat indien die kerk doelbewus kan meewerk om mense te help met self-ontwikkeling wat 'n positiewe impak op hul lewens in landelike gebiede sal hê, dan sal lewensbestaan ten goede verander. Hoofstuk een: Die eerste hoofstuk is 'n inleiding tot hierdie betoog en bespreek die doelwitte van hierdie studie. Dit beklemtoon die feit dat verstedeliking 'n groot uitdaging is in die ontwikkelende lande soos Malawi. Mense stroom na die stede met die hoop op 'n makliker lewe, maar vind dan dat hulle nie in hul basiese behoeftes kan voorsien nie by gebrek aan toegang tot inkomste. Die kerk, as 'n gemeenskap-gebaseerde organisasie, kan 'n rol speel om te help om 'n positiewe impak te maak en verandering te bring in hierdie mense se bestaan. As die kerk 'n aktiewe rol kan speel in die bewusmaking en ontwikkeling van mense in die landelike gebiede kan die hunkering van mense om te migreer na die stede beperk word. Hoofstuk Twee: Die tweede hoofstuk beskryf die konteks van hierdie navorsing. Dit behels 'n kort bespreking van die historiese agtergrond van die kerk van Nkhoma Sinode CCAP, ook inligting oor Malawi en sy geografiese ligging. Klem word gelê op die groot invloed van die kerk op die gemeenskap en die unieke rol wat dit in die verlede gespeel het om verandering in die ontwikkelende lande soos Malawi te bring. Deur sy holistiese benadering en klem op ontwikkeling het die kerk baie mense bereik en 'n belangrike bydrae tot die burgerlike lewe in landelike sowel as stedelike gemeenskappe gemaak. Hoofstuk Drie: Die derde hoofstuk bespreek die armoede-situasie waarbinne die Malawiese kerk himself bevind, insluitende die voorkoms van MIV / Vigs wat Malawi in die gesig staar as gevolg van verstedeliking. Die kerk het 'n groot taak met betrekking tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Hoofstuk vier: Hoofstuk vier handel oor die spesifieke rol van die Kerk in volhoubare ontwikkeling en ondersoek die belangrikheid van landelike volhoubaarheid in volhoubare ontwikkeling. Die kerk behoort van nature missionêr op te tree, aangesien die kerk geroep is om die Drie-enige God te dien. Volhoubare ontwikkeling moet deel wees hiervan. Dit behoort die versorging van die gemeenskap en identifisering van die probleme van armoede in die gemeenskap in te sluit, ten einde die vernietiging van die gemeenskap teen te werk. Hierdie hoofstuk handel ook oor hoe die kerk mense wat in landelike gebiede woon kan sensitiseer en bewus maak van die belangrikheid daarvan om nie na stedelike gebiede te trek nie. Die terme "volhoubare ontwikkeling" en "gemeenskapsontwikkeling" is omskryf om te bevestig hoe die kerk, as 'n gemeenskap-gebaseerde organisasie, 'n effektiewe instrument in die ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap kan wees om volhoubare landelike bestaan te bevorder. Die kerk het 'n unieke rol te speel in die ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap. Hoofstuk vyf: Hierdie hoofstuk gee 'n versigtige kontekstuele analise van landelik-stedelike gebiede, die uitdagings wat die mense in daardie gemeenskappe in die gesig staar en wat gedoen moet word met die oog op volhoubare landelike lewe. Dit bespreek en ondersoek ook hoe die kerk, as 'n gemeenskap-gebaseerde organisasie, 'n effektiewe voertuig kan wees tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling en volhoubare landelike bestaan. Ten einde te help om die vlak van bewustheid van landelike volhoubaarheid in mense te verhoog, veral dié in landelike gebiede, is in hierdie hoofstuk noukeurig ondersoek gedoen na die faktore wat mense lok om te migreer na stedelike gebiede. So kan die oplossings vir hierdie uitdagings gevind word. Ten slotte, om te verstaan hoe die kerk in Malawi, as 'n gemeenskap-gebaseerde organisasie, kan 'n effektiewe voertuig in die ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap kan wees, word in hierdie hoofstuk 'n teorie van vier stappe ontwikkel, nl. Bewusmaking, Bemagtiging, Deelname en Volhoubaarheid. In hierdie hoofstuk word beklemtoon hoe die kerk kan / moet betrokke raak ten einde 'n effektiewe instrument van volhoubare landelike lewe te wees en mense te help in self-ontwikkeling. Hoofstuk ses: Die laaste hoofstuk bevat 'n opsomming van hierdie studie. Die studie beklemtoon die feit dat, indien die kerk doelbewus kan deelneem om mense te help in selfontwikkeling en 'n positiewe impak op hul lewens bring, lewens positief kan verander. As die kerk in Malawi, Nkhoma Sinode, kan deelneem aan die bewusmaking van mense in die landelike gebiede van die belangrikheid en voordele van die lewe daar, kan die getal mense wat na die stede migreer verminder word.
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Njoloma, Eugenio. "A study of intra-African relations an analysis of the factors informing the foreign policy of Malawi towards Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003028.

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There has been only limited scholarly analysis of Malawi’s foreign policy since its independence in 1964 with key texts focusing primarily on the early years of the new state. Perhaps due to its relatively small stature – economically, politically and militarily – in the region, very little attention has been paid to the factors informing Malawi’s apparently uncritical foreign policy response to the Zimbabwe crisis since it began in the late 1990s. This thesis addresses this deficit by locating its understanding of Malawi’s contemporary foreign policy towards Zimbabwe in the broader historical and contemporary context of bilateral relations between the two states and the multilateral forum of SADCC and SADC. It is argued that the Malawi’s long-standing quest for socio-economic development has forced it to manoeuvre a pragmatic but sometimes contentious foreign policy path. This was also evident until the end of the Cold War and the concomitant demise of apartheid in South Africa in the early 1990s. Malawi forged deliberate diplomatic and economic relations with the region’s white-ruled Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) and South Africa in pursuit of its national economic interests while the majority of southern African states collectively sought the liberation of the region by facilitating the independence of Zimbabwe and countering South Africa’s apartheid and regional destabilization policies. In the contemporary era, there has been a convergence of foreign policy ambitions in the region and Malawi now coordinates its regional foreign policy within the framework of SADC, which itself prioritizes the attainment of socio-economic development. However, to understand Malawi’s response to the Zimbabwe crisis only in the context of SADC’s “quiet diplomacy” mediation efforts obscures important historically rooted socioeconomic and political factors that have informed relations between Malawi and Zimbabwe and which cannot, it is argued, be ignored if a holistic understanding of Malawi’s position is to be sought. This study argues that the nature of historical ties between Malawi and Zimbabwe and the role of Malawi’s leaders in driving its long-standing quest for socioeconomic development have not only informed its overall foreign policy behaviour in the region but underpin its contemporary relations with Zimbabwe.
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Books on the topic "Community development Malaya"

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Chilowa, Wycliffe. MASAF Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) impact assessment: Final report. Lilongwe]: Malawi Social Action Fund, 2001.

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Malawi Social Action Fund Project. Beneficiary assessment. Lilongwe: MASAF Management Unit, 1997.

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Malawi Social Action Fund Project. Malawi Social Action Fund (MASAF) phase 1: A review of aims and achievements, 1995-2001. Lilongwe, Malawi: MASAF, 2002.

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Malawi Social Action Fund Project. MASAF public works projects-conditional cash transfer: Citizen feedback on performance and implementation of the Drought Response Program. Lilongwe?]: Malawi Social Action Fund, 2006.

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Development, Malawi Ministry of Economic Planning and. Programme document: Joint programme support for strengthening the national monitoring and evaluation systems in Malawi. Lilongwe: Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, 2012.

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Samah, Bahaman Abu. Media dan pengembangan pertanian ke arah memperkasakan komuniti luar bandar. Edited by Jegak Uli and Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2009.

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Malawi Social Action Fund Project., ed. The quiet revolution: Malawi Social Action Fund, 1995-2005. Lilongwe: Central Africana Ltd. on behalf of MASAF, 2006.

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Churches Development Conference (3rd 1987 Nathenje Residential Training Centre). A report of the 1987 Churches Development Conference, held at Nathenje Residential Training Centre, from 20th-28th October. [Limbe, Malawi]: The Dept., 1987.

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CSC/Donor Consultation (1986 Blantyre, Malawi). A report of CSC/Donor Consultation held at Mount Soche Hotel, Blantyre, Malawi, 29th April-2nd May 1986. Limbe, Malawi: CSC, 1986.

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Bosworth, Joanne. Estates in the rural community: A pilot case study of the impact of estate sector development in an area of customary land. Lilongwe, Malawi: Estate Land Utilisation Study, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Community development Malaya"

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "Sustainability Dimensions of Marine Park Community Development in Malaysia." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 59–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_5.

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "Introduction." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 1–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_1.

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "An Overview of Global Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with a Special Reference to Malaysia." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 7–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_2.

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in Malaysia." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 27–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_3.

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "Economic, Social, and Environmental Significance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 45–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_4.

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "Major Challenges to Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 79–100. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_6.

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "Collaborative Management: A New Proposition for Sustainable Development of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 101–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_7.

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Masud, Muhammad Mehedi. "An Integrated Management Policy Framework for Sustainable Community Development and Conservation of Marine Resources." In Conservation of Marine Resources and Sustainable Coastal Community Development in Malaysia, 117–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9730-1_8.

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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts, and Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2565–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_127.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This chapter reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.
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Wild, Robert, Moses Egaru, Mark Ellis-Jones, Barbara Nakangu Bugembe, Ahmed Mohamed, Obadiah Ngigi, Gertrude Ogwok, Jules Roberts, and Sophie Kutegeka. "Using Inclusive Finance to Significantly Scale Climate Change Adaptation." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_127-1.

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AbstractReversing land degradation and achieving ecosystem restoration and management are routes to climate change adaptation and mitigation. The financial resources to achieve this are increasingly available. A major challenge is the absence of scalable mechanisms that can incentivize rapid change for rural communities at the decade-long time scale needed to respond to the climate emergency. Despite moves toward inclusive green finance (IGF), a major structural gap remains between the funding available and the unbankable small-scale producers who are stewards of ecosystems. This paper reports on inclusive finance that can help fill this gap and incentivizes improved ecosystem stewardship, productivity, and wealth creation. A key feature is the concept of eco-credit to build ecosystem management and restorative behaviors into loan terms. Eco-credit provides an approach for overcoming income inequality within communities to enhance the community-level ecosystem governance and stewardship. The paper discusses the experience of implementing the Community Environment Conservation Fund (CECF) over a 8-year-period from 2012. The CECF addresses the unbankable 80% of community members who cannot access commercial loans, has c. 20,000 users in Uganda and pilots in Malawi, Kenya, and Tanzania. The model is contextualized alongside complementary mechanisms that can also incentivize improved ecosystem governance as well as engage and align communities, government, development partners, and the private sector. This complementary infrastructure includes commercial eco-credit as exemplified by the Climate Smart Lending Platform, and the community finance of the Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) model upon which CECF builds. The paper describes the technologies and climate finance necessary for significant scale-up.
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Conference papers on the topic "Community development Malaya"

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Chapakiya, Suraiya. "Syllable Structure of Patani Malay Dialect: An Analysis Using Autosegmental Theory." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.154.

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Wahyudi. "Social Exchange Network in Peasant Movement of Kalibakar, South Malang." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.169.

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Prihartini, Indah, Sutawi, Septi Nur Wulan Mulatmi, and Nadya Aulia Eka Wahyuni. "Analysis of Customer Satisfaction on Probiotic Plus Biofarm Products in Malang District." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.077.

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Natsir, Mokhammad, Boge Triatmanto, and Nanik Wahyuni. "Confirmatory Analysis of Competency Improvement of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malang, Indonesia." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.101.

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Sunuyeko, Nurcholis, and Winin Maulidya Saffanah. "Nationalism and Citizenship Perception in Ex-East Timor Students at IKIP Budi Utomo Malang." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.118.

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Sudiar, Sonny. "Societal Security as an Alternative Approach for Development in Indonesia-Malaysia Border Area in North Kalimantan." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.146.

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Mukarom. "Symbolic Violence Against Private School: A Case Study of New Students Enrolment System (PPDB) in Malang City." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.105.

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Pujiharti, Yulita, Amanah Agustin, and Loesita Sari. "Improving the Quality of Learning Accounting Through Contextual Cooperative Learning Model in Students of Economic Program in IKIP Budi Utomo Malang 2019." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.176.

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Yahmin and Puspita Pebri Setiani. "Profile of High Order Thinking Skills of Students in Sociology Learning at IKIP Budi Utomo Malang as the Basis for E -Evaluation Development." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.171.

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Syahri, M. "Developing Students' Environmental Attitude through Malang Waste Bank Program." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccd-19.2019.80.

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Reports on the topic "Community development Malaya"

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Bolton, Laura. Synthesis of Work by the Covid Collective. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.001.

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Overview: This report looked across Covid Collective outputs and grouped findings into three sections. Section 2) Pandemic response; Section 3) Increased marginalisation; and Section 4) Emergent outcomes. Section 4 describes outcomes, both positive and negative, which evolved and were more unpredictable in nature. Pandemic response: Findings on national response highlight shortfalls in national government actions in Bangladesh, Malawi, the Philippines, Yemen, and Syria. Emergency law responses have, in some cases, led states to exert powers with no legal basis. In transitioning economies, state militarisation is having negative effects on constitutionalism and peacebuilding. Lack of trust in state security institutions is identified as an issue in Yemen. Improved consultation between the community, government and security institutions is needed. From a micro perspective, lockdowns were found to hit households close to subsistence the hardest bringing restrictions in to question with regards to welfare choices. Regional responses had different features (outlined in section 2). It is suggested for future research to look at how regional responses have changed interactions between regional and global organisations. The Islamic Development Bank, for example, helped function as a redistribution pool to improve inequalities between country capacities in the Middle East. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) supported accurate information reporting. International response with regard to vaccination is falling short in terms of equality between developed and developing economies. World Bank response is questioned for being insufficient in quantity and inefficient in delivery.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Breakthrough RESEARCH—Social and Behavior Change Costing Community of Practice Series Brief #4: Social and behavior change costs associated with insecticide treated bed net distribution for malaria prevention. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1079.

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Breakthrough RESEARCH is gathering, analyzing, and sharing evidence on the costs and impact of social and behavior change (SBC) interventions to support the case that investing in SBC is crucial for improving health and advancing development. A review of the SBC costing literature identified 147 studies on SBC costs, methodological shortcomings, and knowledge gaps that can be addressed in new SBC costing studies. To address these gaps, Breakthrough RESEARCH issued the “Guidelines for Costing of Social and Behavior Change Health Interventions,” which lays out 17 principles for conducting high-quality costing studies. This brief complements the guidelines and highlights important issues and practices for SBC costing. Ensuring access to malaria prevention, such as insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), is an important pillar in the global strategy to eradicate malaria. By promoting uptake and continued and correct use of ITNs, SBC interventions play a critical role during ITN distribution. Understanding the SBC costs embedded within broader program costs is useful for program planners to ensure that enough funding is allocated for SBC. This brief reviews the existing knowledge on SBC costs within ITN distribution campaigns and provides guidance for future costing studies.
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