Journal articles: 'Community-based surveillance system'

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Rahmasari, Farida Hastuti, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, and Kusworo Adi. "Community-Based Surveillance Information System for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (Pulmonary TB)." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 5, no. 5 (2020): 1356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.55.4.

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Moscardelli, Silvana, Rashmi Joshee, and Amanda Roberts-Douma. "Where Diabetes Surveillance and Community-based Programs Meet: Lessons from the Alberta Diabetes Surveillance System." Canadian Journal of Diabetes 32, no. 4 (January 2008): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1499-2671(08)24249-8.

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Ahmed, Alawia El Amin Mohammed, and Igbal A. Mageed Ahmed. "Nutrition surveillance in the Sudan: a community-based approach." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1996.2.2.229.

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In 1992, a pilot project for collecting information on the socioeconomic and nutritional status of children and their mothers as part of the early warning system was implemented in two villages in Kassala Province, Sudan. The objectives were to test the feasibility of local participation in socioeconomic and nutritional data collection, analysis and utilization;and to incorporate socioeconomic data into the food and nutrition information system, and examine its usefulness in early warning. The pilot project also included the introduction of new parameters such as adult anthropometry, i. e. body mass index of the mothers of the children seen, to monitor the nutritional status of both children and their mothers at the same time. This led to very interesting results which played a major role in determining the type of intervention needed

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Hatamabadi, Hamid Reza, Reza Vafaee, Mashianeh Haddadi, Ali Abdalvand, and Hamid Soori. "Necessity of an Integrated Road Traffic Injuries Surveillance System: A Community-Based Study." Traffic Injury Prevention 12, no. 4 (August 2011): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2011.566656.

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Gu, Xinyi, and Chengzhang Qu. "A Study of Community Surveillance System Improvement based on ResNet Person Re-identification." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1575 (June 2020): 012231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1575/1/012231.

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Chowdhury, Salim Mahmud, Abu Taleb, and Fazlur Rahman. "944 Falls related injuries in Bangladesh: experiences from a community-based surveillance system." Injury Prevention 22, Suppl 2 (September 2016): A336.1—A336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.944.

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Klenyuie, W. K. "Evaluation of community-based surveillance system pilot, Ketu South Municipality, Ghana, 2017–2018." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.955.

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HARCOURT, S. E., J. FLETCHER, P. LOVERIDGE, A. BAINS, R. MORBEY, A. YEATES, B. McCLOSKEY, et al. "Developing a new syndromic surveillance system for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 12 (August 15, 2012): 2152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001781.

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SUMMARYSyndromic surveillance is vital for monitoring public health during mass gatherings. The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games represents a major challenge to health protection services and community surveillance. In response to this challenge the Health Protection Agency has developed a new syndromic surveillance system that monitors daily general practitioner out-of-hours and unscheduled care attendances. This new national system will fill a gap identified in the existing general practice-based syndromic surveillance systems by providing surveillance capability of general practice activity during evenings/nights, over weekends and public holidays. The system will complement and supplement the existing tele-health phone line, general practitioner and emergency department syndromic surveillance systems. This new national system will contribute to improving public health reassurance, especially to meet the challenges of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

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KIM, SHIN Y., ROGER ROCHAT, ABEL RAJARATNAM, and ANN DIGIROLAMO. "EVALUATING COMPLETENESS OF MATERNAL MORTALITY REPORTING IN A RURAL HEALTH AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS UNIT IN VELLORE, INDIA, 2004." Journal of Biosocial Science 41, no. 2 (March 2009): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932008003064.

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SummaryHealth systems in developing countries infrequently implement and evaluate maternal death surveillance. This study identified under-reported and misclassified maternal deaths among women of reproductive age between 1999 and 2004 in a rural service unit in Vellore, India. In-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews and structured questionnaires were used to identify maternal deaths known to health care providers and community leaders who regularly come in contact with pregnant women. Eighteen under-reported and misclassified cases – or 50% of maternal deaths – were reported. These included 29% of abortion-related and 7% of domestic violence-related deaths. Based on this study’s fieldwork, the existing death surveillance system detected 100% of the maternal deaths reported by hospital staff; however, it missed most maternal deaths reported by community workers. The latter are more likely than deaths reported by hospital workers to result from abortion and family violence. The existing surveillance system should be augmented with a community-based death surveillance system. This comprehensive approach identified twice as many maternal deaths than previously recorded and could be applied in other settings. Appropriate public health interventions should be initiated to prevent maternal deaths in this community.

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Jalloh, Mohamed F., Paul Sengeh, Nyuma James, Saiku Bah, Mohammad B. Jalloh, Katharine Owen, Samuel Abu Pratt, et al. "Integrated digital system for community engagement and community-based surveillance during the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone: lessons for future health emergencies." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003936.

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Community engagement and community-based surveillance are essential components of responding to infectious disease outbreaks, but real-time data reporting remains a challenge. In the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone, the Social Mobilisation Action Consortium was formed to scale-up structured, data-driven community engagement. The consortium became operational across all 14 districts and supported an expansive network of 2500 community mobilisers, 6000 faith leaders and 42 partner radio stations. The benefit of a more agile digital reporting system became apparent within few months of implementing paper-based reporting given the need to rapidly use the data to inform the fast-evolving epidemic. In this paper, we aim to document the design, deployment and implementation of a digital reporting system used in six high transmission districts. We highlight lessons learnt from our experience in scaling up the digital reporting system during an unprecedented public health crisis. The lessons learnt from our experience in Sierra Leone have important implications for designing and implementing similar digital reporting systems for community engagement and community-based surveillance during public health emergencies.

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A. G, S. Fakhar, A. Fauzan K, M. Saad H, R. Affendi H, and K. H. Fen. "Development of a portable community video surveillance system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1814-1821.

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In 2016, a crime rate has been evidently increasing particularly in Kuala Lumpur areas, including reports on house break-ins, car thefts, motorcycle thefts and robbery. One way of deterring such cases is by installing CCTV monitoring system in premises such as houses or shops, but this usually requires expensive equipment and installation fees. In this paper a cheaper alternative of a portable community video surveillance system running on Raspberry Pi 3 utilizing OpenCV is presented. The system will detect motion based on image subtraction algorithm and immediately inform users when intruders are detected by sending a live video feed to a Telegram group chat, as well as sound the buzzer alarm on the Raspberry Pi. Additionally, any Telegram group members can request images and recorded videos from the system at any time by sending a get request in Telegram which will be handled by Telegram Bot. This system uses the Pi NoIR camera module as the image acquisition device equipped with a 36 LED infrared illuminator for night vision capability. In addition to the Python language, OpenCV, a computer vision simulation from Intel is also used for image processing tasks. The performance analysis of the completed system is also presented computational complexity while offering improved flexibility. The performance time is also presented, where the whole process is run with a noticeable 3 seconds delay in getting the final output.

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Ekegren, Christina L., Belinda J. Gabbe, Alex Donaldson, Jill Cook, David Lloyd, and Caroline F. Finch. "Injuries in community-level Australian football: Results from a club-based injury surveillance system." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 18, no. 6 (November 2015): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.390.

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Alba, Sandra, Manuel W. Hetzel, Rose Nathan, Mathew Alexander, and Christian Lengeler. "Assessing the impact of malaria interventions on morbidity through a community-based surveillance system." International Journal of Epidemiology 40, no. 2 (January 6, 2011): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq240.

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HARDY, ROBERT J., GENE D. SCHRODER, SHARON P. COOPER, PATRICIA A. BUFFLER, HOWARD M. PRICHARD, and MARTIN CRANE. "A SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING HEALTH EFFECTS FROM HAZARDOUS EXPOSURES." American Journal of Epidemiology 132, supp1 (July 1, 1990): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115786.

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Abstract A statistical procedure for monitoring the health status of a community potentially exposed to a hazardous environment is presented. It utilizes two levels of investigation. Level I studies monitor routinely collected vital statistics and routes of community exposure whereas level II studies require additional data collection and are further distinguished by their design and duration. In a level I study, routine vital statistics for specified end points over a specified period of time are monitored, and the observed number of events is compared with the expected number of events for a given population. The statistical model used with this procedure employs a two-step decision rule based on the standardized mortality ratio for the study community. An “alert status” is invoked when the number of events exceeds a prescribed excess. An “action status” is indicated if the excess noted in the initial period persists or if the observed number of events in the initial period greatly exceeds expectation. Should an “action status” be justified, level II studies to determine the likely explanation for the significant excess are initiated. This could include the conduct of a “case-control” study using the exposure data available from monitoring the community.

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Malikhatin, Siti, and Lucia Yovita Hendrati. "Quality of Plague Surveillance System in Pasuruan Regency Year 2014 Based on Surveillance Attributes." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v5i1.2017.60-74.

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Plague which is the zoonosis quarantine disease remains occur in Pasuruan Regency. Plague suspect was still found until year 2013. Plague surveillance that still actively conducted in Pasuruan Regency is probably the only one plague surveillance in Indonesia. Plague surveillance consist of human and rodent surveillance. Evaluation of surveillance system is needed to improve its quality, efficiency, and usefulness. This research aimed to assess the quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014 based on attributes which are simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, data quality, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, and stability. The research design was evaluation study. Subjecct was plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014. Data were collected by interviews, observations, and document study. The obtained data and information were compared to the guidelines and recent theories then presented in narrations, tables, and figures. The research showed that the surveillance system was simple and flexible, lack of data quality and acceptability, unmeasurable sensitivity and predictive value positive, low representativeness and timeliness, and high stability. This research concluded that quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency based on its attributes was not good enough. The suggestion given are conduct training, supply a sufficient budgetary fund, do monitoring and evaluation periodically, disseminate information to another program and sector, also to the community, send surveillance report by e-mail, use spreadsheet software for surveillance rodent reporting, improve the report by including information about damage serum, serum less than the total of captured rodent, and report about the missing trap. Keyword: plague, human surveillance, rodent surveillance, surveillance attributes, evaluation

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Malikhatin, Siti, and Lucia Yovita Hendrati. "Quality of Plague Surveillance System in Pasuruan Regency Year 2014 Based on Surveillance Attributes." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 5, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v5i12017.60-74.

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Plague which is the zoonosis quarantine disease remains occur in Pasuruan Regency. Plague suspect was still found until year 2013. Plague surveillance that still actively conducted in Pasuruan Regency is probably the only one plague surveillance in Indonesia. Plague surveillance consist of human and rodent surveillance. Evaluation of surveillance system is needed to improve its quality, efficiency, and usefulness. This research aimed to assess the quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014 based on attributes which are simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, data quality, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, and stability. The research design was evaluation study. Subjecct was plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014. Data were collected by interviews, observations, and document study. The obtained data and information were compared to the guidelines and recent theories then presented in narrations, tables, and figures. The research showed that the surveillance system was simple and flexible, lack of data quality and acceptability, unmeasurable sensitivity and predictive value positive, low representativeness and timeliness, and high stability. This research concluded that quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency based on its attributes was not good enough. The suggestion given are conduct training, supply a sufficient budgetary fund, do monitoring and evaluation periodically, disseminate information to another program and sector, also to the community, send surveillance report by e-mail, use spreadsheet software for surveillance rodent reporting, improve the report by including information about damage serum, serum less than the total of captured rodent, and report about the missing trap. Keyword: plague, human surveillance, rodent surveillance, surveillance attributes, evaluation

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Rubenstein, Beth L., Sharon L. Roy, Karmen Unterwegner, Sarah Yerian, Adam Weiss, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Elisabeth Chop, et al. "Community-based Guinea worm surveillance in Chad: Evaluating a system at the intersection of human and animal disease." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0009285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009285.

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Background Guinea worm is a debilitating parasitic infection targeted for eradication. Annual human cases have dropped from approximately 3,500,000 in 1986 to 54 in 2019. Recent identification of canine cases in Chad threatens progress, and therefore detection, prevention, and containment of canine cases is a priority. We investigated associations between disease knowledge, community engagement, and canine cases in Chad to identify opportunities to improve active surveillance. Methods We surveyed 627 respondents (villagers, local leaders, community volunteers, and supervisors) across 45 villages under active surveillance. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by respondent category. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the effects of volunteer visit frequency on villager knowledge. Results Knowledge increased with respondents’ associations with the Guinea worm program. Household visit frequency by community volunteers was uneven: 53.0% of villagers reported visits at least twice weekly and 21.4% of villagers reported never being visited. Villagers visited by a volunteer at least twice weekly had better knowledge of Guinea worm symptoms (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.04–2.79) and could name more prevention strategies (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.32–3.15) than villagers visited less frequently. The primary motivation to report was to facilitate care-seeking for people with Guinea worm. Knowledge of animal “containment” to prevent contamination of water, knowledge of rewards for reporting animal cases, and ability to name any reasons to report Guinea worm were each positively correlated with village canine case counts. Conclusions Community volunteers play crucial roles in educating their neighbors about Guinea worm and facilitating surveillance. Additional training and more attentive management of volunteers and supervisors could increase visit frequency and further amplify their impact. Emphasizing links between animal and human cases, the importance of animal containment, and animal rewards might improve surveillance and canine case detection. The surveillance system should be evaluated routinely to expand generalizability of data and monitor changes over time.

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Van Boetzelaer, Elburg, Samiur Chowdhury, Berhe Etsay, Abu Faruque, Annick Lenglet, Anna Kuehne, Isidro Carrion-Martin, et al. "Evaluation of community based surveillance in the Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, 2019." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0244214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244214.

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Background Following an influx of an estimated 742,000 Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) established an active indicator-based Community Based Surveillance (CBS) in 13 sub-camps in Cox’s Bazar in August 2017. Its objective was to detect epidemic prone diseases early for rapid response. We describe the surveillance, alert and response in place from epidemiological week 20 (12 May 2019) until 44 (2 November 2019). Methods Suspected cases were identified through passive health facility surveillance and active indicator-based CBS. CBS-teams conducted active case finding for suspected cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD), acute jaundice syndrome (AJS), acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), dengue, diphtheria, measles and meningitis. We evaluate the following surveillance system attributes: usefulness, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), timeliness, simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, representativeness and stability. Results Between epidemiological weeks 20 and 44, an average of 97,340 households were included in the CBS per surveillance cycle. Household coverage reached over 85%. Twenty-one RDT positive cholera cases and two clusters of AWD were identified by the CBS and health facility surveillance that triggered the response mechanism within 12 hours. The PPV of the CBS varied per disease between 41.7%-100%. The CBS required 354 full-time staff in 10 different roles. The CBS was sufficiently flexible to integrate dengue surveillance. The CBS was representative of the population in the catchment area due to its exhaustive character and high household coverage. All households consented to CBS participation, showing acceptability. Discussion The CBS allowed for timely response but was resource intensive. Disease trends identified by the health facility surveillance and suspected diseases trends identified by CBS were similar, which might indicate limited additional value of the CBS in a dense and stable setting such as Cox’s Bazar. Instead, a passive community-event-based surveillance mechanism combined with health facility-based surveillance could be more appropriate.

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Wu, Shuo Mei, Jian Wei Song, and Xu Ning Liu. "Application Research of Intelligent Monitoring System Based on Abnormal Events." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.471.

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In order to meet the needs of the construction information industry base, enhance their ability to serve the community, and improve scientific research projects of market-oriented level, then develop family-oriented and school-based intelligent monitoring software system, the development of new products in the smart camera and mobile video surveillance and development of new technologies are developed. It is considered that the electronic information industry needs to develop intelligent monitoring technology industry, the video compression technology and the use of mobile and existing wireless networks are made, such as efforts are used to complete the smart cameras and mobile video surveillance system development, so the development of application research has implemented the front of video surveillance intelligence information collection, transmission of video signals in real time, real-time wireless video signal transmission and other tasks.

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Thumbi, Samuel M., M. Kariuki Njenga, Elkanah Otiang, Linus Otieno, Peninah Munyua, Sarah Eichler, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Terry F. McElwain, and Guy H. Palmer. "Mobile phone-based surveillance for animal disease in rural communities: implications for detection of zoonoses spillover." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1782 (August 12, 2019): 20190020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0020.

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Improving the speed of outbreak detection and reporting at the community level are critical in managing the threat of emerging infectious diseases, many of which are zoonotic. The widespread use of mobile phones, including in rural areas, constitutes a potentially effective tool for real-time surveillance of infectious diseases. Using longitudinal data from a disease surveillance system implemented in 1500 households in rural Kenya, we test the effectiveness of mobile phone animal syndromic surveillance by comparing it with routine household animal health surveys, determine the individual and household correlates of its use and examine the broader implications for surveillance of zoonotic diseases. A total of 20 340 animal and death events were reported from the community through the two surveillance systems, half of which were confirmed as valid disease events. The probability of an event being valid was 2.1 times greater for the phone-based system, compared with the household visits. Illness events were 15 times (95% CI 12.8, 17.1) more likely to be reported through the phone system compared to routine household visits, but not death events (OR 0.1 (95% CI 0.09, 0.11)). Disease syndromes with severe presentations were more likely to be reported through the phone system. While controlling for herd and flock sizes owned, phone ownership was not a determinant of using the phone-based surveillance system, but the lack of a formal education, and having additional sources of income besides farming were associated with decreased likelihood of reporting through the phone system. Our study suggests that a phone-based surveillance system will be effective at detecting outbreaks of diseases such as Rift Valley fever that present with severe clinical signs in animal populations, but in the absence of additional reporting incentives, it may miss early outbreaks of diseases such as avian influenza that present primarily with mortality. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover’.

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Cwik, Mary F., Allison Barlow, Novalene Goklish, Francene Larzelere-Hinton, Lauren Tingey, Mariddie Craig, Ronnie Lupe, and John Walkup. "Community-Based Surveillance and Case Management for Suicide Prevention: An American Indian Tribally Initiated System." American Journal of Public Health 104, S3 (June 2014): e18-e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.301872.

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Lee, Liza, Mireille Desroches, Shamir Mukhi, and Christina Bancej. "FluWatchers: Evaluation of a crowdsourced influenza-like illness surveillance application for Canadian influenza seasons 2015–2016 to 2018–2019." Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, no. 09 (September 10, 2021): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i09a02.

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Background: Sentinel influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance is an essential component of a comprehensive influenza surveillance program. Community-based ILI surveillance systems that rely solely on sentinel healthcare practices omit important segments of the population, including those who do not seek medical care. Participatory surveillance, which relies on community participation in surveillance, may address some limitations of traditional ILI systems. Objective: We aimed to evaluate FluWatchers, a crowdsourced ILI application developed to complement and complete ILI surveillance in Canada. Methods: Using established frameworks for surveillance evaluations, we assessed the acceptability, reliability, accuracy and usefulness of the FluWatchers system 2015–2016, through 2018–2019. Evaluation indicators were compared against national surveillance indicators of ILI and of laboratory confirmed respiratory virus infections. Results: The acceptability of FluWatchers was demonstrated by growth of 50%–100% in season-over-season participation, and a consistent season-over-season retention of 80%. Reliability was greater for FluWatchers than for our traditional ILI system, although both systems had week-over-week fluctuations in the number of participants responding. FluWatchers’ ILI rates had moderate correlation with weekly influenza laboratory detection rates and other winter seasonal respiratory virus detections including respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal coronaviruses. Finally, FluWatchers has demonstrated its usefulness as a source of core FluWatch surveillance information and has the potential to fill data gaps in current programs for influenza surveillance and control. Conclusion: FluWatchers is an example of an innovative digital participatory surveillance program that was created to address limitations of traditional ILI surveillance in Canada. It fulfills the surveillance system evaluation criteria of acceptability, reliability, accuracy and usefulness.

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Babu, A. N., B. Soman, E. Niehaus, J. Shah, N. L. Sarda, P. S. Ramkumar, and C. Unnithan. "Community-based Early Warning and Adaptive Response System (EWARS) for mosquito borne diseases: An open source/open community approach." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 27, 2014): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-167-2014.

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A variety of studies around the world have evaluated the use of remote sensing with and without GIS in communicable diseases. The ongoing Ebola epidemic has highlighted the risks that can arise for the global community from rapidly spreading diseases which may outpace attempts at control and eradication. This paper presents an approach to the development, deployment, validation and wide-spread adoption of a GIS-based temporo-spatial decision support system which is being collaboratively developed in open source/open community mode by an international group that came together under UN auspices. The group believes in an open source/open community approach to make the fruits of knowledge as widely accessible as possible. A core initiative of the groups is the EWARS project. It proposes to strengthen existing public health systems by the development and validation a model for a community based surveillance and response system which will initially address mosquito borne diseases in the developing world. At present mathematical modeling to support EWARS is at an advanced state, and it planned to embark on a pilot project

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Kipanyula, Maulilio J., Anna M. Geofrey, Kadeghe G. Fue, Malongo R. S. Mlozi, Siza D. Tumbo, Ruth Haug, and Camilius A. Sanga. "Web and Mobile Phone Based Rabies Surveillance System for Humans and Animals in Kilosa District, Tanzania." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 8, no. 2 (April 2016): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2016040104.

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Rabies has continued to claim human life despite different efforts to controls its transmission cycles between humans and domestic dogs. New developments in ICT have provided an opportunity for increased possibilities for community involvement in rabies surveillance. The main objective of this study was to investigate on approaches and practices to improve the communication of rabies surveillance information at different levels. Specifically, a study was carried to establish the significance of applying human sensor web system. Human sensor web has a potential of strengthening rabies surveillance system and serves as applied research tools for investigating strategic spatially targeted control activities, identifying areas most at risk and early detection of rabies incursions. Web and mobile based rabies surveillance system was developed and piloted as a support tool for the detection, surveillance and control of rabies. Wide application of the developed system will pave way for effective and efficient country-wide sharing of rabies surveillance information.

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PINI, A., H. MERK, A. CARNAHAN, I. GALANIS, E. VAN STRATEN, K. DANIS, M. EDELSTEIN, and A. WALLENSTEN. "High added value of a population-based participatory surveillance system for community acute gastrointestinal, respiratory and influenza-like illnesses in Sweden, 2013–2014 using the web." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 6 (January 31, 2017): 1193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816003290.

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SUMMARYIn 2013–2014, the Public Health Agency of Sweden developed a web-based participatory surveillance system, Hӓlsorapport, based on a random sample of individuals reporting symptoms weekly online, to estimate the community incidence of self-reported acute gastrointestinal (AGI), acute respiratory (ARI) and influenza-like (ILI) illnesses and their severity. We evaluated Hӓlsorapport's acceptability, completeness, representativeness and its data correlation with other surveillance data. We calculated response proportions and Spearman correlation coefficients (r) between (i) incidence of illnesses in Hӓlsorapport and (ii) proportions of specific search terms to medical-advice website and reasons for calling a medical advice hotline. Of 34 748 invitees, 3245 (9·3%) joined the cohort. Participants answered 81% (139 013) of the weekly questionnaires and 90% (16 351) of follow-up questionnaires. AGI incidence correlated with searches on winter-vomiting disease [r = 0·81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·69–0·89], and ARI incidence correlated with searches on cough (r = 0·77, 95% CI 0·62–0·86). ILI incidence correlated with the web query-based estimated incidence of ILI patients consulting physicians (r = 0·63, 95% CI 0·42–0·77). The high response to different questionnaires and the correlation with other syndromic surveillance systems suggest that Hӓlsorapport offers a reasonable representation of AGI, ARI and ILI patterns in the community and can complement traditional and syndromic surveillance systems to estimate their burden in the community.

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Betancourt, Jose A., Shilpa Hakre, Christina S. Polyak, and Julie A. Pavlin. "Evaluation of ICD-9 Codes for Syndromic Surveillance in the Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics." Military Medicine 172, no. 4 (April 2007): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed.172.4.346.

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Ajewole,, Veronica B., Ahone E. Ngujede, Emmanuella Oduguwa, Deepa Dongarwar, Manvir Kaur, Cecelia Knight, Maresha Jackson, et al. "A Surveillance System for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 9, no. 3 (August 9, 2020): 350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.411.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its ensuing mitigation measures have negatively affected the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) population. There is currently no surveillance system established to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to guide policy decision making to protect the MCH population in this pandemic. Based on reports of community and household spread of this novel infection, we present an approach to a robust family-centered surveillance system for the MCH population. The surveillance system encapsulates data at the individual and community levels to inform stakeholders, policy makers, health officials and the general public about SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics within the MCH population. Key words: • COVID-19 • Coronavirus • Maternal and child health • Family-centered • Surveillance system • Individual level data elements • Community level data elements • Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Copyright © 2020 Ajewole et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Soumitra Pathare, Nikhil Jain, Renuka Nardodkar, Deepa Pandit, Sadhvi Krishnamoorthy, Jasmine Kalha, and Laura Shields-Zeeman. "Implementation of a comprehensive surveillance system for recording suicides and attempted suicides in rural India." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e038636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038636.

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IntroductionWHO reports that 78 of the 140 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not have a registration system for suicides and attempted suicides. Absence of data on suicide and attempted suicide in LMICs, which account for 79% of suicides worldwide, is a major impediment in understanding the magnitude of the problem and formulating prevention strategies to reduce suicide and self-harm. A comprehensive surveillance system has the potential to address this data gap. The objective of this study is to describe the development of a comprehensive surveillance system in rural India by adding a community based component and reflect on its added value in obtaining data on suicide and attempted suicide compared with relying only on hospital and police records.MethodThe comprehensive system consists of three components. Community surveillance involved collecting information on suicides and attempted suicides from third party key informants such as village heads, teachers, priests, shopkeepers, private physicians, private hospitals and community health workers. The second component consisted of data from public health facilities. The final component consisted of suicide data from police records. Information was collected for a period of 12 months from August 2018 to July 2019 from 116 villages (population 377 276) in Gujarat, India.ResultsAn average of 710 community informants were interviewed each month (mean: 6.72 informants per village). The community surveillance system identified 67 cases of suicide compared with 30 cases by hospital and police records (Cochran’s Q test 67.9 p<0.01) and 70 attempted suicides compared with 51 from the hospital and police records (Cochran’s Q test 66.6 p<0.01).DiscussionThis is the first report of implementing a large-scale comprehensive surveillance system for suicide and attempted suicide in a LMIC. The combination of community surveillance system and official data from hospital and police records addresses the problem of under-reporting of suicide and suicide attempts in India and other LMIC.

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Burkom, Howard, Wayne Loschen, Richard Wojcik, Rekha Holtry, Monika Punjabi, Martina Siwek, and Sheri Lewis. "Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE): Overview, Components, and Public Health Applications." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): e26303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26303.

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Background The Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE) is a secure web-based tool that enables health care practitioners to monitor health indicators of public health importance for the detection and tracking of disease outbreaks, consequences of severe weather, and other events of concern. The ESSENCE concept began in an internally funded project at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, advanced with funding from the State of Maryland, and broadened in 1999 as a collaboration with the Walter Reed Army Institute for Research. Versions of the system have been further developed by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in multiple military and civilian programs for the timely detection and tracking of health threats. Objective This study aims to describe the components and development of a biosurveillance system increasingly coordinating all-hazards health surveillance and infectious disease monitoring among large and small health departments, to list the key features and lessons learned in the growth of this system, and to describe the range of initiatives and accomplishments of local epidemiologists using it. Methods The features of ESSENCE include spatial and temporal statistical alerting, custom querying, user-defined alert notifications, geographical mapping, remote data capture, and event communications. To expedite visualization, configurable and interactive modes of data stratification and filtering, graphical and tabular customization, user preference management, and sharing features allow users to query data and view geographic representations, time series and data details pages, and reports. These features allow ESSENCE users to gather and organize the resulting wealth of information into a coherent view of population health status and communicate findings among users. Results The resulting broad utility, applicability, and adaptability of this system led to the adoption of ESSENCE by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, numerous state and local health departments, and the Department of Defense, both nationally and globally. The open-source version of Suite for Automated Global Electronic bioSurveillance is available for global, resource-limited settings. Resourceful users of the US National Syndromic Surveillance Program ESSENCE have applied it to the surveillance of infectious diseases, severe weather and natural disaster events, mass gatherings, chronic diseases and mental health, and injury and substance abuse. Conclusions With emerging high-consequence communicable diseases and other health conditions, the continued user requirement–driven enhancements of ESSENCE demonstrate an adaptable disease surveillance capability focused on the everyday needs of public health. The challenge of a live system for widely distributed users with multiple different data sources and high throughput requirements has driven a novel, evolving architecture design.

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Tetra Dewi, Fatwa Sari, Septi Kurnia Lestari, Ibtidau Niamilah, and Hanifah Wulandari. "Developing a system to utilize a surveillance data for evidence-based public health interventions: Sleman HDSS’s experience." Journal of Community Empowerment for Health 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.47144.

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Health interventions aim to improve health status in a community. Factors that influence the effectiveness and success of intervention programs include the characteristics of problems and the target population. Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) collects data on demographics and public health status annually. By 2018, we have conducted four cycles of data collection from 5,147 households. Results from Sleman HDSS could provide important information regarding the characteristics of target populations and health-related problems they face. The present paper describes how we develop a system that uses the data from a surveillance system to inform the development of health intervention programs. Aside from collecting survey data, Sleman HDSS field staff also recorded statements from respondents and community leader regarding health issues which they thought needed to be addressed. We used both quantitative and qualitative information to identify problems and locations that should be the priority. This priority list then distributed to the academic communities in the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, (FMPHN-UGM) Yogyakarta, Indonesia. By 2018, we have completed 20 health educations and 10 community empowerment activities in collaboration with academic communities of the FMPHN-UGM. We concluded that health surveillance activities could support the development of effective evidence-based health intervention programs.

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Tabernero, Nathaniel R., Wayne A. Loschen, Joel Jorgensen, Joshua Suereth, Jacqueline S. Coberly, Rekha S. Holtry, Marvin L. Sikes, Steven M. Babin, and Sheryl L. Happel Lewis. "Enhancing Disease Surveillance Event Communication among Jurisdictions." Biomedical Informatics Insights 2 (January 2009): BII.S3523. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bii.s3523.

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Automated disease surveillance systems are becoming widely used by the public health community. However, communication among non-collocated and widely dispersed users still needs improvement. A web-based software tool for enhancing user communications was completely integrated into an existing automated disease surveillance system and was tested during two simulated exercises and operational use involving multiple jurisdictions. Evaluation of this tool was conducted by user meetings, anonymous surveys, and web logs. Public health officials found this tool to be useful, and the tool has been modified further to incorporate features suggested by user responses. Features of the automated disease surveillance system, such as alerts and time series plots, can be specifically referenced by user comments. The user may also indicate the alert response being considered by adding a color indicator to their comment. The web-based event communication tool described in this article provides a common ground for collaboration and communication among public health officials at different locations.

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Aramburu, C., S. Harbarth, N. Liassine, M. Girard, A. Gervaix, J. Scherenzel, G. Renzi, and P. Sudre. "Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Switzerland : first surveillance report." Eurosurveillance 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.11.01.00594-en.

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Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infection is an emerging community pathogen. Community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) has been associated with virulent strains producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and a variety of other exotoxins. In Geneva, PVL-producing CA-MRSA was first reported in 2002 and a surveillance system based on voluntary reporting was set up.

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BAUMANN-POPCZYK, A., M. SADKOWSKA-TODYS, J. ROGALSKA, and P. STEFANOFF. "Incidence of self-reported acute gastrointestinal infections in the community in Poland: a population-based study." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 7 (September 19, 2011): 1173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811001853.

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SUMMARYA retrospective cross-sectional survey of self-reported acute gastrointestinal infection (AGI) incidence in the community was performed in Poland, from December 2008 to November 2009. The aim of the study was to estimate the magnitude and distribution of self-reported AGI, in order to calibrate the routine AGI surveillance system in Poland. The study population were randomly selected residents of all Polish regions, having a fixed telephone line. An equal number of telephone interviews were collected each month, requesting the interviewee to identify gastrointestinal symptoms that had occurred in the previous 4 weeks. The international AGI case definition was used. In total 3583 complete interviews were obtained. The compliance ratio was 26%. Of 3583 respondents, 240 (6·7%) individuals fulfilled the AGI case definition. The annualized incidence of acute gastroenteritis was 0·9/person-year (95% confidence interval 0·8–1·0). Comparison of the obtained annual AGI estimate (33·3 million infections) with the number of cases reported to national surveillance during the corresponding period (73 512), yielded an underreporting factor of 453 cases occurring in the community for each reported case. Of the 240 AGI cases, 30·4% consulted a general practitioner, and 4·6% were admitted to hospital. Samples for microbiological confirmation were collected from four (1·6%) cases. This first population-based study in eastern Europe has confirmed that AGI places a high burden on Polish society, which is underestimated by national surveillance data. Efforts are necessary to improve AGI reporting and diagnostic practices in order to increase the effectiveness of the Polish surveillance system in detecting threats related to new AGI pathogens, new routes of transmission or the potential for international spread.

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Rahmayanti, Elyda, and Arief Hargono. "Implementation of Non-Communicable Disesase Risk Factors Surveillance in Posbindu Surabaya based on Surveillance Attribute (Study in Surabaya)." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 5, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v5i32017.276-285.

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ABSTRACTNon-communicable diseases (NCD) became causes of death in the world. Proportion of deaths due to NCD also NCD risk factors was increasing in Indonesia so, NCD control was required. NCD risk factors surveillance in Posbindu based on surveillance attribute at Surabaya was not optimal. Puskesmas have not established ≥20 Posbindu in each work area make NCD risk factors has not been identified. It may affect the resulting information representation to make the fundamental of policy control. The purpose of this research was to evaluate NCD risk factors surveillance system in Posbindu based on surveillance attribute in Surabaya. This research was a descriptive evaluative. The research subjects were NCD risk factors surveillance system with 16 program respondents and 77 Posbindu volunteers. Data collection were conducted with questionnaires and document studies. The results show that the system was simple, acceptable, has high sensitivity and stability, timely, and high quality data. While the assessment of flexibility and positive predictive value could not be done. The conclusion of this research was surveillance attribute was good but there were problems in surveillance system. The problem solving suggestion were community empowerment to purchase their own tools by the Posbindu volunteers, expert or laboratory confirmation record on the result of examination, and maintanace server of NCD website page. Keywords: surveillance attribute, NCD risk factors, Posbindu, surveillance

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Thomas, Y., L. Kaiser, and W. Wunderli. "The use of near patient tests in influenza surveillance: Swiss experience and EISS recommendations." Eurosurveillance 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.08.12.00438-en.

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Surveillance requires time for analysis and for the communication to physicians. In order to reduce this delay, a new surveillance system based on the use of a near patient test (NPT) has been evaluated. The high specificity of NPT together with the rapidity in obtaining the results, make these tests attractive for surveillance of influenza epidemic in community practice. Such surveillance has been used in several countries including Switzerland. Four different seasons - between 1999 and 2003 - of this type of surveillance experienced in Switzerland have been analysed. The heterogeneity in terms of intensity and type of strains detected during these four epidemics seasons allowed an efficient evaluation. The average gain of time with NPT compared to cell culture was nine days. Furthermore, training of participants appeared to be essential to assure the quality of the surveillance system. A statement on the use of NPTs for influenza surveillance has finally been endorsed by EISS members. Included are recommendations that the network should use the NPTs data, which provides additional information to the classical surveillance systems, as an "early warning" system of a change in influenza activity.

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Broni, Francis, Joseph Larbi, Edwin Afari, Kofi Nyarko, Donne Ameme, and Ernest Kenu. "Evaluation of viral haemorrhagic fever surveillance system with focus on Ebola virus disease, Bawku municipality- Upper East Region, Ghana, 2011- 2015." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i2s.4.

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Background: We evaluated the Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) surveillance system from 2011 to 2015 in the Bawku Municipality, Upper East region, Ghana to determine whether the goals of the surveillance system are being met and to assess the performance of the system attributes.Design: Descriptive secondary data analysis.Setting: Bawku MunicipalityData Source: Review VHF surveillance records, interviewed community-based surveillance volunteers (CBSVs) and reviewed vital events registers. We also assessed the system attributes by reviewing records and interviewing key stakeholders involved in VHF surveillance system with focus on Ebola using checklist and semi structured questionnaire developed based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines.Main outcome measure: System attributes of the VHF surveillance systemResults: Population under surveillance was 105,849. The system required detail information about suspected cases. However, it had a simple and clear standard case definitions, and was well integrated with the IDSR. There is a regular and timely flow of information. The system captured 155 suspected cases nationwide from 2011 to 2015 and all tested negative. Of these, Upper East Region reported 10 suspected cases including 4 suspected cases from Bawku Municipality.Conclusion: The VHF surveillance system achieved its objectives. However, poor data quality, inadequately trained surveillance officers, and inadequate financial support are threats to the effectiveness of the system.Keywords: Viral haemorrhagic fever, surveillance system evaluation, attributes, Bawku Municipality, GhanaFunding: This work was supported by Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (GFELTP), University of Ghana

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Osrin, David, S. Manandhar, A. Shrestha, N. Mesko, K. S. Tumbahangphe, D. Shrestha, D. S. Manandhar, and A. M. Costello. "DESIGN OF A SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOMES IN RURAL NEPAL." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 41, no. 143 (January 1, 2003): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.784.

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IntroductionCommunity trials in low-income countries require monitoring and evaluation systems.The requirements of a community surveillance system include coherent design, training,field supervision and reporting, as well as the need for a robust and flexible database.Materials and methodsThis paper describes a surveillance system for identification of pregnancy and itsoutcomes in a rural area of Nepal. Mother Infant Research Activities (MIRA), incollaboration with the Institute of Child Health, London, are presently conducting astudy on the impact of a community-based participatory intervention to improveessential newborn care (ENC) in rural Nepal. The study is a cluster randomisedcontrolled trial involving 12 pairs of Village Development Committees (VDCs) inMakwanpur District. The surveillance system covers approximately 28 000 householdsand 28 000 married women of reproductive age. It was designed to identify pregnancy,its outcome for mother and infant, and activities such as antenatal care and problem-related health care seeking behaviour.DiscussionThe paper describes the processes of mapping and enumeration, pregnancyidentification, conduct of interviews, quality control and data management.Key Words: data quality, database, rural Nepal.

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Siya, Aggrey, Richardson Mafigiri, Richard Migisha, and Rebekah C. Kading. "Uganda Mountain Community Health System—Perspectives and Capacities towards Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 8562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168562.

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In mountain communities like Sebei, Uganda, which are highly vulnerable to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, community-based surveillance plays an important role in the monitoring of public health hazards. In this survey, we explored capacities of village health teams (VHTs) in Sebei communities of Mount Elgon in undertaking surveillance tasks for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in the context of a changing climate. We used participatory epidemiology techniques to elucidate VHTs’ perceptions on climate change and public health and assessed their capacities to conduct surveillance for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Overall, VHTs perceived climate change to be occurring with wider impacts on public health. However, they had inadequate capacities in collecting surveillance data. The VHTs lacked transport to navigate through their communities and had insufficient capacities in using mobile phones for sending alerts. They did not engage in reporting other hazards related to the environment, wildlife, and domestic livestock that would accelerate infectious disease outbreaks. Records were not maintained for disease surveillance activities and the abilities of VHTs to analyze data were also limited. However, VHTs had access to platforms that could enable them to disseminate public health information. The VHTs thus need to be retooled to conduct their work effectively and efficiently through equipping them with adequate logistics and knowledge on collecting, storing, analyzing, and relaying data, which will improve infectious disease response and mitigation efforts.

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Ahorlu, Collins S. K., Daniel Okyere, and Edwin Ampadu. "Implementing active community-based surveillance-response system for Buruli ulcer early case detection and management in Ghana." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): e0006776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006776.

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Kaur, Prabhdeep, Manoj Murhekar, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Muthuperumal Prakash, K. G. Kolandaswamy, Premkumar Balasubramanian, Prabhakaran Jesudoss, et al. "Lessons learnt in implementing a pilot community event-based surveillance system in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India." Global Security: Health, Science and Policy 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23779497.2020.1831396.

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Jones, David E., Temitope O. Alimi, Paran Pordell, Florence K. Tangka, Wendy Blumenthal, Sandra F. Jones, Joseph D. Rogers, Vicki B. Benard, and Lisa C. Richardson. "Pursuing Data Modernization in Cancer Surveillance by Developing a Cloud-Based Computing Platform: Real-Time Cancer Case Collection." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 5 (January 2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.20.00082.

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Cancer surveillance is a field focused on collection of data to evaluate the burden of cancer and apply public health strategies to prevent and control cancer in the community. A key challenge facing the cancer surveillance community is the number of manual tasks required to collect cancer surveillance data, thereby resulting in possible delays in analysis and use of the information. To modernize and automate cancer data collection and reporting, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is planning, developing, and piloting a cancer surveillance cloud-based computing platform (CS-CBCP) with standardized electronic reporting from laboratories and health-care providers. With this system, automation of the cancer case collection process and access to real-time cancer case data can be achieved, which could not be done before. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated the importance of continuity of operations plans, and the CS-CBCP has the potential to provide such a platform suitable for remote operations of central cancer registries.

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Feemster, Kristen A., Yimei Li, Robert Grundmeier, A. Russell Localio, and Joshua P. Metlay. "Validation of a Pediatric Primary Care Network in a US Metropolitan Region as a Community-Based Infectious Disease Surveillance System." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/219859.

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This cross-sectional study used Geographic Information System methods to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children enrolled and not enrolled in a primary care network to determine the suitability of the network to estimate population-based disease rates. We validated the network surveillance system by comparing invasive pneumococcal disease rates between network and nonnetwork children using population-based surveillance data. Among the study population of 130300 children, network children were more likely to be female, Black, non-Hispanic, younger, and receive Medicaid. These differences varied across neighborhoods, however, adjusting for neighborhood characteristics did not significantly change observed differences. Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease were not significantly different between network and non-network children. Significant demographic and clinical differences existed between network and non-network children and varied over small areas. Observed population rates of an infectious disease did not significantly differ suggesting that the network can potentially provide valid disease estimates for the community population.

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Mohammed, Aliyu, Princess Ruhama Acheampong, Easmon Otupiri, and Ellis Owusu-Dabo. "Symptom monitoring of childhood illnesses and referrals: A pilot study on the feasibility of a mobile phone-based system as a disease surveillance tool in a rural health district of Ghana." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 1465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219879329.

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Despite the potential of mobile technology in improving health systems, its use as a surveillance tool is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of a mobile phone-based system as a surveillance tool for identifying common symptoms of childhood illnesses. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study involving caregivers (n = 161) of children under 5 years. The system was designed to assess disease symptoms of the sick children and provide health advice to caregivers regarding what to do with the sick child. The capacity of the system to correctly assess the disease symptoms of sick children, and provide referral was examined using Kappa statistics. Of the 126 calls recorded by the system, 52 (41.3%) were valid with complete data. The level of agreement between the system and clinicians’ report with respect to common symptoms of childhood illnesses varied: fever (kappa = 0.70, p < 0.001); vomiting (kappa = 0.46, p < 0.002); diarrhoea (kappa = 0.44, p < 0.007); and cough (kappa = 0.37, p < 0.0129). An acceptable level of symptom reliability was achieved by the system. The results suggest that the system can be used as a first line surveillance tool for identifying potential childhood disease outbreaks based on symptom reports.

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Cerd Ng, Ri, Kian Ming Lim, Chin Poo Lee, and Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak. "Surveillance system with motion and face detection using histograms of oriented gradients." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp869-876.

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<span>With the rapidly increasing crime rate in recent years, community safety issues aroused a wide concern among public community. Various security technologies had been invented and carried out, for example password door lock, alarm system, and closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs). Although the installation of CCTVs is common in most premises, they require extensive man power to manually monitor the videos. Moreover, the reliability of human operator greatly deteriorates when they are in fatigue condition. In view of this, our project aims to develop an automated computer vision based surveillance system. Unlike ordinary CCTV system that requires human operator to manually observe and detect intruder, a computer vision based surveillance system automatically monitor the security of premises and trigger actions once an intrusion is detected. Basically, it is a simple surveillance camera system that will be setup at the entrance of the house. The reliability is being enhanced by applying the motion detection and face recognition algorithm, using histogram of oriented gradients that could detect the existence of people at the main entrance and try to validate the user. Apart from recognizing the user, the propose system also support mobile interaction whereby user can monitor the camera, activate alarm, and even received notification when a stranger was being detected at the entrance of the house. By including such functionalities, proposed system had highly surpassed the existing surveillance system by not only support monitoring, but also try to recognize the people and inform the user at the exact moment when stranger detected, so that user could take immediate action about it, for example activating the alarm or report to police. The project was executed with expected outcome and objectives had been accomplished.</span>

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COOPER, D. L., G. E. SMITH, F. CHINEMANA, C. JOSEPH, P. LOVERIDGE, P. SEBASTIONPILLAI, E. GERARD, and M. ZAMBON. "Linking syndromic surveillance with virological self-sampling." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 2 (March 30, 2007): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008412.

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SUMMARYCalls to a UK national telephone health helpline (NHS Direct) have been used for syndromic surveillance, aiming to provide early warning of rises in community morbidity. We investigated whether self-sampling by NHS Direct callers could provide viable samples for influenza culture. We recruited 294 NHS Direct callers and sent them self-sampling kits. Callers were asked to take a swab from each nostril and post them to the laboratory. Forty-two per cent of the samples were returned, 16·2% were positive on PCR for influenza (16 influenza A(H3N2), three influenza A (H1N1), four influenza B) and eight for RSV (5·6%). The mean time between the NHS Direct call and laboratory analysis was 7·4 days. These samples provided amongst the earliest influenza reports of the season, detected multiple influenza strains, and augmented a national syndromic surveillance system. Self-sampling is a feasible method of enhancing community-based surveillance programmes for detection of influenza.

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Misra, Puneet, Rahul Srivastava, Anoop Misra, Shashi Kant, Priyanka Kardam, and NavalK Vikram. "Vitamin D status of adult females residing in Ballabgarh health and demographic surveillance system: A community-based study." Indian Journal of Public Health 61, no. 3 (2017): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_176_16.

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Larsen, T. M., C. Brux Mburu, A. L. McClelland, T. Tingberg, A. Kongelf, F. Sannoh, and A. Ali Madar. "A Qualitative study of volunteer experiences with a mobile community event- based surveillance (CEBS) system in Sierra Leone." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 53 (December 2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.290.

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Chan, J. L., M. Aschkenasy, and P. G. Greenough. "296: Using the Visual Analogue Scale for a Community-Based, Early Warning Drought Surveillance System in Southern Ethiopia." Annals of Emergency Medicine 51, no. 4 (April 2008): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.267.

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Yang, Wonho, Jinhyeon Park, Mansu Cho, Cheolmin Lee, Jeongil Lee, and Chaekwan Lee. "Environmental Health Surveillance System for a Population Using Advanced Exposure Assessment." Toxics 8, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8030074.

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Human exposure to air pollution is a major public health concern. Environmental policymakers have been implementing various strategies to reduce exposure, including the 10th-day-no-driving system. To assess exposure of an entire population of a community in a highly polluted area, pollutant concentrations in microenvironments and population time–activity patterns are required. To date, population exposure to air pollutants has been assessed using air monitoring data from fixed atmospheric monitoring stations, atmospheric dispersion modeling, or spatial interpolation techniques for pollutant concentrations. This is coupled with census data, administrative registers, and data on the patterns of the time-based activities at the individual scale. Recent technologies such as sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), communications technology, and artificial intelligence enable the accurate evaluation of air pollution exposure for a population in an environmental health context. In this study, the latest trends in published papers on the assessment of population exposure to air pollution were reviewed. Subsequently, this study proposes a methodology that will enable policymakers to develop an environmental health surveillance system that evaluates the distribution of air pollution exposure for a population within a target area and establish countermeasures based on advanced exposure assessment.

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Ayyash, Hani F., Michael Oladipo Ogundele, Richard M. Lynn, Tanja-Sabine Schumm, and Cornelius Ani. "Involvement of community paediatricians in the care of children and young people with mental health difficulties in the UK: implications for case ascertainment by child and adolescent psychiatric, and paediatric surveillance systems." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (February 2021): e000713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000713.

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ObjectiveTo ascertain the extent to which community paediatricians are involved in the care of children with mental health conditions in order to determine which difficulties are appropriate for single or joint surveillance by the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (BPSU) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Surveillance System (CAPSS).DesignAn online survey of the 1120 members of the British Association of Community Child Health (BACCH) working in 169 Community Child Health (CCH) services in the UK.ResultsA total of 245 community paediatricians responded to the survey. This represents 22% of members of BACCH but likely to have covered many of the 169 CCH units because participants could respond on behalf of other members in their unit. The survey showed that children and young people (CYP) with neurodevelopmental conditions presented more frequently to paediatrics than to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). In addition, a sizeable proportion of CYP with emotional difficulties presented to paediatricians (eg, 29.5% for anxiety/obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and 12.8% for depression)—mainly due to difficulty with accessing CAMHS. More than half of the community paediatricians are involved in the care of CYP with anxiety and OCD, while 32.3% are involved in the care of those with depression.ConclusionThere is significant involvement of community paediatricians in the care of CYP with mental health conditions. Involvement is highest for neurodevelopmental conditions, but also significant for CYP with emotional difficulties. The implication of the findings for surveillance case ascertainment is that joint BPSU and CAPSS is recommended for surveillance studies of neurodevelopmental conditions. However, for emotional disorders, single or joint surveillance should be made based on the specific research question and the relative trade-offs between case ascertainment, and the additional cost and reporting burden of joint surveillance. Single CAPSS studies remain appropriate for psychosis and bipolar disorder.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Community-based surveillance system'

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