Academic literature on the topic 'Community-based NRM'
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Journal articles on the topic "Community-based NRM"
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Commodore, Sarah, Andrew Metcalf, Christopher Post, Kevin Watts, Scott Reynolds, and John Pearce. "A Statistical Calibration Framework for Improving Non-Reference Method Particulate Matter Reporting: A Focus on Community Air Monitoring Settings." Atmosphere 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080807.
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Recent advancement in lower-cost air monitoring technology has resulted in an increased interest in community-based air quality studies. However, non-reference monitoring (NRM; e.g., low-cost sensors) is imperfect and approaches that improve data quality are highly desired. Herein, we illustrate a framework for adjusting continuous NRM measures of particulate matter (PM) with field-based comparisons and non-linear statistical modeling as an example of instrument evaluation prior to exposure assessment. First, we collected continuous measurements of PM with a NRM technology collocated with a US EPA federal equivalent method (FEM). Next, we fit a generalized additive model (GAM) to establish a non-linear calibration curve that defines the relationship between the NRM and FEM data. Then, we used our fitted model to generate calibrated NRM PM data. Evaluation of raw NRM PM2.5 data revealed strong correlation with FEM (R = 0.9) but an average bias (AB) of −2.84 µg/m3 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.85 µg/m3, with 406 h of data. Fitting of our GAM revealed that the correlation structure was maintained (r = 0.9) and that average bias (AB = 0) and error (RMSE = 0) were minimized. We conclude that field-based statistical calibration models can be used to reduce bias and improve NRM data used for community air monitoring studies.
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Robins, L., and S. Dovers. "Community-based NRM boards of management: are they up to the task?" Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 14, no. 2 (January 2007): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2007.10648708.
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Gooch, Margaret, and Jeni Warburton. "Building and Managing Resilience in Community-Based NRM Groups: An Australian Case Study." Society & Natural Resources 22, no. 2 (January 12, 2009): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920801967880.
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Askanius, Tina. "“I just want to be the friendly face of national socialism”." Nordicom Review 42, s1 (March 1, 2021): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2021-0004.
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Abstract This article is based on a case study of the media narratives of the neo-Nazi organisation Nordic Resistance Movement (NRM) and situates this particular actor within the broader landscape of violent extremism in Sweden today. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis informed by narrative inquiry, I examine various cultural expressions of neo-Nazi ideology in NRM's extensive repertoire of online media. Theoretically, I turn to cultural perspectives on violent extremism to bring to centre stage the role of popular culture and entertainment in the construction of a meaningful narrative of community and belonging built around neo-Nazism in Sweden today. The analysis explores the convergence between different genres, styles, and content into new cultural expressions of national socialism which bleed into mainstream Internet culture and political discourse in new ways. In the online universe of NRM, the extreme blends with the mainstream, the mundane and ordinary with the spectacular and provocative, and the serious with the silly. In this manner, the analysis lays bare the strategies through which NRM seeks to soften, trivialise, and normalise neo-Nazi discourse using the power and appeal of culture and entertainment.
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BRUNCKHORST, DAVID J. "Using context in novel community-based natural resource management: landscapes of property, policy and place." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 1 (March 2010): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000342.
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SUMMARYCommunity based natural resource management (CBNRM) engages groups of citizens in collective action towards sustainable conservation and natural resource management (NRM) within and across various tenure regimes. Substantial differences exist between developing and developed countries in terms of conditions conducive to CBNRM. There are also contextual differences from national to local scales, across different ‘spaces’ and ‘places’ within each. This paper focuses on developed countries in deriving and synthesizing some concepts from systems theory and landscape ecology, with lessons from facilitating novel CBNRM arrangements. Understanding the landscape context of interacting levels and scales of social and ecological systems can inform institutional development of resilient CBNRM. Efforts to increase the scale and effectiveness of social-ecological sustainability can benefit from novel arrangements facilitating holistic integration of environmental conservation across levels of institutions of communities and government, including tenure regimes (type and ownership of resources as ‘property’). Property and policy, together with ‘place’ attachment of communities can be viewed within a landscape framework. Such a ‘landscape lens’ provides an interdisciplinary meld that is important to sustainable CBNRM, but sometimes forgotten (or avoided) in government planning, policy deliberation and action.
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Adeyanju, S., A. O'Connor, T. Addoah, E. Bayala, H. Djoudi, K. Moombe, J. Reed, et al. "Learning from Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Ghana and Zambia: lessons for integrated landscape approaches." International Forestry Review 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821833992776.
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Land use in much of sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by legislative frameworks based on a strong colonial legacy, focusing strongly on state control and minimal devolution of management responsibilities to local communities. However, attempts to reconcile conservation and socio-economic development by increasing stakeholder engagement in community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) have been undertaken since the late 1980s. Based on a review of published literature on historical land-use trajectories, the evolution of CBNRM, and key respondent interviews with NRM experts in Ghana and Zambia, this paper asks: What lessons can be learned from CBNRM to inform integrated landscape approaches for more equitable social and ecological outcomes? The paper discusses the positive characteristics and persistent challenges arising from CBNRM initiatives in both countries. The former being, improved rights and resource access, an established institutional structure at the local level, and a conservation approach tailored to the local context. The latter include the absence of multi-scale collaboration, inadequate inclusive and equitable local participation, and limited sustainability of CBNRM initiatives beyond short-term project funding timelines. The paper argues that integrated landscape approaches can address these challenges and improve natural resource management in Ghana and Zambia. We urge landscape practitioners to consider how the lessons learned from CBNRM are being addressed in practice, as they represent both challenges and opportunities for landscape approaches to improve natural resource management.
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Karfs, R. A., B. N. Abbott, P. F. Scarth, and J. F. Wallace. "Land condition monitoring information for reef catchments: a new era." Rangeland Journal 31, no. 1 (2009): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08060.
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Land condition monitoring information is required for the strategic management of grazing land and for a better understanding of ecosystem processes. Yet, for policy makers and those land managers whose properties are situated within north-eastern Australia’s vast Great Barrier Reef catchments, there has been a general lack of geospatial land condition monitoring information. This paper provides an overview of integrated land monitoring activity in rangeland areas of two major Reef catchments in Queensland: the Burdekin and Fitzroy regions. The project aims were to assemble land condition monitoring datasets that would assist grazing land management and support decision-makers investing public funds; and deliver these data to natural resource management (NRM) community groups, which had been given increased responsibility for delivering local environmental outcomes. We describe the rationale and processes used to produce new land condition monitoring datasets derived from remotely sensed Landsat thematic mapper (TM) and high resolution SPOT 5 satellite imagery and from rapid land condition ground assessment. Specific products include subcatchment groundcover change maps, regional mapping of indicative very poor land condition, and stratified land condition site summaries. Their application, integration, and limitations are discussed. The major innovation is a better understanding of NRM issues with respect to land condition across vast regional areas, and the effective transfer of decision-making capacity to the local level. Likewise, with an increased ability to address policy questions from an evidence-based position, combined with increased cooperation between community, industry and all levels of government, a new era has emerged for decision-makers in rangeland management.
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Ramdas, Sagari R., Yakshi, and Girijana Deepika. "Changing Livelihoods, Livestock and Local Knowledge Systems: Women Stake their Claim in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 8, no. 2 (September 2001): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152150100800202.
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This paper discusses women's role, resource access control and decision-making power in the context of rapid changes in rural livelihoods, local knowledge systems and NRM. Participatory research was carried out in collaboration with NGOs and community-based organisations in six distinct agro-ecological regions of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, with a focus on eco nomically and socially marginalised communities. The research revealed that state policies have resulted in dramatic changes from food to commercial crops. This has threatened food and fodder security, the biodiversity of crops, natural flora, local livestock and poultry breeds, and led to unsustainable extraction of ground water and high levels of indebtedness. Women have borne the brunt. Women who formerly played key decision-making roles have been marginalised, their knowledge and expertise made valueless. Traditionally also women have been denied access to certain kinds of knowledge that constrain their livelihoods. Participatory research has empow ered women to take the lead in movements to challenge mainstream paradigms of sustainable development.
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Eufemia, Luca, Michelle Bonatti, and Stefan Sieber. "Synthesis of Environmental Research Knowledge: The Case of Paraguayan Pantanal Tropical Wetlands." Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n4p125.
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The Paraguayan Pantanal offers a valuable case of research regarding natural resource management in tropical wetlands. It is one of the world´s largest wetland of globally important ecological and cultural value that is threatened from environmental exploitations. Paradoxically, this area is rarely scientifically investigated. Therefore, in this paper, this case was chosen to identify literature indirectly related to the area and to highlight the dominant research trends and corresponding gaps. This research was conducted to cluster the available science-based research of Pantanal´s tropical wetlands in order to advocate for more environmental governance focus. Concepts used in the scientific literature of the Paraguayan Pantanal were extrapolated and summarized in category system. A cluster framework of 12 variables of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) was classified into three main search-categories: community engagement and participatory approach (CEPA), natural resources management (NRM) and framework developed (FD). The frequency of different categories demonstrates the natural science´s perspectives dominate over human sciences and humanities. Most of the Paraguayan Pantanal has been studied with regard to its ecological, biological and physical properties. The development of research interest over time and the primary focus on ecological baseline conditions are related to its designation as a Ramsar Site, an UNESCO tentative World Heritage Site and the orientation of national policies towards either environmental protection or regional economic development. A substantial research gap was identified in the FD as studies tended to link their findings to human activities but disregarded the connection between governance variables, natural resource and environmental developments. It is suggested to expand the natural science´s perspective on Paraguay´s wetlands to account for economic, social and political aspects in order to develop a holistic and environmentally sustainable production of science in and about the area.
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Metcalfe, Jenni, and Michelle Riedlinger. "Identifying and Testing Engagement and Public Literacy Indicators for River Health." Science, Technology and Society 14, no. 2 (July 2009): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172180901400203.
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Natural resource management (NRM) organisations in Australia are increasingly recognising the need for complement studies of biophysical condition of the environment with studies of social condition, such as values, understanding, and participation related to the environment. Relevant and reliable social indicators that can be scaled and measured on a regular basis are essential to meet this need. In this study, we identified four indicators to test the social condition of the public in the State of Victoria in Australia with regard to river health. These indicators were river use, river knowledge and literacy, values and aspirations, and river health behaviours. We tested the four indicators through telephone and web-based surveys with over 1000 people in three areas of Victoria. We analysed the survey data statistically and gathered baseline data on the social condition of river health in the three regions. We made recommendations for how this data could be interpreted and used in community engagement and science communication programmes about river health. We also examined the limitations of the methodology and recommended modifications to the survey design and application for an anticipated roll-out of the survey across the entire State of Victoria. The Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) will use this survey instrument to test social indicators on a regular basis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community-based NRM"
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Oliver, Peter Edward, and n/a. "Developing Effective Partnerships in Natural Resource Management." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040802.163341.
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This thesis seeks to understand and improve the effectiveness of partnerships formed by industry, community and government members of natural resource management (NRM) groups. The increasing popularity of partnership-based approaches to NRM is reflected in the rise of landcare, catchment management and other social mobilisation approaches throughout Australia and overseas. This thesis uses critical ethnographic methods to identify the characteristics of effective NRM partnerships and the factors influencing their effectiveness. This research also investigates appropriate methods for evaluating the effectiveness of such relationships and for determining when working in partnership with others may be the most appropriate response to a given NRM problem and context. The critical intent of the study means that it sought not only to understand the nature of such issues but also sought to enlighten and empower participants to improve the practice of partnerships in natural resource management. These characteristics and factors are analysed from three perspectives: the coordinators employed to broker and facilitate community-based NRM groups, the groups themselves and individual group members. This was done in order to reflect the importance of the continuous (re)negotiation of power that characterises long-term group relationships. It also enabled theories of power, cultural transformation, citizen participation, social capital and social learning to be used in the analysis of the NRM partnerships investigated in this study. These concepts were used to develop three tools for analysing NRM partnerships: a pendulum of citizen participation, an NRM citizen participation decision tree, and an NRM partnership typology. The study is based upon the analysis of nineteen cases, predominantly in South East Queensland, which were selected as examples of successful and effective NRM partnerships on the basis of referrals from regional managers and coordinators from State and Local Government. The research design was 'T' shaped, with Phase 1 of the study providing breadth through the analysis of fifteen partnerships. Depth was achieved in Phases 2 and 3. Phase 2 was a long-term ethnographic case study of one catchment management group while Phase 3 comprised a detailed analysis of three issue-specific partnerships formed by this group. These three phases concentrated on the viewpoint of coordinators, NRM groups and participants, respectively. Data on each of the nineteen cases were collected through interviews, field observations, workshops, document analyses and a short questionnaire. Data were analysed qualitatively. All data records were systematically coded to reveal themes and concepts relating to the research objectives from the viewpoints of coordinators, NRM groups and participants. Coding also revealed implications for governments seeking to enter into or to facilitate partnerships with others. The coding and interpretation of this data revealed a suite of twelve characteristics typical of effective natural resource management partnerships. These fell into five groups: (i) definitional characteristics (relating to effectiveness and shared power and responsibility) (ii) relationship characteristics (focusing on social capital building processes; communication; processes for knowledge acquisition and social learning; shared values, intent, action and risk-taking) (iii) participant characteristics (high levels of motivation and realistic expectations); (iv) a context characteristic (that the context is appropriate for a partnership) and (v) an 'outsider' perception characteristic (that the partnership is perceive positively by outsiders). A comparative analysis of cases reveals that only one of the nineteen cases exhibited all twelve characteristics. Importantly, three of these characteristics are not mentioned in the literature reviewed for this thesis. Two of these, share values and shared intent are relationship characteristics. Study findings emphasise that effective NRM partnerships are built on good personal relationships, based on shared values and intent. The third new characteristic is that people outside the partnership should perceive the relationship favourably. Since funds and other resources may be under the control of people outside a partnership, it is important that participants are able to effectively communicate their shared values and intent to others. Five factors were found to be significant in the development of effective partnerships (i) the need for participants and those brokering partnerships to realize that effective partnerships are built on positive personal relationships in which (ii) participants have high levels of motivation for being involved, particularly early in the relationship. The study further revealed that such relationships: (iii) need to be supported by a continuity of adequate funding and resources and (iv) the services of skilled, enthusiastic coordinators who (v) enjoy and are skilled at working in 'grey areas', the constantly changing social and organizational environment that is typical of NRM groups. These findings of the study are synthesized through a critical ethnography which depicts three years in the life of a typical, yet hypothetical, NRM group, the Armstrong Narrows-Yarooba Catchment Management Group (ANY Group). Based on the literature review and the analysis of results from this study, this composite story protects the anonymity of those who have participated in this research. Each of the three vignettes that make up this story contains two sections -As it was and As it could be. This 'double take approach' highlights the critical nature of the ethnography, emphasising how the development of collaborations and partnerships among members of NRM groups may be improved and evaluated. Coordinators, NRM group members and agencies supporting their efforts may use this ethnography as a basis for reflection and deliberation on the development of effective partnerships in natural resource management. Recommendations for how different stakeholders in NRM partnerships may develop the effectiveness of the partnerships they form are provided.
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Oliver, Peter Edward. "Developing Effective Partnerships in Natural Resource Management." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366618.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to understand and improve the effectiveness of partnerships formed by industry, community and government members of natural resource management (NRM) groups. The increasing popularity of partnership-based approaches to NRM is reflected in the rise of landcare, catchment management and other social mobilisation approaches throughout Australia and overseas. This thesis uses critical ethnographic methods to identify the characteristics of effective NRM partnerships and the factors influencing their effectiveness. This research also investigates appropriate methods for evaluating the effectiveness of such relationships and for determining when working in partnership with others may be the most appropriate response to a given NRM problem and context. The critical intent of the study means that it sought not only to understand the nature of such issues but also sought to enlighten and empower participants to improve the practice of partnerships in natural resource management. These characteristics and factors are analysed from three perspectives: the coordinators employed to broker and facilitate community-based NRM groups, the groups themselves and individual group members. This was done in order to reflect the importance of the continuous (re)negotiation of power that characterises long-term group relationships. It also enabled theories of power, cultural transformation, citizen participation, social capital and social learning to be used in the analysis of the NRM partnerships investigated in this study. These concepts were used to develop three tools for analysing NRM partnerships: a pendulum of citizen participation, an NRM citizen participation decision tree, and an NRM partnership typology. The study is based upon the analysis of nineteen cases, predominantly in South East Queensland, which were selected as examples of successful and effective NRM partnerships on the basis of referrals from regional managers and coordinators from State and Local Government. The research design was 'T' shaped, with Phase 1 of the study providing breadth through the analysis of fifteen partnerships. Depth was achieved in Phases 2 and 3. Phase 2 was a long-term ethnographic case study of one catchment management group while Phase 3 comprised a detailed analysis of three issue-specific partnerships formed by this group. These three phases concentrated on the viewpoint of coordinators, NRM groups and participants, respectively. Data on each of the nineteen cases were collected through interviews, field observations, workshops, document analyses and a short questionnaire. Data were analysed qualitatively. All data records were systematically coded to reveal themes and concepts relating to the research objectives from the viewpoints of coordinators, NRM groups and participants. Coding also revealed implications for governments seeking to enter into or to facilitate partnerships with others. The coding and interpretation of this data revealed a suite of twelve characteristics typical of effective natural resource management partnerships. These fell into five groups: (i) definitional characteristics (relating to effectiveness and shared power and responsibility) (ii) relationship characteristics (focusing on social capital building processes; communication; processes for knowledge acquisition and social learning; shared values, intent, action and risk-taking) (iii) participant characteristics (high levels of motivation and realistic expectations); (iv) a context characteristic (that the context is appropriate for a partnership) and (v) an 'outsider' perception characteristic (that the partnership is perceive positively by outsiders). A comparative analysis of cases reveals that only one of the nineteen cases exhibited all twelve characteristics. Importantly, three of these characteristics are not mentioned in the literature reviewed for this thesis. Two of these, share values and shared intent are relationship characteristics. Study findings emphasise that effective NRM partnerships are built on good personal relationships, based on shared values and intent. The third new characteristic is that people outside the partnership should perceive the relationship favourably. Since funds and other resources may be under the control of people outside a partnership, it is important that participants are able to effectively communicate their shared values and intent to others. Five factors were found to be significant in the development of effective partnerships (i) the need for participants and those brokering partnerships to realize that effective partnerships are built on positive personal relationships in which (ii) participants have high levels of motivation for being involved, particularly early in the relationship. The study further revealed that such relationships: (iii) need to be supported by a continuity of adequate funding and resources and (iv) the services of skilled, enthusiastic coordinators who (v) enjoy and are skilled at working in 'grey areas', the constantly changing social and organizational environment that is typical of NRM groups. These findings of the study are synthesized through a critical ethnography which depicts three years in the life of a typical, yet hypothetical, NRM group, the Armstrong Narrows-Yarooba Catchment Management Group (ANY Group). Based on the literature review and the analysis of results from this study, this composite story protects the anonymity of those who have participated in this research. Each of the three vignettes that make up this story contains two sections -As it was and As it could be. This 'double take approach' highlights the critical nature of the ethnography, emphasising how the development of collaborations and partnerships among members of NRM groups may be improved and evaluated. Coordinators, NRM group members and agencies supporting their efforts may use this ethnography as a basis for reflection and deliberation on the development of effective partnerships in natural resource management. Recommendations for how different stakeholders in NRM partnerships may develop the effectiveness of the partnerships they form are provided.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Australian Environmental Studies
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Huxford, Kirsten Maree Lake. "Tracing Tourism Translations: Opening the black box of development assistance in community-based tourism in Viet Nam." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5989.
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Tourism is a lens that provides unique insights into the social, cultural, political and economic processes operating in specific environments. In this study, the lens is directed at community-based tourism initiatives in northern Viet Nam that have been ‘facilitated’ by international development agencies. The potential of tourism as a tool for development is gaining increased recognition and popularity around the globe, despite widespread criticism in the academic literature based on the poor record of success. In Viet Nam, community-based tourism initiatives are increasingly being established with assistance from international development agencies, as a means of diversifying agricultural livelihoods in the hope of alleviating poverty. Based on six weeks of ethnographic fieldwork in northern Viet Nam, this research joins only a handful of tourism studies that have used actor-network theory (ANT) as a methodological approach for studying tourism. This thesis therefore provides an important contribution to the emerging dialogue on the potential of ANT to inform new understandings about tourism, as well as opening the black box of development-assisted community-based tourism in Viet Nam.
This research uses Callon’s (1986b) phases of translation to identify the actors in community-based tourism in Viet Nam, exploring the roles, relationships and strategies (per)formed by these actors as they attempt to enact CBT actor-networks. A discourse analysis shows how dominant discourses around knowledge and power homogenize groups such as host communities and tour operators, in ways that legitimise the interventions and actions of other actors, such as development agencies and government institutions. Exploring the dominant discourses around CBT opens a window into spaces within the actor-network of CBT where the workings of the actor-network are prescribed, taken for granted, and thus appear stable. However there are also spaces where the actor-networks are constantly negotiated, where meaning is contested and relationships between actors are fluid and dynamic. Out of these negotiated spaces agency emerges, and actor-networks are reconfigured as power relations shift and actors are transformed. This thesis explores some of these prescribed and negotiated spaces, showing the impact of specific power relations on material CBT outcomes and providing new understandings to inform development policy and practice.
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Le, Tuan Anh (Andrew). "Community-based Tourism and Development in the Periphery/Semi-periphery Interface of Viet Nam." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366327.
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Community-based tourism (CBT) is widely accepted as an effective facilitator of sustainable development that reduces exploitation and brings about benefits for local communities in the least developed and remote areas. However, whilst CBT can be a catalyst for local income and employment generation, its contribution to improving local development is often overestimated and inaccurately identified. This is in part because development and its measurement are mainly assessed by non-locals who do not adequately take into account the opinions of residents. There is increasing concern that most of the impetus and funding for CBT, and its ongoing product viability, is attributable to Western “experts” and development agencies, and that far too little attention has been paid to local perspectives, empowerment, and knowledge. With regard to a CBT context, there is presently no study that adequately explores the local community’s perception of “development”; how CBT contributes to achieving that development; what factors facilitate or inhibit CBT to this effect; and how CBT can be improved so that it serves more effectively to promote development.
Additionally, most studies focus on destinations in the classic periphery and neglect the fact that many CBT projects are found in the dynamic interface between the periphery and the rapidly expanding semi-periphery regions that represent the frontier of contemporary economic development in emerging economies such as Viet Nam. Importantly, this interface functions as a gateway to large tourist numbers, indicating a potential relationship between CBT – traditionally considered a manifestation of alternative tourism – and mass tourism.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Rasamoelina, Maminiaina Solonirina. "Adoption of sustainable forestry practices by Non-Industrial Private Forest owners in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27865.
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The concept of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) has been promoted in the past few decades all over the world. Non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners play an important role in that aspect in the U.S. because of their number (about 16 millions), the size of forest land under their control (about half of all forest land in the continental US), and the dynamism of their population (increasing number of new owners). This study sought to better understand how NIPF owners come to a decision for adoption (or non-adoption) of SFM practices. We developed a theoretical model combining four theories (the Value-Belief-Norm theory, the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Elaboration Likelihood Model, and the Innovation-Diffusion Process) to explain NIPFâ s decision making. Using multivariate analyses, we determined which elements of the developed theoretical model were significant in explaining adoption of eight groups of practices. Overall, some of the most significant predictors of adoption we identified were technical assistance, motivations for owning land and the use of a written management plan. Particular attention was also directed toward the eventual relationship between education and adoption of SFM practices and it was found that NIPF owners who attended educational programs tended to be likely adopters compared to those who did not attend any educational program. Since SFM was not limited to the US, we also analyzed the concept of SFM with the same goals as in the US, but under a completely different context (socio-cultural, economic and ecologic) in Africa, through the community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) system. We used four case studies and focused on criteria such as participation, equity (both procedural and distributive, power devolution, trust, etc) to analyze how CBNRM works on the field, what lessons to take from the cases to better ensure the goal of sustainability of the resources.Ph. D.
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Duong, Thanh Van. "Family, community -based social capital and educational attainment during the doi moi process in Viet Nam." 2004. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3118293.
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We still have a limited understanding of the factors leading to the large differences in educational attainment in the developing world. This empirical study attempted to gain a better understanding of educational attainment in developing countries by examining social factors in order to determine whether or not family- and community-based social capital affect Vietnamese students' educational attainment during the on-going renewal (doi moi) process in Viet Nam. The research design combined quantitative and qualitative methods in order to understand the complex factors associated with students' educational attainment. I conducted a survey in 360 households of six villages in the Me Linh district, Vinh Phuc province, Viet Nam, from March to September 2001. In addition, I used strategies to capture a range of ethnic, gender and rural variations. Descriptive statistics together with model testing from the surveys of households, teachers and community members, along with interpretive data from informal discussions and focus group interviews, situated the empirical analyses in a socio-cultural context. This study's central hypothesis is that family and community social capital increases students' educational attainment. The study examined the three types of capital within the family: financial capital, human capital and social capital. Using the logistic regression model I found that the mother's and the father's educational levels and the interaction between parents and children positively influenced the school attendance of children. The analyses of variances (ANOVA) also indicated that family social capital is important to the process of educational attainment, i.e. school attendance and educational achievement. Family social capital, combined with financial and human capital, has added a great deal to the educational attainment for children in Me Linh district. This study goes beyond the traditional status attainment model which concentrates heavily on socioeconomic status. Given the context of the current renewal in Viet Nam, social capital formation was found to be context specific in this study. Significantly, interpretive data revealed that poor children in rural areas of Viet Nam encountered a variety of problems related to economic constraints, household responsibilities, culture, and inadequate support on the part of schools and communities at large. Some of the problems identified were: rising cost of education, lack of access to educational resources, and irrelevance of education for ethnic minority children. This research offers several recommendations, such as: (1) Reinforcing the partnership web of family, community and family through educational policies; (2) Narrowing the gap between children from poor and non-poor families in their access to educational resources; (3) Developing strategies to improve the quality of education for all children in Viet Nam, especially for ethnic minority children.
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Godin, Patrice. "Écotourisme, outil efficace de développement et de conservation de l'environnement en RDP Lao? : étude de cas : le projet d'écotourisme « community-based » du Parc National Nam Ha, RDP Lao." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1932/1/M10742.pdf.
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Cette recherche examine la durabilité d'un projet communautaire «Community-based» d'écotourisme indigène dans l'aire protégée Nam Ha, située dans le nord de la République Démocratique Populaire Lao. Les autorités locales lao font depuis quelques années déjà la promotion de l'écotourisme en temps qu'outil efficace de conservation de la biodiversité et de réduction de la pauvreté. Ainsi, cette étude de cas examine plus particulièrement trois concepts majeurs de la définition de l'écotourisme, soit: 1) les contributions à l'égard de la conservation de l'environnement naturel local, 2) les bénéfices en termes de bien-être pour les communautés ethniques locales et 3) le développement d'outils et d'opportunités éducatifs tant pour les touristes que la population avoisinante, afin de déterminer l'ampleur des contributions de l'écotourisme à cet endroit. Dans le cadre de cette étude, la complexité du concept d'écotourisme a mené à l'adoption d'une méthode d'analyse, développée par Ross et Wall (1999a), qui évalue le caractère symbiotique de la relation entre les communautés locales, l'activité touristique et l'aire protégée, donc entre les trois pôles de l'écotourisme. La présente recherche se base sur une collecte de données diversifiée: une revue de la littérature, des entretiens, discussions, conférences et tables rondes qui réunissaient des acteurs locaux et également l'observation participative. Le développement de l'écotourisme en est encore à ses débuts à Nam Ha. Malgré cela, l'écotourisme apporte déjà des contributions économiques intéressantes aux communautés ethniques locales et à la conservation. Toutefois, il est apparu que le manque de transparence de la part des gestionnaires de l'aire protégée Nam Ha, les écarts de revenus provenant du tourisme entre les nombreux villages, la perte continuelle en matière de ressources naturelles et la faible présence d'activités éducatives offertes aux communautés locales pourraient mettre en péril l'expérience naturelle offerte aux touristes et la pérennité du projet d'écotourisme. Ces enjeux soulignent le besoin de modifier les pratiques écotouristiques actuelles au Laos dans le but de renforcer la durabilité de l'écotourisme et ses contributions aux spbères économique, sociale et environnementale. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Écotourisme, Développement durable, RDP Lao, Conservation.
Books on the topic "Community-based NRM"
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National Rural Health Mission (India). Task force on Community Monitoring. Managers' manual on community based monitoring of health services under National Rural Health Mission: Drawing from NRHM framework of implementation. New Delhi: Published on behalf of Advisory Group on Community Action by National Secretariat on Community Action--NRHM, 2008.
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National Rural Health Mission (India). Task force on Community Monitoring. Managers' manual on community based monotoring of health services under National Rural Health Mission: Drawing from NRHM framework of implementation. New Delhi: Centre for Health and Social Justice, 2008.
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Khunte, Prashant. People are reclaiming the public health system...: Qualitative report on community based monitoring and planning of health services in Maharashtra supported by NRHM. Pune: Sathi, 2012.
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F, Newkirk G., and Brzeski Veronika J. 1964-, eds. Lessons from the lagoon: Research toward community based coastal resources management in Tam Giang Lagoon, Viet Nam. Halifax, N.S: Coastal Resources Research Network, Dalhousie University, 2000.
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Horatia Muir, Watt. Part III Regimes and Doctrines, Ch.42 Theorizing Private International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0043.
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This chapter focuses on the social and economic consequences of private international law, both for the distribution of power in a transnational setting and for issues of identity and community in a world in which new polities are emerging. Furthermore, it highlights the potential insights provided by each of three explanatory models, which in some novel combination may help pave the way towards a renewed theoretical approach to private international law. The three models to be considered are based on conflict, cooperation, and competition. Each uses a distinct vocabulary: protection of sovereignty or state interests, conflicts of systems or, more recently, norm-collision; international harmony, comity, enlightened self-interest, or the mutual convenience of nations; and regulatory arbitrage and competition, a free market for legal products and judicial services, and the interests of the business community.
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Norton, Barley. Orchestrating the nation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199352227.003.0017.
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This chapter addresses the cultural politics, history and revival of Vietnamese court orchestras, which were first established at the beginning of the Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945). Based on fieldwork in the city of Hue, it considers the decolonizing processes that have enabled Vietnamese court orchestras to take their place alongside other East Asian court orchestras as a display of national identity in the global community of nations. The metaphor of ‘orchestrating the nation’ is used to refer to the ways in which Vietnamese orchestras have been harnessed for sociopolitical ends in several historical periods. Court orchestras as heritage have recourse to a generic, precolonial past, yet they are not entirely uncoupled from local roots. Through a case-study of the revival of the Nam Giao Sacrifice, a ritual for ‘venerating heaven’, the chapter addresses the dynamics of interaction and exchange between staged performances of national heritage and local Buddhist and ancestor worship rituals. It argues that with growing concern about global climate change, the spiritual and ecological resonances of the Nam Giao Sacrifice have provided opportunities for the Party-state to reassert its position as the supreme guardian of the nation and its people.
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Douglas, Kevin S., Tonia L. Nicholls, and Johann Brink. Interventions for the Reduction of Violence by Persons with Serious Mental Illnesses. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.34.
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Violence perpetrated by persons with serious mental illness (SMI), although certainly not the norm among this group, is of clinical and legal import in numerous legal settings. Among these are civil commitment, forensic psychiatry (insanity acquittees), and the criminal justice system. In this chapter, we provide a critical review of interventions and their empirical support that are used to reduce violence among persons with SMI. Promising findings support the use of cognitive behavioral, social learning, and cognitive skills approaches that are consistent with the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) approach to crime and violence prevention. Anger management remains a promising, focused intervention with reasonable support in the literature. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) has substantial general support. Community-based mandatory service programs such as outpatient commitment and mental health courts appear effective. Finally, the evidence base for the violence-reducing effect of certain psychotropic medication, particularly clozapine, is promising yet inconsistent.
Book chapters on the topic "Community-based NRM"
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Zhang, Yu, Jaeok Park, and Mihaela van der Schaar. "Designing Social Norm Based Incentive Schemes to Sustain Cooperation in a Large Community." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 578–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30373-9_40.
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Le, Tuan-Anh, David Weaver, and Laura Lawton. "Community-Based Tourism and Development in the Periphery/Semi-periphery Interface: A Case Study from Viet Nam." In Environmental Challenges and Solutions, 161–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7209-9_10.
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Gazzini, Tarcisio. "Beyond Protection: The Role of the Home State in Modern Foreign Investment Law." In Public Actors in International Investment Law, 19–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_2.
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AbstractThe chapter examines the evolution of the role of the home state in foreign investment law. Traditionally, such a role was essentially limited to norm-setting and protecting nationals and national companies abroad. Protection was typically offered through diplomatic protection, which was based on the legal fiction that the state was vindicating its own right. The conclusion of modern investment treaties, the progressive emancipation of foreign investors and the development of investor-state arbitration meant a marginalisation of the home state. Some recent treaties, however, have paved the way for a new role for the home state that goes well beyond protection of its nationals and national companies. Innovative provisions have introduced obligations and responsibilities for the home state, especially with regard to the fight against corruption and the liability of its own investors. It remains to be seen to which extent these provisions will spread across the international community of states.
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Nguyen, Thu Hoai. "Climate Change Adaptation in Fisheries Livelihoods Associated with Mangrove Forests in Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam: A Case Study in Giao An Commune, Giao Thuy District, Nam Dinh Province." In Interlocal Adaptations to Climate Change in East and Southeast Asia, 77–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81207-2_7.
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AbstractAs a commune leading in movements of implementing climate change adaptive fisheries livelihood models associated with mangroves such as improved extensive shrimp farming and community-based mangrove management, Giao An has obtained great achievements in all three areas of the economy, society, and environment. Compared with similar models carried out in other regions, the models have created linkages for the development of production activities. The following sharing is expected to contribute more useful information and recommendations for the livelihood development of the study site as well as to be a source of reference for areas with the same conditions.
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Starke, Ludger, Karsten Tabelow, Thoralf Niendorf, and Andreas Pohlmann. "Denoising for Improved Parametric MRI of the Kidney: Protocol for Nonlocal Means Filtering." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 565–76. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_34.
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AbstractIn order to tackle the challenges caused by the variability in estimated MRI parameters (e.g., T2* and T2) due to low SNR a number of strategies can be followed. One approach is postprocessing of the acquired data with a filter. The basic idea is that MR images possess a local spatial structure that is characterized by equal, or at least similar, noise-free signal values in vicinities of a location. Then, local averaging of the signal reduces the noise component of the signal. In contrast, nonlocal means filtering defines the weights for averaging not only within the local vicinity, bur it compares the image intensities between all voxels to define “nonlocal” weights. Furthermore, it generally compares not only single-voxel intensities but small spatial patches of the data to better account for extended similar patterns. Here we describe how to use an open source NLM filter tool to denoise 2D MR image series of the kidney used for parametric mapping of the relaxation times T2* and T2.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Ashby, William J., and Bonnie B. Fonseca-Greber. "A new look at ‘ne’ loss in the Spoken French of Tours." In On Spoken French, 419–50. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.226.c32.
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Although the standard French norm prescribes that negation is marked twice in the verb phrase (ne…pas), contemporary usage prefers to drop the first element (ne) in Spoken French. In a 1981 article based on a corpus of Spoken French recorded in Tours in 1976, Ashby brought to light a significant co-variation/correlation between ne loss and speaker age: younger speakers dropped ne much more often than older speakers. This distribution seems to stem from a change in apparent time. However, as Labov (1994) notes, a linguistic feature that is more frequent in younger speakers does not necessarily indicate change in progress. One could assume that it could be due to age-grading, a phenomenon whereby speakers alter their linguistic behavior over the course of their lifetimes, while the grammar of the speech community remains stable and does not change. In order to distinguish between these two hypotheses (change in progress on the one hand, age grading on the other), this study compares distributions of the linguistic variable ne at two different points in time: the 1976 Tours corpus is paired with a new Tours corpus recorded in 1995. This comparison shows in real time that the loss of ne has accelerated – a finding which supports the change in progress hypothesis.
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Devare, Medha, Elizabeth Arnaud, Erick Antezana, and Brian King. "Governing Agricultural Data: Challenges and Recommendations." In Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development, 201–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6_11.
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AbstractThe biomedical domain has shown that in silico analyses over vast data pools enhances the speed and scale of scientific innovation. This can hold true in agricultural research and guide similar multi-stakeholder action in service of global food security as well (Streich et al. Curr Opin Biotechnol 61:217–225. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.010, 2020). However, entrenched research culture and data and standards governance issues to enable data interoperability and ease of reuse continue to be roadblocks in the agricultural research for development sector. Effective operationalization of the FAIR Data Principles towards Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable data requires that agricultural researchers accept that their responsibilities in a digital age include the stewardship of data assets to assure long-term preservation, access and reuse. The development and adoption of common agricultural data standards are key to assuring good stewardship, but face several challenges, including limited awareness about standards compliance; lagging data science capacity; emphasis on data collection rather than reuse; and limited fund allocation for data and standards management. Community-based hurdles around the development and governance of standards and fostering their adoption also abound. This chapter discusses challenges and possible solutions to making FAIR agricultural data assets the norm rather than the exception to catalyze a much-needed revolution towards “translational agriculture”.
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Bryson, Bonnie F. "Corps of Engineers Natural Resources Management (NRM) Gateway." In Knowledge Networks, 199–216. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-976-2.ch014.
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This chapter describes the development of a knowledge management-based website that serves a community of practice within a federal agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Natural Resources Management Community of Practice. Content development workshops that are conducted as an effective method of creating new content and updating existing content on the website are also described. This successful model may be used by other agencies and organizations to develop and share organizational information in an easily retrievable manner.
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Salt, David. "A brief history of agri-environment policy in Australia: From community-based NRM to market-based instruments." In Learning from agri-environment schemes in Australia: Investing in biodiversity and other ecosystem services on farms. ANU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/lfaesa.05.2016.07.
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Lim, Jan H. M., Larry Yeung, and Pieter Van den Broeck. "Building Communities through Neighbourhood-based Participatory Planning in Singapore." In Emerging Civic Urbanisms in Asia. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728546_ch09.
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This chapter reflects on the community-building potential of neighbourhood- based participatory planning processes, based on a non-profit organization’s experiences in Singapore’s Neighbourhood Renewal Programmes (NRPs). The NRP is a key government framework for resident participation in the revival of middle-aged public housing estates. Using a strategic-relational institutionalist approach, this chapter highlights how the capacity of the NRP to build relationships, and thereby enable local residents to take collective action and influence decision-making, is shaped by the dialectical interactions between various actors and institutions. It concludes that these actor-institution dynamics, as seen in four instances of the NRP, privilege the fostering of social cohesion and the observance of rules and procedures, over the empowerment of residents.
Conference papers on the topic "Community-based NRM"
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Modarresi, Amir, Ali Mamat, Hamidah Ibrahim, and Norwati Mustapha. "How Community-Based Peer-to-Peer Social Networks Can Affect Query Routing?" In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management (NCM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncm.2008.158.
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Farias, Victor Garcia, Rodrigo Santos, Igor Wiese, Alexander Serebrenik, and Eleni Constantinou. "Investigating Power Relations in Open Source Software Ecosystems." In Anais Estendidos do Congresso Brasileiro de Software: Teoria e Prática. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/cbsoft_estendido.2021.17282.
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Context: Relationships within open-source software ecosystems (OSSECO) emerge from collaborations within an ecosystem. Power relations are present in this context whenever an entity has the power of making other entities act as it wants them to act. Therefore, these power relations could affect collaboration within an OSSECO. Objective: This research aims at investigating power relations and providing an understanding of them in OSSECO. A conceptual model will be refined and will represent the power relations and their dynamics. Method: A systematic mapping study was conducted to gather knowledge about power relations from previous studies, and a survey research, considering this knowledge, was conducted with randomly selected npm OSSECO community members to evaluate that knowledge. Next, interviews with selected ecosystem community members will be conducted to identify the types of power relations and their dynamics within an OSSECO. Based on the results from the previous phases, a conceptual model to represent power relations and their dynamics in OSSECO will be refined. Results: The literature review and the survey research with the npm OSSECO community show that, as expected, power relations are present and affect relationships and interactions within an OSSECO. Hierarchy and financial rewards seem to be related to the power relations within the OSSECO. Implications: Identifying power relations that might be present within an OSSECO would enable those who study or are members of the ecosystem's community to understand previous movements and predict future decisions based on the power relations present in their OSSECO.
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Hong, Chung-Pyo, Eo-Hyung Lee, and Shin-Dug Kim. "An Efficient Scheme to Construct Virtual Community for Multimedia Content Sharing Based on Profile in a Ubiquitous Computing Environment." In 2009 Fifth International Joint Conference on INC, IMS and IDC. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncm.2009.86.
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Konishi, Katsumi, and Toshiaki Toyama. "Community identification in dynamic social networks based on H2 norm analysis: A new approach from control theory." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2008.4811727.
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Chapman, James R., K. Raymond Fine, and C. Rick Grantom. "Risk Insights and Use Based on Fukushima Accident." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16834.
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A beyond design basis event resulted in severe core damage at 3 units at Fukushima Dai-iche. In response the International community identified lessons learned, conducted initial stress tests, and requested nuclear power plant operators to conduct additional evaluations and act on the results of these evaluations. In the US actions have included development of enhanced strategies to deal with an extended loss of offsite power or the ultimate heat sink, design and procurement of portable equipment to support core cooling indefinitely, and external hazard evaluations. The key external hazard evaluations are related to external flooding and seismic hazards. In addition to directed evaluations, NRC, ASME and NEI are pursuing refinements to the risk informed approach to decision making. The use of PRA in a risk informed decision making process, combined with defense in depth and safety margin considerations, has expanded considerably in the past two decades. So the questions addressed in this paper are: Why expand this approach further? How are PRA and traditional practices balanced? And what is the outcome if we do not expand this approach? The insights are based on the ongoing activity by NRC to address Near Term Task Form (NTTF) Recommendation 1 [1,2] NUREG-2150 [3] which proposes a more risk informed regulatory process, ASME [4] and Industry activity lead by the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) [5]; and past and ongoing uses of PRA. In summary, the paper concludes that an improved and increased use of a risk informed process is appropriate so as to better address lessons learned from the events at Fukushima, to better understand and act on limiting plant features (“vulnerabilities”), and have a framework in place to address any future beyond design basis events or new information more coherently. A key lesson learned from Fukushima Dai-ichi is that PRA can identify vulnerabilities which can be acted on to reduce the potential for loss of another plant. But this requires the International community to embrace PRA, and to date the International community has not. This is because most in the Industry rely on checklists and are challenged to envision low frequency high consequence events.
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MIKUŠOVÁ, Beáta, Nikoleta JAKUŠ, and Marián HOLÚBEK. "Voluntary cooperation of citizens in the community model of public service delivery." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-9.
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Most of the developed countries have implemented new principles of public sector reform – new approaches to the management of the public sector. A major feature of the new public management (NPM) is the introduction of market type mechanisms (MTM) to the running of public service organizations: the marketization of the public service. The marketization of public services aims at a continuous increase in public expenditure efficiency, continual improvements in public services quality, the implementation of the professional management tools in the public sector, and last but not least, charge for public services. Price of public services in mainstream economics theory is connected with preference revelation problem. Economic models explain the relationship between consumer behavior (revealed preferences) and the value of public goods, and thus determine the value of the goods themselves. The aim of the paper is to determine the success of the community model of public service delivery based on the demonstrated preferences of individuals in the consumption of public services / public goods. The direct way of determining the preferences of individuals was used in this paper (willigness to pay and willigness to accept). These preferences will be identified based on the crowdfunding campaign as an example of community model of public goods provision by using survey experiment method. The willingness of individuals to pay is dependent on the individual's relationship with the organisation, the organisation's employees, or sympathise with those for whom the collection is, for whom the project is designed.
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Stefanini, L., C. Versteylen, F. S. L. Pangukir, H. J. Uitslag-Doolaard, and F. H. E. de Haan - de Wilde. "Pressurized Thermal Shock Analysis With Sub-Modeling." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61794.
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Abstract In 2020, the CFD analyses have been performed on a whole reactor vessel model. The action of accumulators during the PTS transient was considered. Using these data, an attempt to the efficient use of sub-modelling is carried out in order to obtain a strong reduction in the computational costs compared to a full 3D analysis. The analyses were given a probabilistic view by using the Master Curve approach for determining the material(s) fracture toughness. In parallel with these activities, a literature review work was carried out at NRG. The single temperature dependence of the Master Curve was incorporated into characterizations of fracture toughness for all RPV steels of interest such as SA 508 Grade 3 and Grade 4N for both forging and weld material. The literature review helps to prove that the Master Curve approach models the temperature dependence of fracture toughness for a generic pressure vessel before and after irradiation. This is because all of these steels have a BCC matrix phase lattice structure. Based on ASTM E1921, the types of microstructure falling under a BBC matrix, such as bainite, tempered bainite, tempered martensite, ferrite and pearlite, could also be evaluated using the Master Curve model. Furthermore, it is found that the chemical composition is one of parameter to look for as driving force in embrittlement RPV due to irradiation. For the very high nickel steels examined (SA508 Grade 4N), when not combined with copper and moderate manganese, irradiation is not a serious embrittling agent. This paper describes the work performed at NRG in the years 2017–2020 in investigting the Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) phenomenon, summarizes the achievements and gives a general judgement of the lessons learned. Moreover, this paper aims to illustrate the scope of planned research on PTS and its role in the new NRG research program PIONIER 2021–2024. An overview of NRG’s effort to align itself with the international community is given. Particular attention is given to the probabilistic problematic related to PTS. In order to better understand this problematic and improve the current state of knowledge NRG will create a PFM tool. The tool aims to use the best practices from existing PFM software to try to answer to questions requiring attention (e.g. thermal-hydraulic uncertainty). The experience accumulated during the previous activities will be included in the tool.
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Dickson, T. L., and M. T. EricksonKirk. "Scoping Analyses of Parameterized Cool-Down Transients Associated With Reactor Shutdown." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26865.
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The current regulations, as set forth by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), to insure that light-water nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) maintain their structural integrity when subjected to planned startup (heat-up) and shutdown (cool-down) transients are specified in Appendix G to 10 CFR Part 50, which incorporates by reference Appendix G to Section XI of the ASME Code. The technical basis for these regulations contains many aspects that are now broadly recognized by the technical community as being unnecessarily conservative. During the past decade, the NRC conducted the interdisciplinary Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) Re-evaluation Project that established a technical basis to support a risk-informed revision to current PTS regulations (10CFR Part 50.61). Once the results of the PTS reevaluation are incorporated into a revision of the 10 CFR 50 guidance on PTS, it is anticipated that the regulatory requirements for the fracture toughness of the RPV required to withstand a PTS event (accidental loading) will in some cases be less restrictive than the current requirements of Appendix G to 10 CFR Part 50, which apply to normal operating conditions. This logical inconsistency occurs because the new PTS guidelines will be based on realistic models and inputs whereas existing Appendix G requirements contain known and substantial conservatisms. Consequently, a goal of current NRC research is to derive a technical basis for a risk-informed revision to the current requirements of Appendix G to 10 CFR Part 50 in a manner that is consistent with that used to develop the risk-informed revision to the PTS regulations. Scoping probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analyses have been performed for several hundred parameterized cool-down transients to (1) obtain insights regarding the interaction of operating temperature and pressure parameters on the conditional probability of crack initiation and vessel failure and (2) determine the limits on the permissible combinations of operating temperature and pressure within which the reactor may be brought into or out of an operational condition that remains below the acceptance criteria adopted for PTS of 1 × 10−6 failed RPVs per reactor operating year. This paper discusses the modeling assumptions, results, and implications of these scoping analyses.
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Fong, Jeffrey T., N. A. Heckert, J. J. Filliben, and Stephen W. Freiman. "A Co-Reliability-Target-Based Fatigue Failure Probability Model for Implementing the New ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Section XI Division 2 Reliability and Integrity Management Code: A Technical Brief." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93508.
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Abstract ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping Code (BPVC) Section XI Committee Division 2 has recently completed the development of a proposed new code named the “Reliability and Integrity Management (RIM).” RIM was developed using the system-based code (SBC) concept proposed by the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) in 2012. Key to the SBC concept is the requirement for the establishment of a co-reliability target (or, reliability-index target by JSME terminology). Such target is usually in the low probability ranges such as 1.0 E−8 to 1.0 E−3. In a paper presented at the 2018 International Symposium on Structural Integrity (ISSI2018), Nov. 2–5, 2018, Nanjing, China, we developed a new theory of fatigue and creep rupture life modeling for metal alloys at room and elevated temperatures such that the co-reliability target can be estimated from fatigue and creep tupture test data. To illustrate an application of this new modeling approach, we included two numerical examples using (a) the fatigue failure data of six AISI 4340 steel specimens at room temperature (Dowling, N. E., 1973) and (b) the creep rupture time data of 37 specimens of 1.3Mn-0.5Mo-0.5Ni steel plates at 500 C (NRIM, 1987). Since the ASME BPVC Section XI Div. 2 RIM Code has just been developed, and the information in that yet-to-be-published ISSI2018 Proceedings is critical to the implementation of that RIM Code, it is, therefore, of interest to the engineering community to have a preview of that information in the form of a technical brief as described in this PVP2019 conference paper.
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Orlean, Robert H., Robert W. Patterson, Nancy J. Currie-Gregg, and Charles R. Justiz. "Accelerating the Rate of Safety Innovation - A New Model." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31905-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents a different and more proactive approach to safety innovation based on work done in support of General Aviation (GA) safety improvement. The approach is highly transferable to other industries and environments and delivers systematic means to proactively evaluate and manage both safety innovations and the rate of creation of safety innovations to improve safety performance. Theoretical root cause models of two of the leading causes of general aviation fatalities were developed by a team of highly experienced aviation and industry experts. This approach was novel in that the selection of these two "classes of accidents" was proactive, based on historical data for the major causes of fatalities. The models therefore represent a complete and theoretical picture of fatalities causes, rather than being based on specific investigations that address individual incidents as is the norm in our industry. This approach led to several surprising and valuable findings. First, development of the models created a deep and complete picture of potential fatality causes across a class of accidents and thus created a shared and common understanding of hazards as well as common causal language transferable across the GA community and beyond. Second, the breadth and complexity of the models revealed the need to apply weighting factors to identify hazard causes to focus innovation attention and optimize innovation investments. However, since there are no shared causal models, accident investigations and data are not gathered or structured to align with these. In turn, this makes the understanding of accident causes less consistent, and probabilistic analysis of causes difficult at best. Third, with shared causal models and aligned data, systematic innovation is enabled. This "active learning cycle" creates a systematic yet open-source process that can be managed and measured proactively, focusing on the most valuable improvements to emphasize. Accountability for improvement can then be established to further drive innovation and progress. Ultimately, an active learning cycle transforms traditional, reactive accident investigations and mitigations into a systematic, purposeful, and measurable process for proactive safety performance improvement. Also, with common language, data and processes, cross industry safety challenges can be addressed cooperatively, and innovations can be leveraged.
Reports on the topic "Community-based NRM"
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Mir, Ali, Saleem Shaikh, Mumraiz Khan, Irfan Masood, Mansoor Qaisar, Sabahat Hussain, and Rehan Niazi. Using the community informant-based (MADE-IN and MADE-FOR) methodology to estimate the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A feasibility study. Population Council, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh8.1085.
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Mai Phuong, Nguyen, Hanna North, Duong Minh Tuan, and Nguyen Manh Cuong. Assessment of women’s benefits and constraints in participating in agroforestry exemplar landscapes. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21015.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Participating in the exemplar landscapes of the Developing and Promoting Market-Based Agroforestry and Forest Rehabilitation Options for Northwest Vietnam project has had positive impacts on ethnic women, such as increasing their networks and decision-making and public speaking skills. However, the rate of female farmers accessing and using project extension material or participating in project nurseries and applying agroforestry techniques was limited. This requires understanding of the real needs and interests grounded in the socio-cultural contexts of the ethnic groups living in the Northern Mountain Region in Viet Nam, who have unique social and cultural norms and values. The case studies show that agricultural activities are highly gendered: men and women play specific roles and have different, particular constraints and interests. Women are highly constrained by gender norms, access to resources, decision-making power and a prevailing positive-feedback loop of time poverty, especially in the Hmong community. A holistic, timesaving approach to addressing women’s daily activities could reduce the effects of time poverty and increase project participation. As women were highly willing to share project information, the project’s impacts would be more successful with increased participation by women through utilizing informal channels of communication and knowledge dissemination. Extension material designed for ethnic women should have less text and more visuals. Access to information is a critical constraint that perpetuates the norm that men are decision-makers, thereby, enhancing their perceived ownership, whereas women have limited access to information and so leave final decisions to men, especially in Hmong families. Older Hmong women have a Vietnamese (Kinh) language barrier, which further prevents them from accessing the project’s material. Further research into an adaptive framework that can be applied in a variety of contexts is recommended. This framework should prioritize time-saving activities for women and include material highlighting key considerations to maintain accountability among the project’s support staff.