Journal articles on the topic 'Community based natural resource management'

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1

Stone, Moren Tibabo, and Gyan Nyaupane. "Rethinkingcommunityin community-based natural resource management." Community Development 45, no. 1 (October 16, 2013): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2013.844192.

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Kumar, Chetan. "Revisiting ‘community’ in community-based natural resource management." Community Development Journal 40, no. 3 (February 25, 2005): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsi036.

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Ayoo, Collins. "Community‐based natural resource management in Kenya." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 18, no. 5 (August 14, 2007): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830710778292.

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Murray, Grant, Andrew Agyare, Philip Dearden, and Rick Rollins. "Devolution, coordination, and community-based natural resource management in Ghana’s community resource management areas." African Geographical Review 38, no. 4 (February 21, 2018): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2018.1426022.

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5

Fabricius, C., and S. Collins. "Community-based natural resource management: governing the commons." Water Policy 9, S2 (November 1, 2007): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.132.

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Community-based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) focuses on the collective management of ecosystems to promote human well-being and aims to devolve authority for ecosystem management to the local (community) level. CBNRM therefore requires strong investments in capacity development of local institutions and governance structures. CBNRM has come under strong criticism for its failures to deliver real benefits to communities. In this paper we explore the reasons for the frequent failure of CBNRM. We postulate that good governance buffers CBNRM against unexpected change, notably conflicts, especially in the early stages when income generation, infrastructure development and capacity development have not yet taken place. We assess the key characteristics of CBNRM governance systems that could perform this buffering function, using case study examples from Macubeni, Nqabara, Makuleke and Richtersveld to support our propositions. In our case studies, 11 strategies have been used to increase the incidence of success of CBNRM: understand and describe the social-ecological system; establish and communicate a clear vision; build on local organizations; plan ahead; create rules for resource use and enforce them; communicate the vision, plan and rules; develop management capacity; finance the initial stages of the initiative; work within available legal frameworks; monitor and learn all the time; and create lasting incentives. Despite these strategies there are, however, a number of obstinate implementation challenges, related to governance shortcomings and external factors which management cannot control. We therefore propose seven additional strategies to promote good governance in CBNRM: 1. Develop knowledge networks that draw on the experience and wisdom of a wide range of key individuals. 2. Establish formalised decision-making structures (e.g. multi-level project steering committees) with clear constitutions and codes of conduct. 3. Clearly define and legitimise conflict resolution procedures. 4. Ensure acceptance of the governance structure by community members. 5. Obtain formal commitment to well-defined roles and responsibilities by key individuals. 6. Establish tangible incentives to key individuals for meeting their commitments. 7. Develop the capacity for facilitation to promote communication. Local communities, government and scientists have important roles to play in maintaining these knowledge and governance networks through adaptive co-management.
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MILUPI, I. D. "A REVIEW OF COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 15, no. 4 (2017): 1121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1504_11211143.

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KAHLER, JESSICA S., GARY J. ROLOFF, and MEREDITH L. GORE. "Poaching Risks in Community-Based Natural Resource Management." Conservation Biology 27, no. 1 (November 19, 2012): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01960.x.

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8

Armitage, Derek. "Adaptive Capacity and Community-Based Natural Resource Management." Environmental Management 35, no. 6 (May 27, 2005): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0076-z.

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Lauber, T. Bruce, Daniel J. Decker, and Barbara A. Knuth. "Social Networks and Community-Based Natural Resource Management." Environmental Management 42, no. 4 (August 14, 2008): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-008-9181-8.

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Reid, Hannah. "Ecosystem- and community-based adaptation: learning from community-based natural resource management." Climate and Development 8, no. 1 (May 2015): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1034233.

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TWYMAN, CHASCA. "Participatory Conservation? Community-based Natural Resource Management in Botswana." Geographical Journal 166, no. 4 (December 2000): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2000.tb00034.x.

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12

Dale, Allan, Karen Vella, Sarah Ryan, Kathleen Broderick, Rosemary Hill, Ruth Potts, and Tom Brewer. "Governing Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Australia: International Implications." Land 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070234.

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Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has grown in stature as a key component of many national natural resource and rural development governance systems. Despite their growth, the integrity of CBNRM governance systems has rarely been analysed in a national context. To enhance dialogue about how best to design and deploy such systems nationally, this paper analyses the Australian system in detail. The Australian system was selected because the nation has a globally recognised and strong history of CBNRM approaches. We first contextualise the international emergence of national CBRM governance systems before analysing the Australian system. We find that a theoretically informed approach recognising regions as the anchors in brokering multi-scale CBNRM was applied between 2000 and 2007. Subsequent policy, while strengthening indigenous roles, has tended to weaken regional brokering, Commonwealth–state cooperation and research collaboration. Our findings and consequent emerging lessons can inform Australian policy makers and other nations looking to establish (or to reform existing) CBNRM governance systems. Equally, the research approach taken represents the application of an emerging new theoretical framework for analysing complex governance systems.
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13

de Beer, F. "Community-based natural resource management: living with Alice in Wonderland?" Community Development Journal 48, no. 4 (November 15, 2012): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bss058.

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14

Cox, Michael, Sergio Villamayor-Tomas, and Yasha Hartberg. "The Role of Religion in Community-based Natural Resource Management." World Development 54 (February 2014): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.07.010.

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15

Schnegg, Michael. "Institutional multiplexity: social networks and community-based natural resource management." Sustainability Science 13, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 1017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0549-2.

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Adhikari, Bhim, and Jon C. Lovett. "Transaction costs and community-based natural resource management in Nepal." Journal of Environmental Management 78, no. 1 (January 2006): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.005.

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17

Swatuk, Larry A. "From “Project” to “Context”: Community Based Natural Resource Management in Botswana." Global Environmental Politics 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380054794925.

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Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs presently proliferate across the Global South. In Southern Africa, CBNRM overwhelmingly focuses on wildlife conservation in areas adjacent to national parks and game reserves. The objects of these development activities are remote communities that exhibit the highest levels of poverty in the region, the consequences of which are sometimes resource degradation. CBNRM seeks to empower and enrich the lives of these communities through the active co-management of their natural resource base. Almost without exception, however, CBNRM projects have had disappointing results. Common explanations lay blame at the feet of local people who are seen to lack capacity and will, among other things. This paper contests this explanation by subjecting the particular case of Botswana to a deeper, critical political ecology analysis. Drawing on insights from Homer-Dixon regarding resource capture and ecological marginalization, and from Acharya regarding the localization of global norms, the paper argues that CBNRM is better understood as a discursive site wherein diverse actors bring unequal power/knowledge to bear in the pursuit of particular interests. In Botswana this manifests at a local level as an on-going struggle over access to land and related resources. However, given that CBNRM is supported by a wide array of international actors, forming perhaps the thin edge of a wider wedge in support of democratization, good governance and biodiversity preservation, locally empowered actors are forced to adapt their interests to the strictures of emergent structures of global governance. The outcome is a complex interplay of activities whereby CBNRM is realized but not in a form anticipated by its primary supporters.
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Ramya, Tame. "Livelihood Patterns and Resource Management among Bangru Community of Arunachal Pradesh." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.5119.6.

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Livelihood of a community comprises of the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. The economic life of the Bangru is based on shifting as well as terraced cultivation because of the geo-morphological condition of their habitat. The food deficit is supplemented by occasional hunting, fishing and forest collection. Within this backdrop, the present paper is aimed to discuss the livelihood patterns of the Bangru, a numerically weak and marginalised community located in Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh. Based on extensive fieldworks, this paper also tries to underscore the utilization and management of natural resources like land, water and forest by this lesser-known community. Further it also deals with the diverse belief systems and resource perception of the Bangrus who are still having close linkages with nature.
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Baddianaah, Issah, and Louis Baaweh. "The prospects of community-based natural resource management in Ghana: A case study of Zukpiri community resource management area." Heliyon 7, no. 10 (October 2021): e08187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08187.

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CLARKE, PEPE, and STACY D. JUPITER. "Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji)." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 1 (March 2010): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000354.

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SUMMARYNational laws and institutions interact with local governance systems to encourage CBNRM in some cases while creating conflict in others. A case study of Kubulau District (Bua Province, Fiji) illustrates the challenges and successes of implementing traditional community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) within a pluralist legal and institutional context. In 2005, the communities of Kubulau established a network of protected areas, including 17 traditional closures (tabu), three no-take district marine reserves, a legally–declared forest reserve and a proposed forest reserve, managed under an integrated ‘ridge-to-reef’ plan. Marine and terrestrial areas in Kubulau illustrate synergies and discord between national laws and community management rules, and provide examples of management success and conflict. Key components influencing diverse management outcomes in Kubulau include (1) the legal status of customary resource tenure, (2) incorporation of local knowledge, traditions and priorities, (3) clearly articulated relationships between local decision-making processes and government regulation, and (4) perceived equity in distribution of management benefits. Legal and institutional reforms are proposed to improve management of natural resources in Fiji.
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21

Mbidzo, Meed, Helen Newing, and Jessica P. R. Thorn. "Can Nationally Prescribed Institutional Arrangements Enable Community-Based Conservation? An Analysis of Conservancies and Community Forests in the Zambezi Region of Namibia." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2021): 10663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910663.

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Community-based conservation is advocated as an idea that long-term conservation success requires engaging with, providing benefits for, and establishing institutions representing local communities. However, community-based conservation’s efficacy and impact in sustainable resource management varies depending on national natural resource policies and implications for local institutional arrangements. This paper analyses the significance of natural resource management policies and institutional design on the management of common pool resources (CPRs), by comparing Namibian conservancies and community forests. To meet this aim, we reviewed key national policies pertinent to natural resource governance and conducted 28 semi-structured interviews between 2012 and 2013. Key informants included conservancy and community forest staff and committee members, village headmen, NGO coordinators, regional foresters, wildlife officials (wardens), and senior government officials in the Ministry of Environment and Tourism and the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry. We explored the following questions: how do national natural resource management policies affect the operations of local common pool resource institutions? and how do external factors affect local institutions and community participation in CPRs decision-making? Our results show that a diversity of national policies significantly influenced local institutional arrangements. Formation of conservancies and community forests by communities is not only directly linked with state policies designed to increase wildlife numbers and promote forest growth or improve condition, but also formulated primarily for benefits from and control over natural resources. The often-assumed direct relationship between national policies and local institutional arrangements does not always hold in practice, resulting in institutional mismatch. We aim to advance theoretical and applied discourse on common pool resource governance in social-ecological systems, with implications for sustainable land management policies in Namibia and other landscapes across sub-Saharan Africa.
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22

Stone, Moren T., and Christian M. Rogerson. "Community-Based Natural Resource Management and Tourism: Nata Bird Sanctuary, Botswana." Tourism Review International 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427211x13139345020570.

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23

Robinson, Lance W., Bedasa Eba, Fiona Flintan, Aymen Frija, Irene N. Nganga, Enoch M. Ontiri, Mongi Sghaier, Nizam H. Abdu, and Stephen S. Moiko. "The Challenges of Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Pastoral Rangelands." Society & Natural Resources 34, no. 9 (June 30, 2021): 1213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.1946629.

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Mufune, Pempelani. "Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and Sustainable Development in Namibia." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 3, no. 1 (January 2015): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024914534042.

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25

SINGH, SUBRATA KR. "LESSONS FROM COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN ORISSA, INDIA." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 13, no. 3 (January 2003): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2003.9752460.

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26

Brosius, J. Peter, Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, and Charles Zerner. "Representing communities: Histories and politics of community‐based natural resource management." Society & Natural Resources 11, no. 2 (March 1998): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941929809381069.

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Leach, Melissa, Robin Mearns, and Ian Scoones. "Environmental Entitlements: Dynamics and Institutions in Community-Based Natural Resource Management." World Development 27, no. 2 (February 1999): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(98)00141-7.

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Bixler, R. Patrick. "Fertile Soil for Organic Public Sociology: Community-Based Natural Resource Management." American Sociologist 51, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-020-09471-z.

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Taylor, Russell. "Community based natural resource management in Zimbabwe: the experience of CAMPFIRE." Biodiversity and Conservation 18, no. 10 (June 10, 2009): 2563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9612-8.

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McCALL, MICHAEL K., and PETER A. MINANG. "Assessing participatory GIS for community-based natural resource management: claiming community forests in Cameroon." Geographical Journal 171, no. 4 (December 2005): 340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00173.x.

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31

Child, Brian. "Book Review: Rights, Resources and Rural Development: Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Southern Africa." Journal of Environment & Development 15, no. 4 (December 2006): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496506295023.

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Miyazawa, Naori. "Community-based Natural Resource Management and Post-Conflict Assistance in Timor-Leste." Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management (AJEDM) - Focusing on Pro-active Risk Reduction in Asia 02, no. 01 (2010): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/s1793924010000386.

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Riehl, Brianne, Hisham Zerriffi, and Robin Naidoo. "Effects of Community-Based Natural Resource Management on Household Welfare in Namibia." PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2015): e0125531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125531.

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Suich, Helen. "The effectiveness of economic incentives for sustaining community based natural resource management." Land Use Policy 31 (March 2013): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.08.008.

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35

Gomes, Joao. "Communities and Conservation. Histories and Politics of Community‐Based Natural Resource Management." International Journal of Environmental Studies 66, no. 6 (December 2009): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207230600720217.

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36

Rai, S. C. "Traditional ecological knowledge and community-based natural resource management in northeast India." Journal of Mountain Science 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-007-0248-4.

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Lurie, Susan, and Michael Hibbard. "Community-Based Natural Resource Management: Ideals and Realities for Oregon Watershed Councils." Society & Natural Resources 21, no. 5 (April 9, 2008): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920801898085.

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38

Sukma Utami, Ami, and Hiroki Oue. "Collective Management of Natural Resources Based on Traditional Values in West Sumatera Indonesia." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n4p179.

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Collective management of natural resources based on local values and practices is essential for sustainable management of natural resources. This study reassessed the traditional collective management of natural resources related to agriculture in West Sumatera. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the Adat (custom) of Minangkabau in natural resources management. The results showed that forest and stream are essential to the community as they provide ecosystem services such as clean air and the guidance of community culture. In managing the natural resources, Adat and religious values are fundamental principles. Based on these values, the traditional practices to protect and utilize nature are Rimbo Larangan (prohibited forest) and Lubuak Larangan (prohibited river). Additionally, Parak (agroforestry), Tanah Ulayat (communal land for agriculture), and Alek Banda (harvest ceremony) are the collective management of natural resources related to agriculture. These practices are based on fundamental principles, which are; (1) collective knowledge of Adat; (2) role of indigenous leader; and (3) Mufakat (consensus) in the decision-making process. Based on these traditional practices, the community can utilize the natural resources fairly and sustain the nature. Thus, this study suggests that the Adat Minangkabau in natural resource management needs to be conserved by utilizing traditional indigenous concepts.
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Qin, Hua, Martha Bass, Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad, David Matarrita-Cascante, Christine Sanders, and Barituka Bekee. "Community, Natural Resources, and Sustainability: Overview of an Interdisciplinary and International Literature." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031061.

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The Special Issue Community, Natural Resources, and Sustainability seeks to engage in an interdisciplinary and international dialogue on the interrelationships of society, natural resources, and sustainability at the community level. In addition to introducing the twelve research articles published in this collection, we provide an overview of the existing literature on community and natural resource management, mainly through a review of previous reviews and a bibliometric analysis. While this literature is dominated by studies on various aspects of community-based natural resource management, the present Special Issue showcases multiple thematic areas of research that collectively contribute to a more complete understanding of the community-resources-sustainability linkages. Our review also pinpoints important gaps in existing meta-analyses and bibliometric analyses. Promising directions for future research are highlighted.
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Ema, Sekolastika Febria, Kartini Kartini, Jumiati Jumiati, and Robby Irsan. "PEMBERDAYAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI WILAYAH KERJA RESORT SEMANGIT." EnviroScienteae 18, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v18i1.12982.

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Semangit Resort is a management unit of Lake Sentarum National Park that has wealth and biodiversity as a supporter of conservation development, sustainable economy, and socio-cultural life of the local community. The natural resources available there are utilized by local communities to meet economic needs. People in the Semangit Resort Work Area conduct natural resource management based on local wisdom because local habits have been done since long ago and can support the sustainability of natural resources. This research aims to find out the available natural resources, the form of local wisdom in the management of natural resources, and their effect on improving the economy of the community in the Semangit Resort Work Area. The method of data collection in this study is done by doing field observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation of community activities. The data obtained is then analyzed, assisted by the literature related to the purpose of research. The results of this study show that the available natural resources are divided into 3 sectors, namely the fisheries sector, the forest products sector, and the agricultural and plantation sectors. Most of the local wisdom carried out by the community related to the management of natural resources is proven to improve the economy of the community. This shows that natural resource management based on local wisdom can improve the economy in support of sustainable development.
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Eufemia, Luca, Izabela Schlindwein, Michelle Bonatti, Sabeth Tara Bayer, and Stefan Sieber. "Community-Based Governance and Sustainability in the Paraguayan Pantanal." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 5158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195158.

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The megadiverse biome of the Paraguayan Pantanal is in danger due to the expansion of cattle ranching and agricultural frontiers that threaten not only the fragile equilibrium of natural resources, but also that of local governance and cultural identities. As a consequence, weak governance stresses the relations between natural resource-dependent communities, generating socio-environmental conflicts. This perception study seeks to find community-based governance models for sustainability in the context of Paraguayan wetlands. According to the organizational principles of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), we applied qualitative approaches with the use of the Governance Analytical Framework (GAF) to identify problems and social norms. Our findings suggest that the Yshiro indigenous self-organized group (Unión de las Comunidades Indígenas de la Nación Yshiro (UCINY)) can be considered as a model for community-based governance. Besides, we discovered that this specific governance model is highly threatened by the impact of the national neo-extractive economy.
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Fortmann, Louise, Emery Roe, and Michel van Eeten. "At the threshold between governance and management: community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa." Public Administration and Development 21, no. 2 (2001): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.156.

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Tattersall, Phil. "Community-Based Auditing: A Post-Normal Science Methodology." Nature and Culture 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2016.110306.

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Conflict over natural resource usage has been ongoing in Tasmania for many years. There continues to be considerable community concern, disquiet and conflict over forestry management practices. In an analysis of his numerous community support projects the author saw an opportunity to involve community members in decisions relating to natural resource management. An interest in action research led him to propose a form of activism based on the ideas of post-normal science (PNS). The idea of the extended peer review aspect of post-normal science has been used in the development of a participative inquiry methodology known as community-based auditing (CBA). The contributions to theory and practice of PNS and environmental activism are thought to be significant. Several cases are briefly discussed.
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Heffernan, Andrew. "Development, Conservation, Empowerment: The Trilemma of Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Namibia." Environmental Management 69, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01589-1.

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45

Nelson, Fred, and Arun Agrawal. "Patronage or Participation? Community-based Natural Resource Management Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa." Development and Change 39, no. 4 (July 2008): 557–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00496.x.

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Kull, Christian A. "Empowering Pyromaniacs in Madagascar: Ideology and Legitimacy in Community-Based Natural Resource Management." Development and Change 33, no. 1 (January 2002): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00240.

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47

Cooke, Penelope R., and Brian C. Hemmings. "Policy Change and Its Effect on Australian Community-based Natural Resource Management Practices." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973408215625530.

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48

ORMSBY, ALISON A., and SHONIL A. BHAGWAT. "Sacred forests of India: a strong tradition of community-based natural resource management." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (August 12, 2010): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000561.

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SUMMARYSacred forests represent an important long-held tradition of conserving specific land areas that have cultural, and often religious, significance. India, with its diversity of cultures and traditions, has over 100 000 sacred forests. Many of these groves are forest fragments in agricultural landscapes. In most cases, community members are at least aware of these fragments, if not actively involved in their protection and management. This review focuses on the Western Ghats in southern India and Meghalaya state in north-eastern India, both international biodiversity hotspots. In addition to the cultural significance of sacred forests, a number of studies have suggested that they are important refuges for conservation of biological diversity, including medicinal plants, within highly anthropogenic landscapes. Whilst sacred groves have been successful conservation areas, current threats to these forests are numerous, ranging from pressures for use of timber and other forest products to clearing for agriculture or general changes in cultural traditions. A variety of arrangements exist for ownership and management of sacred forests, making it necessary to identify solutions on a case-by-case basis. Support for the continued practice of the tradition of sacred forest protection is needed in order to provide a culturally sensitive model for community-based natural resource management.
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49

Blaikie, Piers. "Is Small Really Beautiful? Community-based Natural Resource Management in Malawi and Botswana." World Development 34, no. 11 (November 2006): 1942–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.023.

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Kube *, Reimund. "First experiences of a community-based natural resource management programme in northern Mozambique." Development in Practice 15, no. 1 (February 2005): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0961452052000321640.

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