Journal articles on the topic 'Community-based environmental groups (Brisbane)'
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THOMSON, R. M., C. E. TOLSON, R. CARTER, F. HUYGENS, and M. HARGREAVES. "Heterogeneity of clinical and environmental isolates ofMycobacterium fortuitumusing repetitive element sequence-based PCR: municipal water an unlikely source of community-acquired infections." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 10 (January 7, 2014): 2057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813003257.
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SUMMARYM. fortuitumis a rapidly growing mycobacterium associated with community-acquired and nosocomial wound, soft tissue, and pulmonary infections. It has been postulated that water has been the source of infection especially in the hospital setting. The aim of this study was to determine if municipal water may be the source of community-acquired or nosocomial infections in the Brisbane area. Between 2007 and 2009, 20 strains ofM. fortuitumwere recovered from municipal water and 53 patients’ isolates were submitted to the reference laboratory. A wide variation in strain types was identified using repetitive element sequence-based PCR, with 13 clusters of ⩾2 indistinguishable isolates, and 28 patterns consisting of individual isolates. The clusters could be grouped into seven similar groups (>95% similarity). Municipal water and clinical isolates collected during the same time period and from the same geographical area consisted of different strain types, making municipal water an unlikely source of sporadic human infection.
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Ahmed, W., C. Staley, M. J. Sadowsky, P. Gyawali, J. P. S. Sidhu, A. Palmer, D. J. Beale, and S. Toze. "Toolbox Approaches Using Molecular Markers and 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Data Sets for Identification of Fecal Pollution in Surface Water." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 20 (July 31, 2015): 7067–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02032-15.
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ABSTRACTIn this study, host-associated molecular markers and bacterial 16S rRNA gene community analysis using high-throughput sequencing were used to identify the sources of fecal pollution in environmental waters in Brisbane, Australia. A total of 92 fecal and composite wastewater samples were collected from different host groups (cat, cattle, dog, horse, human, and kangaroo), and 18 water samples were collected from six sites (BR1 to BR6) along the Brisbane River in Queensland, Australia. Bacterial communities in the fecal, wastewater, and river water samples were sequenced. Water samples were also tested for the presence of bird-associated (GFD), cattle-associated (CowM3), horse-associated, and human-associated (HF183) molecular markers, to provide multiple lines of evidence regarding the possible presence of fecal pollution associated with specific hosts. Among the 18 water samples tested, 83%, 33%, 17%, and 17% were real-time PCR positive for the GFD, HF183, CowM3, and horse markers, respectively. Among the potential sources of fecal pollution in water samples from the river, DNA sequencing tended to show relatively small contributions from wastewater treatment plants (up to 13% of sequence reads). Contributions from other animal sources were rarely detected and were very small (<3% of sequence reads). Source contributions determined via sequence analysis versus detection of molecular markers showed variable agreement. A lack of relationships among fecal indicator bacteria, host-associated molecular markers, and 16S rRNA gene community analysis data was also observed. Nonetheless, we show that bacterial community and host-associated molecular marker analyses can be combined to identify potential sources of fecal pollution in an urban river. This study is a proof of concept, and based on the results, we recommend using bacterial community analysis (where possible) along with PCR detection or quantification of host-associated molecular markers to provide information on the sources of fecal pollution in waterways.
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Farley, Rebecca, Deborah Askew, and Margaret Kay. "Caring for refugees in general practice: perspectives from the coalface." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 1 (2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12068.
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This qualitative research project explored the experiences of primary health care providers working with newly arrived refugees in Brisbane. Data from 36 participants (20 general practitioners, five practice nurses and 11 administrative staff) involved in five focus groups and four semi-structured interviews were analysed. The results indicated that despite difficulties, providers are committed and enthusiastic about working with refugees. The flexibility of the general practice setting enables innovative approaches. The establishment of a specialised refugee health service in Brisbane has improved providers’ capacity to deliver refugee health care. However, most practices continue to feel isolated as they search for solutions, and the need for greater supports and a more coordinated approach to care were emphasised. The themes of communication, knowledge and practice and health care systems encapsulated the factors that influence health care providers’ ability to care for refugees and provide a framework for improving available supports. Australian primary health care is currently undergoing great change, which provides an opportunity to make significant gains in the provision of care for refugees and other minority groups within our community. As health care reforms are implemented it is essential that they are responsive to the expressed needs of health care providers working in these areas.
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Welch, Alyssa, Nguyen Kim-Huong, John Quinn, Caroline Gregory, Wendy Moyle, Julie Ratcliffe, and Tracy Comans. "Confirmatory analysis of a health state classification system for people living with dementia: a qualitative approach." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 24, no. 4 (August 3, 2019): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819619850599.
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Objectives This paper aims to confirm the content validity of the domains identified during the development of the Alzheimer’s disease – five dimensions (AD-5D) algorithm for the quality of life – Alzheimer’s disease (QOL-AD) and to identify the rationale for stated quality of life preferences. Methods Focus groups were conducted to elicit the priorities for quality of life in dementia from three perspectives: the person with dementia; family caregivers; and the community. Participants were recruited through industry research partners (long-term care providers) based on knowledge of their experience with dementia. Three focus groups were conducted – one each in Brisbane, Sydney and Adelaide, Australia – between November 2016 and February 2017. Each focus group included participants providing a different perspective on dementia – people with dementia ( n = 3), caregivers ( n = 9) and general community members or relatives of residents of a long-term care facility ( n = 10), although some groups contained one participant with a different perspective. The focus groups were used to validate the AD-5D domains and examine quality of life preferences across the three perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to identify the priorities underlying preference selection. Results All activities affecting the quality of life for people with dementia could be mapped to one of the five AD-5D domains: memory, mood, physical health, living situation and ability to do things for fun. The domains considered most important for quality of life differed between people with dementia, their caregivers and members of the community, with memory the least important domain for all three groups. The rationale for priorities also varied between groups. Conclusions This study confirmed the content validity of the selection of the AD-5D domains and identified multiple differences in the reasons behind stated priorities for quality of life for people with dementia, their caregivers and community members.
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Rahman, K., and T. Weber. "Sustainable urban development in Brisbane City - the Holy Grail?" Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0673.
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Impacts from urban stormwater runoff on receiving environments have been well documented, particularly through specific regional scientific studies. Using various local government planning and management elements, urban developments in Brisbane City are now able to address stormwater management in an increasingly holistic context. One key initiative includes facilitating Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) components within an Integrated Water Management Strategy that looks at policy formation, planning strategies, design option, community marketing and acceptance, maintenance programs and finally evaluation of various WSUD approaches. These can include the use of Natural Channel Designs, grassed swales, bio-filtration systems, porous pavements and roofwater tanks in several economic combinations. By linking with the Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology, Brisbane City Council has influenced the design of WSUD planning tools and benefited the city with academic inputs into extensive evaluation programs. As well, it has also contributed to the Cooperative Research Centre's research outcomes. These evaluation programs are increasingly providing better understanding of various stormwater quality best management practices throughout Australia. As part of the overall implementation process, active involvement by a range of stakeholders has been crucial. These stakeholders have included internal planning, development assessment and design staff, external consultants, developers, and other local and state government agencies. The latter two groups are assisting in the important task of “regionalisation” of Brisbane City Council's policies and guidelines. Implementation of WSUD initiatives and stormwater re-use strategies under Council's new “Integrated Water Management” agenda are showing some excellent results, suggesting that sustainable urban development is no longer like the search for the Holy Grail.
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Kay, Margaret, Geoffrey Mitchell, Alexandra Clavarino, and Erica Frank. "Developing a framework for understanding doctors' health access: a qualitative study of Australian GPs." Australian Journal of Primary Health 18, no. 2 (2012): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11003.
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Health access behaviours of doctors need to be understood if the profession is to adequately respond to concerns raised about doctors’ health. There has been limited investigation of these issues and most qualitative studies have focussed on doctors who have been seriously unwell. This research project was designed to explore doctors’ attitudes to health access and the barriers they experience using six independently facilitated focus groups (37 general practitioners) in Brisbane, Australia. Themes that emerged using inductive thematic analysis were grouped into three key categories. The findings challenge current representations of doctors’ health within the medical literature. Doctors in this study reported positive attitudes towards their own health care. Health access, however, was difficult because of the barriers they encountered. These barriers are described in detail revealing the rationale used by doctors seeking care. A framework of patient, provider and profession barrier domains is developed to enable a comparison between the health access barriers of the doctor and those experienced by the general community. The complexity is highlighted as the socio-cultural factors woven through these barrier domains are recognised. The potential for this framework to provide a structure for future interventions to enhance doctors’ health access is discussed.
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Stormon, Nicole, Kelsey Pateman, Phil Smith, Annemaree Callander, and Pauline J. Ford. "Evaluation of a community based dental clinic for youth experiencing homelessness in Brisbane." Health & Social Care in the Community 27, no. 1 (August 27, 2018): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12644.
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Prestage, Garrett, Fengyi Jin, Iryna Zablotska, John Imrie, John M. Kaldor, and Andrew E. Grulich. "Trends in HIV prevalence among homosexual and bisexual men in eastern Australian states." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07074.
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Objectives: In Australia, HIV notification rates in homosexual men, previously much higher in New South Wales, have become similar across the eastern states. We examined whether trends in HIV prevalence in community-based samples of homosexual men were consistent with the trends in HIV notifications. Methods: We examined data on self-reported HIV status from annual cross-sectional, self-completed anonymous surveys of homosexual men conducted between 1998 and 2006 in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. Men were recruited at gay community venues, clinics and large gay community events. We calculated age-specific and age-standardised HIV prevalence rates. Comparisons of HIV prevalence between the three cities and across time were carried out using age-specific rates, and using logistic regression, controlling for age. Results: Men recruited from clinics had a much higher prevalence of HIV (P < 0.001) and were excluded from further analyses. Among the 50 239 completed questionnaires obtained at non-clinic sites, there was a marked decline in aged-standardised HIV prevalence in Sydney (from 14.2 to 8.98%, P < 0.001), a small decline in Brisbane (from 8.51 to 6.94%, P = 0.012) and no change in Melbourne (from 8.35 to 8.06%, P = 0.848). There were significant declines in men aged less than 50 years in Sydney, and in men aged less than 30 years in Brisbane. In Melbourne there was no significant trend in HIV at any age. Conclusion: HIV prevalence among young homosexual men has declined in Sydney, and these data suggest that HIV incidence among homosexual men is now similar in the eastern state capitals of Australia.
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Yelland, Michael, and Penny Penrose. "Better Health for Blokes¾A Community-Based Men's Health Program." Australian Journal of Primary Health 1, no. 1 (1995): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py95014.
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In recognition of the specific health problems and needs of men, a community-based health program was set up at the Inala Community Health Centre in Brisbane in late 1994. This program aimed to create a supportive environment in which men with long term health problems could improve health awareness, attitudes and skills and their quality of life. The program involves a group of men who meet fortnightly to discuss health topics, assisted by facilitators and invited resource people. The group determines its own topics, activities and rules, and is working towards becoming independent of the facilitators. A qualitative evaluation of the group after seven months, confirmed that it has provided a supportive environment in which health concerns can be discussed and health knowledge can be improved. During this period a number of the men reported a reduction or cessation of smoking, improvement in dietary habits and an improved ability to relax and to communicate with people. The group has moved consistently towards independence, aided by reflection on group processes. Quantitatively, the group has shown a significant improvement in a quality of life index, from 4.95 +/- 0.79 at the start of the program to 5.68 +/- 0.74 after three months. This was maintained at 5.65 +/- 0.39 after seven months.
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Gibson, H. E., and N. Apostolidis. "Demonstration, the solution to successful community acceptance of water recycling." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 10 (May 1, 2001): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0635.
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The Department of Natural Resources in Queensland, Australia are presently carrying out a comprehensive Strategy called the Queensland Water Recycling Strategy (QWRS) to determine future Government directions in the whole area of water recycling. This strategy is considering the beneficial use of all waste streams such as domestic sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes, as well as urban stormwater. Following a workshop held during the initial phase of the strategy it was determined that a high priority must be given to the demonstration of recycling practices not being utilised in the State, or presently being practiced in an unsustainable manner. Three separate types of recycling projects are being carried out, the first being based on demonstrating recycling on a large new urban development close to Brisbane, the second associated with demonstrating the complex treatment processes associated with the higher levels of recycling, and the third associated with demonstrating community based recycling schemes.
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Prestage, Garrett, Fengyi Jin, Iryna B. Zablotska, John Imrie, Andrew E. Grulich, and Marian Pitts. "Trends in HIV testing among homosexual and bisexual men in eastern Australian states." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07081.
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Objectives: We examined whether trends in HIV testing in community-based samples of homosexual men may account for the convergence in HIV notification rates in homosexual men across the eastern states of Australia. Methods: We examined data on self-reported HIV testing from annual cross-sectional, self-completed anonymous surveys of homosexual men conducted between 1998 and 2006 in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. Men were recruited at gay community venues and events. Comparisons of HIV testing between the three cities and across time were carried out. We also compared reported rates of HIV testing across states in Private Lives, the 2005 online survey of health and wellbeing among non-heterosexual people. Results: Men recruited from clinics had a much higher prevalence of HIV testing and were excluded from further analyses. Among the 48 263 completed questionnaires obtained in non-clinic sites, there was a marked decline in the proportion of men who had never been tested for HIV in Sydney (from 8.1 to 5.1%, P trend < 0.001) and Brisbane (from 11.8 to 7.9%, P trend = 0.002) but no change in Melbourne. This proportion of men who had never been tested was lower in Sydney than in either Melbourne or Brisbane (P < 0.001). There were increases in the proportion of non-HIV-positive men who had been tested for HIV in the previous year across all three cities, although the proportion in Melbourne was lower than in the other two cities. Conclusion: These data suggest that changes in HIV testing rates among homosexual men are insufficient to account for the recent differences in trends in HIV notifications in eastern Australia.
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Alderman, Katarzyna, Lyle R. Turner, and Shilu Tong. "Assessment of the Health Impacts of the 2011 Summer Floods in Brisbane." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 4 (April 26, 2013): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.42.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of the 2011 floods in Brisbane, Australia, on residents’ physical and mental health.MethodsResidents who had been affected by the floods completed a community-based survey that examined the direct impact of flooding on households and their perceived physical and mental health. Outcome variables included overall and respiratory health and mental health outcomes related to psychological distress, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between flooding and perceived health outcome variables, adjusted for current health status and sociodemographic factors.ResultsResidents whose households were directly affected by flooding were more likely to report poor overall (Odds Ratio [OR] 5.3; 95% CI, 2.8-10.1) and respiratory (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) health, psychological distress (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5), poor sleep quality (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.4), and probable PTSD (OR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.5).ConclusionsThe 2011 Brisbane floods had significant impact on the physical and psychosocial health of residents. Improved support strategies may need to be integrated into existing disaster management programs to reduce flood-related health impacts, particularly those related to mental health. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–7)
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O'Maley, Tim, and Bernadette Gazzard. "Interferon Beta-1b for Multiple Sclerosis: Service Provision Promoting Therapy Adherence in Queensland, Australia." International Journal of MS Care 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-8.3.107.
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Adherence issues are an important consideration in the long-term support of patients who are using immunotherapies as part of their overall multiple sclerosis (MS) management. The MS Clinic nursing service at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH) in Queensland, Australia, is staffed by two registered nurses. The service is responsible for disseminating MS-specific information and education on immunotherapies to people with MS, other health professionals, and community groups. Literature strongly suggests that psychosocial, physical, emotional, cognitive, and knowledge factors affect adherence rates. Perhaps the most important factor is patient expectations of therapy and perceptions of treatment success and failure. This article is a snapshot of a clinical service provided by a hospital-based public health MS nursing service.
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Raynor, Katrina, Severine Mayere, and Tony Matthews. "Do ‘city shapers’ really support urban consolidation? The case of Brisbane, Australia." Urban Studies 55, no. 5 (January 24, 2017): 1056–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016688420.
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Cities all over the world have activated policy support for urban consolidation in recent decades. Rationales for urban consolidation focus on its perceived ability to achieve sustainability goals, including decreased automobile dependence, increased social cohesion and greater walkability. Despite this, there are few international examples of urban consolidation policy implementation that has achieved its stated aims. This paper explores the nature and character of perceptions of urban consolidation held by urban planners, developers, architects and local politicians. The perspectives held by these ‘city shapers’ are integral to urban consolidation debates and delivery, yet the nature and character of their specific views are underexplored in urban studies literature. This paper combines the theoretical lens of Social Representations Theory with the methodological approach of Q-methodology to understand the common sense understandings of urban consolidation held by city shapers in Brisbane, Australia. It identifies, synthesises and critically discusses the social representations employed by city shapers to understand, promote and communicate about urban consolidation. Findings indicate that urban consolidation debates and justifications diverge significantly from stated policy intentions and are based on differing views on ‘good’ urban form, the role of planning and community consultation and the value of higher density housing. We conclude that there is utility and value in identifying how urban consolidation strategies are influenced by the shared beliefs, myths and perceptions held by city shapers. Understanding these narratives and their influence is fundamental to understanding the power-laden manipulation of policy definitions and development outcomes.
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Tucker, Melanie T., Dwight W. Lewis, Pamela Payne Foster, Felecia Lucky, Lea G. Yerby, Lisle Hites, and John C. Higginbotham. "Community-Based Participatory Research–Speed Dating." Health Promotion Practice 17, no. 6 (October 13, 2016): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916673612.
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Developing meaningful community-based participatory relationships between researchers and the community can be challenging. The overall success of a community-based participatory relationship should be predicated on commitment and respect from empowered stakeholders. Prior to developing the technique discussed in this article, we hypothesized that the process of fostering relationships between researchers and the community was much like a social relationship: It has to develop organically and cannot be forced. To address this challenge, we developed a community-based participatory research–speed dating technique to foster relationships based on common interests, which we call CBPR-SD. This article describes the logistics of implementing CBPR-SD to foster scholarly collaborations. As part of a federally funded community-based research project, the speed dating technique was implemented for 10 researchers and 11 community leaders with a goal of developing scholarly collaborative groups who will submit applications for community-based research grants. In the end, four collaborative groups developed through CBPR-SD, three (75%) successfully submitted grant applications to fund pilot studies addressing obesity-related disparities in rural communities. Our preliminary findings suggest that CBPR-SD is a successful tool for promoting productive scholarly relationships between researchers and community leaders.
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Shepherd, Ashley, Ruth Jepson, Andrew Watterson, and Josie M. M. Evans. "Risk Perceptions of Environmental Hazards and Human Reproduction: A Community-Based Survey." ISRN Public Health 2012 (November 20, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/748080.
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Objectives. We have investigated the Australian public's perceived risks on human reproductive health from a number of identified environmental hazards. Methods. A sample of 1261 subjects was interviewed. This interview included specific questions related to perceived risks of certain environmental hazards to human reproductive health. Results. Women were almost twice as likely to rank all hazards as harmful or very harmful to human reproduction than men. Age also influenced perceived risk with those in the 35 and older age groups more likely to rank lead as a harmful hazard when compared with the 18–34 group. Pesticides were identified by 84.5% of the sample as the most harmful environmental hazard to human reproduction. Conclusions. Similar to other environmental hazards, different groups of people in the general population perceive hazards relating to reproductive health differently. This information is important for both policy makers and health professionals dealing with reproductive environmental health issues.
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Dart, Jared, Cindy Gallois, and Peter Yellowlees. "Community health information sources — a survey in three disparate communities." Australian Health Review 32, no. 1 (2008): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080186.
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Objective: To determine the current utilisation, importance, trust and future preference for contemporary sources of health information in three different socioeconomic groups. Design: A pilot study including key informant interviews and direct observation was conducted in a low socioeconomic community. From this work a survey questionnaire was designed and implemented across three different communities. Participants and setting: Semi-structured key informant interviews and focus groups capturing 52 respondents. Paper-based surveys were left in community organisations and local health practices in a low socioeconomic (LSE) community on the outskirts of Ipswich, Queensland, a mid-high socioeconomic (MSE) community in the western suburbs of Brisbane, and at a local university. Main outcome measures: Rank of current and preferred future sources of health information, importance and trustworthiness of health information sources. Results: Across all three communities the local doctor was the most currently used, important, trusted and preferred future source of health information. The most striking difference between the three communities related to the current use and preferred future use of the internet. The internet was a more currently used source of health information and more important source in the university population than the LSE or MSE populations. It was also a less preferred source of future health information in the LSE population than the MSE or university populations. Importantly, currently used sources of health information did not reflect community members? preferred sources of health information. Conclusions: People in different socioeconomic communities obtain health information from various sources. This may reflect access issues, education and awareness of the internet as a source of health information, less health information seeking as well as a reluctance by the e-health community to address the specific needs of this group.
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Merder, Julian, Jan A. Freund, Lukas Meysick, Christina Simkanin, Ruth M. O'Riordan, and Anne Marie Power. "East-west spatial groupings in intertidal communities, environmental drivers and key species." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 2 (October 25, 2016): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001442.
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The rocky intertidal communities of Ireland contain a mix of cold- and warm-adapted species, however the spatial distribution of these communities has not been investigated in a systematic way. Based on a benthic community dataset collected in 2003 at 63 sites, several statistical analyses were combined with the aims of (i) detecting groups of similar communities and their spatial arrangement, (ii) relating these groups to environmental factors and (iii) identifying the species that drive the different community groups. Sørensen's index suggested two marine community groups, one of the east and south-east (termed ‘east’) and the other in the west, south-west and north (termed ‘west’). A second partition based on combined wave exposure and sea surface chlorophyll comprised four groups, as did a further partition based on combined sea surface and air temperatures. The spatial arrangement of wave height plus chlorophyll conditions agreed reasonably well with the binary marine community partition, but the temperature partition did not. The ‘east’ community appeared to be associated with low wave height and chlorophyll conditions. The species that were most influential to the ‘east’ community were Balanus crenatus, Austrominius modestus and Fucus vesiculosus. The ‘west’ sites were associated with high wave height/low chlorophyll (with some variation in this due to local shelter) and the species Paracentrotus lividus, Chthamalus stellatus, Alaria esculenta and Himanthalia elongata. A longitudinal pattern rather than one associated with latitude was evident in this marine community and local drivers rather than temperature clines appeared most important for the dominant community patterns.
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Gunawan, Yuli, Bambang Eko, Reta Yudistyana, and Dwi Thia Putri. "Independent Community Building Model through Environmental-based Tourism Management in “Masdarling” Program." Economics Development Analysis Journal 9, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v9i2.39339.
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Village tourism program is one of programs that can boost positive contributions to community development. This study aimed to design an independent community building model through environmental-based tourism management. Using primary and secondary data, the researchers used qualitative descriptive analysis to obtain a model of independent community building through environmental-based tourism management by forming a group named environmental awareness community group or Masdarling. In this way, regional potential can be used maximally, while masdarling tourism development was done using Community Based Tourism (CBT). A participative community empowerment became the main instrument to increase environmental living standard and preservation. Based on the mapping of problem patterns, the crucial programs to develop covered tourism awareness community, joint business group and integrated waste management efforts. It was expected that the development of tourism village through several kinds of village groups could explore various and sustainable tourism concepts. As a result, this development could fulfill the criteria of access, attraction, amenities. Upon this achievement, new tourism spots in Bontang City and the increase in community income can be obtained. Also, village economy and environment quality were resulted through the indirect effects of this development.
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Wilson, N. "Community-based stream conservation initiatives in British Columbia, Canada." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0392.
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British Columbia is a diverse province, with ecosystems ranging from semi-arid deserts to valley glaciers and vast ice fields. By world standards, BC has an abundance of fresh water in its lakes and rivers. However, rivers have been exploited for social and industrial purposes, often to the detriment of the natural values. Community groups and non-government organizations have been active in rehabilitating and restoring waterways. The Outdoor Recreation Council of BC is a provincial non-government organization that has been instrumental in river conservation issues in BC. Three key initiatives have been established by the Council since its formation in 1975. BC Rivers Day has grown into the largest river celebration of its kind in North America, and there is a move to establish a national Rivers Day in Canada based on the model established in BC. Second is the annual Endangered Rivers List compiled by the Council and released each spring. The third initiative is the River Recovery Project in which dams and impoundment structures were evaluated against a set of criteria. A short list of candidates was generated by the project that will be further studied to determine what actions should be taken to alter the management of the structures to restore ecological values of the rivers and streams on which they are built. The three initiatives described rely on local community support. The Outdoor Recreation Council of BC provides coordination, promotion, and publicity as well as some resource materials while local groups and communities take on stewardship roles for their local streams. This model may be useful for other jurisdictions.
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Phillips Smith, Emilie, Deborah Gorman-Smith, William H. Quinn, David L. Rabiner, Patrick H. Tolan, and Donna-Marie Winn. "Community-Based multiple family groups to prevent and reduce violent and aggressive behavior." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 2004): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2003.09.018.
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o, E. Comin, E. Sulliva n, E. Harri s, D. Killia n, and C. Y. Jiang. "A Community-based Health Service Census: Describing the Client Base." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 2 (2000): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00019.
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This paper describes the results of a census of newly registered clients attending community-based health services in a large health region on the south western outskirts of Sydney to enumerate the client base of these services and to investigate the reach to population groups. Two questionnaires, one for adults and the other for children were administered to all new clients of community, allied and dental health services. These questionnaires collected enhanced demographic information during a three month period that was compared with the resident population. 10,734 new clients were registered. These included 2,638 adults and 3,047 children who were attending community health services. Older adults were over-represented in the adult client population while adults accompanying children to services were largely aged 20-39 years. The data suggest good reach of services to ethnic minority groups when country of birth was considered (32.3% NESB versus 30.4% in the resident population). When language spoken at home was used those who spoke a language other that English at home were under-represented in these data (31.6%) compared to the resident population (39.7%). Adults attending with a child were more likely to be married and to have stayed at school until at least 17 years. The study was the first attempt in NSW to enumerate the client base of community-based health services and was important in demonstrating to staff the value of adequate systems to monitor the use and reach of services. The data suggest a bias of services to more advantaged groups.
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Gooch, Margaret, and Jeni Warburton. "Building and Managing Resilience in Community-Based NRM Groups: An Australian Case Study." Society & Natural Resources 22, no. 2 (January 12, 2009): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920801967880.
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Thomas, Tom, Pradeep Narayanan, Tisha Wheeler, Usha Kiran, M. J. Joseph, and T. V. Ramanathan. "Design of a Community Ownership and Preparedness Index: using data to inform the capacity development of community-based groups." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 66, Suppl 2 (July 24, 2012): ii26—ii33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200590.
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Volker, Nerida, Lauren T. Williams, Rachel C. Davey, and Thomas Cochrane. "Community-based lifestyle modification workforce: an underutilised asset for cardiovascular disease prevention." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 4 (2016): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14178.
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This paper reports on a qualitative study exploring the capacity of the community sector to support a whole-of-system response to cardiovascular disease prevention in primary health care. As a component of the Model for Prevention (MoFoP) study, community-based lifestyle modification providers were recruited in the Australian Capital Territory to participate in focus group discussions; 34 providers participated across six focus groups: 20 Allied Health Professionals (four groups) and 14 Lifestyle Modification Program providers (two groups). Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts was undertaken using a mixed deductive and inductive approach. Participant responses highlight several barriers to their greater contribution to cardiovascular disease prevention. These included that prevention activities are not valued, limited sector linkages, inadequate funding models and the difficulty of behaviour change. Findings suggest that improvements in the value proposition of prevention for all stakeholders would be supported by improved funding mechanisms and increased opportunities to build relationships across health and community sectors.
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Tura, Halkeno T., William T. Story, and Armando Licoze. "Community-based savings groups, women’s agency, and maternal health service utilisation: Evidence from Mozambique." Global Public Health 15, no. 8 (April 10, 2020): 1119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1751232.
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Piontek, Daniela, Tessa-Virginia Hannemann, and Ludwig Kraus. "Implementation of Community-Based Alcohol Prevention in Karlsruhe, Germany." SUCHT 59, no. 5 (January 2013): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911.a000264.
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Aims: The present paper aims at examining the implementation fidelity of a community-based substance use prevention program in the district of Karlsruhe (Germany). Methods: Based on an inventory assessing the formal implementation of preventive activities, communities were divided into two groups with high and low implementation fidelity, respectively. A school survey was conducted to assess the visibility, knowledge and participation in the intervention in grades 9 and 10. The sample size was 892 (response rate 21.7 %). Results: Each study group was composed of 16 communities. The major focus of the prevention activities was on the components „structure“, „communication/public relation“ and „youth protection“. More students in the group with high implementation fidelity had seen the intervention slogan (58.4 % vs. 44.6 %) and knew at least one program activity (47.8 % vs. 35.8 %). Only a minority of students had direct contact to the intervention in the past year with no differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The intervention focuses on networking and the establishment of decision-making. Differences between communities with high and low implementation fidelity vanish when adolescents are asked for program exposure. Overall program reach can be considered low.
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Svensdotter, Anna, and Mirko Guaralda. "Dangerous Safety or Safely Dangerous. Perception of safety and self-awareness in public space." Journal of Public Space 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v3i1.319.
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Exposure to perceived danger awakens our environmental awareness and sense of individual responsibility. In our rapidly evolving contemporary urban environments, the design of public space is often constrained and focussed on risk mitigation. Designers often rely on the inclusion of mechanisms to control behaviours (eg walls and fences) or rely on displays of authoritarian surveillance (eg CCTV and extensive warning signage). Measures also known as target–hardening (Saraiva & Pinho, 2011). This can create a reliance on the authoritarian control of urban space, which could result in the disuse of self-regulating mechanisms such as individual responsibility and environmental awareness.This study investigates perception of danger in public space through a scenario-based investigation focussed on Brisbane, Australia. This study enquires how we sense danger, what provokes our sense of danger and how this affects our environmental awareness. Current exemplary design responses that aim to improve safety in public space are also discussed. The study highlights a need for further research about how authoritatively secured space affects city users, sense of place and community.
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Crofts, Nick, and David Herkt. "A History of Peer-Based Drug-User Groups in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 25, no. 3 (July 1995): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500306.
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The active involvement of at-risk communities has been the hallmark of Australia's response to the AIDS epidemic, including community groups often supported by government funding. Organizations of injecting drug users (IDUs) at state and national levels have been key in providing input to policy, program development, and delivery, but their important contributions have so far been inadequately documented. We review here available information about the histories and impact of user groups, and report that their mere existence has had a profound effect on the nature of the response to HIV among IDUs, and their activities on the prevention of an epidemic among most sectors of the IDU community. After checkered careers and different evolutions, the greatest challenge now facing user groups is to sustain a relevant role in an atmosphere of developing complacency—that the epidemic is over—and that user groups are no longer useful to governments. The history of IDU organizations in Australia is not over, but their future is yet to be defined.
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Green, Helena D. "A Community-Based Evaluation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for the Black Community." Qualitative Health Research 28, no. 3 (December 18, 2017): 418–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732317746962.
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Limited research evaluates substance use prevention and intervention strategies for cultural sensitivity, appropriateness of content, patient/provider interactions, and implementation for racial and ethnic minority populations. This study uses the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to examine a community-based evaluation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for implementation among the Black community in a small, urban setting. Data were gathered through four separate focus groups, one for service providers ( n = 7), one for community youth leaders ( n = 8), and two for community members ( n = 10). Findings suggest that a range of multi-level service needs and underlying mechanisms of implementation should be considered when administering SBIRT within community health settings serving Black populations. This community-involved evaluation of SBIRT responds to the call for the examination of implementation in specific settings, and suggests a need for further examinations of strategies that support engagement through SBIRT and other innovations.
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Yasir, Yasir, Muhammad Firdaus, Nurjanah Nurjanah, and Noor Efni Salam. "Environmental communication model through community-based tourism development in overcoming mangrove damage." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012022.
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Abstract Environmental crises such as pollution, forest damage, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are the real problems. The environmental changes can impact the social and economic life of the community. The destruction of mangrove forests and abrasion is a major problem on the coast of Riau Province. This study aims to explain environmental communication through Community based Tourism (CBT) in overcoming mangrove damage in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bengkalis Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with case studies. The results showed that environmental communication through CBT was carried out by Community Development of PT Pertamina RU II Sei Pakning in collaboration with a fishing group. Environmental communication activities to overcome abrasion and mangrove damage are done by establishing good relations, strengthening fishermen group institutions, and connecting with other groups or stakeholders. Pertamina empowers the fishing group by holding meetings, providing training, and developing tourism-based innovations to conserve mangroves. The emphasis of communication with CBT uses the principles: friendship, deliberation, and mutual cooperation. Mangrove Education Center, besides being a tourist destination, its existence is an important communication channel for public education to care about the environment. This environmental message is not only addressed to empower communities, school students, and local village youth but also has a broad impact on visitors, even becoming mass media coverage and discussions on social media. This CBT-based environmental communication model must be supported and integrated with other stakeholders so that its existence has a wider and sustainable impact.
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Cheong, So-Min. "Korean Fishing Communities in Transition: Limitations of Community-Based Resource Management." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 7 (July 2005): 1277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37139.
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This paper addresses limitations of community-based resource management by examining Korean fishing communities making the transition into tourism. It challenges local-centered views of resource management implemented through a homogeneous, cooperative, and self-reliant community. Local communities more often than not consist of diverse groups, demonstrate internal political dynamics, and need external resources in times of crisis. Utilizing three case studies of depressed Korean fishing communities, the author emphasizes the significance of external linkages, and concludes that existing community-based resource management is not adequate to the task of transition.
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Glass, Catherine T. R., and Audrey R. Giles. "Community-based risk messaging in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada." Health Promotion International 35, no. 3 (June 7, 2019): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz042.
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Abstract Unintentional injuries are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, yet they are predictable and avoidable events. Community-based approaches to injury prevention are those where researchers and/or injury prevention specialists work alongside the target population to identify injury prevention issues and then co-create strategies that are relevant to the population. Community-based strategies differ from other approaches as they strive to conduct research with, rather than on marginalized groups. A community-based approach to social marketing, injury prevention and risk messaging was applied in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, to examine and address men’s boating safety behaviours. Community participants identified the need for northern-based safety resources and a community-wide education campaign. As demonstrated through this example, community-based strategies should be considered for injury prevention, as the involvement of local community members may lead to more effective risk messaging that reflects the needs, culture, and experiences of the target group, while promoting healthy behaviours.
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Dart, Jared M., and Cindy Gallois. "Community desires for an online health information strategy." Australian Health Review 34, no. 4 (2010): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah08719.
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Objective. To determine whether the community’s attitudes to components of a community eHealth strategy differ across three different socioeconomic groups. Design. A survey questionnaire was designed and implemented across three different communities. Participants and setting. Paper-based surveys were left in community organisations and local health practices in a low socioeconomic community on the outskirts of Ipswich, Queensland (n = 262), a mid-high socioeconomic community in the western suburbs of Brisbane (n = 256) and at a local university (n = 200). Main outcome measures. Ascribed importance and comfort with proposed components of a community eHealth strategy. Results. A community-oriented health website was perceived as useful in getting access to relevant health information. Those who were most comfortable with accessing online health information were those who were: experienced, had home internet access and were frequent internet users. The most important types of health information for the website were: information about the treatment of conditions, how to manage a chronic illness, how to stay healthy and patient clinical pathways. The low socioeconomic community had different information priorities – all categories were considered more important, particularly information about how the public system operates, local health support groups, and the roles of health professionals. Conclusions. Different communities have different information demands but there is a strong demand for information which empowers community members to take control of their own health and become active participants in their health care. Tools such as a community health portal and patient clinical pathways should become more available. What is known about the topic? There is existing literature discussing the impact of the internet and other eHealth strategies, in terms of the perceptions and preferences of different parts of the community. Many previous researchers have pointed to deficiencies in health literacy as a function of socioeconomic status and their negative consequences for health outcomes and participation in health care. The internet has been recommended as a useful way to increase health literacy, if users’ knowledge and skills and preferences are adequately assessed and catered for. What does this paper add? This paper adds detail to what is known about the preferences of various parts of the community in terms of eHealth and online health information. It adds Australian data to our understanding of the role of the internet, and of community-based approaches to eHealth. Our results underscore the importance of understanding differences as a function of socioeconomic status, as well as knowledge of basic internet skills, health literacy, and online experience in determining patients’ preferences for and use of these means of accessing health information. What are the implications for practitioners? In the context of the growing burden of chronic disease and the importance of lifestyle factors and risk factor modification, this research suggests that a concerted online health information approach is valuable and timely. In particular, the paper provides data as to different communities’ opinions of potential components of an online health information strategy.
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Sabin, Scott, Birori Dieudonne, John Mitchell, Jared White, Corey Chin, and Robert Morikawa. "Community-Based Watershed Change: A Case Study in Eastern Congo." Forests 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060475.
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Conflict and environmental degradation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are interrelated and complex. The authors conducted a case study of a community-based environmental restoration project in Eastern Congo and provide early results which suggest a link between community environmental action and multidimensional outcomes such as peace and reconciliation. The project examined in this study is based on a framework (Theory of Change) which networks communities through autonomous savings groups, churches, mosques, schools, and a community leadership network with the goal of catalyzing sustainable farming, reforestation, and community forest management. The primary project input was training, and the resulting voluntary community action included tree planting and the management of common forest areas. A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate project results comparing two watersheds, and included a difference in differences analysis, participatory workshops, remote sensing analysis, and community activity reports. Positive change was observed in the treatment watershed in terms of ecosystem health and household economic condition. Results suggest a possible influence on peace conditions which, while fragile, offers hope for continued restorative action by communities. This study provides evidence that a community-based approach to environmental restoration may have a positive influence on multidimensional issues such as forests, watershed health, economic well-being, and peace.
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McAlpin, Ngina, Cordelia R. Elaiho, Farrah Khan, Cristina Cruceta, Crispin Goytia, and Nita Vangeepuram. "Use of Focus Groups to Inform a New Community-Based Youth Diabetes Prevention Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 9655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159655.
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There have been few youth-led diabetes prevention programs. Our objective was to conduct focus groups to explore peer influences on adolescent lifestyle behaviors and strategies for implementing a youth peer education model for diabetes prevention. We conducted six focus groups with 52 youth (ages 13–22; 62% male, 38% female; 64% Hispanic, 36% non-Hispanic Black) from East Harlem, NYC. We used a Thematic Analysis approach to identify major themes, compared findings, and resolved differences through discussion and consensus. Three dominant themes arose: (1) Adolescents generally encounter more unhealthy peer influences on diet and more healthy peer influences on physical activity; (2) Adolescents endorse youth-led diabetes prevention strategies and describe ideal qualities for peer leaders and methods to support and evaluate leaders; (3) Adolescents prefer text messaging to monitor behaviors, track goals, and receive personalized guidance. Using study findings, our Community Action Board developed a peer-led diabetes prevention program for prediabetic adolescents.
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Parkinson, Sharon. "Victorian Health Policy Reform: Impact on Community-based Health Promotion." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 4 (1997): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97035.
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Since the Victorian Coalition Government was elected to office in 1992, community health policy has undergone considerable change as part of broader initiatives within the public sector. In the context of changing policy, concerns have been raised in the field of community health regarding the direction of community-based health promotion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of policy reform on the conceptualisation, priority setting and practice of community-based health promotion. A series of interviews was conducted with a small sample of community health centre managers and staff within metropolitan Melbourne. Findings suggest that there has been a significant shift in the profile of community-based health promotion, with increasing emphasis on health promotion in clinical encounters and in groups, and less project work and community development. In terms of the principles of the Ottawa Charter, health promotion has moved away from the areas of community action and building healthy public policy as the centres focus increasingly on direct service provision. This study discusses the influences on and implications for the changing profile of community-based health promotion and considers directions for the future.
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Heinert, Sara, Sandra Escobar-Schulz, Maya Jackson, Marina Del Rios, Sarah Kim, Jennica Kahkejian, and Heather Prendergast. "Barriers and Facilitators to Hypertension Control Following Participation in a Church-Based Hypertension Intervention Study." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119868384.
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Purpose: Hypertension is the primary risk factor for development of cardiovascular complications. Community-initiated interventions have proven effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk among individuals who might otherwise face barriers to care. The purposes of this study were to gain feedback on a church-based hypertension intervention study and assess barriers and facilitators to hypertension control after participation in the study. Design: Qualitative study of 4 focus groups. Setting: Focus groups took place at 4 churches in primarily minority neighborhoods of Chicago, Illinois, in summer 2017. Participants: Thirty-one community members participated in the focus groups. Method: The Community Targeting of Uncontrolled Hypertension (CTOUCH) study was a church-based screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment program for hypertension. Following the study completion, participants were invited to join a focus group to provide feedback on the study and discuss barriers and facilitators to hypertension control. The authors used the Framework Method to analyze the data. Results: Community Targeting of Uncontrolled Hypertension was well received by participants, particularly the awareness of their individual blood pressure and subsequent education on risk modification. The most common facilitators for hypertension control were social support, knowing how to control hypertension, and community resources. The most common barriers to hypertension control were lack of hypertension knowledge, negative primary care experiences, and lack of disease awareness. Conclusion: Knowledge of barriers and facilitators can inform areas of success and opportunities for improvement in community-based hypertension programs including future renditions in CTOUCH.
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Boonyabancha, Somsook, and Thomas Kerr. "Making people the subject: community-managed finance systems in five Asian countries." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817751335.
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This paper presents the findings of a two-year study of community finance systems (including community-based savings and loan groups, and larger city-based funds) that are operated by established urban poor community organizations in five Asian countries (Cambodia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand), with support from their partner organizations. These five groups are the principal national urban poor organizations in their respective countries, and their community savings and city funds – as well as their other development initiatives – have all grown to national scale. The study, in which the chief researchers, data-gatherers and analysts were community members themselves, was managed by the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights (ACHR). It was conceived as an opportunity to look in greater detail at the different models of community finance these important groups have developed, in their very different national contexts, and to compare their various aspects, draw out some key elements and lessons, and see how these people-driven finance systems can be strengthened, scaled up and brought into the formal finance and development structures in their countries.
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Fauzan, R. S., and P. L. Samputra. "Agroecology-based Alipbata Program in Pantai Bahagia Village." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012027.
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Abstract The environmental damage that occurred in Pantai Bahagia Village, Muara Gembong Sub-district, impacted the lives of the local community. So that the damage does not continue to occur, there must be a change in the system through Agroecology. This study aims to analyze the process of the Alipbata program activities and analyze the economic, social, and ecological impacts of the Alipbata program for the community in Pantai Bahagia Village. The research method uses a qualitative case study type. Interviews, documentation, and participant observation are used as data collection instruments. Alipbata applies agroecology using social capital with a Collaborative Learning strategy with Group Awareness Tools. The tourism awareness group is in charge of promoting and running ecotourism, whereas the farmer group is in charge of producing mangrove seedlings to be planted and sold. The impact on the social aspect is the formation of tourism awareness groups and farmer groups who become actors and influencers for the local community. From the economic aspect, farmer groups earn income from mangrove ecosystem commodities (tree seeds and various types of fish), whereas from the ecological aspect, restoration has returned the mangrove ecosystem to its original condition.
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Sheehan, Megan, Brian Burke, and Jeremy Slack. "Graduate Education Grounded in Community-Based Participatory Research." Practicing Anthropology 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.29.3.90n21t12716g5807.
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Research projects at the University of Arizona's Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology (BARA) have provided graduate students an opportunity to engage in anthropological inquiry and application, often in teams, and with guidance from experienced researchers. In this paper, we focus on our experiences as graduate students working on two community-based environmental anthropology research projects in the sister cities of Nogales, Sonora, and Nogales, Arizona (known collectively as Ambos Nogales). In choosing to participate in these projects, we hoped to develop our skills with specific anthropological research methods (interviews, participant-observation, surveys, focus groups, and the writing of field notes), gain experience with a community-based participatory research (CBPR) model (including strategies for prioritizing community decision-making and incorporating local knowledge and interests throughout the research process), improve our Spanish skills, and learn to integrate research and action in a mutually-enriching way. Of course, having a job that reduced the cost of school was beneficial, but our main goal was to become anthropologists capable of contributing to academic, policy, and community-based action.
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Kelly, J. A., and J. S. St. Lawrence. "The impact of community-based groups to help persons reduce HIV infection risk behaviours." AIDS Care 2, no. 1 (January 1990): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129008257710.
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Zierold, Kristina M., and Clara G. Sears. "Are Healthcare Providers Asking about Environmental Exposures? A Community-Based Mixed Methods Study." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/189526.
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People living near environmental hazards may develop symptoms and health conditions that require specialized monitoring and treatment by healthcare providers. One emerging environmental hazard is coal ash. Coal ash is comprised of small particles containing heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and radioactive elements. The overall purpose of this study was to explore whether healthcare providers ask patients if they live near an environmental hazard like coal ash storage sites and to assess what health conditions prompt a provider inquiry. Focus groups were conducted in 2012 and a cross-sectional survey was administered in 2013. Overall, 61% of survey respondents reported that their healthcare providers never asked if they lived near an environmental hazard. One focus group member stated “No, they don’t ask that. They just always blame stuff on you….” Respondents with asthma and other lung conditions were significantly more likely to be asked by a healthcare provider if they lived near an environmental hazard. Due to the unique exposures from environmental hazards and the low prevalence of patients being asked about environmental hazards, we recommend that healthcare providers take environmental health histories in order to understand patients’ exposures, to monitor symptoms of exposure, and to assist with education about reducing exposure.
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Brown, M. A., and D. L. White. "Stimulating Energy Conservation by Sharing the Savings: A Community-Based Approach." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 20, no. 4 (April 1988): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a200517.
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In this paper a novel shared-savings approach to residential energy conservation is evaluated. By the use of data on preretrofit and postretrofit energy consumption, a normalization procedure to control for weather, and control groups, it is concluded that the shared-savings program (RECAP) has reduced annual electricity consumption by 1556 kWh per household, or 6.6% of preretrofit consumption. Energy savings differ markedly across the four communities served by RECAP, and are only weakly associated with installation costs. Savings are greater where audits are used to select participants with significant potential for conservation; households with large preretrofit electricity consumption generate particularly large savings. Regression analysis of survey data suggests that the net impact of behavioral and household changes upon electricity savings is minimal.
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Harrington, Charlene, Helen Carrillo, Valerie Wellin, Fannie Norwood, and Nancy Miller. "Access of Target Groups to 1915(c) Medicaid Home and Community Based Waiver Services." Home Health Care Services Quarterly 20, no. 2 (July 2001): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j027v20n02_04.
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Zoch-Lesniak, Beate, Robert S. Ware, Keith Grimwood, and Stephen B. Lambert. "The Respiratory Specimen Collection Trial (ReSpeCT): A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Quality and Timeliness of Respiratory Sample Collection in the Home by Parents and Healthcare Workers From Children Aged <2 Years." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 9, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy136.
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Abstract Background Most acute respiratory infection (ARI) research focuses on severe disease and overlooks the burden of community-managed illness. For community-based studies, home-based specimen collection by parents could be a resource-saving alternative to collection by healthcare workers (HCWs). In this study, we compared parent and HCW groups for their likelihood to collect specimens and the timeliness and quality of such collection. Methods In this unblinded randomized controlled trial, parents from Brisbane, Australia, were taught to identify new ARI episodes in their children aged <2 years. When their child had a new ARI, parents either collected a nasal swab from the child (P group) or contacted an HCW who visited to obtain a nasopharyngeal swab (HCW group). We compared the likelihood and timeliness of specimen collection and respiratory pathogen detection. A nested diagnostic study compared paired specimen collections from children in the HCW group. Results Included were 76 incident ARI episodes from 31 children and 102 episodes from 33 children in the P and HCW groups, respectively. The proportions of ARIs for which a specimen was collected were similar (P group, 69.7%; HCW group, 72.5%; P = .77), and pathogens were detected in 93.8% and 77.5% of the specimens, respectively (P = .03). The period between ARI onset and specimen collection was shorter in the P group than in the HCW group (mean difference, 1.9 days [95% confidence interval, 0.7–3.0 days]; P < .001). For the 69 paired specimens, viral loads were lower in the parent-collected swabs (mean cycle threshold difference, 4.5 [95% confidence interval, 3.1–5.9]; P < .001). Conclusions Parents and HCWs obtained samples in similar proportions of ARI episodes, but the parents collected the samples fewer days after ARI onset and with a resulting higher likelihood of pathogen identification. This method can be used in population-based epidemiological studies of ARI as a resource-saving alternative. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00966069.
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Khan, Roxanne, Shamam Saleem, and Michelle Lowe. "“Honour”-based violence in a British South Asian community." Safer Communities 17, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-02-2017-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore attitudes towards, and victimisation experiences of, “honour”-based violence (HBV) in a reportedly vulnerable population in the UK. Design/methodology/approach A convenience sample of 216 participants were recruited from a local community in England; the majority were young (mean age=21.93), Indian or Pakistani (85 per cent), Muslim (96 per cent), females (67 per cent). Findings Although gender differences were found for attitudes towards one aspect of HBV (namely, forced marriage), these were not significant. While HBV victimisation affected only a small proportion of this sample, when it was reported, the effects were serious and included anxiety, attempted suicides and running away from home. This highlights the need to identify and safeguard vulnerable groups without stigmatising whole communities. Originality/value These findings contribute to the scarce literature available on HBV in British communities, and highlight a need for culturally aware emergency and health service provision.
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Moseley, Lyndsay, and David Lewis Feldman. "FAITH-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES IN APPALACHIA: CONNECTING FAITH, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND REFORM." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 7, no. 3 (2003): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853503322709128.
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AbstractChristian faith-based environmental reform efforts in Appalachia advance a framework for policy change based on the view that the roots of the contemporary environmental crisis are moral and spiritual in nature. We examine how this framework is advanced among twenty faith-based organizations in Appalachia—a region with a legacy of serious environmental problems and a strong Christian tradition. We argue that these groups call for a new paradigm for assessing the causes of environmental problems—and for alleviating them. Unlike the traditional paradigm for change, which emphasizes political alterations, faith-based initiatives in Appalachia seek to advance environmental reform by promoting a transformation of personal values, attitudes, and conduct in support of an environmental ethic of care. Furthermore, these initiatives' strategies focus on educational and other strategies that can bring about this personal transformation—and, eventually, societal change. The major assumptions promoted by the traditional paradigm are seen by these Appalachian initiatives as key reasons for continued environmental degradation, while the underlying values of the new paradigm constitute a vision for an earth-keeping community having individual and global dimensions.
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Williams, Karen Jaynes, Patricia Gail Bray, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Ilana Reisz, and Jane Peranteau. "Modeling the Principles of Community-Based Participatory Research in a Community Health Assessment Conducted by a Health Foundation." Health Promotion Practice 10, no. 1 (January 2009): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839906294419.
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The authors discuss strategies used and lessons learned by a health foundation during development of a community health assessment model incorporating community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches. The assessment model comprises three models incorporating increasing amounts of CPBR principles. Model A combines local-area analysis of quantitative data, qualitative information (key informants, focus groups), and asset mapping. Model B, a community-based participatory model, emphasizes participatory rural appraisal approaches and quantitative assessment using rapid epidemiological assessment. Model C, a modified version of Model B, is financially more sustainable for our needs than Model B. The authors (a) describe origins of these models and illustrate practical applications and (b) explore the lessons learned in their transition from a traditional, nonparticipatory, quantitative approach to participatory approaches to community-health assessment. It is hoped that this article will contribute to the growing body of knowledge of practical aspects of incorporating CBPR approaches into community health assessments.
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Niero, Henrique, and Márcio da Silva Tamanaha. "Pigment-based chemotaxonomy of the phytoplankton community from a marine mussel farming area." Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/bjast.v25n1.16492.
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Microscopy technique is traditionally employed for assessing phytoplankton taxonomy. However, chemical approaches, such as the identification of biomarker pigments, allow to elucidate microalgae groups more quickly, in addition to detecting these valuable compounds. This study aimed to identify the pigment profile of microalgae species and to determine the seasonal pigment fluctuation in a marine mussel farm. Water samples were collected periodically between the years of 2014 and 2015. Phytoplanktonic organisms were isolated and cultivated in f/2 liquid medium under controlled temperature and light cycle. Cell content extracts from each unialgal culture and water sample were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pigment profiles of 13 marine microalgae strains were identified (12 Diatoms and 1 Dinoflagellate). Chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin were most present in Diatoms, while peridinin was the major carotenoid in Prorocentrum micans. Bacillariophyceae had higher density in the summer and fall. Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Dictyophyceae and Ebriidea, had an increase in density during winter and spring. Following the trend of phytoplankton groups, pigments such as fucoxanthin, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, chlorophyll c3 and c2, were identified throughout the year. Prasinoxanthin, peridinin, dinoxanthin and antheraxanthin were identified in samples collected during winter and spring.