Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Community and voluntary'
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Moxham, Claire. "Measuring the performance of voluntary and community organisations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488764.
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Stewart, Robert. "Voluntary motives to participate in community enterprise activity." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1679/.
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This study was concerned with the symbolic costs and benefits associated with different stages of volunteering, from the perspective of 222 participants engaged in three types of community enterprise activity across Scotland. Costs and benefits were set within a social exchange/incentive framework based on the approach of Clark and Wilson (1961). The study was mainly cross-sectional in design and involved a survey-based approach using a structured questionnaire. A related but separate longitudinal component was based on a standard measure of perceived control. The latter was used to explore the issue of empowerment amongst volunteers in general and in a follow up of 26 volunteers. The results generally showed that homogeneity does not rule across or within groups of volunteers. Community enterprise volunteers represented a distinct socio-economic grouping compared to UK populations and associated participation with a range of both costs and benefits. While volunteers were like UK groups and initially participated for mainly purposive reasons, the reasons for continuing participation and remaining involved, despite the associated costs, were instrumental and largely concerned with maintaining organisational achievement. Additionally, while people associated volunteering with a variety of benefits, those relating to perceived control and empowerment were minimal. There was no significant longitudinal evidence established for the latter construct. In contrast to benefits, while initial costs were largely opportunity related, the main costs of continued and retained participation concerned relationships with members, other volunteers and local people. Although there was significant inter-model variation in the reasons for participation at different stages, socio-demographic and organisational variables had a minimal role as moderator variables. The results were discussed in terms of previous research findings and their implications for future research.
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Harding, Steve. "Values alignment in voluntary and community sector organizations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2046879/.
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Introduction: - The study investigates values alignment process of leaders and employees and how alignment may support organizational development initiatives. The research has been carried out in two Voluntary and Community Sector (VCS) organizations in the North-West of the England. Literature: - The study identified an opportunity to research several domains within business management. Although, there have been informal associations between the various fields of leadership, organizational development and values, little research has specifically worked across the three domains, within the community and voluntary sector. Methodology: - The research took a Social Constructivism, philosophical perspective, which resulted in a Grounded Theory methodology being proposed. In order to meet the challenges of working with a Grounded Theory methodology, the research implemented a spiral approach as recommended by Berg (2007). This ensured a reflective approach to the research ideas and concepts, revisiting theory as it emerges from the data. Emerging Ideas and Concepts: - The study identified several organizational values processes, which supported operational values delivery and service development. This included Person Centred Organization, Organizational Alignment Model, which collectively merged into a Values Alignment Voluntary and Community Sector Service Model. The service model provided some theoretical ideas around alignment of values and organizational development. The collective ideas of the model resulted in the study proposing the Organizational Values Matrix, which incorporates values based themes and organizational areas which underpin or support values ideas within an organizational context. Discussion: - The discussion recognised the need for more humanistic perspectives in organizational development initiatives, which the current research indicates the models proposed do take into consideration. Furthermore, the research identified the human element missing from the previous values concepts proposed by literature which appear to take a ‘hard’ values approach, focused on the systems rather than one which recognise the staff and leader interrelationships on organizational values. Conclusion: - The study has proposed the Organizational Values Matrix as a framework which enables leaders to take a planned approach, appreciating the internal capacity of understanding values, linking various components within the organization whilst recognising the impact on actions and experiences. The study recognised the need for further research around the values interrelationships which take place within the models and framework proposed through the research.
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Visser, Cornelis Ane de. "The European Community conflict of laws rules on voluntary assignments /." [S.l.] : Groningen : Hephaestus ; Ulrik Huber Institute for Private International Law [distr.], 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016727383&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Brignull, Harry. "Understanding and designing for the voluntary adoption of community displays." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427064.
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Warwick, Laura Elizabeth. "Can design effect transformational change in the voluntary community sector?" Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/24459/.
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This qualitative, exploratory investigation provides insight into the relevance and applicability of adopting a Design for Service (DfS) approach to effect transformation in Voluntary Community Sector (VCS) contexts. Using Action Research and a case study structure, the DfS approach was introduced and applied within three VCS organisations in succession. In each organisation, data on the impact and perceived value of the approach to a range of stakeholders was captured during, immediately after, and in the year following the engagement. An inductive analysis process was then employed to build theory from the collated case study data. The research has established that the use of design at a systemic level of a VCS organisation can incite transformational change. It has shown that stakeholders' initial trust in the designer is more important than their trust in the DfS approach (methods and processes), which becomes crucial to increasing the influence of design in the organisation. Once the designer becomes a 'friend' to the organisation, they can operate at an embedded level as a 'critical friend', which allows them to challenge the status quo and create new organisational perspectives. Finally, it defines five organisational factors that are critical to using the DfS approach to effect transformational change in a VCS setting. The study has multiple contributions to knowledge, including: detailed evidence that design can be used to transform VCS organisations; a 'critical friend' model depicting how design can be used to effect transformation in such settings; and a prototype 'design-readiness' self-assessment tool for VCS organisations. This thesis represents the first doctoral length study into the application of the DfS approach in a VCS context, and provides both evidence and insight into its capacity to incite transformational change at a critical time for the sector.
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Ascough, Richard S. "Voluntary associations and community formation, Paul's Macedonian Christian communities in context." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25204.pdf.
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McLaren, P. A. D. "The political, administrative and voluntary sector contexts of recruitment in a local community." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327926.
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Sproule, Jennifer Elizabeth May. "Voluntary action, health and social well being in the Derry City Council area." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268614.
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Dominey, Jane. "Fragmenting probation? : a qualitative study of voluntary, public and private sectors' interactions in supervision." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/254960.
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The context for this dissertation is the growing use of voluntary sector organisations and private companies as providers of probation services in England and Wales. The study focusses on the everyday experience of probation supervision in an increasingly multi-agency environment and explores this experience from the point of view of probation workers and the people they supervise. The objectives of the study are to examine whether the probation service makes a distinctive contribution to this work, to investigate the interactions between supervisees, probation supervisors and workers from other agencies, to explore the purpose of different elements of community orders and to understand whether supervisees adopt different approaches to compliance with different elements of their orders. Drawing on empirical interview data, supplemented by data from probation service case records and from fieldwork notes compiled while in probation offices undertaking interviews, I identify patterns, themes and associations which help us understand the new structures and relationships. The research concludes that, for supervisees and supervisors, the involuntary nature of community supervision is significant. The supervisees in this study viewed the requirements of their community orders as legitimate because the orders were imposed by the court. They complied with these requirements in order to avoid breach proceedings, few would have volunteered for the services that they were receiving from the probation service or elsewhere. They attached more weight to instructions from probation supervisors than to those from key workers from other agencies. Supervisees viewed their orders as both a punishment and a help, without drawing a distinction between services received from the probation service and from other agencies. Thus the research makes a significant contribution to knowledge by outlining the importance of these relationships, between worker and supervisee and between worker and worker, in a new context of provision.
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Exline, Erica L. "A Stake in Conformity: Voluntary Running at a Juvenile Community Correctional Facility." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1194559770.
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Hughes, Ciaran. "Networks, social capital and the voluntary and community sector in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680082.
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Thomason, Corinne. "Voluntary sector activity and public sector support in care in the community for people with long term care needs." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252607.
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Slight, Audrey. "Governing the subject of voluntary work : a study of two generations of volunteer workers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323062.
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Pickles, James. "Bridging communities : exploring experiences of 'hate' within community, voluntary, and criminal justice sectors." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2018. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36288/.
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This thesis examines how hate is experienced, navigated, and negotiated within community, voluntary, and criminal justice services. It details the findings of a qualitatively driven, mixed methods research project including a survey of queer people (n=242) and 33 semi-structured qualitative interviews. The research found that LGBT+ people favour social justice pathways over criminal justice pathways to report, share, and reconcile their hate experiences. Thus I examine the role of criminal and social justice pertaining to hate experiences. I adopt a radical queer perspective, by arguing that the aetiology of hate stems from structural power imbalances and oppression of queer people. Drawing upon historical, sociological, victimological, and criminological perspectives I focus on identity as the conduit for hate victimisation and explore how identities, in particular age, gender, and sexuality, shape how hate is experienced, negotiated, and navigated. The research highlights that age is a major influencing factor as the spaces and places hate crime is perpetrated and experienced is usually correlated with age. Participants experienced more everyday background hate in the form of micro-aggressions, othering, and marginalisation than they did hate ‘crime’. Criminal justice workers advocated the need to protect LGBT+ people from hate crime, departing from the long history of the criminal justice system, previously, persecuting LGBT+ people. ‘Hate’ is both an adult-centric and binary concept, where only adults can experience hate ‘incidents’ or ‘crimes’. By exploring student groups, youth and community groups, and criminal justice workers this research has highlighted that community networks are key for LGBT+ people to organise their sociality and find support for their hate experiences. This research, with the exception of a survey, solely focuses on communities and individuals in the North East of England. It promotes the need for community layered hate crime research that is intersectional, in order to readily understand the social location of participants. This research provides examples of how experiences of hate can differ depending on age, gender, and sexuality.
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Nedilsky, Lida V. "The web of voluntary associations : Christian community and civil society in Hong Kong /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3055795.
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Milligan, Christine. "Towards a restructured geography of care : space, place and the voluntary sector." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366965.
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Collins, Jean Ann. "Power and community action : statutory service provision and voluntary activity in an urban neighbourhood." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236390.
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Kloseck, Marita. "Building a self-sustaining community system of health support for the elderly, determinants of individual participation in voluntary community action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51205.pdf.
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Georgiou, Dion. "From the fringe of London to the heart of fairyland : suburban community leisure, voluntary action and identities in the Ilford Carnival, 1905-1914." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/23886.
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The Ilford Carnival was a procession of costumed individuals and decorated vehicles held annually in this then outer-lying London suburb between 1905 and 1914 to raise funds for establishing a local hospital. This thesis utilises the carnival to provide an insight into how different suburban organisations and social groups came together in a particular performance of community. It argues that the carnival's administrative body, and other organisations involved, provided opportunities for inclusion and social capital attainment. It also demonstrates how a local culture of voluntary action provided the basis of a large-scale charitable initiative with an ethos of communal self-help. The suburban setting demonstrates the continued relevance of carnival, originating in the premodern ritual year, within a modern urban environment. In the wake of Ilford's drastic expansion, the carnival's annual recurrence provided reassuring familiarity, and an opportunity for inversionary performances, with the carnival's philanthropic rationale providing a justification for what might have otherwise been seen as transgressive. The thesis illustrates that the procession functioned as a suburban public sphere. Performances throughout operated between poles of artifice and sincerity, with dominant ideals about national and imperial identity, or class and gender roles, being projected through acts of dressing up, while such ideals were both transgressed and upheld through practices like crossdressing and blackface. The suburb too was reimagined, as both rural idyll and metropolitan tourist attraction. It also highlights how the carnival's timing, structure and content were impinged upon and influenced by expanding cultural industries, with the carnival commodified by participating businesses and media, but also appropriating fundraising models and imagery from commercialised formats like sport and theatre, connoting the topicality and recognisability that enabled it to compete within the metropolitan market for people's spare time and money.
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Jewell, Alistair John. "Bringing voices in from the cold : analysing the efficacy of asset-based community development in a voluntary homelessness organisation." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16538/.
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This thesis explores and evaluates the usefulness of asset-based community development (ABCD) to develop opportunities for participation with homeless people. Current research suggests that asset-based ways of working can promote effective alternatives to needs-based procedures and engage service users within health and social care production and delivery. ABCD may be defined as a process whereby underutilised local community ‘assets’ are drawn together to deliver social and economic benefits (McKnight and Block, 2012). However, little research into the applicability of ABCD has yet been undertaken with homeless people and associated non-statutory agencies. The research was undertaken within a small homelessness charity primarily operated by volunteers. As a volunteer within the charity I undertook a critical action research inspired approach into exploring the benefits of and challenges involved in using ABCD as a method of facilitating increased involvement of homeless people in a food distribution project, and investigated the wider applicability and challenges of ABCD as a means of enhancing involvement of homeless people. The strengths and weaknesses of undertaking participatory research and the issues around combining the roles of volunteer and researcher are reflected upon to share knowledge and experience of action research. Through undertaking this research as a process of investigation into how a homelessness organisation implements ABCD combined with a critical reflection of the role of the researcher as participant observer a rich and detailed insight into the research aims has been discerned. The research increases understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of ABCD in practice with a marginalised group and shows notions of a ‘homeless community’ and a ‘culture of homelessness’ to be of negative value in assisting homeless people to become more engaged within the community. It highlights the need for a more critical form of ABCD incorporating notions of power. In conjunction, it has enhanced opportunities for homeless people to engage and influenced practice within the charity.
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Calnan, James E. Taylor. "Blessed be the tie that binds, voluntary associations and community in Picton, Ontario, 1870-1914." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51036.pdf.
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Cross, Beverly. "The probation service and the voluntary sector : partnership in dealing with offenders in the community." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364307.
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Macmillan, Rob. "Tackling disadvantage in rural areas? : studies of the community-based voluntary sector in County Durham." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3121/.
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This thesis aims to add to the qualitative understanding of the nature of community based voluntary action. It does so through a close investigation of the organisation and impact of community-based voluntary sector projects which seek to tackle disadvantage in rural areas. This exploration illustrates some of the challenges faced by community groups, and supporting voluntary sector agencies, as they aim to address different forms of disadvantage. The thesis examines the contextual background in which community-based projects operate. This includes debates over the nature, extent and measurement of disadvantage in rural areas, but also the increasing interest amongst policy-makers and practitioners towards community-based approaches to tackling disadvantage. This is argued to amount to a 'community turn' in public policy. The empirical research undertaken for the thesis involved a collaborative link with a non-academic voluntary organisation, the Durham Rural Community Council. Research took the form of an intensive and extended ethnographic interaction with several case study projects operating in different rural areas of County Durham. Analysis of the case studies highlights three qualitative dimensions of the dynamic process of organising community-based voluntary action. Firstly projects operate within a semi-enclosed, and deeply contested 'field' in which individuals, groups and organisations act as differentially-positioned and insecurely-resourced participants in pursuit of scarce resources to preserve or advance their position. Increasingly at stake in this 'field' is how resources are allocated over time, and how long it should take to make a difference' in relation to disadvantage. The temporality associated with community-based projects thus forms an illuminating second dimension examined in the thesis. Finally, the scale at which projects are organised provides a third dimension explored through the case studies, illustrating the challenge in rural areas of remaining 'close' to users and participants whilst generating a viable scale of activities over large areas with dispersed populations.
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Kwandayi, Hardson Pindu. "Predictors of student participation in voluntary community service and environmental action: Evidence from NELS:88." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280426.
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The main purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which student performance in four school subjects (English, math, science, and social studies), student participation in extracurricular activities, student academic aspirations, and the time a student spent on part-time employment predicted student participation in voluntary community service and environmental action, controlling for demographic characteristics of the student as well as some basic characteristics of the school the student attended. The conceptual framework for the study was rooted in several theories, namely Dewey's theory of community, socialization theory, social capital theory, social exchange theory, and Adlerian theory. Based on these theories and a review of related literature, I formulated and tested 10 hypotheses. The data for the study came from NELS:88 dataset. I used logistic and multinomial logit regression models to test the hypotheses using a sample of 4,790 cases. The main findings of this study suggest that: (1) student performance in social studies (measured using average grades, Carnegie units, and centiles) is the most consistent positive predictor of student participation in community service and environmental action in comparison with student performance in English, math and science; (2) student involvement in extracurricular activities is a strong predictor of student engagement in community service and environmental action; (3) the time a student spends on part-time employment is negatively associated with student participation in community service and environmental action; and (4) a student who intends to finish college is more likely to participate in community service and environmental action than one who does not intend to finish college. On the basis of the study findings, I came up with several recommendations for practitioners and researchers involved or interested in community service policy making and implementation, environmental education as a strategy for environmental action, and program planning (environmental studies/environmental education) in higher education.
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Gough, Dennis. "Voluntary sector actors in community justice : a case study of St Giles Trust and ex-offender peer mentoring." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/voluntary-sector-actors-in-community-justice(bb649657-462f-4101-8cce-f21289d09fbf).html.
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Successive governments have envisaged an increasingly central role for the penal voluntary sector in a community justice marketplace in England and Wales. The recent Coalition government’s (2013) Transforming Rehabilitation reform agenda served to mainstream the diverse charities of the penal voluntary sector in the reconfiguration of work formerly the preserve of a statutory Probation Service and more latterly independent, Probation Service Trusts. In addition a less well remarked theme in the government reforms was the incorporation of ex-offender peer mentor volunteer roles into the penal sphere. By an analysis of government strategic documents and empirical research into a single case study of a penal voluntary sector charity, this thesis analyses two new voluntary sector actors in community justice. It offers a thematic analysis of a case study of St Giles Trust, an important and high profile charity in the penal voluntary sector and secondly, it offers a critically analysis of empirical research into individual volunteers by a specific focus upon the subjective understandings, experiences and practices of ex –offender peer mentor volunteers. The research questions relate to the relationship between neoliberal penal reforms and marketization strategies and the penal voluntary sector’s institutionalisation and independence from government noting the extent to which a penal voluntary sector charity can expand penal power and concomitantly be able to deliver real benefits for service users. The thesis also sheds light on the multiplicity of subjective understandings of peer mentoring including consideration of the extent to which such roles reflect government agendas to reduce recidivism and manage risk and to what extent is the peer mentoring role is imbued with acts of kindness and care. Whilst recent academic attention of the penal voluntary sector has identified significant heterogeneity amongst the sector, the thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by a detailed analysis of the internal hybridity and diversity inherent within a single penal voluntary sector organisation. The thesis notes how the involvement in marketization and contractual relations with government impact unevenly within St Giles Trust and the peer mentor led delivery. It presents research findings which detail an array of ways in which the charity has been influenced by government penal agendas. However, St Giles Trust’s contractual relations with government to deliver key interventions in the penal sector do not preclude an independence of voice and action and a freedom to follow their charitable mission through multiple sources of funding and an innovative peer mentor delivery model.
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Morris, Beverley. "Mentoring trainee teachers in the voluntary and community sector : a case study in initial teacher training." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11296/.
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This thesis is a case study of a small number of Voluntary and Community Sector (VCS) education providers in the East of England. It focuses on their response to the introduction of mentoring for Initial Teacher Training (ITT) and aims to describe existing interpretations and practice, highlight confusion and concerns and offer insights into the next steps for both the VCS and providers of ITT courses in the wider sector. From 2007, all new teachers in the Post Compulsory Education and Training sector are required to undergo ITT which includes mandatory mentoring support. This research was undertaken in the period immediately following the introduction of this requirement. Data was collected through a focus group and individual interviews with managers and teachers from diverse VCS organisations. This allowed for a range of opinions to be heard, analysed and interpreted and some comparisons to be drawn across and within organisations. The choice of a thematic analysis using the tools of grounded research ensured that the data could emerge and be constantly questioned as part of the research process, to avoid researcher influence wherever possible. Links have then been drawn between existing theories of mentoring and the research findings leading to conclusions to inform users and providers of mentoring and suggestions for further research. The findings can be summarised into six key points - • the definition and purpose of mentoring and the role of mentor leading to a continuum of confusion • support is identified by VCS providers as the key element in a mentoring relationship • activity is taking place in the VCS that could be described as mentoring but is unvalued and undervalued • VCS providers feel that other providers offering mentoring for ITT need to be aware of the specificity of setting and the ethos of individual organisations • there is little resistance to the introduction of mentoring for ITT into the VCS with an implicit acceptance that it is a good thing • the models of mentoring currently in use are based on inadequate pragmatism as they are a compromise.
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Prince, Kelly. "More than a 'rescue industry'? Experiences of working in the anti-trafficking voluntary and community sector." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702314.
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McGrath, Caitriona. "The interaction of school and community : an analysis and comparative study of voluntary secondary schools, community/comprehensive schools and community colleges/vocational schools in Cork city and county." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5751.
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This study attempts to investigate the interaction of school and community through a comparative study of second-level schools in Cork City and County. The Education Act 1998 sets the framework for the development of education as a partnership process involving pupils, teachers, parents, patrons, trustees/owners/governors, management bodies, local community (including voluntary social and business sector) and the state. The challenge is building partnership networks beyond the school where mutual interdependence is fostered and partnerships are inclusive of all persons in the dynamics of the interaction. The international perspective focuses on flexible learning styles and programmes which enable schools to connect more effectively with the wider diverse community of today. The study also follows the creative and innovative thinking on the developing interface between the school and changing society in Ireland. The focus here is on the school in the local community from inception to the present day. An in-depth questionnaire was designed with the specific aim of examining if schools were interacting with their community. This was distributed to second-level schools. Follow-up interviews were conducted among five representatives of the major stakeholders in the education process. The questionnaires elicited definite wide-ranging information and the interviews provided further clarification on issues pertinent to the study. The thesis concludes that the community/partnership dimension of education has gained much ground up to the present day although there are varying levels of interaction across the different sectors. The study also highlights the factors that either enhance or hinder the formation of meaningful strong proactive relationships and partnerships in the local community.
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van, Vuuren Catharina Cornelia Maria (Kitty), and n/a. "Community Participation in Australian Community Broadcasting: A Comparative Study of Rural, Regional and Remote Radio." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040720.153812.
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This study investigates the relationship between media and democracy with a particular focus on Australian community broadcasting. I put forward the thesis that the value and purpose of community broadcasting are located in its community development function, rather than in its ability to transmit alternative information. This suggests that an analysis should emphasise community rather than media. Community development promotes the empowerment of ordinary people so that they can confidently participate in management and decision-making - that is, the procedures and norms that underpin democratic practices. In the case of community media, the relationship between democracy and media is located primarily in its volunteers. To understand this relationship, I link together concepts of the public sphere and social capital. The public sphere is understood as multiple and diverse and linked to other publics via the web of relationships forged among people with shared interests and norms. I argue that a community public sphere should be understood as a cultural resource and managed as a common property. The public sphere is thus conceived to have a more or less porous boundary that serves to regulate membership. Understood as a bounded domain, the public sphere can be analysed in terms of its ideological structure, its management practices and its alliances with other publics. This approach also allows for a comparison with other similar public spheres. The study identifies two main ideological constellations that have shaped the development of Australian community broadcasting - professionalism and community development, with the former gaining prominence as the sector expands into rural and regional communities. The ascendancy of professional and quasi-commercial practices is of concern as it can undermine the community development potential of community broadcasting, a function that appears to be little understood and one which has attracted little research. The study presents a case study of three regional and remote rural community radio stations and compares them from a social capital perspective. Social capital is a framework for understanding the relationship between the individual and the community and explores this relationship in terms of participation in networks, reciprocal benefits among groups and individuals and the nature of active participation. Demographic and organisational structures of the three stations are also compared. By taking this approach, each station's capacity for community development and empowerment is addressed. The results of the fieldwork reveal that the success of a community radio station is related to 'community spirit' and demographic structure. They reveal that the community radio station in the smallest community with the lowest per capita income was best able to meet the needs of its community and its volunteers.
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Borovskaja, Olga. "Savanorystės organizavimo ypatumai vykdant projektinę veiklą bendruomenėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080128_104152-77568.
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Darbe yra apžvelgiama bendruomenės ir savanorystės samprata, savanorystės raiška bendruomenėje, savanorystės formos. Taip pat yra kalbama apie savanorių motyvacijos įtaką ir reikšmę bendruomenių projektinėje dalyje, kaip turi būti organizuojamas savanoriškas darbas, kokie organizavimo etapai pasireiškia. Šio darbo tikslui pasiekti ir pasirinktajai problemai tirti buvo atliktas kokybinis tyrimas. Tyrimas buvo vykdytas Vilniaus mieste. Apklausiami Vilniaus mieste veikiančių socialinių institucijų specialistai ir religinių bendruomenių lyderiai, organizuojantys savanorišką darbą bei turintys ne mažiau trijų metų darbo su savanoriais, projektų rašymo ir bendruomenės organizavimo patirtį.The work is carried out the survey of conceptions of community and voluntary service, expression of the voluntary service in the community and the forms of voluntary service. Also in the work is reviewed volunteers motivation‘s influence and significance in the community project activities and how the voluntary service should be organised, what organization stages are displayed. The method of qualitative research was used in this work in order to reach the aim of this work and research the chosen problem. Research was done in Vilnius city. In the survey participated specialists from Vilnius social institutions and leaders of religious communities, who organise voluntary work and have not less then 3 years of experience in work with volunteers, project writing and community organization.
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Moores, Margaret Eveline. "The local state and voluntary sector in transition, municipal reorganization and the future of community-service nonprofit organizations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0005/MQ45289.pdf.
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Sandaran, Shanti Chandran. "Compassion and war : a critical discourse analysis of the social practice of voluntary community service in contemporary America." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55783/.
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This study undertakes a critical investigation of the ideology underpinning the social practice of voluntary community service (VCS) in contemporary America. VCS is described as a hegemonic practice promoted by the Bush government, with the aim of social regulation and control of the people. The study combines Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) with Michel Foucault's theorising of the practices of modern government, for its methodological and analytical procedures. It incorporates Wodak's Discourse Historical Approach and Van Leeuwen's discourse analytical approach, i.e. recontextualisation, representation of social actors and social action, and legitimation. Two sets of data are analysed: political discourse which comprise four key speeches by G.W. Bush between 2001 and 2002, and data from an ethnographic study of a group of grassroots practitioners of VCS in the state of Oklahoma. The analyses of Bush's speeches centre on his attempts to mobilise the American people in VCS through the launching of a national service program - 'the USA Freedom Corps'. The thesis compares Bush's 2001 Inaugural Address and the 2002 State of the Union Address, of which only the latter appears to have succeeded in getting more people to volunteer. The analyses reveal a discursive shift in Bush's strategy from the pre- and post- September 11 period, whereby the latter speech appeals not only to the nation's patriotic feelings but also represents VCS as a 'wartime effort' in connection with the September 11 attacks and the subsequent 'War On Terror'. The analyses show the discursive deployment of the right-wing Christian ideology underpinning Bush's service initiative that is part of his political philosophy -'compassionate conservatism', and its policy for welfare reform - the Faith Based Initiative. The ethnographic study of the grassroots level practice of VCS demonstrates how this dominant ideology is adopted and naturalised amongst the VCS practitioners. The USA Freedom Corps and the Faith Based Initiative are discussed as programs of conduct that steer its practitioners (the American people) to adopt the preferred attitudes, beliefs, practices and lifestyles. It is argued that the social practice of voluntary community service in contemporary America has become a hegemonic practice that aims for moral regulation and social control.
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Bayliab, Ketsophaphone Kitti Shiyalab. "Performances of village health volunteers on people sector health system in Namphong District Khonkaen Province, Thailand /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737953.pdf.
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Yenn, Roumany Nate Hongkrailert. "Participation of village health volunteers in nutritional activities program, Muang district , Sakeo province, Thailand /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd387/4837992.pdf.
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Ari, Ismu Rini Dwi. "Participatory Approach to Community Based Water Supply System." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151959.
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Favell, Margaret Elizabeth, and n/a. "Power, control and accountability in a voluntary organisation : the implications for professional staff and service delivery." University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071003.101609.
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Over the last decade government policy has transformed many aspects of the welfare state and contracted out to private or voluntary non-government organisations many of the services previously provided by the state. Currently there is very little research on the benefits or disadvantages regarding standards of professional practice and delivery of these services when controlled by voluntary organisations and this research is a case study investigating these concerns.
By using the case study method it is possible to understand issues by incorporating concrete examples of practice within the context that it takes place, as it is only when seen in its proper setting that the general and conceptual significance of practice is understood.
This case study explores the relationships of power, control and accountability in one such non-governmental organisation, the Royal New Zealand Plunket Society and the implications these have for professional staff in the delivery of the service. The study uses the archaeology and genealogy methods suggested by Foucault. Archival material was gained from the Minutes of the meetings of the Plunket executive (1917-1984), constitution and rules. These serve to demonstrate the historical power relationships in the organisation, Plunket nurses� working conditions and how some nurses were treated. The dominant discourse in the archaeology contains two major themes, one being volunteers� autonomous 'ownership' of the organisation, and the other, the subordination of professionalism through the discipline and management of the nursing workforce.
Those same themes are also dominant in the contemporary data studied in the genealogy, which highlights the constraints imposed by volunteer 'ownership' in the contemporary period. It is a feature of the "path dependency" of the organisation that the belief that volunteers had a right to discipline and control the nursing workforce has remained largely unchanged in the contemporary period.
The practice and the context are personalised through interviews with some nurses so that their real-life experiences may give an in-depth understanding of the processes going on for them as professionals. This is one of multiple sources of evidence, including reports, reviews and research, used to triangulate the findings. Through the totality of these methods, insight into Plunket�s decision-making is made possible.
These serve to underline the continuing lack of accountability for service delivery of nonprofessional 'owners' of the voluntary organisation and the negative impact it can have on the delivery of professional services although the greater depth in the contemporary data also highlights two new subsidiary themes; the dominance of lay knowledge over both professional and managerial knowledge, and volunteers� motives for volunteering.
The contemporary interview data demonstrated how the historical culture of the organisation enabled this process to continue through poor workplace conditions, high staff attrition and, in some cases, severe personal pressure akin to workplace bullying.
This study exposes the significance of the culture of organisations, and reveals that the substance of apparent altruistic voluntary organisations may be much more complex and problematic than the ideology would lead us to believe. In a field such as this, where an NGO has sole national responsibility for such an important area and where the outcomes are so poor, change must be considered. While a path dependency explanation is pessimistic about change, it is argued that the only option for professional standards of service for this, and other NGOs, lies in much more accountability and democracy in stakeholder relationships. Recommendations are made in that direction.
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Nash, Melissa Caroline. "The 'arts' as cultural intervention for people with learning disabilities : a voluntary sector 'community' initiative in south-east London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317583/.
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This thesis examines 'cultural intervention' by arts practitioners/social activists in inner city London,England, in the lives of adults who have 'learning disabilities'. 'Cultural intervention' is thought necessary largely in response to their social and cultural exclusion. This has been highlighted by recent shifts in social policy, particularly those of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. An anthropological critique of social policy and welfarism as related to people with learning disabilities in Britain is offered, questioning the existence of 'community' at an ideological and material level. Also, the role of the 'arts' as an arena in which social and cultural attitudes can be challenged is explored. This is achieved through the study of relevant theoretical literature, drawing on anthropology and performance and disability studies,combined with analysis of fieldwork data collected in an arts company, Entelechy, between January 1997 and April 1999. Consequences of social policy on the lives of people with learning disabilities are (indirectly) explored through their participation in 'performance' (including drama, dance and music);visual and tactile media; and narrative, based in workshops. Issues around representation, subjectivity and corporeality are addressed. Qualitative anthropological methods were utilised, specifically participant observation and interviews, in addition to non-traditional techniques, as the work of Entelechy encompasses a wide range of people, including those with poor communication skills. Additionally, the research demonstrates that behaviour labelled as 'pathological' by the medical profession is often a powerful form of protest, meeting participants' needs. Entelechy's work is contextualised within alternative arts movements incorporating the avant-garde and community theatre. This runs in opposition to the employment of arts as 'therapy' by some 'professionals' working with learning disabled people, who emphasise pathology and rehabilitation towards a 'normative' state, rather than creative ability or cultural expression. A unique cultural experiment is thus examined, creating arenas for dialogue.
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Quantz, Mary Ann. "Effective Professional Development: A Study of a Teacher-Initiated, Interdisciplinary Professional Learning Community." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3650.
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This is a narrative inquiry study that describes the experiences of five junior high school teachers who participated in an interdisciplinary, voluntary professional learning community (PLC). Using identity as an analytic lens for the participants' experiences, and content-area literacy as the context for the PLC, the study describes how teachers involved in a PLC focused on inquiry and teacher learning storied their own experiences in the PLC. The participants' experiences highlighted three main themes which were (1) experiences with past ineffective professional development, (2) inadequacy, and (3) changes in thinking. The study highlights how these themes demonstrate the development of the participants' professional and group identities in their school setting. This study also includes a literature review and expanded methods section in the appendices.Keywords:
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Hatley, Pamela Jo. "Preserving Place: A Grounded Theory of Citizen Participation in Community-Based Planning." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4503.
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For this research project I used grounded theory methodology and qualitative research methods to examine how and why citizens participated in local community-based planning and land development entitlement processes, and learn about their experiences participating in those processes. I conceptualized the citizens' main concern as preserving the character of the place they consider their community. This research demonstrates that citizens participate in community-based planning and land development entitlement processes out of a concern for preserving the character of their communities. They define the character of their communities in terms of their geographic boundaries, history, traditions, people, lifestyle, and qualitative features including land uses, architecture, terrain, and environmental attributes. "Preserving Place" refers to citizens' efforts to maintain the character of their communities as they know and embrace them.
Citizens participate in collaborative community-based planning because they believe the process affords them an opportunity to set public policy that directly impacts their lives and their communities. Likewise, citizens participate in land development decision-making and entitlement processes in an effort to ensure that land use decisions are consistent with their community plan and preserve their community's character. Citizens form networks, such as voluntary community organizations, through which they organize their efforts and mentor each other to learn about complex local government land use processes and how to participate in them effectively. Through their network organizations citizens also marshal resources when necessary to mount formal legal actions in response to land development decisions they perceive as inconsistent with their community plan and their community's character.
Citizens who participate in local government land use processes are often pejoratively called "activists" and accused of being "anti-growth" or "NIMBY" (Not-In-My-Back-Yard). However, this research shows the main concern of citizens who participate in the community-based planning and other land use processes is not to oppose growth and development in their communities; but rather to plan for growth and development and ensure they occur in a way that respects and preserves what the citizens know as the character of the places they consider their communities.
I collected data from public records of community-based planning workshops and other land use decision-making processes that affected three communities in Hillsborough County, Florida between 1998 and 2011. I analyzed public record archives and interviewed 22 citizens, all of whom had participated in community-based planning or plan review processes and land development entitlement processes. The model that emerged from the data in this research demonstrates how significant the character of a community is to the people who embrace the community and consider it their home, and how their concern for preserving the character of their community motivates people to get involved in land use policies that affect them. The model further demonstrates the capacity of citizens to organize their efforts to defend and preserve their community's character.
This research contributes to the literature on citizen participation by providing an explanatory model that demonstrates how and why citizens participate in local government land use processes. This research can also be applied to practice to improve collaborative processes and help local government land use policy makers and land developers understand the motivations behind citizen participation in land use processes, and thus how to approach the resolution of conflicts among citizens, planners, local governments, private landowners and land development interests.
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Ramuhaheli, Rendani Marcia. "Challenges experienced by community organization in the provision of HIV/AIDS home based care." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5150_1367481640.
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In many developing countries including South Africa, there is an overwhelming number of people infected with HIV/AIDS in the hospitals, which the health care workers are unable to cope with. Therefore, an urgent need to develop alternative community based activities such as support groups, home based care programs and placement of
orphans, for the provision of social health care services to the HIV client, arises. However, a deeper understanding of the challenges facing community organizations when
providing home based care is crucial and necessary in order to formulate effective and relevant care services. The aim of the study was to explore the challenges faced by Umtha
elanga Community Organization (UWCO) in the provision of HIV/AIDS home based care. The objectives of the study were to assess the current home based care of the UWCO and to explore the challenges that community based organizations have to face when providing care services to people being infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. The research design undertaken was the case study of UWCO. The qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with the
management staff and home based caregivers was utilized. Data analysis began immediately after the interviews by transcribing and translating the audio-taped data. Thematic analysis was used in which data was coded and categorized. The findings of the research
indicated that the home based care programme assists PLWHA clients in their natural home setting. All home based carers work voluntary and get supported by the organization as
ell as by the department of social development and health such as the social workers. Finances appear to be, both for the organization and the home based carers, a huge
hindrance. Research indicated that the organization experiences various challenges to provide the service to their community. It is recommended that Government must ensure that
home based care workers get recognition, credit and support for their valuable contribution. Training for HBC employers needs to be extended to expose and add more skills. This
will ensure that they are equipped for their tasks. Home based care workers must become registered and paid better salaries by the government.
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Francis, Christine M. "The Impact of a "Response to Intervention" Initiative on Teachers' Efficacy with Students of Color in a Voluntary Desegregation Program." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/715.
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Thesis advisor: Elizabeth A. TwomeyThesis advisor: James Marini
This qualitative case study focused on a Response to Intervention (RTI) literacy initiative in a suburban elementary school near an urban area in New England. The initiative incorporated professional development about RTI and implementation of components of an RTI model. The participant-researcher analyzed teachers' feedback regarding the professional development and the RTI model, as the initiative developed, with a specific focus on the teachers' perceptions about the impact of the initiative on the school's capacity to effectively instruct urban students of color who are participants in a voluntary desegregation program. The professional development about RTI incorporated three features which are recommended for professional learning communities: content which is research-based, process which includes reflection and dialogue, and context which is job-embedded. The RTI model utilized the "problem-solving" approach, and incorporated progress-monitoring and interventions. The findings from the study indicated that the combination of three elements (sustained professional development about RTI, implementation of RTI in the school setting, and conversations and questions about addressing the needs of urban students of color) resulted in increased teacher confidence in their ability to provide effective instruction to this population of students. Further, the interaction of these three elements resulted in identification of next steps which the teachers believe will specifically address these students' needs. However, several teachers questioned whether RTI was adequate to address the complex issues of students of color in a voluntary desegregation program. They recognized that they needed more information about effective instructional strategies to match the learning profiles of this population of students. Combining the results of this case study with the recommendations of the professional literature about culturally responsive teaching, it appears that Response to Intervention has the potential to address the learning needs of urban students of color, but only if practitioners incorporate some basic principles of culturally responsive teaching. Integrating the results of this study with the professional literature about Response to Intervention, culturally responsive teaching, and effective professional development, the participant-researcher recommends that policymakers and educators should consider incorporating culturally responsive teaching into their RTI models in order to truly make RTI effective for addressing the achievement gap. Further, the researcher recommends that schools should provide sustained professional development (with content based upon research, process which includes reflection and dialogue, and context which is job-embedded) to increase teachers' understanding about Response to Intervention and about culturally responsive teaching
Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Administration
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Weimers-Maasdorp, Delia Angelique. "Evaluating the outcome of voluntary counselling and testing for HIV at the workplace : a Namibian case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6723.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In Namibia the HIV prevalence rate in adults (15 to 45 years of age) is estimated at 18.1%. The first HIV infection in Namibia was reported in 1986 and the epidemic constitutes the biggest developmental challenge for Namibia. Approximately 39 new infections occur every day and approximately 28% of deaths in the country are AIDS-related. The majority of Namibia’s workforce is in the age group of 15 years to 45 years and it can be anticipated that HIV and AIDS will have a major disruptive effect on the country’s workforce as well as its economy over the next two decades. According to the Namibian government, voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV is one of the most effective methods to prevent the spread of the epidemic. With this in mind, this study aims to evaluate the outcome of voluntary counselling and testing at one workplace in Windhoek, Namibia, to see whether VCT provides education as well as whether VCT is a vehicle to promote awareness, good attitudes, intentions and behaviour change. The main purpose of this outcome evaluation is to determine to what extent voluntary counselling and testing at the workplace has led to HIV-related changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and practises. Although the majority of respondents indicated that their knowledge of HIV had increased after their participation in the VCT programme, upon closer analysis it was evident that participants who had a secondary or higher level of education had more knowledge, or had had more of a knowledge increase, than participants with a primary or lower level of education. From the research findings, it appeared that the voluntary counselling and testing had helped participants to identify their individual risks, as their self-reported risk perceptions with regard to becoming infected with HIV and/or a sexually transmitted disease increased after their participation in the VCT. There was also evidence that participants implemented risk reduction plans after the voluntary counselling and testing, as the percentage of participants who had casual sex partners decreased while the percentage of participants who had not had casual sex partners in the previous six months increased. It can be concluded that the general attitude amongst employees towards HIV-positive people is relatively non-discriminatory. However, it seems that the VCT was not as successful in transferring information and education on HIV amongst employees with lower education levels than amongst their peers with higher levels of education, and employees with primary or lower education levels appear not to have benefited much from the intervention in terms of an increase in knowledge. It is recommended that voluntary counselling and testing be provided to the employees at the company on a regular basis, not only because employees have requested it, but also to monitor whether the voluntary counselling and testing for HIV at the company has had the desired effects on the employees, especially with regard to effecting an increase in knowledge, a reduction of stigma and discriminatory attitudes, and the desired behaviour change amongst participants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Namibië word die MIV voorkomssyfer onder volwassenes (ouderdom 15 tot 45 jaar) op 18,1% geskat. Die eerste MIV-geval in Namibië is in 1986 aangemeld en vertoonwoordig die land se grootste ontwikkelingsuitdaging met ongeveer 39 nuwe infeksies daagliks en ongeveer 28% van sterftes in die land wat VIGS-verwant is. Die meerderheid van Namibië se werksmag val in die ouderdomsgroep 15 tot 45 jaar en daar kan verwag word dat MIV en VIGS oor die volgende twee dekades grootskaalse ontwrigting op die land se werksmag sowel as sy ekonomie gaan veroorsaak. Volgens die Namibiese regering is vrywillige berading en toetsing (VBT) een van die mees doeltreffende metodes om die verspreiding van die epidemie te verhoed. Gedagtig hieraan het hierdie navorsingsprojek dit ten doel om die uitkomste van vrywillige berading en toetsing by een werksplek in Windhoek, Namibië, te evalueer ten einde te bepaal of VBT opvoedkundig is en of dit bewuswording, gesonde houdings, voornemens en gedragsverandering bevorder. Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie uitkomsevaluering is om die mate waartoe vrywillige berading en toetsing tot verandering in kennis, houding, gedrag en praktyke gelei het, te bepaal. Alhoewel die meerderheid respondente aangedui het dat hulle kennis na VBT verbeter het, het dit by nadere ondersoek geblyk dat deelnemers wat sekondêre of hoëronderwys gehad het, oor meer kennis beskik het of hul kennis meer uitgebrei het as respondente wat slegs 'n primêre of laer vlak van onderwys gehad het. Uit die navorsingsbevindings blyk dit dat daar onder deelnemers aan vrywillige berading en toetsing 'n toename in die self-aangemelde risiko-persepsie van besmetting met HIV en/of geslagsoordraagbare siektes na hul deelname aan VBT was. Daar was ook bewyse dat deelnemers na die vrywillige berading en toetsing risikoverminderingsplanne geïmplementeer het, omdat daar 'n afname was in die persentasie deelnemers wat informele seksmaats gehad het, sowel as 'n toename in deelnemers wat geen informele seksmaats in die vorige ses maande gehad het nie. Daar kan tot die slotsom gekom word dat werknemers se houding teenoor MIV-positiewe mense oor die algemeen betreklik nie-diskriminerend is. Dit blyk egter asof VBT ten opsigte van die oordrag van inligting en opvoeding oor MIV aan werknemers met laer vlakke van onderwys nie so geslaagd was nie omdat werknemers met primêre of 'n laer vlak van opleiding nie veel by die ingrypaksie gebaat het in terme van ‘n toename in kennis nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat vrywillige berading en toetsing op 'n gereelde grondslag aan werknemers by die maatskappy aangebied moet word, nie bloot omdat werknemers daarvoor gevra het nie, maar ook om te bepaal of vrywillige berading en toetsing vir MIV by die maatskappy die gewenste uitwerking op die werknemers gehad het, veral met betrekking tot die uitbou van kennis, 'n afname in stigmatisering en diskriminerende houdings, en 'n toename in die gewenste gedragsverandering onder deelnemers.
jfl2011
Imported from http://etd.sun.ac.za
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Salole, Abigail. "'It's kinda punishment': The role of the voluntary sector in the youth criminal justice system." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/230765/1/Abby_Salole_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the voluntary sector and the youth criminal justice system. By conceptualizing the interface between the statutory criminal justice system and the voluntary sector that previous scholarship has not yet fully explored, a new approach to understanding the complex and contradictory relationship between the state and the voluntary sector is developed. This research reveals ambivalences, tensions, and even opportunities that emerge from the state contracting out youth justice responsibilities. The relationship between the state and the voluntary sector has important consequences for the study of institutional responses to crime and conceptions of justice.
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Sikasote, Janet Precious Banda. "Effect of voluntary counselling and testing and a negative HIV result on risk behaviour : a qualitative longitudinal study in a Zambian mining community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4441.
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Background: Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are scaling up access to Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services as a strategy for HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. The international and national push to achieve targets for anti-retroviral therapy scale up has emphasised VCT as an entry point to treatment, with follow-up mostly directed at those who test positive. Yet over 60% of those testing are HIV negative. Limited understanding of how HIV voluntary counselling and testing, and receipt of a negative result impact on sexual behaviour has resulted in underdeveloped support for those testing HIV negative. Aims: To gain the perspective of those who have tested HIV-negative on the following: (1) the decision making process that precedes attendance for voluntary counselling and testing; (2) how voluntary counselling and a negative test result influence sexual behavioural intentions and reported subsequent behaviour; and (3) support systems and networks that would enhance the respondent’s ability to remain HIV negative. Method: Qualitative longitudinal study utilising semi-structured interviews, six months apart, with people who have tested negative and three one-off focus group discussions with counsellors. Participants were purposively sampled from VCT centres in two mining towns in Zambia. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically with the aid of the qualitative data analysis software, Nvivo7. Cross-sectional analysis of all data sets was conducted and paired transcripts were analysed longitudinally to assess change over time. Results: Forty-two HIV-negative people were interviewed, with thirty-one returning for the follow-up interview (74% return rate). VCT was perceived as ‚testing for HIV‛. Before attending VCT most participants had gone through a protracted period of angst, resulting in a resolution to reduce number of partners, use condoms or abstain from sex. Counselling affirmed life choices, rather than initiating them. Although perception of the risk of HIV increased, misconceptions about HIV transmission persisted post-counselling. The negative test result provided impetus and resolve to implement or maintain life change. Themes identified were: (1) recognising personal susceptibility to HIV infection; (2) emotional and cognitive engagement with the problem of testing; (3) a driving need to know status (regardless of test result); and (4) empowerment and being in control providing the ability to plan for the future. Analysis of post-test support needs revealed two further themes: (1) reinforcement of behaviour change through additional knowledge, supportive networks, and life-skills training; and (2) access to recreational activities. There was no reported post-test increase in unsafe sexual behaviour among those that returned for the follow-up interview. Focus group findings reinforced those from interviews. Conclusions: This study has shown that in this population of people who tested HIV-negative: 1. the majority made life changes before attending VCT and used VCT to know their status 2. counselling consolidated pre-test decisions about risk behaviour and testing provided motivation to adopt safer behaviour and to maintain previous low- or no-risk behaviour and 3. there is a felt need for post-testing recreational activities, further HIV/AIDS education and participation in HIV prevention activities. Recommendations include: (1) the promotion of community-based interactive one-to-one and group information, education and communication (IEC) (to aid understanding and progression to the point where testing appears to be of optimum benefit) ; (2) referral to post-test support options such as support groups and inclusion on a text messaging list should be made available; and (3) post-test intervention strategies, for example, provision of result-specific IEC materials and active involvement in prevention activities should be developed and evaluated.
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Wilson, Robert John. "The Patterns and Practices of Rural Middle School Students in a Voluntary Online Summer Reading Course." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1280858983.
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Engberg, Jan. "Folkrörelserna i välfärdssamhället." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-70254.
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Swedish voluntary associations, folkrörelser have been honoredwith a gilt-edged history, a chronicle in need of criticalnuance. Those mass movements which at the time of thebreakthrough of democracy and the welfare society were bearers ofcivic ideals and visions have changed in character and metcompetition from other organizations. Over the years theorganizational sphere as well as its enviroment have evolved intosomething of a completely different nature.The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the communityfunctions of voluntary associations; and to identify theconditions under which voluntary associations are able to promotedifferent political cultures.The analyses prove that voluntary associations in the welfaresociety occupy community functions located between the extremesof a service and a pressure function. Extrapolated to themacro-level they are on the way to a privatist and pluralistsociety, respectively. Few, if any, organizations maintain forcesthat point in the direction of a civil or state society.Organizations push society onto a path leading towards pluralismand individualism, but what does this imply for the developmentof the whole social formation? A variety of forces maycounterbalance the aspirations of voluntary associations. In thewelfare society key emphasis must be placed on what happens whenorganizations meet the challenge imposed by the volumnious growthof the public sector.The capacity of organizations to change the enviroment isdependent on the scale and thoroughness of public intervention:the more extensive government interventionism, the harder it isfor organizations to leave their imprint on the making of apolitical culture. If, however, the integration of the economic,social, and political arenas was to disintegrate or the arenaswere to become softer in their contours, organization potentialswould grow stronger. Voluntary associations are more reactivethan active in political conditions characterized by integratedarenas and government interventionism; reducing publicintervention is a prerequisite for organizations to be able toreshape the political culture.digitalisering@umu
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Leung, Yui-kee. "Perceived organizational climate and job satisfaction : a comparison between social work personnel in voluntary agencies in community development and family welfare services /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12341629.
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Newis, Christopher Frank Leslie. "Towards a paradigm shift in social enterprise : taking the mystery out of social enterprise in voluntary and community sector local development agencies." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88269.
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Van, Willigen Marieke. "Social psychological benefits of voluntary work: The impact of participation in political activism, community service work, and volunteering on individual well-being /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945320760966.
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