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Journal articles on the topic 'Communities structuration'
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Rosenbaum, Howard, and Pnina Shachaf. "A structuration approach to online communities of practice: The case of Q&A communities." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 61, no. 9 (August 25, 2010): 1933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.21340.
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Bansemir, Bastian, Anne-Katrin Neyer, and Kathrin M. Möslein. "Anchoring Corporate Innovation Communities in Organizations." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2012010101.
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Whereas literature in the area of open innovation considerably advances the understanding of innovation community mechanics, little is known about how innovation communities need to be anchored within organizations to unleash the creative potential of employees. To contribute to this discussion, this article focuses on the still understudied link among organizational integration and its influence on innovation activities and outcomes of corporate innovation communities. Additionally, it identifies distinct types of transition strategies to anchor organizational integration of corporate innovation communities. To attain this aim structuration theory is applied. Multiple in-depth case studies allow insights into antecedents of and transition strategies for corporate innovation communities. Results demonstrate that 1) cultural and structural integration are major antecedents for innovation activities and outcomes of corporate innovation communities, and 2) transition strategies offer valuable patterns to alter organizational integration.
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Widiono, Septri, Ekawati Sri Wahyuni, Lala M. Kolopaking, and Arif Satria. "Livelihood Diversity of Rural Communities Without Legal Access to Forest Resources: The Case of Kerinci Seblat National Park in Bengkulu Province." Forest and Society 8, no. 1 (June 19, 2024): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.30947.
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Kerinci Seblat National Park in Bengkulu, Indonesia, was gazetted by the Indonesian government, and its overlaps with forests occupied by most indigenous communities made their farming activities in the area illegal. People were prohibited from accessing and expanding their farming areas in the national park, threatening their livelihoods. The livelihood diversity index (LDI) and livelihood asset index (LAI) were used to explore the livelihood systems of these communities. This study also examines the effect of livelihood assets on livelihood diversity and analyzes livelihood strategy choices using Giddens’ structuration theory. A quantitative survey combined with in-depth interviews was conducted in two villages with different land types: wetlands (rice fields) and drylands (farmlands). This study found that the communities diversified their livelihoods into eight types of livelihood strategies. Almost all livelihood indicators were different, and the differences in livelihood asset indicators affected the LDI. As a process of structuration, communities have diversified their livelihoods into farm (e.g., annual and perennial crops), off-farm (e.g., farm wages), and non-farm (e.g., services and government transfer) activities. Rural households have modified their social and physical structures to secure their livelihoods by optimizing agricultural intensification technologies or by seeking non-agricultural income. Households decide whether to specialize or diversify their livelihoods based on factors such as the area of cultivated land, number of crops cultivated, distance of the farming location from the house, total household income, non-farm income, and reciprocal relationships.
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Diviné, Marc, and Julie Stal Le Cardinal. "How to Manage Virtual Communities and Teams using Adjacencies." International Journal of e-Collaboration 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2014010103.
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This paper aims at responding to the need for specific management of virtual entities. It proposes a flexible process based on Functional Analysis and Adaptive Structuration Theory, called Virtual Entities Management Support (VEMS). Starting from environmental requirements analysis, the method helps to choose functions, attitudes, and tools based on a strategic vision in three dimensions: the virtual entity value addition, the members' satisfaction, and the entity flexible frontiers. It leverages the powerful concept of adjacent individuals and adjacent communities inside the 3-D model. The full process is detailed and applied to five virtual entities inside and outside the industry. It raised a common view of 21 best attitudes. The paper provides managerial guidelines to managers of virtual entities.
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Garcia, Nathan, Eric Grenier, Alain Buisson, and Laurent Folcher. "Diversity of plant parasitic nematodes characterized from fields of the French national monitoring programme for the Columbia root-knot nematode." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): e0265070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265070.
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Plant parasitic nematodes are highly abundant in all agrosystems and some species can have a major impact on crop yields. To avoid the use of chemical agents and to find alternative methods to manage these pests, research studies have mainly focused on plant resistance genes and biocontrol methods involving host plants or natural enemies. A specific alternative method may consist in supporting non-damaging indigenous species that could compete with damaging introduced species to decrease and keep their abundance at low level. For this purpose, knowledge about the biodiversity, structure and functioning of these indigenous communities is needed in order to carry out better risk assessments and to develop possible future management strategies. Here, we investigated 35 root crop fields in eight regions over two consecutive years. The aims were to describe plant parasitic nematode diversity and to assess the potential effects of cultivation practices and environmental variables on communities. Community biodiversity included 10 taxa of plant parasitic nematodes. Despite no significant abundance variations between the two sampling years, structures of communities varied among the different regions. Metadata collected for the past six years, characterizing the cultural practices and soils properties, made it possible to evaluate the impact of these variables both on the whole community and on each taxon separately. Our results suggest that, at a large scale, many variables drive the structuration of the communities. Soil variables, but also rainfall, explain the population density variations among the geographical areas. The effect of the variables differed among the taxa, but fields with few herbicide applications and being pH neutral with low heavy metal and nitrogen concentrations had the highest plant parasitic nematode densities. We discuss how these variables can affect nematode communities either directly or indirectly. These types of studies can help to better understand the variables driving the nematode communities structuration in order to support the abundance of indigenous non-damaging communities that could compete with the invasive species.
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Rasyid, Erwin, Fitri Maulidah Rahmawati, and Hari Akbar Sugiantoro. "Communication Structuring in Aisyiyah’s Empowerment Activities in Isolated Tribal Communities." Komunikator 14, no. 2 (November 14, 2022): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jkm.16059.
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Several parties continue to criticize the empowerment of remote tribal or indigenous communities. The empowerment program for remote indigenous communities has not yet been deemed effective for empowering indigenous communities. Using Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory, this study aims to examine how communication is structured in community empowerment activities for isolated tribes. Using a case study methodology, this study uses qualitative descriptive approach. Interviews were conducted with the Regional Leader of ‘Aisyiyah (PDA) Banggai, who empowered an isolated tribe in the interior of Tombiobong, Maleo Jaya village, South Batui sub-district, Banggai district, Central Sulawesi (Sulteng). The study indicates that social reproduction occurs through the duality of structures in Aisyiyah empowerment activities among the indigenous Loinang people. This fits with Giddens’s idea of duality, which says that structure and agent work together and affect each other.
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Bruns, Axel. "Towards Distributed Citizen Participation: Lessons from WikiLeaks and the Queensland Floods." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 4, no. 2 (December 19, 2012): 142–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v4i2.135.
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This paper examines the rapid and ad hoc development and interactions of participative citizen communities during acute events, using the examples of the 2011 floods in Queensland, Australia, and the global controversy surrounding Wikileaks and its spokesman, Julian Assange. The self-organising community responses to such events which can be observed in these cases bypass or leapfrog, at least temporarily, most organisational or administrative hurdles which may otherwise frustrate the establishment of online communities; they fast-track the processes of community development and structuration. By understanding them as a form of rapid prototyping, e-democracy initiatives can draw important lessons from observing the community activities around such acute events.
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Blackburn, Natalie A., Willa Dong, Megan Threats, Megan Barry, Sara LeGrand, Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman, Karina Soni, Deren V. Pulley, Jose A. Bauermeister, and Kate Muessig. "Building Community in the HIV Online Intervention Space: Lessons From the HealthMPowerment Intervention." Health Education & Behavior 48, no. 5 (April 9, 2021): 604–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10901981211003859.
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Background Mobile health platforms can facilitate social support and address HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) stigma but pose challenges for intervention design and participant engagement. Giddens’s structuration theory, that individuals are shaped by—and shape—their communities through rules and resources that give them power to operate within these environments, provides a useful analytic framework for exploring these dynamic intervention spaces. Method Data were drawn from an online randomized controlled trial intervention (HealthMpowerment) for young Black men who have sex with men to reduce condomless anal intercourse. We applied a conversational analysis informed by structuration theory to 65 user-generated conversations that included stigma content. We aimed to understand how the interdependent relationship between the intervention space and participants’ contributions might contribute to behavior change. Results Thirty five intervention participants contributed to the analyzed conversations. Our analysis identified three types of conversational processes that may underlie behavior change: (1) Through intervention engagement, participants established norms and expectations that shaped their discussions; (2) participants used anecdotes and anonymity to reinforce norms; and (3) intervention staff members sought to improve engagement and build knowledge by initiating discussions and correcting misinformation, thus playing an integral role in the online community. Conclusions The lens of structuration theory usefully reveals potential behavior change mechanisms within the social interactions of an online intervention. Future design of these interventions to address HIV stigma should explicitly characterize the context in which individuals (study staff and participants) engage with one another in order to assess whether these processes are associated with improved intervention outcomes.
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Fuaddah, Zamroatul, Ismi Dwi Astuti, and Andre Noevi Rahmanto. "The Process of Dramatizing Messages in The Formation of a Millionaire Village (Study at Sekapuk Tourism Village, Ujung Pangkah Subdistrict, Gresik Regency)." Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan 11, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22500/11202344145.
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Communication of disseminating stakeholder messages through dramatization aims to improve the economy and people's welfare. This article aims to examine how symbolic convergence in the tourism sector can create social change in the Selo Tirto Giri Tourism Object, Gresik Regency. This study uses the theory of symbolic convergence from Bormann and the theory of structuration from Gidden. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method with a single case study. The informants of this research were village stakeholders who were determined purposively. Data validity uses source triangulation. Data analysis uses fantasy theme analysis where fantasy messages become the unit of analysis Lindlof and Taylor. The results of the study show that the dramatization of messages is created through fantasy themes, namely awareness of developing regions, getting along in harmony, and prosperous and independent communities. Symbolic convergence is related to the structuration that occurs symbolically in Sekapuk Village. The existence of repeated messages creates a dimension of public awareness that shapes the structure and creates social change. The process of dramatizing messages and structuring forms the tourist attraction of Selo Tirto Giri so that Sekapuk Village, which is a poor village, becomes a Millionaire Village.
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Zingaretti, Laura M., Gilles Renand, Diego P. Morgavi, and Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas. "Link-HD: a versatile framework to explore and integrate heterogeneous microbial communities." Bioinformatics 36, no. 7 (November 18, 2019): 2298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz862.
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Abstract Motivation We present Link-HD, an approach to integrate multiple datasets. Link-HD is a generalization of ‘Structuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique–Analyse Conjointe de Tableaux’, a family of methods designed to integrate information from heterogeneous data. Here, we extend the classical approach to deal with broader datasets (e.g. compositional data), methods for variable selection and taxon-set enrichment analysis. Results The methodology is demonstrated by integrating rumen microbial communities from cows for which methane yield (CH4y) was individually measured. Our approach reproduces the significant link between rumen microbiota structure and CH4 emission. When analyzing the TARA’s ocean data, Link-HD replicates published results, highlighting the relevance of temperature with members of phyla Proteobacteria on the structure and functionality of this ecosystem. Availability and implementation The source code, examples and a complete manual are freely available in GitHub https://github.com/lauzingaretti/LinkHD and in Bioconductor https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/LinkHD.html.
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Jones, Richard C. "Migrant agency and community structure: Competing explanations for economic decline in migrant sending communities of rural central Mexico." Migration Letters 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v9i2.101.
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In response to Giddens' structuration theory, this study attempts to unravel the linkages between migration and local economic growth by moving beyond the household to the community level of analysis, and by considering lagged relationships over several years. The case study -24 towns in central Zacatecas, Mexico-concludes that remittances from US migration play an ambiguous role, providing basic income but at the same time resulting in more expenditures outside the community, which results in a lower multiplier effect and lower growth rates (measured by population growth). The reason for the externalization of expenditures is not so much the migration experience itself, as the socio-economic structure of sending communities, including their small populations and poor employment structures, which put overwhelming constraints on their growth and development.
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Edwards, Will, and Amir Kalan. "Addressing the Subjugation of Knowledge in Educational Settings through Structuration of Teacher Research." Canadian Journal of Action Research 24, no. 1 (January 13, 2024): 56–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33524/cjar.v24i1.664.
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Building on critical sociological models and action research traditions, our work theorizes a structurated model of action research to address the subjugation of knowledge within educational settings. We focus on the interplay between structure and agency and how these dimensions can co-evolve in teacher research. In this article, we examine how teachers and researchers engaged in collaborative inquiry communities inhabit a complicated role within educational structures. The authors outline and detail rich cases that illustrate the dense particulars of knowledge subjugation within educational structures—these range from the denigration of immigrant students’ credentials to the suppression of indigenous languages. The testimonies of practitioners and students are presented to underscore the inchoate and contradictory conditions that inform educational systems and the meaningful alternative practices that might contravene inequitable structures. The possibilities for recognizing the corrosive mechanisms of knowledge subjugation potentiate resistant parallel structures that invite meaningful inquiry-based methods.
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Dunck, B., IS Nogueira, and SA Felisberto. "Distribution of periphytic algae in wetlands (Palm swamps, Cerrado), Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 2 (May 2013): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000200013.
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The distribution of periphytic algae communities depends on various factors such as type of substrate, level of disturbance, nutrient availability and light. According to the prediction that impacts of anthropogenic activity provide changes in environmental characteristics, making impacted Palm swamps related to environmental changes such as deforestation and higher loads of nutrients via allochthonous, the hypothesis tested was: impacted Palm swamps have higher richness, density, biomass and biovolume of epiphytic algae. We evaluated the distribution and structure of epiphytic algae communities in 23 Palm swamps of Goiás State under different environmental impacts. The community structure attributes here analyzed were composition, richness, density, biomass and biovolume. This study revealed the importance of the environment on the distribution and structuration of algal communities, relating the higher values of richness, biomass and biovolume with impacted environments. Acidic waters and high concentration of silica were important factors in this study. Altogether 200 taxa were identified, and the zygnemaphycea was the group most representative in richness and biovolume, whereas the diatoms, in density of studied epiphyton. Impacted Palm swamps in agricultural area presented two indicator species, Gomphonema lagenula Kützing and Oedogonium sp, both related to mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions for total nitrogen concentrations of these environments.
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Jiménez, Monserrat, José Alejandro Zavala-Hurtado, Carlos Martorell, Ernesto Vega, Esther Sandoval-Palacios, Gilberto Hernández-Cárdenas, and Beatriz Rendón-Aguilar. "Despite dramatic local changes, the metacommunity structure of a semiarid scrub remains unaffected after 23 years." Botanical Sciences 98, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2437.
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Background: Understanding changes in local community composition along environmental gradients is essential for studying the long-term metacommunity dynamics. The metacommunity structure depends on the distribution of species along environmental gradients in terms of their coherence (continuity in their distribution range), species turnover and grouping of their range limits. A Clementsian structure would be defined by coherent ranges, significant turnover and sharp limits between local communities. All other things equal, a Gleasonian structure is distinguished by the absence of clear boundaries between local communities.
Questions: The structure of a scrubland/semiarid/xeric metacommunity changes 23 years after its first characterization? Do environment and spatial variables determine the metacommunity structure?
Species studied: 104 perennial-plant species.
Study site and dates: Zapotitlán semi-arid valley, Puebla, in 1980 and 2003.
Methods: Metacommunity structure and its relationship to environmental (edaphic) and spatial (altitude, slope and geographical location) variables were analyzed using data from the two historic surveys.
Results: In 1980 a Clementsian structure was determined, which remained unchanged after 23 years. The importance of environmental filters decreased from 1980 to 2003.
Conclusions: The prediction that, due to stochastic dispersion of propagules, the metacommunity would tend toward a Gleasonian structure was not fulfilled. There was no evidence for homogenization, although local tetechera communities (with dominance of the giant columnar cactus Cephalocereus tetetzo) had been invaded and transformed into shrubland communities. Local communities and the metacommunity should be monitored continuously to understand of the long-term structuration of these systems.
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Prasad, Sameer, James Jaffe, Kuntal Bhattacharyya, Jasmine Tata, and Donna Marshall. "Value supply chains at the base of the pyramid: studies of past and present textile networks." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 7, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-02-2017-0002.
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Purpose Billions of entrepreneurs at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) operate as small-scale producers within multi-tiered supply chain networks. Unfortunately, a majority of these entrepreneurs are simply unable to derive sufficient value from the network and are vulnerable to disasters and poverty. The purpose of this paper is to develop a typology that examines dynamic and triadic power relationships in order to create value chains for BoP producers. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds upon the available literature and a relevant historical case study to develop a typology. The validity of the typology is ascertained by examining and comparing two current BoP silk weaver communities in India. Findings The typology captures essential environmental variables and relates them to mediated and non-mediated forms of power which, in turn, shape the value derived from the supply chain network. Practical implications The typology provides specific recommendations for BoP producers, such as the formation of cooperatives, engaging in political unionization and ensuring that their social networks expand beyond local communities. Originality/value The typology brings together structuration theory and power and provides a framework for understanding supply value. This typology is generalizable to dynamic multi-tiered supply chain networks.
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Pathak, Shubham. "Disaster Crisis Communication Innovations." International Journal of Disaster Response and Emergency Management 2, no. 2 (July 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdrem.2019070101.
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Disaster crisis communication is essential for providing adequate and successful disaster management process during disaster events. This article analyses the disaster communication in Thailand during the 2011 floods. The newspapers and government agencies found it difficult to provide timely and accessible flood information to the public. The methodology involves qualitative analysis of the data collected by questionnaire survey, key informant interviews and print news headlines from three leading newspapers in Thailand. The article involves adoption of structuration theory for analyzing the severe implication and inadequate crisis communication in Thailand during 2011 floods. The findings include the gaps in the disaster communication systems at the government level towards the local community. There is a need to provide user friendly disaster communication system to assist in resilient communities. All channels of communication including television and media, smartphones, open source data and social media must be incorporated in a comprehensive disaster communication system.
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Zvelebil, Marek. "Homo habitus: agency, structure and the transformation of tradition in the constitution of the TRB foraging-farming communities in the North European plain (ca 4500–2000 BC)." Documenta Praehistorica 32 (December 31, 2005): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.32.5.
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The current generally accepted view of the dispersal of farming into Europe is that farming groups in the eastern Mediterranean colonised selectively optimal farming areas. The role of contact between indigenous hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers was very important to the operation of this process. This general view of the spread of farming at a broad inter-regional scale gives us our understanding of the origins of the Neolithic but merits closer examination at the local and regional level, as increasingly it is becoming apparent that the causes and motivations may have differed. In this paper, Mesolithic to Neolithic communities with evidence of the transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer will be examined at a regional scale, in the central part of the north European plain, focussing on Kujavia. Additionally, the theory of structuration will be applied in order to elucidate the transition process at this level.
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Yunita, Desi, Nunung Nurwati, Wahyu Gunawan, and Azlinda Azman. "The Vulnerability Model of Water Resources Management in Forest Edge Communities in Sumedang Regency." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (January 29, 2024): e2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2879.
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Purpose: This study aims to explain the vulnerability of institutional management practices of water resources, agent practices, and system reproduction that can potentially cause social vulnerability in society. Theoretical reference: Structuration theory was chosen because this theory can explain structural or institutional vulnerability seen from practices in water resources management. Method: A qualitative approach using the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method was employed to map the social vulnerability of management structures. NVivo mind map analysis and geographic information system analysis were used to strengthen the relationship between social practices and vulnerability information through drought maps. Results and Conclusion: The results of the study show that resource management is vulnerable to maintaining old patterns or habits because agents are unable to break through institutional systems and structures do not have authority, and have no bargaining position. Reproduction of social systems takes place in accordance with ongoing social structures that traverse space and time. The forestry organization KPH Sumedang has the authority to manage water resources around the forestry area. Vulnerability becomes a phenomenon of water user communities on the forest's edge. Discursive and recursive practices of actors/agents perpetuate the social structure of water users, such as the potential vulnerability of the social structure of water user communities and practices that encourage social vulnerability. Implications of research: This study has shed light on the community vulnerability related to the management of water resources by the forest edge communities. In addition, this study has given insight into the vulnerability of the social structure that can be seen from the practices of water users in village communities on the edge of the forest. Originality/value: The originality lies in how this research scrutinizes the social vulnerability model in managing water resources in communities in villages on the edge of the forest. So far, vulnerability has been studied more often after a disaster occurs.
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Cohn, Patricia J., Matthew S. Carroll, and Yoshitaka Kumagai. "Evacuation Behavior during Wildfires: Results of Three Case Studies." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.1.39.
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Abstract Evacuation of rural communities threatened by wildfires is occurring more often, particularly in the western United States. Residents, public safety officials, community leaders, and public land managers are facing the issues and problems of this new experience. We used semi-structured interviews to elicit the evacuation experience from the viewpoint of evacuees and public safety officials in three case studies of wildfire evacuations in the western United States during 2000 and 2002. (Our interviews were conducted only with Teller County residents and officials.) We identify and describe the stages of the evacuation process as experienced by evacuees, and the dynamics and dilemmas associated with each stage. We analyze these perceptions and dynamics using the sociological lenses of social construction of meaning and structuration. The results indicate that evacuees and public safety officials have different perceptions and concerns about the evacuation process. We derive lessons learned from these three cases for use in planning future wildfire evacuations.
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Kartika Putri, Della Aprilia Kartika Putri, Fatiya Diana Wulandari Putri, and Rahayu Rahmawati. "Pemberdayaan Perekonomian Masyarakat Desa Jubung Melalui Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM)." Jurnal Kewirausahaan Cerdas dan Digital 1, no. 3 (June 10, 2024): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/jukerdi.v1i3.158.
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This research aims to analyze efforts to empower the economy of village communities through improving and developing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) using Anthony Giddens' Structuration theory. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The method for determining the research location uses the purposive area method, namely in Jubung Village, Sukorambi District, Jember Regency. Determining research informants used the purposive sampling method. The informants in this research were MSME actors and the village government in Jubung Village. Data collection includes observation, interviews, and documentation, then the data analysis process includes data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research results show that the village government in empowering MSMEs in Jubung Village has carried out its role well by providing a special platform or place for MSME actors to enable them to produce and market their goods. Apart from that, the Jubung Village government is trying to propose and seek budget support and technical assistance from related agencies, such as the Cooperatives Service.
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Arabella*, Clara Dhiyaa, Bagas Narendra Parahita, and Siany Indria Liestyasari. "Preventive Efforts Of Schools And Communities In Overcoming Violence Against Adolescents At SMA N 3 Sukoharjo." Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities 7, no. 3 (July 11, 2024): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jr.v7i3.39724.
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This study was chosen because of the rampant phenomenon of violence against children which is shown by a significant increase in the number of reports of violence from official institutions and schools. This study discusses the structuring that occurs in implementing preventive efforts carried out by SMA N 3 Sukoharjo and the community in dealing with violence against adolescents, providing students with a deep understanding of the negative impact of bullying behavior and equipping them with skills and strategies to stop and prevent bullying cases in the school environment. The research was carried out using a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. Meanwhile, analyzing data is carried out in 3 stages, namely, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study were analyzed using the theory of Structuration by Anthony Giddens to relate agents and structures in the process of preventive efforts carried out by SMA N 3 Sukoharjo and the community in overcoming violence that occurs in adolescents. Teachers and school residents are agents while schools and communities are actors in a managerial structure.The results of the study show that schools and communities have various efforts such as carrying out socialization activities, making positive campaign wall posters about violence and the P5 video project to convey anti-bullying messages and highlight the negative impact of bullying behavior. Meanwhile, the community introduced the concept of pioneer pioneers (2P) and the formation of agents of change to encourage children to report violence or other inappropriate actions.
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Nurul Aula, Siti Khodijah. "PERAN TOKOH AGAMA DALAM MEMUTUS RANTAI PANDEMI COVID-19 DI MEDIA ONLINE INDONESIA." Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v3i1.2224.
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Information transmission takes an important role in overcoming the covid-19 pandemic. This role is carried out by various parties, including religious leaders. Religious leaders who have charismatic figures, have a special powers that can influence many actions of the people who become their communities. Messages which delivered by religious leaders have a tendency to be followed both the substance of good and bad messages. Therefore, this study aims to explore the responses of religious leaders in online media. To achieve this goal, this research uses descriptive-analysis method by Anthony Giddens about structuration approach. This paper concludes that a role of religious leaders in dealing with covid-19 plays the role as a shock absorber to other people (motivator), the pandemic information mouthpiece (communicator), and the role model (idol). Their role of religious leaders in preventing covid-19 increasingly strengthens a social hierarchy it has in patron-client relations. This form of relationship makes religious leaders to maximize their potential charismatic leadership. It makes our research further strengthen other research on an influence of religious leaders in the formation of social action.
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Fernández, Jose D., Daniel Lobo, Gema M. Martn, René Doursat, and Francisco J. Vico. "Emergent Diversity in an Open-Ended Evolving Virtual Community." Artificial Life 18, no. 2 (April 2012): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00059.
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Understanding the dynamics of biodiversity has become an important line of research in theoretical ecology and, in particular, conservation biology. However, studying the evolution of ecological communities under traditional modeling approaches based on differential calculus requires species' characteristics to be predefined, which limits the generality of the results. An alternative but less standardized methodology relies on intensive computer simulation of evolving communities made of simple, explicitly described individuals. We study here the formation, evolution, and diversity dynamics of a community of virtual plants with a novel individual-centered model involving three different scales: the genetic, the developmental, and the physiological scales. It constitutes an original attempt at combining development, evolution, and population dynamics (based on multi-agent interactions) into one comprehensive, yet simple model. In this world, we observe that our simulated plants evolve increasingly elaborate canopies, which are capable of intercepting ever greater amounts of light. Generated morphologies vary from the simplest one-branch structure of promoter plants to a complex arborization of several hundred thousand branches in highly evolved variants. On the population scale, the heterogeneous spatial structuration of the plant community at each generation depends solely on the evolution of its component plants. Using this virtual data, the morphologies and the dynamics of diversity production were analyzed by various statistical methods, based on genotypic and phenotypic distance metrics. The results demonstrate that diversity can spontaneously emerge in a community of mutually interacting individuals under the influence of specific environmental conditions.
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Steinerowski, Artur A., and Izabella Steinerowska-Streb. "Can social enterprise contribute to creating sustainable rural communities? Using the lens of structuration theory to analyse the emergence of rural social enterprise." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 27, no. 2 (February 2, 2012): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094211429650.
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Saprika, Alen, Afrizal Afrizal, and Azwar Azwar. "PRAKTIK SOSIAL PERTAMBANGAN: Suatu Studi Penanganan Konflik Oleh Sebuah Perusahaan Izin Clear and Clear di Ulayat Penghulu Nan Salapan, Nagari Lunang Utara." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 21, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v21.n1.p73-80.2019.
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The concept of the clear and clean permit has been implemented since 2011 by the Indonesia government to produce sustainable mining practices. This concept is applied by the government due to the occurrence of conflicts in Indonesia. This article presents the results of research findings concerning the influence of clear and clean permits to social practices of mining. The study used structuration theory and using qualitative research method what has been studied is the use of government regulations by mining companies, related government agencies, and local communities to legitimize and understands their actions. A case PT. Tripabara operating in Nagari Lunang Utara has been studied. This article would like to show that although the company has obtained a clear and clean license, sustainable mining practices are not carried out. The article discussed the causes of unsustainable mining practices by PT. Tripabara. Two things will be revealed: the first is status of clear and clear permits obtained by the company is used by the company officials to claim that their mining practice is sustainable, while the community based their understanding of the company behavior on the company’s actions to tackle environmental problems and conflict of land acquisition.
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Sharp, Darren. "Participatory Cultural Production and the Diy Internet: From Theory to Practice and Back Again." Media International Australia 118, no. 1 (February 2006): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0611800104.
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The free and open source software movements have inspired a new mode of participatory cultural production. The early hacker communities elaborated a sophisticated socio-technical system of network-enabled collaboration culminating in the GNU-Linux operating system. More recently, a range of do-it-yourself (DIY) media technologies have given any user with internet access the ability to become a producer in a variety of social fields. This has spawned an entirely new understanding of authorship and content production in film (machinima), games (player-producers), journalism (blogs), radio (podcasting) and knowledge production (Wikipedia). A number of social science epistemologies embrace ‘practice’ as a representational category to explain the relationship between structure and agency, such as Giddens' (1984) and Bourdieu's (1977) theories of structuration. Missing from most of these accounts is any engagement in practice-based research to construct knowledge about their domains. It will be shown that action research provides an important empirical method capable of extending the field of knowledge about user-led innovation. Action research provides a practice-based method to explore how social shaping occurs in the development of participatory cultural production systems.
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Béguinot, Jean. "Comparing the Complete Hierarchical Structuration of Species Abundances in Reef Fish Communities According to Coral Morphology, Using the Numerical Extrapolation of Only Incomplete Inventories." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 8, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2018/45402.
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Boccagni, Paolo. "Come fare le madri da lontano? Percorsi, aspettative e pratiche della "maternitŕ transnazionale" dall'Italia." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (June 2009): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2009-001003.
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- Abstract Transnational caregiving, i.e. the ongoing affectional and material care relationships between migrant parents and children left behind, has gained increas-ing salience in international literature. The paper builds on the results of one of the first empirical investigations on the topic in Italy. The biographical experience of transnational mothers is approached within a local immigration context (the prov-ince of Trento). Relevant insights are thus provided on four areas of concern: the origin and the development of migration processes; the relationships with the motherland and the forms of transnational caregiving; the relationships with local communities, and the networks migrants rely on, in the context of settlement; the personal experiences of transnational motherhood and the future life expectations. Besides making sense of the differences in transnational parenthood stemming from national origins, and from the structuration of migration systems, the paper copes with a key question: to what extent, and under which conditions, can rela-tionships of "proximity at distance" be fungible with those drawing on physical proximity? What is lost and what is retained in the bond between dear ones - in terms of exchanging information, affections and material resources - once it cannot rely on physical co-presence?Keywords Female migration - Migrant mothers - Transnational caregiving - Transnational family life - Care work.
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Paveglio, Travis B., Matthew S. Carroll, and Pamela J. Jakes. "Adoption and perceptions of shelter-in-place in California's Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District." International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, no. 6 (2010): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09034.
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The increasing impact of wildland fire on human settlements in the USA, and a growing recognition that evacuation might not always to the safest option for those in the path of the flames, continue to spur consideration of alternatives to evacuation among the American public and its fire professionals. Alternatives to evacuation typically include the option for residents to remain in fire-hardened structures while the flames pass; however, it appears there is no clear consensus on whether existing Australian alternatives or new variations should be used in American communities, and if any option will reduce risks to residents and firefighters. This study uses structuration theory to analyse adoption of the shelter-in-place policy created by the Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District in southern California. We interviewed professionals working in and around the District and the public affected by the policy. Results suggest that professional support and implementation of shelter-in-place are influenced by the breadth of their personal firefighting experience, their agencies’ flexibility and constraints on innovation, and perceived potential liability for damage from adoption of alternatives. Resident knowledge and understanding of shelter-in-place are also lacking. We conclude with recommendations for continued development of alternatives to evacuation.
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Lhoste, Evelyne Françoise, and Loup Sardin. "Unveiling Research Intermediations in Citizen Science." Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/cstp.626.
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Drawing on the conceptual framework of intermediations in grassroots innovation for sustainability, this paper presents the first in-depth analysis of the role of third sector organizations in citizen science. The empirical data are derived from 31 case studies of associations (representing 80% of third sector organizations in France). We identify two clusters of associations (social innovation and natural sciences) based on research domain. They differ in epistemic cultures, but they both value experiential and actionable knowledge. We present an analytical framework to characterize the role of these associations in citizen science. Derived from systemic intermediations for transitions, this framework is based on the association’s position in networks, infrastructures, and projects. Our results reveal four categories, three of which are intermediations that depend on the organization’s position in the network, the degree of structuration of its partnerships with academics, and the goals and achievements of the projects in which it is involved. Associations do not only articulate different knowledge in projects, they also contribute to organizational learning in networks. In addition, associations perform the boundary work required to build hybrid infrastructures with institutions. A fourth category unveils the complexity of structuring hybrid epistemic communities for sustainability. This four-way categorization of intermediations highlights the crucial roles of associations in a systemic approach to citizen science.
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Khasri, Muhammad Rodinal Khair. "STRUKTURASI IDENTITAS UMAT BERAGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANTHONY GIDDENS." Jurnal Sosiologi Agama 15, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2021.151-08.
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Artikel ini mengkaji identitas umat beragam sebagai suatu konsep umum dalam diskursus sosiologi agama. Pengkajian tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori strukturasi Anthony Giddens. Adapun elemen utama dalam teori tersebut adalah struktur penandaan (signifikasi), struktur dominasi, dan struktur legitimasi. Ketiga elemen tersebut digunakan untuk memahami proses konstruksi identitas umat beragama, mulai dari pelibatan wacana, istilah, dan konfigurasi bahasa sebagai langkah mengartikulasikan pemahaman tentang realitas sosial. Pemahaman itu kemudian merigidkan simbol-simbol keagamaan yang menjadi penanda identitas kolektif. Tahapan berikutnya yaitu tahap pembakuan identitas kolektif sebagai identitas umat beragama yang dilegitimasi oleh kuasa-kuasa yang melekat pada pelaku (agency) sehingga menjadikan identitas umat beragama menjadi baku. Ketiga struktur itu saling terhubung dalam dualitas yang meneguhkan bahwa struktur bersifat mengakomodir (enabling) bukan pengekangan (constraining), di mana menjadikan tindakan sosial menjadi mungkin.This article examines the identity of various people as a general concept in the discourse of the sociology of religion. The assessment was carried out using the Anthony Giddens structuration approach. The main elements in this theory are the structure of signification, the structure of domination, and the structure of legitimacy. These three elements are used to understand the process of constructing the identity of religious communities, starting from the involvement of discourse, terms, and language as a step to articulate an understanding of social reality. That understanding then trifles the religious symbols that become collective identities. The next stage is the stage of standardizing collective identity as the identity of religious communities which is legitimized by the power attached to the actor (agency) so that the identity of the religious community becomes standardized. The three structures are interconnected in a duality that affirms that the structure is accommodating (enabling) not constraining, where social action becomes possible.
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Saputra, Hendra Puji, Muktasam Muktasam, and Dwi Setiawan Chaniago. "Studi Pemanfaatan Dana Desa di Desa Jenggala Kecamatan Tanjung Kabupaten Lombok Utara." RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual 1, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/resiprokal.v1i2.19.
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This study discussed the use of village funds before and after the 2018 earthquake inJenggala Village. The purpose of this study focused on knowing aspects of planning,implementing and evaluating village funds in Jenggala Village, Tanjung Subdistrict, NorthLombok Regency. This study uses the structuration theory of Anthony Giddens whichexplains the concepts of agents and structures, as well as the relationship of structures toagents' social practices. This type of research is qualitative research with a case studyapproach. Data collection uses interviews, observation, and collecting variousdocumentation. The results showed that during the planning, implementation and evaluationof village funds in Jenggala Village, agents and structures had changed before and after theearthquake. The pattern of utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village prior to theearthquake was more focused on the field of physical development at 80.76 percent and forthe empowerment of village communities it was allocated 19.24 percent. However, after theearthquake the pattern of utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village experienced a shiftand changes in priority programs. The physical development program after the earthquakewas only allocated 37.72 percent and focused more on aspects of empowering ruralcommunities which reached 62.28 percent. The lack of community participation, the limitedbudget of village funds and the delay in the issuance of Regents Regulations after theearthquake have become obstacles in the utilisation of village funds in Jenggala Village.
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Britain, David. "Dialect contact and phonological reallocation: “Canadian Raising” in the English Fens." Language in Society 26, no. 1 (March 1997): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019394.
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ABSTRACTThis article reports on research carried out in the Fens in Eastern England, a region noted in the dialectological literature as the site of a number of important phonological transitions, most notably [] and [a – a:], which separate northern and southern varieties of British English. Recordings of 81 speakers from across the Fens were analyzed for the use of (ai), a particularly salient local variable. A “Canadian Raising” type of allophonic variation was found in the central Fenland: speakers in this area used raised onsets of (ai) before voiceless consonants but open onsets before voiced consonants, morpheme boundaries, and //. The article weighs a number of possible explanations for the emergence of this variation in the Fens. Based on compelling evidence from the demographic history of the area, it supports a view that such an allophonic distribution, previously thought not to be found in Britain, emerged as the result of dialect contact. The sociolinguistic process of koinéization that is commonly associated with post-contact speech communities (Trudgill 1986) is held responsible for the focusing of this allophonic variation from the input dialects of an initially mixed variety. The article concludes by suggesting a socially based explanatory model to account for the way that speakers implement processes of focusing and koinéization in areas of dialect contact. [English, dialects, contact, koiné, geographical linguistics, social networks, structuration theory)
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Asih P. Fitri, Khaeratun Hisan, Zulhaj Febrianti, Rohmayani Jalisna, and Feby A. Wulan. "Peran Media Sosial Dalam Mempromosikan Ekonomi Kreatif Berbasis Tenun Di Desa Sukarara, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah." Jurnal Transformasi Bisnis Digital 1, no. 4 (July 1, 2024): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/jutrabidi.v1i4.216.
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Sukarara Village, Central Lombok Regency. Sukarara Village is known for its production of traditional woven fabrics that have high cultural and economic value. However, the main challenges faced are limited market access and low interest of the younger generation to preserve weaving skills. In this context, social media offers an effective solution to expand the promotional reach of woven products. Through platforms such as TikTok and Facebook, weaving artisans can showcase their products visually and interactively to a global audience. This research uses a qualitative approach with a netnography method to understand the interactions and digital marketing strategies used by local communities. The data sources studied were weaving craftsmen and weaving resellers. Data were collected through interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and conclusions. The instruments used were interview guidelines, observation guidelines, and documentation. Data validity was carried out by triangulating data, sources and techniques. The results showed that social media not only increased the visibility and sales of woven products but also helped in preserving local cultural heritage. TikTok, with its short video and live streaming features, proved particularly effective in attracting consumer attention and facilitating direct interaction. This research also reveals how local agents can modify and enrich social and economic structures through the use of social media, in line with Giddens' theory of structuration. For long-term sustainability, additional strategies to attract the younger generation and diversification of promotional platforms are required.
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Béguinot, Jean. "The Full Hierarchical Structuration of Species Abundances Reliably Inferred from the Numerical Extrapolation of Still Partial Samplings: A Case Study with Marine Snail Communities in Mannar Gulf (India)." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 7, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2018/43918.
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Fischer, Valentin, Robert Weis, and Ben Thuy. "Refining the marine reptile turnover at the Early–Middle Jurassic transition." PeerJ 9 (February 22, 2021): e10647. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10647.
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Even though a handful of long-lived reptilian clades dominated Mesozoic marine ecosystems, several biotic turnovers drastically changed the taxonomic composition of these communities. A seemingly slow paced, within-geological period turnover took place across the Early–Middle Jurassic transition. This turnover saw the demise of early neoichthyosaurians, rhomaleosaurid plesiosaurians and early plesiosauroids in favour of ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurians and cryptoclidid and pliosaurid plesiosaurians, clades that will dominate the Late Jurassic and, for two of them, the entire Early Cretaceous as well. The fossil record of this turnover is however extremely poor and this change of dominance appears to be spread across the entire middle Toarcian–Bathonian interval. We describe a series of ichthyosaurian and plesiosaurian specimens from successive geological formations in Luxembourg and Belgium that detail the evolution of marine reptile assemblages across the Early–Middle Jurassic transition within a single area, the Belgo–Luxembourgian sub-basin. These fossils reveal the continuing dominance of large rhomaleosaurid plesiosaurians, microcleidid plesiosaurians and Temnodontosaurus-like ichthyosaurians up to the latest Toarcian, indicating that the structuration of the upper tier of Western Europe marine ecosystems remained essentially constant up to the very end of the Early Jurassic. These fossils also suddenly record ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurians and cryptoclidid plesiosaurians by the early Bajocian. These results from a geographically-restricted area provide a clearer picture of the shape of the marine reptile turnover occurring at the early–Middle Jurassic transition. This event appears restricted to the sole Aalenian stage, reducing the uncertainty of its duration, at least for ichthyosaurians and plesiosaurians, to 4 instead of 14 million years.
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Gordon, Katy, Juliette Wilson, Andrea Tonner, and Eleanor Shaw. "How can social enterprises impact health and well-being?" International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-01-2017-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of social enterprise on individual and community health and well-being. It focusses on community food initiatives, their impact on the social determinants of health and the influence of structure on their outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Using an interpretive qualitative approach through case studies focussed on two community food social enterprises, the research team conducted observations, interviews and ad hoc conversations. Findings Researchers found that social enterprises impacted all layers of the social determinants of health model but that there was greater impact on individual lifestyle factors and social and community networks. Impact at the higher socio-economic, cultural and environmental layer was more constrained. There was also evidence of the structural factors both enabling and constraining impact at all levels. Practical implications This study helps to facilitate understanding on the role of social enterprises as a key way for individuals and communities to work together to build their capabilities and resilience when facing health inequalities. Building upon previous work, it provides insight into the practices, limitations and challenges of those engaged in encouraging and supporting behavioural changes. Originality/value The paper contributes to a deeper insight of the use, motivation and understanding of social enterprise as an operating model by community food initiatives. It provides evidence of the impact of such social enterprises on the social determinants of health and uses structuration theory (Giddens, 1984) to explore how structure both influences and constrains the impact of these enterprises.
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Siganporia, Harmony. "Seeking Dhasa; Finding Lhasa: Liminality and Narrative in the Tibetan Refugee Capital of Dharamsala." Culture Unbound 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2016): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.168162.
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This article explores the role of narrative and narrativity in stabilising identity in an exile setting, read here as a way to avert what Bjørn Thomassen calls the ‘danger’ inherent to liminality. It does this by analysing the shape and visualscape of the little Himalayan town of Dharamsala, which serves as the secular and religious ‘capital’ of Tibetan exile. It attempts to decode the narratives which allow ‘Dhasa’, as Dharamsala is colloquially known, to cohere and correspond to its metonymically aspirational other – Lhasa, the capital of old Tibet. There can be read in this act of assonant naming the beginnings of a narrative geared towards generating nostalgia for a lost homeland, alluding to the possibility of its reclamation and restitution in exile. This article explores how this narrative is evidence of the fact that it is in indeterminacy; in liminality in other words, that the ‘structuration’ that Thomassen proposes, becomes possible at all. Even as it alludes to the impossibility of transplanting cultures whole, the article also examines closely the Foucauldian notion of ‘trace residue’ inherent to ruptures in prior epistemes, treating this idea as central to creating new-‘old’ orientations for this refugee community in exile. Following Thomassen and Szakolczai, liminality is here treated as a concept applicable to time as well as place; individuals as well as communities, and social ‘events’ or changes of immense magnitude. It is this notion of liminality that the article proposes has to be a central concept in any exploration of exile groups which have to live in the spaces between the shorn identity markers of the past – rooted as these must be in a lost homeland – and the present, where they must be iterated or man-ufactured anew.
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Nkrumah, Matt. "The Impact of 5G Technology on Communication Infrastructure." Journal of Communication 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jcomm.1655.
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Purpose: The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of 5G technology on communication infrastructure.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impact of 5G technology on communication infrastructure. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the significance of equitable access to 5G technology. As demonstrated, the adoption and impact of 5G can vary widely depending on factors such as geographic location, socioeconomic status, and cultural diversity. Bridging the digital divide and ensuring that underserved communities have access to advanced communication infrastructure remains a critical challenge. Policymakers, telecommunication companies, and community leaders must work collaboratively to address these disparities and ensure that the benefits of 5G are inclusive and accessible to all.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Diffusion of Innovations theory, Resource Dependency theory and the Structuration theory may be used to anchor future studies on 5G technology. The study emphasized the need for equitable expansion of 5G network coverage, particularly in underserved rural areas. Second, it calls for robust network security measures and data privacy regulations to safeguard user information. Third, the study promotes innovation and public-private partnerships to harness the full potential of 5G technology. Fourth, it highlights the importance of integrating 5G capabilities into disaster preparedness and response plans to enhance communication infrastructure resilience. Finally, the study stresses environmental sustainability by advocating for energy-efficient network components and eco-friendly deployment practices.
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Napari Elisée, YEO, SORO Kafana, and KOFFI N’Guessan Maurice. "L’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage des avantages tirés de l’exploitation de ces ressources : Quelles applications à l’espace Taï en Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 147 (March 31, 2019): 15159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.v147.9.
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La Convention sur la diversité biologique est un traité international adopté le 5 juin 1992 lors de la Conférence des Nations Unies pour l’environnement et le Développement (CNUED) tenue à Rio de Janeiro au brésil (sommet de la Terre de Rio de Janeiro) et est entrée en vigueur le 29 décembre 1993 après sa ratification par 168 pays. Elle constitue une réponse mondiale apportée à la préservation des ressources génétiques, des espèces et des écosystèmes aussi bien pour leur valeur intrinsèque que pour l’importance économique qu’ils incarnent pour les générations présentes et futures. La Côte d’ivoire qui a adhéré à ladite convention en 1994, envisage avec cet instrument, assurer la préservation de son capital de biodiversité mais également réguler l’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage des avantages tirés de l’exploitation qui en résulte. Objectif : La présente étude vise à contribuer à la discussion sur le cadre national d’accès et de partage des avantages des ressources génétiques relatives aux activités commerciales et de recherche, dans la perspective de l’élaboration d’un cadre juridique national. Méthodologie et résultats : Pour réaliser cette étude, outre la recherche documentaire, une enquête de terrain a été conduite à l’aide d’un guide d’entretien pour le recueil de données quantitatives et qualitatives auprès des différentes parties prenantes. Les résultats suivants ont été obtenus : (i) Insuffisance d’information des parties prenantes sur l’APA, (ii) Existence d’échanges de ressources tant biologiques que génétiques dans un environnement inorganisé ; (iii) Absence de mécanisme régissant l’accès et l’utilisation des ressources génétiques à des fins commerciales et scientifiques, (iv) Méconnaissance des droits de propriété ; (v) Absence de structuration des communautés pour la défense de leurs intérêts. Conclusion et application des résultats : Cette étude a investigué sur la faisabilité de la mise en œuvre d’une réglementation nationale sur l’APA. Elle a permis de constater à l’échelle locale l’existence d’échange de ressources tant biologique que génétique dans un environnement inorganisé. Une réglementation au niveau national sur l’accès aux ressources génétiques et de partage des avantages, est à envisager dans le but de conserver la biodiversité, de maintenir une source majeure d’approvisionnement en ressources génétiques, d’organiser tout le processus d’APA et d’accroître les revenus des populations et de l’Etat. Dans ce cadre, les actions suivantes devraient mises en œuvre : (i) sensibiliser les acteurs sur Yeo et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 L’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage des avantages tirés de l’exploitation de ces ressources : Quelles applications à l’espace Taï en Côte d’Ivoire 15160 l’APA; (ii)appuyer à la structuration des communautés locales ; (iii) mettre en place la réglementation sur l’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage des avantages est recommandée pour consolider la conservation durable de la diversité biologique. Mots clés : Convention sur la diversité biologique, accès, avantages, Taï, Côte d’Ivoire. ABSTRACT The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty adopted on June 5, 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil (Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro) and entered into force on December 29, 1993 after being ratified by 168 countries. It is a global response to the preservation of genetic resources, species and ecosystems both for their intrinsic value and for the economic importance they embody for present and future generations. The Ivory Coast, which acceded to the said convention in 1994, plans with this instrument to ensure the preservation of its biodiversity capital but also to regulate access to genetic resources and the sharing of the benefits derived from the resulting exploitation. Objective: This study aims to contribute to the discussion on the national framework for access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources relating to commercial and research activities, with a view to the development of a national legal framework. Methodology and results: To carry out this study, in addition to the documentary research, a field survey was conducted using an interview guide for the collection of quantitative and qualitative data from the various stakeholders. The following results have been obtained: (i) Insufficient information of stakeholders on ABS, (ii) Existence of exchanges of both biological and genetic resources in an unorganized environment; (iii) Lack of mechanism governing access and use of genetic resources for commercial and scientific purposes, (iv) Lack of knowledge of property rights; (v) Lack of structuring of communities to defend their interests. Conclusion and application of results: This study investigated the feasibility of implementing national ABS regulation. It made it possible to note at the local level the existence of exchange of resources both biological and genetic in an unorganized environment. Regulation at national level on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing is to be envisaged in order to conserve biodiversity, maintain a major source of supply in genetic resources, organize the whole ABS process and to increase the income of the populations and the State. In this context, the following actions should be implemented: (i) sensitize the actors on ABS; (ii) support the structuring of local communities; (iii) putting in place regulations on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing is recommended to consolidate the sustainable conservation of biological diversity. Keywords : Convention on Biological Diversity, access, advantages, Taï, Côte d'Ivoire
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Joko Mulyono, Lukman Wijaya Baratha, Elly Suhartini, and Jati Arifiyanti. "Akuntabilitas Pengelolaan Penanggulangan Bencana di Kabupaten Jember." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v2i1.604.
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AbstractThe research entitled "Accountability for Disaster Management in Jember Regency", based on the high disaster risk index in Jember Regency. In 2013 there was a risk index of 229 and increased in 2016 to 255 (BNPB: 2016). In regular civillian, there are also minimal informations about risky and dangerous disaster. Disaster-managing in Jember is a reflection of the existence of local governments and social groups in their efforts to define their roles in their respective capacities. Along with the increasing strong role of social groups in articulating disaster-managing in Jember, the regional government seems to be taking a slow step to be able to keep up with the efforts of these social groups. The question is, how is the accountability of disaster risk reduction in Jember?, how are the strategies that weaken disaster-managing accountability? The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze disastermanaging accountability and its strategy. The theoretical review used is "public organization accountability" Elwood (1993) and strengthened by the theory of "structuration" of Giddens (2011). The research approach that the researcher used is qualitative, while the data collection technique is through participant observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and interviews followed by qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this study that disaster-managing is carried out through structural and cultural way. Structural forms are understood as organizational principles such as accountability. Disaster management accountability includes regulatory dimensions, processes, programs and policies. The principle of accountability in disaster management in Jember Regency is relatively inadequate. The cultural path is a strategy adopted by BPBD with other disaster management communities in disaster risk reduction activities. Cultural practices in disaster-maganing are more visible in agency expertise. The causes of the lack of optimal disaster-managing accountability is inadequate disaster management input and output factors.
Penelitian ini berlatar belakang dari tingginya indeks risiko bencana di Kabupaten Jember. Pada tahun 2013 terdapat indeks risikosebanyak 229 dan mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2016 menjadi 255 (BNPB: 2016). Sementara di tingkat masyarakat masih minim informasi mengenai bahaya dan risiko bencana. Pengelolaan bencana di Kabupaten Jember adalah refleksi tentang keberadaan pemerintah daerah dan kelompok sosial dalam upayanya mendefinisikan peran mereka sesuai kapasitasnya. Akan tetapi seiring dengan semakin menguatnya peran kelompok sosial dalam mengartikulasikan pengelolaan bencana di Jember, pemerintah daerah seakan mengambil langkah yang cukup lambat untuk dapat mengimbangi upaya kelompok sosial tersebut. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana akuntabilitas pengurangan risiko bencana di Kabupaten Jember?, bagaimana strategi dan faktor apa saja yang memperlemah akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana serta strateginya. Tinjauan teori yang digunakan adalah “akuntabilitas organisasi publik” Elwood (1993) dan diperkuat dengan teori “strukturasi” Giddens (2011). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, sedangkan teknik pengambilan data melalui observasi partisipan, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan wawancara serta teknik analisa data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa penanggulangan bencana dilaksanakan melalui jalan struktural dan kultural. Bentuk struktural dipahami sebagai bentuk-bentuk prinsip organisasi seperti akuntabilitas. Akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana meliputi dimensi regulasi, proses, program, dan kebijakan. Prinsip akuntabilitas dalam penanggulangan bencana di Kabupaten Jember relatif kurang memadai. Jalan kultural sebagai strategi yang ditempuh BPBD bersama komunitas penanggulangan bencana lainnya dalam kegiatan pengurangan risiko bencana. Kultural dalam praktek penanggulangan bencana lebih nampak pada kepiawaian agensi. Penyebab kurang optimalnya akuntabilitas penanggulangan bencana adalah faktor input dan output penanggulangan bencana yang kurang memadai.
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Ghosh, Bishnupriya, and Bhaskar Sarkar. "DIASPORA AND POSTMODERN FECUNDITY." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 16, no. 1 (November 3, 2022): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v16i1.1897.
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Central to the experience of postmodernity is the increase in, and the intensification of, transnational encounters. The globalization of capital, culture, work-forces, and identities leads to patterns of homogenization whose totalizing tendency is undercut by intense fragmentation and the local play of differences. Thus Coca-Cola and IBM feel the need to acknowledge the heterogenity of the world market, even as they capture it. The increased productivity in economic and cultural terms marks the postmodem as remarkably fecund. This perception of fecundity comes from the various, and often opposing, groups on the pOlitical continuum.1 The 'triumph' of transnational capital in Asia and the entry of Eastern Europe into the capitalist fold have created unprecedented economic and financial flows. Simultaneously, the antifoundational dismantling of epistemological hierarchies release long-repressed energies that create new flows and open up fresh possibilities. These new flows and structurations require cognitive refigurations, as older modes of knowing the world have become inadequate. The nation is one social and cul-tural formation that has come to be rigorously Interrogated in the light of the global-local· dynamisms. A rise in the volume of migrations and the increasing visibility of varied diasporas - communities that transcend the geopolitical boundaries of the nation-state - demand a new sense of national belonging: national heritage, essence, tradition etc. have lost their immanent valences. For instance, Chow (1993) stresses the need to "unlearn Chinese ness" in order to foster Chinese diasporic identity. Our object of study is the Indian diaspora as it redefines the Indian nation. We look at specific political controversies among immigrant/expatriate Indians about what it means to be properly Indian. We trace the Indian diaspora's relation to 'home' and 'host' nations in cinematic representations originating both in and outside of India. As diasporic cultural productions are celebrated as part and parcel of the glob~1 postmodernism, we use this occasion to take a hard look at the promises of postmodern fecundity.
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Béguinot, Jean. "Many More Consumers Not Always Induce Stronger Competition: Weaker Interspecific Competition Despite Higher Species Richness in Secondary Feeding Guild, as Compared to Primary." Annual Research & Review in Biology, August 13, 2021, 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i830413.
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The species functional structuration (specifically in terms of species richness and average intensity of interspecific competition) is widely varying among species communities and this point is now very well documented in literature. But, what about the species functional structuration within the different feeding guilds that coexist in a same local community – in particular the primary and the secondary feeding guilds? Are there significant differences – or not – between them in this respect? This rather fundamental issue does not seem having been addressed yet, at least using appropriate investigative tools. However, a series of recently published case studies, precisely implementing such an adequate investigative approach, now deserves full consideration in this regard and makes the subject of the present review. Substantially, it results from this preliminary survey of the question that marked differences in the patterns of species functional structuration clearly singularize the secondary from the primary feeding guilds, within a same local community. More precisely, a consistent trend seems to arise, highlighting both: (i) a markedly greater species richness and, yet somewhat unexpectedly, (ii) a significantly reduced intensity in interspecific competition within secondary feeding guild as compared to primary. The point is discussed and interpreted as being the consequence of the fact that secondary feeders (typically carnivores) have obviously evolve quite more diversified feeding behaviors than did the primary feeders (typically herbivores).
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Béguinot, Jean. "Influence of Coral Architecture on Species Richness and the Hierarchical Structuration of Species Abundances in Reef Fish Communities: A Case Study in the Eastern Tropical Pacific." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, February 28, 2019, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2018/v8i330075.
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The role of coral reef architecture on species richness and the internal structuration of the associated fish communities has already been addressed several times. The reported results, however, usually remain controversial, possibly because they are based upon incomplete field data issued from partial inventories. Indeed, incomplete samplings are almost unavoidable in practice with such species-rich communities having very uneven distribution of abundances. In this context, the numerical extrapolation of incompletely sampled communities may serve as a reliable surrogate. Accordingly, numerical extrapolations were implemented, here, to compare two fish-communities respectively associated to coral reefs that sharply differ from each-other by their topographic architectures. Both a higher total species richness and a sharper unevenness of species abundances were found to characterize the fish community associated to the more tormented reef habitat exhibiting the more complex architecture. Yet, paradoxically, the true intensity of the underlying process of hierarchical structuring of abundances proves being insensitive to the architecture of coral habitats. This apparent opposition between the unevenness pattern and the underlying structuring process results, in fact, from the additional negative dependence of abundance unevenness upon species richness.
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Das, Amiya Kumar, Soumen Ray, and Ahana Choudhury. "Conflict and communication in everyday life: An exploration of intercommunity conflict in Assam, India." Conflict Resolution Quarterly, July 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crq.21441.
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AbstractEthnic conflicts have proved to be inherently dangerous and repressive across the globe. While this signification cannot be negated, a deeper articulation of liminal existences in the conflict‐prone areas requires more attention. Using case studies with a qualitative research design, the paper emphasizes on conflict as a social force, facilitating the (re)structuration of communities entangled within it. The paper explores the mundane lived experiences of the Adivasis and the Bodos, two of the ethnic communities living in Assam, a Northeastern state of India, by making a few claims. First, ethnic conflicts reorient social relations, intercommunity interactions and economic exchanges between the Adivasis and Bodos. Second, ethnic conflicts recourse varied negotiations and emotions in their being(ness), aspirational values, and embodied meanings in mundane life‐processes. The complex realization of identities for the Adivasis and the Bodos is fostered by the exposure of fear, past loss of life, and the varied interactions between victims and perpetrators in everyday social life.
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Rychwalska, Agnieszka, Magdalena Roszczyńska-Kurasińska, Karolina Ziembowicz, and Jeremy V. Pitt. "Fitness for Purpose in Online Communities: Community Complexity Framework for Diagnosis and Design of Socio-Technical Systems." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739415.
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Recent discourse on Information and Communication Technologies’ (ICT) impact on societies has been dominated by negative side-effects of information exchange in huge online social systems. Yet, the size of ICT-based communities also provides an unprecedented opportunity for collective action, as exemplified through crowdfunding, crowdsourcing, or peer production. This paper aims to provide a framework for understanding what makes online collectives succeed or fail in achieving complex goals. The paper combines social and complexity sciences’ insights on structures, mechanics, and emergent phenomena in social systems to define a Community Complexity Framework for evaluating three crucial components of complexity: multi-level structuration, procedural self-organization, and common identity. The potential value of such a framework would be to shift the focus of efforts aimed at curing the malfunctions of online social systems away from the design of algorithms that can automatically solve such problems, and toward the development of technologies which enable online social systems to self-organize in a more productive and sustainable way.
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Jonsson, Josefina, and Johan Gaddefors. "How online communities are important for rural entrepreneurial change – the library revolt." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, June 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-01-2022-0016.
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Purpose This study aims to discuss how an online community interacts with a local community during the entrepreneurial process. By having a contextualized view of entrepreneurship, this study acknowledges the social and spatial dynamics of the process. Design/methodology/approach The inductive approach used in this study is empirically anchored in the case “the library revolt”. This paper analysed interviews conducted in a selected region in Sweden and followed a netnographic method to capture the social interactions online. By using qualitative modes of inquiry, this study attempts to illuminate the social aspects of the entrepreneurial process. Findings This study shows how social media works as a contextual element in entrepreneurship. By presenting interactions between an online community and a rural community, it is shown how entrepreneurial processes in rural areas can be shaped not only through local community relations but also by online interaction. It illustrates how an online context, where actors are located with their own unique set of resources, contributes to rural development. By being a part of an ongoing process of structuration, we can view the actors are gaining access to the resources online, which contributes to the change happening in a local community. Originality/value This study adds to the conversation of the role of context in entrepreneurship studies. Rural entrepreneurship largely discusses the local social bonds and actions, while this study includes the online social bonds as a part of the reality in which entrepreneurship is developed.
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Béguinot, Jean. "Influence of Coral-reef Complexity on Species Richness and the Hierarchical Structuration of Species Abundances in Reef fish Communities: A Case Study in South-east Brazil." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, June 19, 2019, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2019/v9i330098.
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Growing complexity of coral habitat is expected to increase resource partitioning among co-occurring reef fish and, thereby, reduce to some extent the mean competitive intensity. This will have associated consequences on the internal structuring of species in reef fish communities, in particular regarding species richness and evenness of species abundances. Accumulating dedicated case studies are necessary, however, to get further empirical confirmations. The present analysis aims to contribute in this respect, comparing reef fish communities associated to two coral-reef settings that markedly differ in their degree of morphological complexity, at Itaipu Sound, Brazil. As the available samplings of these communities remained incomplete, numerical extrapolations were implemented, thereby providing least-bias estimates for both total species richness and the exhaustive distribution of species abundances in both compared reef fish communities. As expected, total species richness increases with greater degree of coral habitat complexity, while the unevenness of species abundances decreases. This decrease in abundance unevenness – reflecting the corresponding relaxation of the mean level of competitive intensity – is partly due to the direct, negative influence of species richness on abundance unevenness, as an overall trend. Beyond that, however, the relaxation is further strengthened by an additional “genuine” contribution – this time independent from the variation in species richness – and, as such, directly and idiosyncratically attached to the improvement in habitat complexity.
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Gueye, Bassirou, Olivier Flauzac, Cyril Rabat, and Ibrahima Niang. "Self-adaptive structuring for P2P-based large-scale Grid environment." Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 25 - 2016 - Special... (December 13, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.2574.
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In this paper, we propose an extension and experimental evaluation of our self-adaptive structuring solution in an large-scale P2P Grid environment. The proposed specification, enables both services deployment, location and invocation of while respecting the P2P networks paradigm. Moreover, the specification is generic i.e. not linked to a particular P2P architecture. The increasing size of resources and users in large-scale distributed systems has lead to a scalability problem. To ensure the scalability, we propose to organize the P2P grid nodes in virtual communities. A particular node called ISP (Information System Proxy) acts as service directory within each cluster. On the other hand, resource discovery is one of the essential challenges in large-scale Grid environment. In this sense, we propose to build a spanning tree which will be constituted by the set of formed ISPs in order to allow an efficient service lookup in the system. An experimental validation, through simulation, shows that our approach ensures a high scalability in terms of clusters distribution and communication cost. Dans cet article, nous proposons une extension et une implémentation de notre solution de structuration auto-adaptative dans un environnement de grilles P2P à large échelle. La spécification que nous avons proposée permet aussi bien le déploiement, la recherche et l’invocation de services tout en respectant le paradigme des réseaux P2P. De plus, elle est générique, c’est-à-dire applicable sur toute architecture pair-à-pair. Pour garantir cette propriété, étant donné que les systèmes distribués à large échelle ont tendance à évoluer en termes de ressources, d’entités et d’utilisateurs, nous proposons de structurer l’environnement de grille pair-à-pair en communautés virtuelles. Au sein de chaque communauté un noeud appelé PSI (Proxys Système d’Information) joue le rôle de registre de services. Afin de permettre une recherche efficace dans le système, un arbre couvrant constitué uniquement des PSI est maintenu. Les résultats de simulations ont montrés que notre solution garantitun passage à l’échelle en termes de dimensionnement du réseau et aussi de coût de recherches.
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Steiner, Artur, Sarah Jack, Jane Farmer, and Izabella Steinerowska-Streb. "Are They Really a New Species? Exploring the Emergence of Social Entrepreneurs Through Giddens’s Structuration Theory." Business & Society, November 28, 2021, 000765032110530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00076503211053014.
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Using Giddens’s structuration theory and empirical data from a study with social enterprise stakeholders, the article explores how social entrepreneurs and the structure co-create one another. We show that the development of the contemporary significance of social entrepreneurialism lies in a combination of complex context-specific structural forces and the activities of agents who initiate, demand, and impose change. Social entrepreneurs intentionally tackle social challenges, but their actions bring unintentional results, such as the transfer of state responsibilities onto communities. Direct outputs of their activities introduce indirect outcomes, bringing wider changes in culture and policy. The evolving nature of entrepreneurship and a number of factors that interplay in time and space, and enable and constrain social entrepreneurs, confirm the applicability of Giddens’s theory in the field of social entrepreneurship. The originality of this article derives from revealing mechanisms that enable social entrepreneurs to emerge and reasons for structural change. We also build a “co-creation model of structure and agency” that can be used to “engineer” the process of social entrepreneurship.