Dissertations / Theses: 'Communities of coping'

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Costard, Jano. "Coping with Change in Markets, the Workplace and Communities." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18174.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert Wandel in Märkten, am Arbeitsplatz und in Gemeinschaften. Es wird gezeigt, dass Firmen, die bisher erfolgreich und technisch überlegen waren, scheitern können, wenn neue Märkte entstehen. Dabei wird das Paradox aufgelöst, dass Firmen auch scheitern können, wenn die technische Überlegenheit ebenfalls auf die neuen Märkte zutrifft. Auf Basis eines erweiterten Modells aus dem Bereich der Industrieökonomik werden ein cannibalization effect und organizational diseconomies of scope als mögliche Gründe für ein Scheitern identifiziert. Fallstudien zu den Unternehmen Kodak, Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer und Digital Equipment Corporation legen den Schluss nahe, dass für alle drei Unternehmen organizational diseconomies of scope ausschlaggebend für ihr Scheitern waren. In einem Experiment wird gezeigt, wie Teilnehmer auf eine Änderung des Lohns oder der Arbeitsanforderung reagieren. Gleichzeitig wird analysiert, wie die im Gesicht ausgedrückten Emotionen im Zusammenhang stehen mit der Änderung von Lohn oder Arbeitsanforderung sowie einer möglichen Anpassung der Arbeitsleistung. In einem weiteren Experiment wird gezeigt, dass Solidarität nicht unter allen Umständen gewährt wird. Während eine Gruppe der Teilnehmer weniger solidarisch ist mit denjenigen, die vermeidbares Risiko eingegangen sind, verhält es sich bei anderen Teilnehmern genau andersherum. Insbesondere zeigen Teilnehmer mit größerer Risikobereitschaft auch mehr Solidarität gegenüber anderen Teilnehmern, die vermeidbares Risiko eingehen, als gegenüber solchen, die Risiken vermeiden.
This text studies change in markets, the workplace and communities. I show how firms that have been successful and technologically superior can fail when new markets arise. In doing so, I resolve the paradox of firms failing in new markets in which they had a technological advantage as well. Based on a model of industry evolution, I show how firms can fail in new markets despite a technological advantage due to a cannibalization effect or organizational diseconomies of scope. Three case studies of firms Kodak, Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer and Digital Equipment Corporation suggest that for all three of them organizational diseconomies of scope were decisive in their failure. In an experiment, we show how subjects react to a change in wage or workload. At the same time, we analyze their facial expression of emotion and link these to the subjects being informed of changes in wage or workload and a potential future change in effort. In an additional experiment, we show how people differentiate when showing solidarity. In particular, people hold others responsible for factors that are within their control. Because of that, subjects can receive less solidarity if they decide to take avoidable risk. However, the opposite can be observed as well. People who took risks themselves show more solidarity towards others that took avoidable risks than towards people that actual avoided this risk.

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Nti, Frank Kyekyeku. "Climate change vulnerability and coping mechanisms among farming communities in Northern Ghana." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15116.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Andrew Barkley
This study examines the effect of extreme climatic conditions (drought, flood, and bushfires) on the livelihood of households in the Bawku West district of Ghana. The research identified the mechanisms with which households cope in such situations, and analyzed factors influencing the adoption of coping strategies for flood, coping strategies for drought, and coping strategies for bushfires. Data for the study were collected in selected villages across the district in the aftermath of the 2007/2008 extreme climatic events (a prolonged drought period followed by an erratic rainfall). A binary logit regression (BLR) model was then specified to estimate factors that influence the adoption of a given coping mechanisms. Results from the BLR model indicate that literacy level, membership with an FBO, household income, and location of households had positive and significant impacts on adaptation to drought. Similarly, source of seeds for planting, membership with an FBO, household income, and farm size had positive significant influence on adaptation to flood. Adaption to bushfire was positively influenced by radio ownership, seed source and income. The main effect of these climatic extreme events on households included destruction of crops, livestock and buildings; food and water shortage; poor yield or harvest and limited fields for livestock grazing. Therefore, government policies should be geared towards creating revenue generating channels and in strengthening institutions that provide access to farm credit, readily available improve seeds and extension. Additionally, policies that expedite information dissemination through radio and other public media will enhance households’ adaptive capacity.

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Natoli, Nancy S. ""Post-Nollan" land use planning : how communities are coping with the recent Supreme Court decision." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76413.

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Costard, Jano [Verfasser], Roland [Gutachter] Strausz, and Steffen [Gutachter] Huck. "Coping with Change in Markets, the Workplace and Communities / Jano Costard ; Gutachter: Roland Strausz, Steffen Huck." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1185174508/34.

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Solomon, Alvin Maingi. "Examining Spatial and Socioeconomic Differentiation of Drought Coping Strategies among the Border Communities of Njukini, Taveta, Kenya." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1313548851.

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Makonese, Loveness. "Coping with HIV and AIDS in marginal communities: a case study of Chivanhu Settlement in Nemanwa, Masvingo, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003744.

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This thesis seeks to understand and analyse HIV and AIDS and rural livelihoods in Zimbabwe with particular reference to an isolated and marginalised informal settlement called Chivanhu in Masvingo Province. The focus is specifically on questions around HIV susceptibility, AIDS vulnerability and household resilience. In this regard, it is important to recognise that HIV and AIDS cannot be lumped together as one medical or social condition. Rather, there is a progression from HIV infection to AIDS-related chronic illnesses to possible death, and livelihood strategies often alter along this HIV and AIDS time-line. Zimbabwe for over a decade now has gone through a series of economic and political crises which have impacted detrimentally on both urban and rural livelihoods, even for those households which are not directly affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. With the economy in free-fall, households have had to pursue a range of livelihood strategies in order to sustain themselves. These socio-economic conditions have in many ways facilitated susceptibility to HIV infection and vulnerability to AIDS. Many studies have examined this in relation to wellentrenched and stable communities in rural Zimbabwe. But the livelihood dynamics for such communities are significantly different to more unstable and informal settlements like Chivanhu, as thesis seeks to show. At the same time, the thesis offers a longitudinal study which is able to map the changes to the livelihoods of infected and affected households in Chivanhu. Though recognising the debilitating effects of the pandemic on these households, it also raises questions about the possible resilience of certain households despite great adversity. In doing so, it goes beyond the individual and household levels of analysis to consider the role of clusters (or groups of households) in responding to the impacts of HIV and AIDS. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on gender and orphanhood. In the end, the thesis offers a nuanced analysis of the everyday complexities and challenges for affected households in a marginalised and informal rural community in Zimbabwe and thereby makes a contribution to re-theorising HIV and AIDS and rural livelihoods more broadly.

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Shebi, Molemoeng. "The experiences and coping strategies of HIV/AIDS primary caregivers within two disadvantaged communities in the Western Cape metropole." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3484_1210839118.

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The Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) that leads to Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is considered to be spreading at a high rate in South Africa. Research indicates that this disease is highly prevalent among people 15 and 49. It is estimated that one in five adults in South Africa is HIV positive. Community or home-based care nurses manage the treatment of sufferers at their homes while under the care of their family members, friends, spouses and significant others. The present study explored the experiences and coping strategies of HIV/AIDS primary caregivers.

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Ewaldt, Juliane. "Individuelle coping strategies unterer Mittelschichten im urbanen Transformationsprozess : Anpassungshandlungen der Bewohner von condominios in Santiago de Chile." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6442/.

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Das rasant voranschreitende Wirtschaftswachstum Chiles in Zusammenhang mit einer sehr liberalen Wirtschafts- und Stadtentwicklungspolitik ist Ursache für eine tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche und urbane Umstrukturierung der chilenischen Hauptstadt. Die Nutznießer dieser Entwicklung sind in jüngster Zeit besonders auch Angehörige der unteren Mittelschicht, für die eigens preiswerte bewachte und umzäunte Wohnprojekte ins Leben gerufen werden. Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, diese sich neu formierende Gesellschaftsschicht genauer zu betrachten und zu untersuchen, mit welchen Anpassungshandlungen diese auf die veränderten Lebens- und Wohnbedingungen innerhalb dieser sogenannten condominios reagieren. Das Konzept condominio scheint zunächst die ideale Antwort auf zahlreiche Handlungsprobleme zu sein; das Wohnen im abgeschlossenen Wohnviertel gibt das Gefühl der Sicherheit und Kontrolle der unmittelbaren Umgebung und ist durch seine Exklusivität gleichzeitig ein willkommenes Statussymbol. Erst auf den zweiten Blick wird sichtbar, was das condominio nicht leisten kann und welche weiteren Probleme mit dem Wohnen im abgeschlossenen Viertel entstehen. Im Laufe der Analyse wurde jedoch die trotz aller Problemlagen essentielle Bedeutung des condominios für ihre Bewohner erkennbar. Die neue Wohnform der unteren Mittelschicht ist nicht nur ein Produkt der sich in ihren Potentialen, Ansprüchen und Werten verändernden Anwohner. Sie wird auch aktiv für die Konstruktion von sozialen Identitäten genutzt und ist damit also zentrales Element in der Formation und Identifikation dieser Gesellschafts-schicht.

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Stenmark, Lisa, and Andreas Rasmuson. "Jag biter ihop : En kvalitativ studie om emotionellt arbete och kundmötet i restaurangbranschen." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-156484.

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Denna uppsats behandlar serveringspersonalens upplevelse av sin yrkesroll i restaurangbranschen. Frågeställningen fokuserar på serveringspersonalens egna upplevelser av kundmötet och det tillhörande emotionella arbetet. Den innefattar även personalens egna beskrivningar av hur de hanterar den återkommande konflikten mellan uppvisad och upplevd känsla. Restaurangyrket ställer höga krav på yrkeskompetens och sociala färdigheter men innebär också situationer som personalen kan uppleva som emotionellt ansträngande. Den teoretiska bakgrunden till studien utgår ifrån Erving Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv och Arlie Hochschilds teori om emotionellt arbete. Det empiriska materialet består av data från sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med restauranganställda i Stockholm. Respondenterna beskriver hur de anpassar sitt framträdande efter vilken gäst de serverar. Anpassningen består främst av de känslor som visas utåt, exempelvis genom samtalston, gester och ansiktsuttryck. Detta sker således på en ytlig nivå, och oftast innefattas inte det som serveringspersonalen känner på riktigt i anpassningen. Resultatet tyder på att respondenterna upplever en dissonans mellan de känslor de visar utåt och de känslor som de känner inombords. Studien utforskar därför även olika strategier personalen använder i syfte att minska den emotionella dissonansen. Vissa strategier tycks vara vanligt förekommande bland respondenterna, samtidigt som andra strategier bara används av några få. Denna variation kan tänkas bero på kontextuella och personlighetsmässiga skillnader. Slutligen så tillhandahåller denna studie en bild av hur serveringspersonal i Stockholm upplever sitt arbete, hur de hanterar sin yrkesroll samt hur serveringsyrket i sig till mångt och mycket kan betraktas som emotionellt arbete. Inom den svenska kontexten så är forskning av detta slag bristfällig, och vår studie fyller därför en kunskapslucka inom området. Avslutningsvis föreslås fortsatt forskning i området av kvantitativ karaktär.

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10

Odendaal, Viona. "Describing an asset-based intervention to equip educators with HIV&AIDS coping and support competencies." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28352.

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The purpose of this study was to explore an asset-based intervention with educators in enhancing their knowledge of HIV&AIDS and their skills in supporting community members in coping with the challenges associated with HIV&AIDS. The goals of the study were firstly to explore and describe the ways in which educators are currently supporting community members infected with and affected by HIV&AIDS (more specifically in terms of coping with the learners in their classrooms and the caregivers or parents of these children). Secondly, the study focused on identifying the areas related to supporting community members in coping with the challenges associated with HIV&AIDS in which the participants (educators) felt that they needed more skills or information. Thirdly, I developed and facilitated an asset-based intervention, in the format of a workshop, with the participants (educators) to address the identified competence limitations. Fourthly, I assessed the outcome of the asset-based intervention in terms of the degree to which it fulfilled the participants’ need to be better equipped to support community members infected with and affected by HIV&AIDS. The primary working assumption with which I approached this study was that educators do possess the necessary competencies to support their communities in coping with the challenges presented by HIV&AIDS. I followed a qualitative research approach and selected a case study research design, applying some participatory action research principles, with the case being an informal settlement community situated in the Eastern Cape. Four participants were selected by means of convenience sampling to participate in face-to-face interviews, upon which four areas of support in which participants experienced a lack of sufficient competencies could be identified based on analysis. These areas related to referral of infected individuals; coping with infected learners in a classroom as well as ways in which educators might support community members on both an emotional and physical level. These four areas were addressed during an asset-based intervention with ten educators, which I facilitated during a follow-up field visit. During interviews the educators also indicated that they wanted to support their community (both learners and parents) to cope with the challenges presented by HIV&AIDS but that they felt inadequate in supporting the community, despite their efforts. After completion of the asset-based intervention, I facilitated a focus group discussion, focusing on whether or not the asset-based intervention had addressed participants’ (perceived) lack of competencies in supporting the community to cope within the context of HIV&AIDS. Two sub-themes emerged. Firstly, participating educators reported that they experienced increased levels of self-confidence in their ability to support their community in the context of HIV&AIDS, as well as a general feeling of empowerment, as a result of attending the asset-based intervention. The second sub-theme relates to the potential snowball effect of the asset-based intervention, whereby participating educators indicated that their role in the community had expanded and that they reportedly could transmit the knowledge obtained during the asset-based intervention sessions to others.
Dissertation (MEd (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Educational Psychology
MEd
unrestricted

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11

Musekiwa, Norbert. "State Failure' in provision of education and health services in Zimbabwe: Adjustments, adabtations and evolving coping stratergies of rural communities, 2000-2007." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3758.

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The study is an analysis of how two rural communities in Zimbabwe adapted and responded to the decline in health and basic education services between 2000 and 2007. From 2000, Zimbabwe faced socioeconomic and political challenges that have been characterised as the "Zimbabwean crisis". The state became unable or unwilling to provide adequate education and health services to the majority of its citizens. The study sought to determine the nature and extent of the emerging coping strategies to a decline in the state service delivery. Hirschman‟s analysis of exit, voice and loyalty influenced the theoretical framework guiding the study. The reformulated framework incorporates three types of exit, three types of voice, three types of direct action, two types of loyalty, and other alternative options such as apathy and spiritualism. The methodological framework entailed a case study approach of two rural communities in Zimbabwe. The study purposely selected Maotsa and Shumba communities because of their individuality and diversity in terms of geography, socioeconomic conditions and the range of health and education services provided. Data gathering involved conducting semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions in the two communities between July 2007 and June 2008. The study employed the membership categorization device to analyse data from the interviews. The responses were also post coded and analysed with Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 16. The statistical analysis complemented the qualitative analysis. The study established that communities and individuals responded to the decline of public services through a multiple of strategies. The prominent responses included exit, voice, direct action and a sense of hopelessness and apathy all occurring in multiple variants. In the face of declining public services, the communities responded by going beyond the exercise of voice in the original Hirschman formation of complaining and protesting to collectively cooperating or individually acting to provide the public goods in place of those previously provided by the state. Unlike traditional voice in which consumers seek corrective action by others, Shumba and Maotsa community restored the public services through voluntary local contributions of labour, money and materials. Arising from previous failures at cooperative effort, the Shumba community was less successful at collective action. Due to increased poverty incidence, the alternative of producing public goods locally was not enduring and the communities invariably sought to leverage external donor support. Shumba community was more successful in attracting external support for community projects.

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Taplin, Aisha Jane. "Coping strategies for social well-being and social development intervention : young women and unintended pregnancy in Mozambique." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72364/.

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Using the concept of coping strategies, this thesis is essentially concerned with the way young women in Mozambique achieve social well-being during the life event of unintended pregnancy. Unintended pregnancy in Mozambique places significant strain on informal and formal relationships, educational access, economic stability and the maintenance of good health. It also has significant implications for young women’s roles, responsibilities and status within families and communities (CEDAW 2005). Twenty one qualitative semi-structured individual interviews were completed with young women (16-19 years old) who have recently had an unintended pregnancy, as well as eight focus groups using a vignette with young women (16–21 years old) from youth associations and fourteen individual interviews with key informants (those working in the area of sexual and reproductive health with youth and adolescents). From these three forms of rich data, the relationships young women have with others, the negotiations they engage in and the coping strategies they employ are illuminated. This research contributes to an increased understanding of unintended pregnancy and the ways young women respond and ‘cope’ with this life event (as a process) largely via different forms of social interaction. The chosen methodology was designed to elicit this type of knowledge drawing on different disciplinary interpretations of coping strategies. Although unintended or early pregnancy in young women has developed as a key social development concern in recent years (Hainsworth 2002; Mahy 2002; Westoff 2003; UNFPA 2007), this research indicates that policy strategists in Mozambique struggle to develop adequate and effective intervention in response. The narratives shared by young women, and the analysis developed through chapters four to seven builds a complex picture for intervention, as family relationships remain a major factor for social and economic well-being. The socially and culturally constructed nature and predominant location within families mean that macro strategies and community level intervention has limited impact during unintended pregnancy. Strengthening relational strategies (both formal and informal) through social development intervention is therefore necessary for young women to access social and organisational resources for coping and social well-being. By using the concept of coping strategies, the juxtaposition of ‘copers’ and ‘non-copers’, the relationship between agency and structure, the strategies employed at different levels, the significance of social interaction and coping as a process has been opened up to scrutiny. This thesis not only evaluates and critiques models of social development, but also argues that the concept of coping strategies can be usefully applied to inform social development in ways that address both individual and collective wellbeing.

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Santos, Mateus Costa. "Towards understanding the impact of climate change on livelihoods, local knowledge and agriculture-based climate change coping practices of small-scale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4796.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
Climate Change (CC) is arguably the most pressing topic of our modern society. The acceleration in magnitude and frequency of climate variability associated with it, along with the overall change of climate patterns threatens to push their adaptive capacity to breaking point, hinting at the significant impact that CC will have on the livelihoods of small-scale farmers of the developing world, and on South Africa in particular. This research project aims to investigate how local knowledge and agriculture-based coping practices of small-scale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community are adapted to deal with and attempt to reduce the vulnerability of their livelihood strategies to CC. This illustrative study followed a qualitative methodology, using qualitative data collection (in-depth and semistructured interviews, as well as special focus group discussions) and analysis (thematic ordering) methods to fulfil its aim. This study revealed that local farmers were able to identify changes in climate which were hazardous to their livelihoods and that they have been developing coping practices in response the CC. Furthermore, this analysis showed that local small-scale farmers used their local body of knowledge as a basis for the development of these coping practices, and that this local knowledge base itself has been affected by CC. An important finding of this study was the extent to which local social, historic, economic, political and physical conditions influence the sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the smallscale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community. The findings of this study opened our eyes to the realities of CC and its impacts on and adaptation efforts of small-scale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community. The study show ed that unless these issues are addressed in a comprehensive and holistic manner, there is no real prospect of sustainable, long-term CC adaption solutions for the small-scale farmers of this area, and conceivably none for many more rural communities in South Africa.

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Harrison, Carmen. "The experience of stress in adolescents living in low-income communities in the Western Cape : the role of self-esteem, coping and perceived social support." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86625.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Contextual stressors that are associated with living in low-income communities have an adverse impact on the mental health of adolescents. International studies indicate that this outcome is influenced by the presence of factors that may buffer the impact of stressors, or which may increase adolescents' vulnerability to experiencing stress. The present study was aimed at exploring the factors that influence the mental health of 173 school-going adolescents residing in low-income communities in the Western Cape. By using a quantitative method with a correlational design, the research explored the relationship between depression (measured on the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition) and the following factors respectively: self-esteem (measured on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), coping strategies (measured on the Coping Strategies Indicator), perceived social support (measured on the Social Support Appraisals Scale) and resilience (measured on the Resilience Scale for Adolescents). Results of the correlational analyses indicated that high self-esteem, higher use of the problem-solving coping strategy, stronger perceived social support and higher resilience were significantly related to decreased levels of depression. In contrast, higher use of the avoidant coping strategy was significantly related to higher levels of depression. These results indicate that while some factors may buffer the impact of perceived contextual stressors on adolescents' mental health (for example, problem-solving coping, stronger perceived social support and resilience), other factors may increase adolescents' vulnerability to experiencing depression (for example, avoidant coping). These results may inform interventions focused on promoting mental health or preventing incidence of depression in adolescents living in low-income communities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kontekstuele stressors wat geassosieer word met ŉ bestaan in lae-inkomstegemeenskappe het ŉ nadelige impak op die geestesgesondheid van adolessente. Internasionale studies dui daarop dat hierdie resultaat beïnvloed word deur die teenwoordigheid van faktore wat die impak van stressors kan versag of adolessente se kwesbaarheid vir stres kan verhoog. Die huidige studie is daarop gemik om ondersoek in te stel na die faktore wat die geestesgesondheid van 173 skoolgaande adolessente, wat in lae-inkomstegemeenskappe in die Wes-Kaap woon, beïnvloed. Deur ŉ kwantitatiewe metode met ŉ korrelasionele ontwerp te gebruik, het die studie ondersoek ingestel na die verhouding tussen depressie (bepaal volgens die Beck-depressie-inventaris-Tweede uitgawe [Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition]) en die volgende faktore: selfagting (bepaal volgens die Rosenberg-selfagtingskaal [Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale]), hanteringstrategieë (bepaal volgens die hanteringstrategie-aanduider [Coping Strategies Indicator]), waarneembare sosiale ondersteuning (bepaal volgens die sosiale-ondersteuningstakseringskaal [Social Support Appraisals Scale]) en geeskragtigheid (bepaal volgens die geesteskragtigheidskaal vir adolessente [Resilience Scale for Adolescents]). Die resultate van die korrelasionele ontleding dui daarop dat hoë selfagtingsvlakke, ŉ toename in die gebruik van probleemoplossingstrategieë vir die hantering van situasies, beter waarneembare sosiale steun en hoër geeskragtigheidsvlakke ŉ beduidende verwantskap toon met ŉ afname in depressievlakke. In teenstelling hiermee was daar ŉ opvallende verband tussen vermydingsgedragstrategieë en hoër depressievlakke. Hierdie resultate dui daarop dat hoewel sommige faktore die impak van waarneembare kontekstuele stressors op die geestesgesondheid van adolessente kan versag (byvoorbeeld probleemoplossingstrategieë vir die hantering van situasies, beter waarneembare sosiale steun en geeskragtigheid), ander faktore die adolessente se kwesbaarheid vir depressie kan verhoog (byvoorbeeld vermydingsgedragstrategieë). Hierdie resultate kan moontlik ŉ bydrae lewer tot ingrypings wat gemik is op die verbetering van geestesgesondheid of op die voorkoming van die voorkoms van depressie by adolessente wat in lae-inkomstegemeenskappe leef.

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Crabb, Brooke Evangeline. "Perceptions of the transition to assisted living as a function of psychological well-being, instrumental activities of daily living, and coping: A prospective study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2439.

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This study examined the influence of three predictor variables on perceptions of assisted living: psychological well-being, functional status, and coping strategies. A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the influence of these factors on perceptions of the transition to assisted living.

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Andersson, Robin, and Julia Castlin. "Arbetslöshet, vad gör det med oss? : - Om arbetssökandes upplevelser kring arbetslöshet och hälsa." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31790.

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Sammanfattning Författare: Julia Castlin och Robin Andersson Titel: Arbetslöshet, vad gör det med oss? Handledare: Jan Karlsson Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur arbetssökande upplever att arbetslösheten påverkar deras hälsa. Studien hade även för avsikt att undersöka vilka utmaningar arbetssökande upplever och hur dessa hanteras i vardagen. Vidare studerades hur arbetssökande kan lära sig om sin hälsa under arbetslösheten utifrån egna samt andras erfarenheter. Metod: Denna studie grundas på sex stycken semi-strukturerade intervjuer med arbetssökande som varade i 30-40 minuter. De arbetssökande som deltog i studien hade varit utan arbete i minst två månader och var inskrivna eller på väg att skriva in sig på Arbetsförmedlingen. Teori: Teorierna som behandlar såväl hälso- som pedagogiska teorier är: känsla avsammanhang (KASAM), erfarenhetsbaserat lärande och praktikgemenskaper. Samtliga tre teorier har utgjort kärnan i en analysmatris som i studien legat till grund för att finna samband mellan empirin och teorierna, vilket var en hjälp för att besvara studiens syfte. Resultat: Resultaten som framkom i denna studie pekade på att arbetssökandes hälsa påverkas av tilltron till den egna förmågan att uppnå sina individuella mål. Krav och förväntningar från omgivningen verkar också påverka individernas hälsa. Resurser i form av ekonomisk trygghet och socialt stöd tycks kunna bidra till ett bättre subjektivt välmående. Den största utmaningen upplevdes av många arbetssökande vara att få en anställning. Orsakerna till den upplevda svårigheten var dock varierande och individuella hinder såsom brist på resurser, brist på erfarenhet/utbildning och konkurrens på arbetsmarknaden pekades ut. I intervjuerna framkom även att flera av intervjupersonerna hade utvecklat nya “idéer/teorier” som kan underlätta en hantering av liknande situationer i framtiden. Dessa nya idéer kan ha uppkommit både genom egna erfarenheter eller genom utbyte med andra. Slutsats: Hälsan under arbetslösheten tycks vara beroende av individens förmåga att hantera situationen som i enlighet med teorierna om erfarenhetsbaserat lärande och SE, beror på individens tidigare upplevelser och tilltro till sin egen förmåga. Sannolikheten för att få en anställning verkar således öka om individen innehar ett högt KASAM.
Abstract Author: Julia Castlin and Robin Andersson Title: The impact of unemployment - About job seekers perceptions and experiences of unemployment and health Supervisor: Jan Karlsson The aim of this study was to examine how unemployed experience their everyday life and how their health is affected by being unemployed. Another purpose of this study was toexamine which challenges the unemployed are experiencing and how they are handled. Furthermore, this study aspired to see how unemployed can learn about its health during unemployment by experiences from themselves and others. Method: This study included six semi-structured interviews with unemployed, which lasted for 30-40 minutes each. The unemployed, participating in this study had been without work for at least two months and were registered on, or in the process of registration with Arbetsförmedlingen (Employment Service, the largest agency providing jobs in Sweden). Theory: The theories that are addressing both health and pedagogy are: sense of coherence (SOC), experiential learning and communities of practice. All of these three theories have formed the core of an analyzing table, which facilitates findings of correlation between empirical data and theory, in order to enable answers regarding the purpose of this study. Results: The results that emerged from this study indicated that the health of unemployed is affected by the self-efficacy of achieving their individual goals. Expectations from the social environment also seem to be a factor to the health of the unemployed. Resources in terms of financial security and social support also showed indications of contributing to a better subjective well-being. The majority of the unemployed in this study perceived that receiving employment was the greatest challenge. However, the causes of the perceived difficulties were varying and the obstacles were individual, such as lack of resources, lack of experience/education and competition on the labor market. The interviews also revealed that several of the participants had developed new “ideas/theories” that can facilitate the management of similar situations in the future. These new ideas may have emerged either through own experience or through exchange with other people. Conclusion: The health status during unemployment seems to be dependent of the individual’s manageability of the situation, as in accordance with the theories of experiential learning and self-efficacy, depends on the individual’s previous experience and self-efficacy.Thus the likelihood of receiving employment seems to increase if the individual has a strong SOC.

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Ebnother, Danielle Dawn. "Revisiting Copano Bay, Texas: an exceptional long-term record of ecological communities and their associated death assemblages." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4181.

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Thanks to previous work conducted by Staff et al. (1986), Copano Bay on the Texas coast presents an exceptional research area for studying 1) the effect of living volatility on death assemblage diversity and composition and 2) the stability of death assemblage diversity. Staff et al. (1986) revisited one site in Copano Bay every six weeks for 18 months in 1981-1982. In order to test the variability of both the live and dead assemblages of Copano Bay, Texas, the transect originally established by Staff et al. (1981) in 1981-1983, was reestablished in 2004 and sampled every six weeks for a duration of one year. Taxonomic abundance, diversity, and composition of these assemblages were compared to each other and those of Staff et al. (1981) in order to understand how both the living and dead assemblages have changed in the intervening 22 years. Important findings include: 1. Death assemblage composition in Copano Bay changed over 22 years more than expected based on short-term variation; 2. The death assemblages in Copano Bay reflected changes in taxonomic composition of the corresponding living community; 3. The death assemblages of Copano Bay were found to predominantly reflect the local, rather than the entire regional, species pool; and 4. Variation in diversity occurred at both six-week and 22-year time scales, indicating that the death assemblages at the study site are variable. Understanding time averaging and its effects on death assemblages will not only aid in paleocommunity reconstruction, but also aid in the construction of modern ecologic baselines.

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Malan, van Rooyen Marlize. "Indigenous pathways to adaptive coping in rural communities." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50674.

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This study formed part of the indigenous pathways to resilience (IPR) project which aim was to contribute to an indigenous psychology knowledge base on resilience. The focus of this comparative case study was to add to predominantly Western-oriented knowledge on resilience by studying indigenous pathways to adaptive coping. Indigenous psychology (IP) was used as the theoretical paradigm, the post-colonial research paradigm as the meta-theory, and participatory reflection and action (PRA) as the methodological paradigm. Participants (n=72) with non-Western worldviews were purposively sampled from two conveniently sampled rural research sites. The sample was stratified according to age (young adults = 48, older adults = 24), gender (women = 41, men = 31), and site (Limpopo = 34, Mpumalanga = 38). PRA data generation was done with stratified groups on site in two waves (eight days per site) over two years. The PRA data were documented as textual data (verbatim transcriptions of audio-recorded PRA activities translated into English) and visual data (photographs). Observation data were documented visually and textually (field notes and research diary). An inductive in-case and cross-case thematic analysis revealed indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) as pathways to values as well as indigenous pathways to adaptive coping transactions, which appeared to be normative across site, gender, and age. Similarly to values documented in existing non-Western literature, IKS values reverence for traditional authority and collective connectedness underpinned indigenous pathways to adaptive coping transactions such as hierarchical consultation and collective participation. Compared to resources mentioned in existing non-Western literature, social and cultural coping resources predominated in the present study. Similarly to documented Western literature, the identified indigenous pathways to adaptive coping transactions indicated primary control coping, mediation of negative emotions, spirituality, and future orientation, but not avoidance or secondary control coping. Contrary to individualistic Western values, but similar to findings in non-Western literature, the findings in the present study suggested a collectivist value system that influences the way in which indigenous pathways to adaptive coping manifest. An evidence-based conceptual framework for indigenous pathways to adaptive coping was developed.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2015
Educational Psychology
PhD
Unrestricted

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Pan, Erh-Chieh, and 潘爾捷. "An Investigation of the Association betweenStress Coping and Periodontal DiseaseIn Aboriginal Communities." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56828008369330394538.

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碩士
高雄醫學大學
口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班
94
ABSTRACT Background: In recent years, health problems encountered by Taiwanese aboriginal people have become an important issue Taiwan. In general, aboriginal people undertook worse medical care conditions and social economic status. Therefore, aboriginal people confront considerable difficulties in adapting to the occupation and daily life. Various stresses cause physiological and psychological changes, which may lead to disease development. Periodontal diseases are common oral diseases in adults. As a result, it is important that whether the aboriginal people have periodontal diseases which are more serious than those affected by people not applying stress copings. Objectives: The purposes of this study included: 1) to investigate the current situation of mental health and stress coping; 2) to investigate the current situation of the periodontal diseases; 3) to explore the relationship between stress coping and mental health with periodontal diseases in aboriginal people. Methods: This study used the aboriginal data from the “Oral Health Survey for Adults and Senior Citizens in Taiwan, 2003-3005”. The study design was a stratified multi-stage cluster samplings. The aboriginal areas included northern (covering western mountain townships from north of Chiayi County), southern (covering mountain townships in Kaohsiung and Pingtung Counties) and eastern mountain townships (covering mountain townships in Hualien and Taitung Counties). Mental problems, stress coping, and so on were measured by Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12). Community periodontal index (CPI) and periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) were assessed by oral examination. Results: The logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of the occurrence of mental health problems of women was 1.65 times (p=0.1609) than that of men (CHQ≧3). Moreover, the decrease of salary correlated significantly with the abnormal increase of smoking, drinking and betel chewing. Besides, the probability of the occurrence of periodontal diseases aboriginal people with aged 35-49 was 3.89 times than that of those aged 18-34 (p=0.0031). And the probability of the occurrence of periodontal diseases of aboriginal people aged 50-64 was 6.52 times than that of those aged 18-34 (p=0.0282). Nevertheless, there was no statistical significance after mental health factors and the stress coping strategies were adjusted. Age correlated positively with periodontal attachment loss, whose probability of occurrence was 9.42 times in those aged 50-64 compared with that of those aged than (p=0.0038) and 17.46 times in those aged over 65 compared with those aged 18-34 (p=0.0026). The increase of betel chewing correlated positively and significantly with periodontal attachment loss after mental health factors were adjusted (OR=4.66, p=0.0028). Conclusions: It was found in this study that the periodontal diseases of aboriginal people significantly correlated with age and social-economic status (income). But there was no statistical significance regarding habits of betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking as well as mental health. However, it was found that age and periodontal attachment loss correlated positively and significantly with the increase of betel quid chewed when stress was encountered. Keywords: stress coping, aborigine, periodontal diseases, Chinese Health Questionnaire

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"Race-Related Stress and Coping among African American Adolescents in Urban, Racially Homogenous Communities." Tulane University, 2018.

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21

Sachar, Tina M. "Quality of life in retirement communities : an investigation of psychosocial development, coping, and caregiving factors /." Diss., 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3147331.

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22

Huggins, Michael W. "Social safety nets, HIV/AIDS & orphans and vulnerable children in Quthing, Lesotho: an examination of coping strategies and how communities survive." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4684.

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Abstract This dissertation explores four key questions within the HIV/AIDS paradigm1 and the impact it is having on orphans and vulnerable children in the district of Quthing, Lesotho. These questions are: What is the status of social safety nets? How are communities surviving with the growing number of orphans and vulnerable children? What might be the early warning signs of community breaking points as a new category of child-headed household emerges? What are the human drivers of the pandemic in terms of behaviour and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, orphans and vulnerable children, and sex; and in terms of reasons why people are not heeding the warning signs and adopting behaviour change? The findings of the dissertation reveal that communities are overwhelmed with the demands placed on them to support orphans and vulnerable children to the point where culture, traditions, and society at large are showing early warning signs of irreversible strain. Despite the efforts of government, donors, the humanitarian sector and the communities themselves, awareness of HIV/AIDS is not translating into behavioural change and as such the spread of the virus continues unabated among the youngest and most vulnerable groups. 1 The set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality for the community that shares them, especially in an intellectual discipline. ii

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23

Lekwadu, Maelane Irene. "The experiences, challenges and coping strategies of women residing around the mining communities : the case of Driekop community, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26581.

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The plight of women who reside around the mining communities has not received the necessary attention from a research perspective. This concern prompted the researcher to compose a qualitative research aimed at exploring the experiences and challenges faced by these women. This was a case study research which was conducted among women who reside around the Driekop mining community in Limpopo province and designed from exploratory, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological in designs. The study was guided by the two theories: the feminist theory and the coping theory of Lazarus and Folkman. Relevant research ethical principles were upheld during the plenary phase wherein the research proposal was subjected to review by the Higher Degrees Committee of the UNISA’s Social Work Departmental Research and Ethics Committee and throughout the duration of the study. The data which was collected through the semi-structured interviews was analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six steps of data analysis, gave rise to several experiences and challenges which are presented in a form of nine themes and 13 subthemes. In striving to assure research quality, Guba and Lincoln’s trustworthiness principles were adopted. Some conclusions are drawn from the process of qualitative research as an approach adopted to guide the study as well as the findings based on the collected and analysed data. Based on the conclusions of the research process and the research findings, the reader’s attention is drawn to some recommendations which are proposed to inform practice, training and policy development.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Work)

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24

Hashimi, Linah Fatimah. "The Role of Family and Faith as Resources within South Asian Muslim Newcomer Communities Settling in Canada." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25653.

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This study examines the psychological and emotional experience of settling in Canada for South Asian Muslim newcomers and the coping systems they use to manage the challenges associated with moving to a new country. Ten South Asian Muslims were interviewed within the Greater Toronto Area. They were posed questions related to the hardships they encountered as they settled in Canada and how they managed those challenges. The data was analyzed using Grounded Theory. A model was developed to illustrate resources used by newcomers to help maintain their mental health and well-being. Upon settling in Canada, the participants experienced psychological stressors and therefore sought help from their Islamic faith, their families, and community services. The combined resources facilitated the immigrants’ resilience and allowed them to maintain a positive outlook towards their immigration experience.

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Mutero, Innocent Tinashe. "An ethnography on the uses of chinyambera traditional dance as a coping mechanism by marginalised communities in Gweru Zimbabwe : the case of Tavirima Traditional Dance Group." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11170.

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This dissertation is an ethnographic expository of how Tavirima Traditional Dance Group uses chinyambera traditional dance as a copying mechanism for marginalised communities in Gweru, Zimbabwe. This study contextualises and analyses how Tavirima’s performances of chinyambera reflect the socio-political environment in Zimbabwe and how the music works to bring about social change. It gives further insight into and analysis of how traditional songs metaphorically speak out against the authoritarian government of Zimbabwe led by Robert Gabriel Mugabe, and how dance embodies dissent against the same. The dissertation provides transcriptions and contextual interpretations of chinyambera songs which Tavirima uses as agents for social change focusing on how the songs reflect, contest, resist and mediate in the prevailing socio-political crisis in Zimbabwe. The research also discusses how chinyambera’s roots, expressiveness and energies influence Tavirima to choose the dance over a myriad of other Zimbabwean traditional dances. The theoretical framework for this study is underlined by the African Popular Culture Theory, Alternative Cultural Theory and Positive Deviance Approach creating a vantage point through which the study is framed to analyse the ability of popular arts in bringing about social change and how subalterns take charge of their destiny by defying restrictive and oppressing systems through a metamorphosis of traditional music and dance.

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Desta, Getachew Demissie. "Highland-lowland linkages and its implications on the livelihood of the communities in Ethiopia : the case of Bale Administrative Zone, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26377.

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Historically, development in Ethiopia, is a result of intimate highland-lowland interdependencies and complementarities. However, over the course of time, this age-old equilibrium that has harmoniously ruled the economic, social and political life of the highland and lowland communities is getting weaker. This study aimed at investigating the nature and extent of links between the highland and lowland communities of Bale administrative zone and the consequent impacts on their livelihoods. Multi-stage cluster sampling techniques were employed to select 403 sample household heads from the two agro-ecological regions. Questionnaire, interview, FGD and field observations were used as tools of primary data collection. ANOVA, multiple linear regressions ans binary logistic regression were used to analize the quantitative data. Accordingly, the findings of the study indicated that the overwhelming majority (82.2%) of the respondents witnessed the presence of interaction with the adjacent agro-ecological communities. It was identified that highlanders and lowlanders of the zone are interlinked ecologically, economically, socio-culturally and politically. However, due to diminishing of ecological resources, inadequacy of agricultural products and gradual development of resentments between various socio-cultural groups, the status of the linkage is not to the level expected in the study area. In some instances, it steered them to conflict driven by various factors of natural resources, socio-economic and political elements which in turn resulted in humanitarian, social, economic and environmental consequences. Notwithstanding its devastating impacts, both the highland and lowland communities employed the legal and indigenous conflict resolution strategies to curb the problem. Hence, as both the highlanders and lowlanders are vulnerable to some sorts of stresses, seasonality and shocks, strengthening complementarities between them would have invaluable contribution for building resilient livelihoods of both communities, particularly the highly vulnerable lowlanders.
Geography
Ph. D. (Geography)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communities of coping'

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