Journal articles on the topic 'Communities Australia'
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1
Romanenko, Olena. "SLAVIC COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND THE CURRENT SITUATION." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (December 17, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-14-23.
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Migration to the Australian continent has ancient origins. On 1 January 1901, the Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia included six former colonies: New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, and Western Australia. The British origin had 78% of those who were born overseas. The immigration was high on the national agenda. The most ambitious nation-building plan based on immigration was adopted in Australia in the post-World War II period. The shock of the war was so strong that even old stereotypes did not prevent Australians from embarking on immigration propaganda with the slogan “Populate or Perish”. In the middle 1950s, the Australian Department of Immigration realized that family reunion was an important component of successful settlement. In 1955 the Department implemented “Operation Reunion” – a scheme was intended to assist family members overseas to migrate to the continent and reunite with the family already living in Australia. As a result, 30000 people managed to migrate from countries such as Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, and the former Yugoslavia under this scheme. Today Australia’s approach to multicultural affairs is a unique model based on integration and social cohesion. On governmental level, the Australians try to maintain national unity through respect and preservation of cultural diversity. An example of such an attitude to historical memory is a database created by the Department of Home Affairs (DHA). For our research, we decided to choose information about residents of East-Central European origin (Ukraine-born, Poland-born, and Czech Republic-born citizens) in Australia, based on the information from the above mentioned database. The article provides the brief historical background of Polish, Ukrainian and Czech groups on the Continent and describes the main characteristics of these groups of people, such as geographic distribution, age, language, religion, year of arrival, median income, educational qualifications, and employment characteristics.
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L., Cecil A. "Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i6.1131.
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Little is known about Australian Indigenous female entrepreneurship. Misconceptions typifying Australian Indigenous businesses are community enterprises are encumbered by research limitations, generalisations and stereotyping; the material is seldom voiced by Australian Indigenous people; and few sources detail the challenges for grass roots female Indigenous entrepreneurs in remote Australian Aboriginal communities that maintain patriarchal cultures. In this paper is described how 21 Indigenous female entrepreneurs in a remote region of northern Australia have tailored their businesses to comply with the regulatory and statutory framework of the dominant society while preserving sensitivity to the traditional cultural norms, rules, and obligations. The data were independently corroborated by Indigenous and non Indigenous men of recognised standing in the region. These empirical observations provide foundation for better informed judgements about the business environment in remote regions of Australia, which is fundamental when developing policies for delivering sustainable female Indigenous small businesses.
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Dettmann, Mary E., and David M. Jarzen. "Pollen evidence for Late Cretaceous differentiation of Proteaceae in southern polar forests." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-116.
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Amongst diverse and abundant fossil proteaceous pollen in southeastern Australian Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) sediments are forms identical with pollen of extant taxa within subfamilies Proteoideae, Persoonioideae, Carnarvonioideae, and Grevilleoideae. Taxa identified now have disparate geographic ranges within Australasia. Sclerophyllous Adenanthos and Stirlingia (Proteoideae) are restricted to the southern Australian Mediterranean climatic region; Persoonia (Persoonioideae) ranges into higher rainfall areas of eastern and northern Australia. Grevillea exul – Grevillea robusta and Telopea (Grevilleoideae) and Carnarvonia (Carnarvonioideae) occur in or fringe rain forests in eastern Australasia, as do other members (Macadamia, Gevuina–Hicksbeachia, Knightia, and Beauprea) reported previously. Pollen evidence thereby confirms evolution of both rain forest and sclerophyll members by the Campanian–Maastrichtian. Turnover of proteaceous pollen taxa near the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary may reflect contemporaneous modifications to the proteaceous communities. Associated with the Late Cretaceous Proteaceae were diverse conifers (Microcachrys, Lagarostrobus, Podocarpus, Dacrydium, Dacrycarpus, and Araucariaceae), Nothofagus, Ilex, Gunnera, Ascarina, Winteraceae, Trimeniaceae, and probable Epacridaceae. The vegetation, which fringed a narrow estuary separating Antarctica from southern Australia, implies a mosaic of rain forest and sclerophyll communities but has no modern analogue. Key words: Proteaceae, Late Cretaceous, Australia, Antarctica.
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Kaethner, Ben, Peter See, and Adam Pennington. "Talking camels: a consultation strategy for consent to conduct feral camel management on Aboriginal-owned land in Australia." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 2 (2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15076.
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Thorough consultation and informed consent are required for any work on Aboriginal-owned land in Australia. Consultations for feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) management under the Australian Feral Camel Management Project across the Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia were conducted across a vast area, spanning a diversity of cultures and landscape types. Aboriginal organisations from these jurisdictions developed consultative processes that supported Aboriginal communities in making informed decisions on any removal of camels from their country. This article describes the communication techniques used to depict the feral camel issues and opportunities to Aboriginal communities at the local and landscape scale. The decisions that communities arrived at were varied, but consistently focussed on feral camel removal. Their decisions have led to broad-scale feral camel removal under the Australian Feral Camel Management Project, and beyond.
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Muttaqin, Ahmad, Achmad Zainal Arifin, and Firdaus Wajdi. "Problems, Challenges and Prospects of Indonesian Muslim Community in Sydney for Promoting Tolerance." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i2.5971.
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This paper elucidates a map of Indonesian Muslim communities around Sydney in order to observe the possibility to promote a moderate and tolerance of Indonesian Islam worldwide. Indonesian Muslims who live in Australia are relatively small if we consider that we are the closer neighbor of Australia and have the biggest Muslim populations in the world. Most Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney are in a form of kelompok pengajian (Islamic study group), which is commonly based on ethnicity, regionalism (province and regency), and religious affiliation with Indonesian Islamic groups. The main problems of Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney are an ambiguous identity, laziness integration, and dream to home country. Most Indonesian Muslim diaspora in Sydney only consider Australia as the land for making money. Therefore, their inclusion to Australian community is just being Indonesian Muslim in Australia and it seems hard for them to be Australian Muslim, especially in the case of those who already changed to be Australian citizens. This kind of diaspora attitude differs from Muslims Diasporas from the Middle East and South Asia countries who are mostly ready to be fully Australian Muslim.Naturally, most Indonesian Muslim communities put their emphasis to develop their community based on social needs and try to avoid political idea of Islamism. In this case, the Indonesian government, through the Indonesian Consulate in Sydney, has great resources to promote moderate and tolerant views of Indonesian Islam to other Muslim communities, as well as to Western media. In optimizing resources of Indonesian Muslim communities in Sydney to envoy Indonesian cultures and policies, it is necessary for Indonesian government to have a person with integrated knowledge on Islamic Studies who are working officially under the Indonesian consulate in Sydney. It is based on the fact that most Indonesian Muslim communities needs a patron from the government to manage and soften some differences among them, especially related to problems of identities, as well as to link them with the wider Australian communities.
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Okhovat, Sahar, Asher Hirsch, Khanh Hoang, and Rebecca Dowd. "Rethinking resettlement and family reunion in Australia." Alternative Law Journal 42, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x17732705.
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Family reunion remains a significant issue for refugee communities in Australia. Family separation causes significant psychological, social and economic harm to displaced communities. Instead of supporting the reunion of refugee families, the current law and policies make it increasingly difficult, if not impossible, for refugees to bring their family members to Australia. This article outlines the barriers to family reunion for refugees under Australian law and policy and addresses how such policies could be reformed to better facilitate reunification.
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Scott, Ted. "Issues in education in remote rural Australia." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 1, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v1i1.241.
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The term Rural Australia is being used by the Commonwealth Government in recent times very , very broadly, indeed, to encompass about ninety five percent (95%) of the Australian mainland. Indeed, it deals with virtually all of Australia that is outside the large metropolitan areas and is more than fifty (50) kilometres remote from a sizeable community. Now, having said that it embraces ninety five percent (95%) of Australia, you would realise, of course, that encompassed in that area are a number of very significant communities that are focal points for the territory around them. In a sense we might talk about those areas as being provincial Australia. If you come from provincial Australia tonight, then I apologise as my remarks are not going to be really addressed to you. I am going to take the other section that we really call remote Australia. I am talking about those smaller country towns, the small service towns. I am talking about the railway fettlers' camps. I am talking about the station properties, and the farming communities, and the isolated aboriginal communities.
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Scott-Maxwell, Aline. "K-pop flows and Indonesian student pop scenes: situating live Asian pop music in an ‘Asian’ Australia." Media International Australia 175, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x20906550.
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Transnational responses to globalisation in the Asia-Pacific region have included the flow of Asian pop genres throughout Asia and beyond, which pose a modest challenge to the normative dominance of Anglophone pop globally. Over the last decade, Australia has entered this flow and become part of the market for Asian pop. Iwabuchi argues that ‘burgeoning popular culture flows have given new substance to the ambiguous imaginary space of “Asia”’. Recent growth in the Australian consumption and production of Asian popular music and media coupled with rapidly expanding, diverse and fluid Asian-Australian diaspora populations and communities of transient migrants from Asia, specifically international students, who together form Asian pop’s primary consumers in Australia, highlight the ambiguity of both ‘the imaginary space of “Asia”’ and the imaginary space of ‘Australia’. The article considers Australian engagement with Asian pop from two perspectives: K-pop dominated media production and commercial scale concerts of East Asian pop and the social and experiential dimension of how international students engage with live Asian pop. Ethnographic case studies of two Asian pop events draw attention to the self-contained, socially and culturally demarcated communities of international students in Australia. They illustrate how such concert events express shared identities; a collective sense of community, belonging and agency; and, further, a connectedness to ‘Asia’ and a disconnectedness to the Australian societies that enable their communities and pop music activities.
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Ragusa, Angela T., and Olivia Ward. "Unveiling the Male Corset." Men and Masculinities 20, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x15613830.
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Contemporary sociological research indicates rural men face increasing pressure to comply with hegemonic masculine gender norms. Adopting Butler’s poststructural theory of gender performativity, this study presents findings from qualitative interviews with twenty-five self-identified male Goths living in rural Australia, revealing how participants enacted masculinity and how rurality shaped gender performance. Despite participants’ believing their Goth identity transcended geographic location, Goth self-expression of counternormative masculinity was met with societal pressure. Rural Australian communities were presented as strongly upholding normative, traditional gender expectations as most participants experienced adverse responses, namely, homophobic hostility, employment discrimination, bullying, and/or physical assault, which necessitated modification of gender performance for individual safety and well-being. Participants largely attributed negative reactions to rural communities’ “closed-mindedness” in contrast with the “open-mindedness” they experienced in urban communities. Overall, participants believed urban communities in Australia and beyond displayed greater acceptance of diverse gender performances than rural Australia.
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Wilde, W. David, and Paul A. Swatman. "Toward Virtual Communities in Rural Australia." International Journal of Electronic Commerce 2, no. 1 (September 1997): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10864415.1997.11518303.
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Baldauf, Richard B. "Linguistic Minorities and Bilingual Communities: Australia." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 6 (March 1985): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003081.
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Over the last few years many statements have been made indicating that a variety of groups and organizations recognize and support multilingualism and multiculturalism in Australia. It is less clear at a policy level, however, how these ‘;ism’ can or should be maintained. Smolicz (1983) has argued in a variety of forums that language is a ‘core’ value for many cultural groups. If language is lost or destroyed, these cultures become de-activated and form sub-cultural variants on the majority culture.
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RIDGEWAY, ADEN. "LIVEABLE COMMUNITIES AND CULTURE IN AUSTRALIA." Australian Planner 38, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2001.9657962.
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Sangha, Kamaljit K., Bevlyn Sithole, Hmalan Hunter-Xenie, Cherry Daniels, Dean Yibarbuk, Glenn James, Christine Michael, Jackie Gould, Andrew C. Edwards, and Jeremy Russell-Smith. "Empowering Remote Indigenous Communities in Natural Disaster Prone Northern Australia." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 35, no. 3 (November 2017): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701703500302.
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Risks and challenges associated with recurring natural hazards (especially wet season cyclonic and flooding events; dry season extensive savanna fires) facing remote north Australian Indigenous communities are well recognised. Less well appreciated are longer-term challenges required for building community resilience in the face of responding to natural hazards. We report on detailed surveys of community perceptions of resilience undertaken in two communities, Ngukurr and Gunbalanya, in northern Australia. This assessment highlights the critical challenge for government authorities to effectively engage with remote communities. We then address the equally challenging issue of enhancing resilience through building enterprise opportunities. Currently, only few employment opportunities exist in either community. Based on experience with market-based savanna burning greenhouse gas emissions abatement projects in north Australia, we illustrate the potential for ecosystem service-based enterprises to deliver culturally appropriate employment, which offers evident benefits for local communities in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from major natural disaster events.
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Whyte, Sue, Di Wyatt, Susan Faulkner, Janice Chesters, Marlene Drysdale, Steve Kirkbright, Rob Clough, Helen Carr, and Gordon Whyte. "Building Healthy Communities: The Rural Chronic Disease Initiative." Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, no. 2 (2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06018.
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The Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing funded an innovative program to improve the health and wellbeing of people living in small rural and remote communities across Australia. The Rural Chronic Disease Initiative (RCDI) was announced in late 2002 as part of the 2000-2001 Federal Budget. Its purpose was to develop more skills in health organisations and in the community, to improve what people know about chronic disease, to encourage community members to change their behaviour and provide better ways to help people with chronic disease. The department funded 29 small projects across Australia. There will be many outcomes and degrees of success from such a wide-ranging group of community projects. There were three main factors that contributed to success: the skills of the people in project teams and employed as project officers; the partnerships and linkages created for the project; and the degree of community ownership of or engagement with the project. Time was the most important challenge for projects, in particular the time needed to consult with and engage the community. Other challenges included the level of skills and capacity within the community and the lack of available training and accreditation. The RCDI projects have shown that rural and remote communities in Australia can initiate, develop and implement a range of successful strategies to prevent and better manage chronic diseases.
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John, Jacob, Melissa Hay, and Jennifer Paton. "Cyanobacteria in benthic microbial communities in coastal salt lakes in Western Australia." Algological Studies 130 (October 1, 2009): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2009/0130-0125.
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Tompkins, Joanne. "‘Homescapes’ and Identity Reformations in Australian Multicultural Drama." Theatre Research International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883301000050.
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A consideration of identity formation in contemporary Australian multicultural theatre is offered through a re-assessment of the unsettled (and unsettling) constructions of Australia as ‘home’ in the work of three playwrights. William Yang's Sadness disrupts a localized perception of home, space, and cultural communities to amalgamate two disparate communities (the queer/homosexual community in Sydney and the Asian-Australian, or ‘Austasian’ community) into a reconfigured Australian identity. Janis Balodis's The Ghosts Trilogy uses many actors who play across the unsettled lines of history, amid numerous voices, homes, and homelands that indicate the enormity of what ‘Australia’ comes to signify. Noëlle Janaczewska's The History of Water constructs a way of locating the self by means of a metaphoric home as each character establishes herself on a psychic plane rather than choosing the strictly physical locations to which she has access. In their interrogations of home and homeland, these plays challenge assumptions regarding identity, disrupt notions of the ultimate ownership of land/culture by anyone, and problematize the idea of settlement as it is currently articulated in Australia.
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Knipe, Sally, and Christine Bottrell. "Staffing remote schools: Perennial failure." Journal of Global Education and Research 7, no. 2 (July 2023): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2577-509x.7.2.1197.
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Educational and socioeconomic disadvantage in remote communities, and the inadequacies of government action to bring about significant change needs to be addressed. This article presents a descriptive study examining the complexities of staffing remote and very remote schools in Australia with appropriately-qualified teachers. The findings of analysis of data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) on behalf of the Australian Government through the National Schools Statistics Collection (NSSC) indicate that the majority of students in remote schools in Australia live, and are educated in, Indigenous communities in three jurisdictions. This raises concerns of unacknowledged and unacceptable discrimination. Complexity within the current approach to resourcing of remote and very remote schools in Australia, especially in relation to economies of scale are explored. The analysis of existing data was discussed, and how this may be used to address the perennial failure to develop quality decisions, particularly in areas of resourcing in remote and very remote schools.
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McGaughey, Fiona, Teodora Pasca, and Sarah Millman. "The road ahead: Driver’s licensing and the over-incarceration of Aboriginal peoples in Western Australia." Alternative Law Journal 43, no. 3 (August 16, 2018): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x18788677.
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Western Australia is the Australian state with the highest incarceration rates of Aboriginal people. This article examines the laws and policies governing driving offences, driver’s licensing, and fines in Western Australia and their implications for Aboriginal people. The Aboriginal rate of imprisonment for licensing offences in Western Australia is significantly higher than the rate for non-Aboriginal people, with the overrepresentation being particularly stark within regional areas. Geographical, cultural, financial, and social barriers inhibit the accessibility of driver’s licensing services for Aboriginal people, while an acute need to drive in Aboriginal communities can lead to unlicensed driving. As a result, Aboriginal people are imprisoned for unlicensed or disqualified driving or fine defaults, with harmful impacts on Aboriginal communities. The article makes recommendations for law reform, to be considered in consultation with Aboriginal communities in adherence with Australia’s obligations regarding self-determination, consultation, representation and consent in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
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Cyril, Sheila, Michael Polonsky, Julie Green, Kingsley Agho, and Andre Renzaho. "Readiness of communities to engage with childhood obesity prevention initiatives in disadvantaged areas of Victoria, Australia." Australian Health Review 41, no. 3 (2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16069.
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Objective Disadvantaged communities bear a disproportionate burden of childhood obesity and show low participation in childhood obesity prevention initiatives. This study aims to examine the level of readiness of disadvantaged communities to engage with childhood obesity prevention initiatives. Methods Using the community readiness model, 95 semi-structured interviews were conducted among communities in four disadvantaged areas of Victoria, Australia. Community readiness analysis and paired t-tests were performed to assess the readiness levels of disadvantaged communities to engage with childhood obesity prevention initiatives. Results The results showed that disadvantaged communities demonstrated low levels of readiness (readiness score = 4/9, 44%) to engage with the existing childhood obesity prevention initiatives, lacked knowledge of childhood obesity and its prevention, and reported facing challenges in initiating and sustaining participation in obesity prevention initiatives. Conclusion This study highlights the need to improve community readiness by addressing low obesity-related literacy levels among disadvantaged communities and by facilitating the capacity-building of bicultural workers to deliver obesity prevention messages to these communities. Integrating these needs into existing Australian health policy and practice is of paramount importance for reducing obesity-related disparities currently prevailing in Australia. What is known about the topic? Childhood obesity prevalence is plateauing in developed countries including Australia; however, obesity-related inequalities continue to exist in Australia especially among communities living in disadvantaged areas, which experience poor engagement in childhood obesity prevention initiatives. Studies in the USA have found that assessing disadvantaged communities’ readiness to participate in health programs is a critical initial step in reducing the disproportionate obesity burden among these communities. However, no studies in Australia have assessed disadvantaged communities’ readiness to engage in obesity prevention initiatives. What does this paper add? This paper addresses the current gap in the knowledge of disadvantaged communities’ level of readiness to engage in childhood obesity prevention initiatives in Australia. The study also identified the key factors responsible for low readiness of disadvantaged communities to participate in current childhood obesity prevention services. By using the Community Readiness model this study shows the readiness levels specific to the various dimensions of the model; Understanding dimension-specific readiness allows us to identify strategies that are tailored to each dimension, as guided by the model. What are the implications for practitioners? With the increasing burden of childhood obesity on disadvantaged communities, policymakers and health practitioners are facing a crisis in obesity prevention and management. Almost every year, new interventions are being planned and implemented. However if the target communities are not ready to participate in the available interventions these efforts are futile. This study exposes the key factors responsible for low readiness to participate in current obesity prevention services by disadvantaged communities. Addressing these key factors and improving readiness before designing new interventions will improve the participation of disadvantaged communities in those interventions. The study findings ultimately have the potential of reducing obesity-related disparities in Australia.
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Greenwood, DR. "Eocene monsoon forests in central Australia?" Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960095.
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The Australian Tertiary plant fossil record documents rainforests of a tropical to temperate character in south-eastern and south-western Australia for much of the Early Tertiary, and also shows the climatically mediated contraction of these rainforests in the mid to Late Tertiary. The fossil record of Australian monsoon forests, that is semi-evergreen to deciduous vine forests and woodlands of the wet-dry tropics, however, is poorly known. Phytogeographic analyses have suggested an immigrant origin for some floral elements of present day monsoon forests in northern Australia, while other elements appear to have a common history with the tropical rainforests sensu stricto and/or the sclerophyllous flora. Early Tertiary macrofloras in northern South Australia may provide some insight into the origins of Australian tropical monsoon forests. The Middle Eocene macrofloras of the Poole Creek palaeochannel, and the ?Eocene-Oligocene silcrete macrofloras of Stuart Creek, both in the vicinity of modern Lake Eyre South, have foliar physiognomic characteristics which distinguish them from both modern rainforest and Eocene-Oligocene floras from south-eastern Australia. Preliminary systematic work on these floras suggests the presence of: (1) elements not associated today with monsoon forests (principally 'rainforest' elements, e.g. Gymnostoma, cf. Lophostemon, cf. Athertonia, Podocarpaceae, ?Cunoniaceae); (2) elements typical of both monsoon forests and other tropical plant communities (e.g. cf. Eucalyptus, cf. Syzygium, and Elaeocarpaceae); (3) elements likely to be reflecting sclerophyllous communities (e.g. cf. Eucalyptus, Banksieae and other Proteaceae); and (4) elements more typically associated with, but not restricted to, monsoon forests (e.g. Brachychiton). The foliar physiognomic and floristic evidence is interpreted as indicating a mosaic of gallery or riverine rainforests, and interfluve sclerophyllous plant communities near Lake Eyre in the Early Tertiary; deciduous forest components are not clearly indicated. Palaeoclimatic analysis of the Eocene Poole Creek floras suggests that rainfall was seasonal in the Lake Eyre area in the Eocene; however, whether this seasonality reflects a monsoonal airflow is not clear.
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Carpenter, Raymond J., Myall Tarran, and Robert S. Hill. "Leaf fossils of Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae: tracing the past of an important Australasian sclerophyll lineage." Australian Systematic Botany 30, no. 2 (2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16045.
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Fossils from the Eocene of South Australia and Western Australia and the Oligo–Miocene of Victoria represent the first known Australian leaf fossils of subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae. Persoonieaephyllum blackburnii sp. nov. is described from Middle Eocene Nelly Creek sediments near Lake Eyre, South Australia. Persoonieae are an important clade for understanding vegetation transitions in Australasia. The Nelly Creek leaf fossils are small (~6mm wide) and belong to an assemblage that has some characteristics of open vegetation, which is also inferred for the Oligo–Miocene of the Latrobe Valley, Victoria. In contrast, the Western Australian Late Eocene Persoonieae occur with diverse Lauraceae and other elements now typical of closed rainforests, and may, therefore, have been derived from communities that are unlike those in which most Persoonieae now occur. All fossil Persoonieae leaves so far known are hypostomatic (or virtually so), a state of stomatal distribution now only found in species of reasonably mesic habitats in New Zealand, New Caledonia and eastern Australian eucalypt forests. The ancestral state of stomatal distribution in Persoonieae leaves is unclear, but evidence suggests ancient associations of amphistomaty with open habitats, evolutionary loss of adaxial stomata in more closed vegetation, and the evolution of pronounced xerophylly within south-western Australian heathlands.
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Preece, Michael, Jo Harding, and Judy G. West. "Bush Blitz: journeys of discovery in the Australian outback." Australian Systematic Botany 27, no. 6 (2014): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15009.
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Bush Blitz is an innovative and ambitious partnership between the Australian Biological Resources Study, BHP Billiton Sustainable Communities and the Earthwatch Institute (Australia) that aims to fill critical gaps in the knowledge of the biodiversity of Australia (http://www.bushblitz.org.au). Since its inception in 2009, over 900 putative new species of animals and plants have been discovered in Australian conservation reserves. As a unique approach to surveys in often-remote areas of the Australian outback, the Bush Blitz program has been highly successful and highlights the need for ongoing exploration and research to adequately document the biodiversity of Australia. This special issue of Australian Systematic Botany describes some of the newly discovered species and showcases the botanical results of the Bush Blitz program.
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Mason, Bonita. "REVIEW: Intervention in Aboriginal communities examined." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 24, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v24i1.414.
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‘And there’ll be NO dancing’: Perspectives on policies impacting Indigenous Australia since 2007, edited by Elisabeth Baehr and Barbara Schmidt-Haberkamp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017. 354 pp. ISBN 9781443898638
‘THE PAST is now with us; it never went away.’
The 2007 Intervention into the lives of Aboriginal people living in the Northern Territory was a low point in the relationship between the Australian government and Indigenous people. As one of the Aboriginal authors in No Dancing, Warraimay historian Victoria Grieves puts it, the Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER), as the Intervention was officially known, ‘leaves no doubt about the relationship of Aboriginal people to the settler colonial state’ (p. 89).
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Gledhill, Marion. "Family resource programs: Strengthening families and communities." Children Australia 21, no. 4 (1996): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200007240.
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This paper argues the need for comprehensive provision of family resource programs. All Australia's families should be able to access the support, information, skills and resources that are necessary for optimal child development and for prevention of child abuse and neglect. The paper argues that there is a significant gap in the general availability of primary prevention family services in Australia. Family resource programs are discussed in terms of their goals, guiding principles, and service models. Examples of these programs both overseas and in NSW are described.
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Jorgensen, Eleanor, Jennifer Green, and Anastasia Bauer. "Exploring Phonological Aspects of Australian Indigenous Sign Languages." Languages 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020081.
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Spoken languages make up only one aspect of the communicative landscape of Indigenous Australia—sign languages are also an important part of their rich and diverse language ecologies. Australian Indigenous sign languages are predominantly used by hearing people as a replacement for speech in certain cultural contexts. Deaf or hard-of-hearing people are also known to make use of these sign languages. In some circumstances, sign may be used alongside speech, and in others it may replace speech altogether. Alternate sign languages such as those found in Australia occupy a particular place in the diversity of the world’s sign languages. However, the focus of research on sign language phonology has almost exclusively been on sign languages used in deaf communities. This paper takes steps towards deepening understandings of signed language phonology by examining the articulatory features of handshape and body locations in the signing practices of three communities in Central and Northern Australia. We demonstrate that, while Australian Indigenous sign languages have some typologically unusual features, they exhibit the same ‘fundamental’ structural characteristics as other sign languages.
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Haveric, Dzavid. "Muslim Memories in Victoria." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 3 (October 18, 2017): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v2i3.55.
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There is no history of Islam in Australia without a history of Muslim communities; there is no history of these Muslim communities without the memories of Australian Muslims. Within Australia’s religiously pluralistic mosaic there is no history of the Muslim faith without sharing universal values with other faiths.
This paper is primarily based on empirical research undertaken in Victoria. It is a pioneering exploration of the building of multiethnic Muslim communities and interfaith relations from the 1950s to the 1980s. It is part of much broader research on the history of Islam in Australia. It is kaleidoscopic in its gathering of individual and family migrant memories from Muslims in all walks of life. It includes an older Muslim generation as well as those who came later, in subsequent waves. Muslim interviewees in the research were migrants of various ethnicities from Albania, Bosnia, Cyprus, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Tanzania and Kenya. Muslim men and women are represented, and also those born in Australia. This research was enhanced by consulting Islamic and Christian archival sources.
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Gibson, N., G. J. Keighery, M. N. Lyons, and B. J. Keighery. "Threatened plant communities of Western Australia. 2 The seasonal clay-based wetland communities of the South West." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 4 (2005): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050287.
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The communities of seasonal clay-based wetlands of south-west Australia are described. They are amongst the most threatened In Western Australia. It is estimated that >90% of the original extent of these communities has been cleared for agriculture, and the remaining areas, despite largely occurring in conservation reserves, are threatened by weed invasion and rising saline groundwater. Thirty-six taxa are identified as claypan specialists occurring in six floristic communities. Composition was strongly correlated with rainfall and edaphic factors. The most consistent attribute shared between the seasonal clay-based wetlands of south-west Australia, and the analogous vernal pools systems of California, Chile, and South Africa was the widespread conversion of these wetlands to agricultural systems. The south-west Australia wetlands had a richer flora, different lifeform composition, higher species richness but fewer claypan specialists than the vernal pools of California. The dissimilarity in the regional floras and vegetation types from which the pool floras were recruited explain these differences.
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McDonald, Malcolm, Rebecca J. Towers, Ross M. Andrews, Jonathan R. Carapetis, and Bart J. Currie. "Epidemiology ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisin Tropical Communities, Northern Australia." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 11 (November 2007): 1694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1311.061258.
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Baum, Scott, Yolanda van Gellecum, and Tan Yigitcanlar. "Wired Communities in the City: Sydney, Australia." Australian Geographical Studies 42, no. 2 (July 2004): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.2004.00274.x.
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Davidson, Jim. "Republics of Letters: Literary Communities in Australia." Journal of Australian Studies 37, no. 1 (March 2013): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2012.757274.
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Race, Digby, Supriya Mathew, Matthew Campbell, and Karl Hampton. "Are Australian Aboriginal Communities Adapting to a Warmer Climate? A Study of Communities Living in Semi-Arid Australia." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (May 30, 2016): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n3p208.
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<p>Communities around the world adapt to warming climates in a number of ways. Adaptations can often be energy intensive or dependent on expensive infrastructure to cope with harsh weather, so the use of renewable energy and energy efficient housing is becoming an increasing feature in conversations about climate change adaptation. The cost of energy for households continues to increase, with this cost adding considerable financial pressure on low-income households in both developed and developing countries. The concept of ‘energy poverty’ is gaining utility around the world to highlight the prevalent dilemma faced by low-income households that they cannot afford the level of energy use to maintain their desired livelihood. In regions of the world with extended periods of extreme weather, households can allocate as much as 20 per cent of their budget on energy consumption to maintain comfortable housing. Research by the authors indicates that effective adaptation must not add to the financial burden on low-income households, if the liveability of Australia’s semi-arid region is to be sustained.</p>
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Yasmeen, Samina. "Muslim in Australia: Celebrating National Days." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 2, no. 1-2 (March 2015): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798915577720.
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The new millennium has drawn renewed attention to Muslim presence in Australia despite the fact that the links between Muslims and the continent predate the European settlement. A complex set of informational, institutional, and political factors have shaped multiple identities of Muslims in the country with the set of views and identities ranging from orthodox to more modernist interpretations of what it means to be a Muslim in a majority non-Muslim state. The complexity is consistently being reinforced and rendered more complex due to the emergence of organizations, groups and forces that present what they assume to be the ‘definitive’ view of Islam. The phenomenon exists in both Muslim and non-Muslim communities in Australia. Among Muslims, this diversity has expressed itself, among other issues, with reference to national days that have come to symbolize Australian identity. This article will explore this diversity of views and responses with reference to Australia Day celebrations and the ANZAC Day. It argues that despite the presence of ideas promoting a global caliphate of Islam, as well as a tendency to present an essentialist nature of Islam and Muslims, the responses by Muslim communities in Australia have differed with respect to these national days—an indication of the flaws inherent in conceiving Muslim presence as a singular identity in Australia.
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Booth, Emily, and Bhuva Narayan. "Behind Closed Gates: The Barriers to Self-Expression and Publication for Australian Young Adult Authors of OwnVoices Fiction." International Research in Children's Literature 14, no. 2 (June 2021): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2021.0396.
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This article based on an empirical study of Australian authors argues that, despite the OwnVoices movement gathering momentum in Australia, there are still barriers and limitations for authors from marginalised communities within the Australian publishing industry. This is due to power imbalances in publishing spaces which silence marginalised writers, limiting the availability of their books to teenage readers.
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Tafler, David. "‘Rolling Thunder’: Changing communication and the Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjara public sphere." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v11i1.819.
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Tom O'Regan and Philip Batty in Australian Television Culture, identify a problematic confrontation between westernised concepts of 'publicness' and the notions of that 'publicness' found within Aboriginal cultural practices. O'Regan and Batty acknowledge the role that tradition plays in mediating the integration of indigenous communities within contemporary Australia. They suggest an array of issues that very among communities. Some variables include proximity to European settlement, the traditional food sources, and the distance from the ocean.
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Haimes, Paul, Stuart Medley, Danielle Brady, and Tetsuaki Baba. "Exploring Community Attitudes Towards Sharing of Bushfire Information Online." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0552.
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This research describes outcomes from a project that aimed to present near real-time bushfire information to remote and regional Australian communities susceptible to bushfires through an intuitive and easy to use interface. This project arose as a response to calls for increased information sharing amongst communities and individuals in the wake of several severe fire events in Australia. Several rounds of user engagement were undertaken, which informed the design of an application that came to be known as MyFireWatch, which was launched as an officially-supported publicly-accessible web application. Previous research in Australia regarding bushfire information suggests that user-sourced data can provide rich, timely and meaningful information. Yet the MyFireWatch research, the first of its kind in Australia to ascertain community attitudes to user-sourced disaster information, found that user attitudes varied. This paper describes those user attitudes and how they pose both challenges and opportunities for organisations who provide publicly-accessible disaster information.
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Rabosky, D. L., K. P. Aplin, S. C. Donnellan, and S. B. Hedges. "Molecular phylogeny of blindsnakes (Ramphotyphlops) from western Australia and resurrection of Ramphotyphlops bicolor (Peters, 1857)." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 5 (2004): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo04045.
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Blindsnakes (Typhlopidae) represent one of the least known elements of the Australian herpetofauna. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphology are used here to show that a widespread species of Australian blindsnake, Ramphotyphlops australis, comprises two distinct species. Ramphotyphlops bicolor (new combination) is resurrected from synonymy with R. australis and redescriptions are provided for both species. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within R. australis indicates that the central and south-coast populations are more closely related to each other than either is to the morphologically distinctive populations at the northern edge of the species' range. Observed levels of differentiation suggest historical isolation of populations from the Kalbarri/Shark Bay region of the western Australian coastline. However, lack of concordance between mitochondrial haplotype phylogeny and morphology for several individuals might reflect limited gene flow between the northern and south–central populations. We note that many taxa show restricted distributions or range disjunctions along the central Western Australian coastal margin, and we discuss possible models to explain population fragmentation in this region. Pliocene–Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations along the western Australian coast could have isolated sand plain communities in the Kalbarri/Shark Bay region from similar communities further south near Geraldton, possibly underlying the phylogeographic pattern in R. australis. Data from additional taxa will be needed to fully evaluate this hypothesis.
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Fozdar, Farida, Sarah Prout Quicke, and David Mickler. "Are Africans in Australia a Diaspora?" Diaspora Studies 15, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 87–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/09763457-20221002.
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Abstract Migration from the African continent to Australia has increased in volume and diversity in the last three decades, with the most recent census identifying 2.6 % of the total Australian population as either born in, or having at least one parent born in, Africa. In examining demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and interrogating political, economic, social and cultural transnational practices, using an interdisciplinary approach that combines demography, political science and sociology, this paper seeks to identify in what ways and for what purposes this population might be considered a pan-African diaspora. We argue that there is some evidence of (i) pan-African consciousness underpinning the collective identity of African-Australian community organisations; (ii) governments, NGO s, communities and individuals engaging in activities that contribute meaningfully to Australian society, countries of origin and identity formation; (iii) significant diversity and important cleavages among these populations. Broader research is required to more adequately identify and measure the multifaceted transnational contributions of African-background peoples in Australia.
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Pole, M. "Keeping in Touch: Vegetation Prehistory on Both Sides of the Tasman." Australian Systematic Botany 6, no. 5 (1993): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930387.
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At the end of the Cretaceous New Zealand broke away from the Australian-Antarctic continental mass and was physically isolated by the Tasman Sea. Early in the Tertiary New Zealand moved a long way north relative to Australia, but with the rapid northward movement of Australia, starting in the Eocene, Australia overtook New Zealand, so that much of the South Island of New Zealand now lies south of Tasmania. The northward and relative movements of the two blocks provide an interesting framework for comparing the development of their vegetation. In the Late Cretaceous, New Zealand and Australia were physically attached and shared a flora dominated by podocarp and araucarian conifers and deciduous angiosperms, consistent with growth in a polar latitude with periods of winter darkness. When New Zealand broke away and moved north, a typically evergreen angiosperm-dominated flora developed. This showed similarities to the extant and fossil flora of the Australian mainland. To the south, Tasmania developed a quite distinct flora often dominated by conifers. In the Early-mid Miocene, when New Zealand lay at the same latitude as south eastern Australia, a change from Nothofagus dominated rainforest to, at times, drier vegetation including wet sclerophyll with Eucalyptus, occurred in both regions. This may record the roughly synchronous effects of more northerly tracking Sub Tropical High Pressure systems. In the Late Miocene-Pliocene there was a return to Nothofagus-podocarp dominance in both Australia and New Zealand. Today, the conifer-dominated communities of Tasmania have largely retreated to montane regions where they form dwarf shrublands, and have disappeared from the Australian mainland. In New Zealand the situation has quite reversed from that of much of the Tertiary, and conifers now form a prominent part of many rainforest communities. The evidence suggests Australia and New Zealand can be thought of as a single biogeographic entity, with the vegetation in both landmasses responding principally to climate change, with relatively free exchange, at least in one direction, of plants, rather than evolving in isolation since Late Cretaceous oceanic rifting.
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J. Webb, T. Spurling, and A. Finch. "Australia, Innovation and International Collaboration." Scientific Inquiry and Review 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/21/020101.
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Australia’s path to innovation began with the very early use of tools and cultivation by aboriginal communities. With the arrival of Europeans from 1788, innovation focused on supporting agricultural production and mineral extraction. More recently, Australian innovation has extended to include high technology products such as the Cochlea Ear and the production of plastic bank notes, developed through a strong foundation in fundamental science. Looking to the future, Australia has greatly expanded its international cooperation. Bibliometric data show strong growth in collaborative chemical research papers between chemists in Australia and those in China, greatly exceeding those with Japan and India, the next strongest partners in collaboration. The most productive areas of chemistry for international collaboration are physical chemistry and chemical engineering. Concerning Pakistan, bibliometric data show a dramatic growth in collaboration between Australian and Pakistani scientists. Data analysis support the benefits of international collaboration.
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Jonathan, Foster, Lum Carmel, and Williams Kerry. "Neuropsychology in Australia: A multidimensional perspective." Neuropsychologist 1, no. 8 (October 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsneur.2019.1.8.72.
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This paper reviews neuropsychology in a,nother major English speaking country, Australia,. It is written from a multidimensional perspective by an international multiethnic team that has trained and worked in neuropsychology in the UK, Canada and the US, as well as in Australia itself. In addition to reviewing training and practice in neuropsychology, the focus is on the development and application of the discipline 'down under' within a broader historical and cultural context. For many years, Australian neuropsychology was strongly influenced by its connections to the UK (e.g. via explicit linkages to the British Psychological Society) and North America. Over more recent decades, while remaining strongly connected to and influenced by larger English-speaking global academic and professional communities Australian neuropsychology has carved out a distinctive niche and has made significant international contribution in its own right.
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Ho, G., S. Dallas, M. Anda, and K. Mathew. "On-site wastewater technologies in Australia." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0346.
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Domestic wastewater reuse is currently not permitted anywhere in Australia but is widely supported by the community, promoted by researchers, and improvised by up to 20% of householders. Its widespread implementation will make an enormous contribution to the sustainability of water resources. Integrated with other strategies in the outdoor living environment of settlements in arid lands, great benefit will be derived. This paper describes six options for wastewater reuse under research by the Remote Area Developments Group (RADG) at Murdoch University and case studies are given where productive use is being made for revegetation and food production strategies at household and community scales. Pollution control techniques, public health precautions and maintenance requirements are described. The special case of remote Aboriginal communities is explained where prototype systems have been installed by RADG to generate windbreaks and orchards. New Australian design standards and draft guidelines for domestic greywater reuse produced by the Western Australian State government agencies for mainstream communities are evaluated. It is recommended that dry composting toilets be coupled with domestic greywater reuse and the various types available in Australia are described. For situations where only the flushing toilet will suffice the unique “wet composting” system can be used and this also is described. A vision for household and community-scale on-site application is presented.
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Beknazarova, Meruyert, Harriet Whiley, Rebecca Traub, and Kirstin Ross. "Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities." Pathogens 9, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050398.
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Both Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms are common soil-transmitted helminths in remote Australian communities. In addition to infecting humans, S. stercoralis and some species of hookworms infect canids and therefore present both environmental and zoonotic sources of transmission to humans. Currently, there is limited information available on the prevalence of hookworms and S. stercoralis infections in dogs living in communities across the Northern Territory in Australia. In this study, 274 dog faecal samples and 11 faecal samples of unknown origin were collected from the environment and directly from animals across 27 remote communities in Northern and Central Australia. Samples were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for the presence of S. stercoralis and four hookworm species: Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma braziliense and Uncinaria stenocephala. The prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was found to be 21.9% (60/274). A. caninum was the only hookworm detected in the dog samples, with a prevalence of 31.4% (86/274). This study provides an insight into the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworms in dogs and informs future intervention and prevention strategies aimed at controlling these parasites in both dogs and humans. A “One Health” approach is crucial for the prevention of these diseases in Australia.
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Sutarsa, I. Nyoman, Lachlan Campbell, and Malcolm Moore. "Rural Proofing Policies for Health: Barriers to Policy Transfer for Australia." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090338.
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A ‘rural proofing’ framework, which offers assessment of the potential impacts of policies on rural and remote communities, has been advocated for by state governments and interest groups throughout Australia. It is argued that rural proofing can be used to redress health inequities between urban and rural and remote communities. While implementation of rural proofing in some countries shows promising results, there are many social and spatial contexts that should be considered prior to its adoption in Australia. Rural proofing is not the best option for rural health policy in Australia. It has been imported from communities where the urban/rural divide is minimal. It is based on a rigid urban/rural binary model that targets disparity rather than accommodating the diversity of rural communities. Rural proofing concentrates on tick-the-box activities, where rural communities are not sufficiently consulted. There is no unified federal ministry in Australia with responsibility for rural and remote affairs. Considering potential shortcomings of rural proofing for health policies, it is imperative for Australia to have a specific rural health policy at both federal and state levels.
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Cumming, Suzanne. "Snow. A Natural History; an uncertain Future." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 3 (1998): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980273.
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Alpine and subalpine environments are extremely restricted in Australia, with the highest peaks of the Australian Alps occurring well below the theoretical altitudinal range necessary for a permanent snow cover. The alpine environment also suffers from a lack of continuity, emphasized by the break between the mainland and Tasmanian alpine communities. There is a major concern for the snow country of Australia and the organisms which inhabit, and are totally dependent on, the snow. These environments are under threat from predicted global warming from the enhanced greenhouse effect, leading to a loss of snow cover. Australia is facing the loss, not just of snow, but of the alpine ecosystem itself.
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Kendig, Hal, Anne-Marie Elias, Peter Matwijiw, and Kaarin Anstey. "Developing Age-Friendly Cities and Communities in Australia." Journal of Aging and Health 26, no. 8 (December 2014): 1390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314532687.
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Objective: The aim of the study is to present case studies and assess the impact of political, policy, consultative, and research processes used to implement Age Friendly Cities (AFC) initiatives in Australia. Method: A review and interpretation was conducted based on public documents, community consultations, survey analyses, and participant observation. Results: Governments in Australia have drawn on World Health Organization (WHO) concepts to establish AFC initiatives. In Melbourne, state political leadership established Positive Ageing plans that have reinforced local government actions. In Canberra, a baseline survey and an Older Persons Assembly were followed by modest positive ageing plans. In Sydney, a State Ageing Strategy developed a whole-of-government plan that has yet to be incorporated into budget processes. Discussion: AFC initiatives in Australia have had promising and varied starts with some aims to benefit disadvantaged older people. Notwithstanding the potential benefits, AFC influence on mainstream actions of government has been limited by uncertain political commitment and growing fiscal austerity.
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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 3. Annual liveweight gains from pasture based systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03098.
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The herd performance of 375 northern Australian beef producers during the 1991 and 1992 to 1995 and 1996 financial years was surveyed in 1996 and 1997. Estimates were made of annual liveweight gain from production systems based on native and improved pastures together with hormonal growth promotant use and supplementation practices. The most commonly used pasture communities for growing and finishing cattle were black speargrass and brigalow communities in Central Coastal Queensland and the Central Highlands; black speargrass in Northern Queensland; Mitchell grass and gidgee in Central Western and North-west Queensland; Mitchell grass in the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia regions and brigalow–softwood scrub in the Maranoa South West. There was considerable variation and overlap in the production ranges of the various pasture communities. The estimates and ranges of annual liveweight gains were comparable with measurements from scientific and commercial studies for 3 major pasture communities (black speargrass, brigalow and Mitchell grass). On this basis, the annual liveweight gain data are considered to represent sound estimates of performance from the pasture communities and husbandry systems in use in northern Australia. Mean annual gains for pasture communities in the more northern regions tended to be <150 kg/year. Half the survey group used hormonal growth promotants but use varied between regions with lowest levels in Central Coastal Queensland (30%) and highest usage in the Central Highlands (59%). Steers and bullocks were the most commonly implanted class of cattle. Supplementation periods tended to be longest in more northern regions. Nitrogen was a component of >90% of the supplements offered. The percentage of producers supplementing various classes of cattle varied widely (0–77%). Steers were often the least supplemented class and weaners were the most common. The highest percentage of producers (>68%) supplementing weaners was found in North-west and Northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia. Significant correlations explaining 3–23% of the variance were found between annual liveweight gain and latitude and/or longitude for native black speargrass and Mitchell grass pasture communities and improved brigalow pastures. Generally, annual liveweight gain increased with increasing latitude and longitude. The results are discussed in relation to herd management practices and sources of variation in the northern Australian production environment.
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Williams, Jacqueline. "Soils Governance in Australia: challenges of cooperative federalism." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2015.4173.
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This paper analyses soil governance in Australia and the challenges facing sustainable natural resource management within the context of a cooperative system of federation and a globalised market economy. With only 6 per cent of the Australian landmass considered arable, one would assume that protecting Australia’s valuable soil resource would be of national significance. However, Australia currently lacks nationally consistent policies and legal instruments to ensure that its soil is protected, maintained and enhanced for future generations. While recognising that soil governance is a broad discipline encompassing many areas of soil science and management, this discussion will only focus on the soil conservation aspects of sustainable ecosystems and sustainable food and fibre in Australia; it will not explore in depth issues of soil contamination and other pollution related areas. The paper discusses: the state of Australian soils and the managers of these resources; current soil governance in Australia (based on the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations definition); and a case study example of an Australian state approach to landuse conflict and the protection of agricultural lands. The paper highlights policies and institutional arrangements required for the protection of Australian soil and the very communities that are attempting to steward these resources for future generations.
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Hutchings, P. "Review of the effects of trawling on Macrobenthic Epifaunal communities." Marine and Freshwater Research 41, no. 1 (1990): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900111.
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This review summarizes the available information on the macrobenthic epifaunal communities in tropical areas of Australia, with regard to species composition and seasonal changes in these com- munities. A synopsis is given of the information available on their growth rates and reproduction, together with a consideration of the role they play within tropical marine communities. Little is known about this role. Changes in the composition of these communities that occur as a result of trawling are discussed, together with the factors that must be considered before plans of management can be drawn up and implemented. There is a paucity of information on macrobenthic epifaunal communities and their role in Australian tropical marine ecosystems.
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Walsh, Michael. "Ten postulates concerning narrative in Aboriginal Australia." Narrative in ‘societies of intimates’ 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.26.2.02wal.
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This article seeks to identify aspects of narratives in Aboriginal Australia, which are distinctive from narratives typical of non-Indigenous Australia, based on comments which have been made in previous academic publications about these linguistic communities. Anecdotally, people unfamiliar with Aboriginal narratives may comment that a story which a traditional Aboriginal audience will find entertaining and rewarding, appears to them to be unengaging, lacking point, or repetitive. One goal of this article is to uncover some of the expectations that these different audiences have about what constitutes a ‘good’ story. To differentiate traditional Aboriginal narratives from stories encountered in the wider Australian community, ten features distinctive of Aboriginal narrative are proposed.
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Lakra, V. "Telehealth in Australia." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1457.
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Introduction There is a significant psychiatry workforce shortage in Australia, particularly in rural and remote communities. Given the large distances involved, telehealth – providing consultation via videoconference – has been widely accepted. Psychiatrists were among the highest users of telehealth services in Australia before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 resulted in a major transformation to service delivery across Australia. Private psychiatrists and state public mental health services had to rapidly transition to largely telehealth delivery to ensure continuity of care for consumers. In March 2020, additional telehealth item numbers were added to the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to encourage physical distancing for those accessing medical services during the pandemic. Objectives To provide an overview of the increase in telehealth activity since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The MBS is the list of services for which the Australian Government will pay a rebate. Key data on MBS telehealth activity since March 2020 was examined. Results The use of telehealth has increased during the pandemic. A survey of Royal Australian and New College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) psychiatrists found that 93% supported retention of telehealth MBS item number numbers following the COVID-19 pandemic, noting increased accessibility for consumers. Positive feedback has been received from consumers. Conclusions During 2020 and 2021, the RANZCP worked with the Australian Government to ensure there were appropriate MBS telehealth services available for consumers. The RANZCP continues to work with the Government as they plan for a longer-term transformation of telehealth services beyond 2021. Disclosure No significant relationships.