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Academic literature on the topic 'Communisme – Opinion publique – 1900-1945'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Communisme – Opinion publique – 1900-1945"
Oberloskamp, Eva. "Fremde neue Welten : Die Wahrnehmung der Sowjetunion in den Reiseberichten deutscher und französischer Linksintellektueller zwischen den Weltkriegen." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040250.
Full textDurant les années de l’entre-deux-guerres, de nombreux intellectuels de gauche sont partis, pour la « nouvelle Russie », pleins de curiosité et d’espoir, afin de voir de leurs propres yeux la première tentative sérieuse de réaliser a�� grande échelle l’utopie du socialisme. Beaucoup d’entre eux n’ont pas cessé, après leur retour, de croire à la viabilité du projet bolchevique et ont pris ouvertement position en faveur de l’Union soviétique. Le présent travail analyse comment des intellectuels de gauche français et allemands ont perçu et jugé l’Union soviétique au cours de leurs voyages, et quels facteurs sous-tendaient ces perceptions et ces jugements. L’étude démontre que la plupart des intellectuels pris en compte n’étaient pas aveugles par rapport aux réalités soviétiques. Or, malgré les perceptions souvent critiques, de nombreux voyageurs ont adopté une attitude favorable, voire apologétique. Les perceptions et les jugements portés sur l’Union soviétique ne s’expliquent pas seulement par l’influence exercée de la part des hôtes soviétiques, mais aussi par les attentes qui étaient projetées sur la « nouvelle Russie » et par les schémas d’interprétation, les visions du monde et les idées et valeurs politiques qui étaient à la base des appréciations de l’URSS. La comparaison franco-allemande montre qu’il existait – en fonction de la culture politique respective – des voies très différentes menant à une attitude positive par rapport à l’expérience bolchevique
A large number of left-wing intellectuals travelled to the “New Russia” in the years between the two World Wars. They were full of curiosity and hope to see with their own eyes the first wide-ranging and serious attempt at realising Socialism. Well after their return many continued not only to believe in the feasibility of the Bolshevik experiment, but enthusiastically supported it. This study analyses how German and French left-wing intellectuals viewed the Soviet Union during their voyages and how their perceptions and assessments came about. It shows that most of the intellectuals assessed in this work were not blind to negative Soviet realities. But in spite of what they saw, they still assumed a positive, often even an apologetic position towards the Soviet Union. This cannot be explained simply by the manipulations of their Soviet hosts. Underlying reasons for such positions were the ideological preconceptions with which each approached the Soviet Union. The analysis reveals important differences in this regard between the French and German perspectives
Bourrinet, Philippe. "Aux origines du courant communiste international des conseils : la Gauche communiste hollandaise (1907-1950) : du tribunisme au conseillisme." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010553.
Full textThe 'dutch marxist school', a revolutionary current represented most by gorter and pannekoek, arrose at the turn of the century. In opposition to the 'reformism' and 'opportunism' of the 2. International, it was first supported by lenin, before he rebuffed them in 1920. During the german revolution (1918-21), they became the theoretical leaders of the "councils movement" (aau, kapd), standing up against unionism and parlamentarism. This communist 'dutch-german' left - hostile to the russian state policy - was expelled from komintern in 1921. The council communist current fought the 'party communism' and the 'state communism'. After 1933 this one 'withdrew' to the netherlands and took over the theoretical head of the concilist groups who had escaped from the german catastrophe. Hostile to any political organization, the dutch gic of pannekoek and canne-meijer disappeared in 1940. Despite a short revival in 1945 (spartacusbond), the dutch 'councilism' little by little faded away. After 1968 the councilism had a significant ideological influence by its rejection of all political and trade unionist apparatus of the 'old workers' movement', which the rank and file of the workers often criticise. 'Councilism' today has many similarities with the old anarchist current
Galloux-Fournier, Bernadette. "Voyageurs français aux Etats-Unis, 1919-1939 : contribution à l'étude d'une image de l'Amérique /." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0009.
Full textThe thesis can be divided into three parts : the first one describes the Franco-American relationships background during inter-war years. The historical context is analysed insisting on connexions between the two countries. Then the author try to mesure what French people knows about United States by literature, press, school or direct knowledge of the country. It springs out of this first part that, facing of convulsive European civilization, America sets up, an take a primary place in French opinion. The second part deals with transmission of knowledge about United States. It appears that written documents remain at that time, a major vector ; thus, books and articles abound on the subject. Now, studies, articles and narrations on America, published during inter-war years are, most often, consequences of one or several transatlantic travels. In this way, they appear as statements on United-States. The author tries, in front of the large amount and the diversity of these written documents, to classify them and to mesure their influence on French opinion. The third part lightens the contents of these statements ; they carry…
Blanchard, Pascal. "Nationalisme et colonialisme : Idéologie coloniale, discours sur l'Afrique et les Africains de la Droite nationaliste française, des années 30 à la Révolution Nationale." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010596.
Full textThe nationalist, reactionary, fascist and "maurrassienne" right elaborate from the 1930's a discourse and a spedifici ideology about the colonial attempt. Since 1880-1910 the nationalist right express an "anticolonialism" until its understanding of the empire during the 20's about which the final will be the imperial glorification, mainly during the Vichy period : the "revolution nationale". The purpose of this study is to present the structure and the influence of the colonial ideology of the "droites". In this outline, the main point studied is the france colonial domain of africa, which is the main concern of the different right parties from the 1920's to 1940-1944. Then it is underlined a "representation" of the Africa and the African natives during this period. This thesis is based upon the analysis of the printing press corpus which represent all the tendancies of the right, and also an investigation to a representative sample of the extreme right and at last this study of the literature during the period. This thesis underline the position of the french right in the colonial structure and its ascendancy on an important fringe of the politic opinion besides the left colonial "ideology" and the "parti colonial". We hope to show throw this study that the french extreme right has a specific colonial ideology and. .
Geiger, Wolfgang. "L'image de la France dans l'Allemagne hitlérienne et pendant l'après-guerre immédiat." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT3007.
Full textThis analysis of the image of france and the french is based on about a hundred of monographs (political and historical works, journalistic reports, memories of soldiers). Concerning the war period, we have also exploited the weekly das reich and special reviews as well as archive documents dealing with the perception of the french by the german authorities and with their cultural propaganda. The analysis demonstrates that until 1938, in the context of hitler's peace propaganda", different views of the french could coexist: first, friedrich sieburg's approach which was nevertheless marked by a sentiment of "love and hate", second, paul distelbarth's francophile approach (eclipsed by the defense of nazi germany in the french edition of his book); and third, the ethno-racism of the so-called "raciologues". But all tendencies agreed on the antithetical opposition between french and german "being", culminating in the idea that the french work for living whereas the german live for working. But different political judgements about the degree of "french guiltiness" in this war were opposing each other even in the propaganda writings of 1939 40. Behind the problems of tactics which dominated during the occupation of france, concerning the question of collaboration from the german point of view, the stereotypical perception of the french was intensified, but more than one author revealed a sentiment of ambiguity or even of "love and hate" in a sieburgian way, at least by being jealous of the status of the intellectuals and more generally of culture in france. Were the french able to change their attitude after german victory and under the pressure of collaboration, this was the question dominating the writings about vichy france. The last part of the thesis points out in which mesure many of these stereotypes persisted in occupied western germany, beyond the political turn of 1945
Baranek, Clara. "Entre sphère publique et sphères privées : la défaite communicationnelle du parti communiste polonais, 1945-1989." Grenoble 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE39002.
Full textLemonidou, Elli. "La Grèce vue de France pendant la première guerre mondiale, entre censure et propagandes." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040016.
Full textThis thesis examines the way in which France considered Greece during the First World War. It sets out to analyze the network of information on Greek issues that France established, as well as to define and evaluate the resulting influence that it had on the French attitude to Greece during the war. The question of “information” is one of the most complexes of the Great War because it raises controversial issues of propaganda and censorship. The French authorities resorted to propaganda in order to orientate and shape public opinion, while the tendency of other bodies such as the Press Bureau of the French Ministry of War was to control the flow of both national and foreign information and to conceal from the French some of the realities of the war. While studying the role and importance of French propaganda and censorship organizations, this work also considers propaganda developed in Greece, which was geared towards French public opinion. The purpose of this thesis is, through the specific example of how France perceived Greece during the Great War, to elucidate the nature of information during this period in history and to evaluate the extent in which it came to influence and dominate public opinion
DURAND, JEAN DANIEL DELBREIL JEAN CLAUDE. "L'OPINION MOSELLANE FACE A LA POLITIQUE ALLEMANDE JANVIER 1933 - SEPTEMBRE 1939 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1998/Durand.Jean_Daniel.LMZ9801.pdf.
Full textJesné, Fabrice. "Les nationalités balkaniques dans le débat politique italien, de l'Unité au lendemain des Guerres Balkaniques (1861-1913) : entre invention scientifique, solidarité méditerranéenne et impérialisme adriatique." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010612.
Full textBrüning, Franziska. "La France et Heinrich Brüning : un chancelier allemand dans la perception française." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL013.
Full textThe political role of Brüning is a classic topic mainly within German historical science. Research questions usually focus on his political options and constraints regarding domestic as well as foreign relations levels. It becomes apparent that France’s policy toward Brüning can be best described as a blockade policy. Brüning did not possess the diplomatic skills of Stresemann. As a result, despite the Locarno Agreement, both countries contributed to the deterioration of French-German relations. Research on France’s policy toward Germany usually centers on political, economical or strategic aspects. A crucial question in this context has thus far been omitted: How did the French assess the chancellor and how did this image of Brüning influence France’s policy toward Germany? The methodical approach in this paper is derived from research on international relations. This separate branch within historical science deals with the impact of images and perceptions on international relations and provides a theoretical framework for research on the difficult question of the influence of public opinion on the formulation of foreign policies. Our analysis shows that the whole of France shared a common perception of Brüning. It becomes evident that Brüning revived old French fears of Germany and that France lacked a consistent strategy for dealing with its neighbor. The Brüning government’s methods with regard to foreign affairs and the underestimating of the national socialist danger in France contributed to a situation where emotionally and culturally loaded reasoning within the French political discourse became the basis for the formulation of the foreign policy alignment