Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communism by region'
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Fox, Katy. "EU integration as reconfiguration of value : work and resourcefulness in the Southern Carpathian Mountains of Romania." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158872.
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My thesis focuses on agricultural livelihoods and EU integration in the Southern Carpathian Mountains of Romania. I analyse how the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was deployed by policy makers and elites in the first year after EU membership, and how it shaped the livelihood possibilities of tarani (peasants). Given the polarised nature of Romania’s post-socialist agrarian structure, the CAP excluded peasants from its policies, and demanded they change their exploatatii/ferme de subzistenta; (subsistence farms) into commercial farms. Arguing from the premise that ‘subsistence farms’ are actually gospodarii taranesti (peasant households) working on different principles from farms altogether, it was possible to inquire into the strategies people deployed resourcefully in their everyday work to keep making a living. I analyse EU integration as a modern political and economic project that seeks to make the radically complicated pathways of people and things ‘transparent’. I pursue the question of how the neoliberal expansion of economic rationality to all spheres of life shapes the actions of people. My ethnography captures the unease people felt in the face of the current transformation of value and illustrates how a much longer history of devaluing peasants has been taking place. It makes clear how the devaluation of peasants and their produce is part of a larger epistemological project of development and progress. My analytical framework enables me to show how the effects of polarisation and externalisation have had serious consequences for the ways people think about questions of freedom, success, merit and the ‘just state’ in Romania today. My research suggests the need for a broader epistemological shift in the face of crisis, from a dominance approach towards commons thinking.
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Slade, Gavin Victor. "Mafia and anti-mafia in the Republic of Georgia : criminal resilience and adaptation since the collapse of Communism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a0fdb4a-a671-4675-840d-dea296bc5272.
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'Thieves-in-law' (vory-v-zakone in Russian or kanonieri qurdebi in Georgian) are career criminals belonging to a criminal fraternity that has existed at least since the 1930s in the Soviet Gulag. These actors still exist in one form or another in post-Soviet countries and have integrated into transnational organised criminal networks. For reasons yet to be explicated, thieves-in-law became exceptionally prevalent in the Soviet republic of Georgia. Here, by the 1990s, they formed a mafia network where this means criminal associations that attempt to monopolize protection in legal and illegal sectors of the economy. In 2005, Mikhail Saakashvili, the current president of Georgia claimed that 'in the past 15 years ... Georgia was not ruled by [former President] Shevardnadze, but by thieves-in-law.' Directly transferring anti-organised crime policy from Italy and America, Saakashvili's government made reform of the criminal justice system generally and an attack on the thieves-in-law specifically a cornerstone of the Rose Revolution. New legislation criminalises the possession of the status of ‘thief-in-law’ and of membership of criminal associations that constitute what is known as the ‘thieves’ world’ (qurduli samkaro). Along with a sweeping reform of the police and prisons and a ‘culture of lawfulness’ campaign, Georgian criminal justice reforms since 2003 may be seen as the first sustained anti-mafia policy to be implemented in a post-Soviet country. It also appears to have been very successful. The longevity and sudden decline of the thieves-in-law in Georgia provides the main questions that the following study addresses: How do we account for changes in the levels of resilience to state attack of actors carrying the elite criminal status of ‘thief-in-law’? How has this resilience been so effectively compromised since 2005? Utilising unique access to primary sources of data such as police files, court cases, archives and expert interviews this thesis studies the dynamics of changing mafia activities, recruitment practices, and structural forms of a criminal group as it relates to changes in the environment and, in particular, the recent anti-organised crime policy.
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Wilkinson, J. Eric. "Community nurseries in Strathclyde region 1989-1992." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298268.
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Rusden, Sally Anne 1954. "Management of the community economic base as a strategy for economic development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276924.
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Application of economic base analysis at a multi-level scale illustrates the usefulness of this approach to tracking and measuring the economic flows and linkages between three defined areas. A census survey of employers in six rural communities of the White Mountain Region of Arizona is used to collect employment and sales data at a high level of specificity. These data serve as the basis for bifurcation of basic and nonbasic components necessary for estimating the multiplier. Measurement of these data determine the extent of economic dependence and spatial interaction which exist between communities, and between the region and the outside world. In addition, the study refines established procedures and applies a full range of adjustments to primary and secondary data sources to produce highly refined multipliers for the region and each community.
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Rojas, Rafael Oswaldo. "Grassroots organizations and markets two case studies in the Amazon region /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003322.
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Kazhura, Yury, Paulo Bento Maffei de Souza, and Heather Worosz. "Sustainable Community Development in the Baltic Sea Region." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2250.
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This study examines Sustainable Community Development (SCD) in the context of the Baltic Sea Region. The research focuses on understanding a model for SCD piloted in Robertsfors, Sweden. The model is said to be transferable to any community around the world. This study seeks to understand the concepts and tools used in the Robertsfors Model. It also examines whether the model is strategic with regards to sustainability and whether it is successful in engaging the local community around these issues. Considerations for transferability are also addressed, focusing specifically on the Eastern Baltic Sea Region. Opportunities for improving the model are also studied. A combination of secondary research, in the form of literature review and primary research (structured interviews and questionnaires) was used to explore these questions. Propositions about SCD and questions for further research emerged from this study.
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Bean, Molly Kate. "Community attachment and engagement in an exurban Ohio region." Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1247846054.
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Carvalheiro, Katia. "Community fire management in the Maraba Region, Brazilian Amazonia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005582.
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Yuen, Kwok-kuen Patrick, and 袁國權. "Macau Grand Prix international community." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984344.
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Metallic, Janine Elizabeth. "Understanding diabetes in a Cree community : a qualitative study." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82293.
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The purpose of this study was to explore aboriginal perspectives of diabetes, nutrition and health so as to eventually develop culturally-appropriate means of implementing diabetes prevention and intervention activities. The participants included community members living in an Eastern James Bay Cree community in northern Quebec. In this qualitative research study, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and participant observation were used for data collection. Key themes that emerged from analyzing the in-depth interviews were "re-presented" using "found poetry" so as to capture the participants' experiences and perspectives using their own words. Focus groups were carried out to share the initial findings from the in-depth interviews as well as to elicit additional feedback from the community.
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Mbuche, Joseph Kasu. "The perceptions of community members regarding reasons why HIV prevalence rate is high in Zambezi Region than in the other thirteen regions of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97922.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Republic of Namibia situated at the South West of Africa near Atlantic Ocean is a country in Sub-Saharan Africa region. It was divided into fourteen political administrative regions during the delimitation committee of 2013. Namibia has a population of 3 million according to the census report of 2011 (Census report 2011). The prevalence rate of HIV in Zambezi Region is higher than in other thirteen regions of Namibia. Zambezi Region is geographically located between the four SADC countries such as Zambia, Angola, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Trans–Caprivi high way is believed to contribute to the high prevalence rate of 37.7 % according to the sentinel survey report of pregnant women of 2012.The traditional beliefs and customs are affecting HIV/AIDS programmes that are implemented in the region by stakeholders and the Ministry of Health and Social Services. Namibia as a country since 1992 to 2014 has conducted sentinel surveys among pregnant women and National testing days from 2008 to find out how to address HIV and AIDS epidemic in the country. Zambezi Region according to the sentinel survey reports has the highest HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women than the other thirteen regions. The reasons that are causing the high prevalence rate of HIV in this part of the country are not yet know to the citizens. The researcher in this research has used the qualitative approach method, to investigate the perceptions of community members regarding reasons of higher HIV prevalence rate in Zambezi Region. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling in all six constituencies of the region in which 30 participants of 15 females and 15 males were interviewed. The semi - structured interview qualitative method was used to collect data from respondents. This study is the eye opener as the reasons that are contributing to the high HIV prevalence rate in Zambezi Region have been discovered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar
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Hale, Angela. "Community management of water resources in the southern region, Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh161.pdf.
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BELVILLE, DARA SUE. "REGION - COMMUNITY - PLACE: A CULTURAL MUSEUM CENTER IN SOUTHEASTERN OHIO." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1053612447.
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Olson, Michael. "Technology access for community-based rehabilitation programs in Region V." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000olsonm.pdf.
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Belville, Dara. "Region - community - place a cultural museum center in southeastern Ohio /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1053612447.
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Walker, Glenn. "Making a community : land policy in the Kawartha Lakes." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98592.
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Between the mid-eighteenth and the mid-nineteenth centuries, the Crown coordinated a revolution in land usage in the Kawartha Lakes, as elsewhere in the colony, through 'civilization' and land redistribution. Attempts to change native society and build settler communities did not quite unfold the way the government intended. 'Civilization' helped the Mississauga farm and taught skills that eased interaction with colonial society, but they continued to produce much of their food by traditional means. Speculation isolated settlers and made land acquisition more difficult, though some speculators provided essential services. Most immigrants bought land privately and many were not able to establish themselves as farmers. Preferential grants were particularly poor at distributing land to settlers and Crown or Clergy Reserves sales were much more likely to transfer property directly to users. The transition to agricultural land usage occurred largely through the state's mediation of conflicting claims to access.
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Brisson, Stéphanie. "Labor access and unequal land holdings among peasant farmers in a lowland and upland community of the Peruvian Amazon." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19549.
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Researchers recognize the need to better understand the factors influencing indigenous land use in order to design sustainable tropical forest management programs. A key relationship that has been long overlooked in peasant societies is the one between communal labor access through social networks and land acquisition/accumulation. This study examines land distribution and labor patterns in traditional agriculture of a lowland and a upland community on the Maranon River near Iquitos, Peru. Data were gathered through household interviews (n=76) and field visits (n=396) between June and November 2001. Results reveal marked variations in access to land and communal labor between and within communities. Household age, initial land wealth and initial inputs of labor are crucial in explaining land and labor inequalities within villages. This research contributes to a better understanding of the factors that give rise to local heterogeneity in wealth holdings and livelihood strategies, necessary tools to promote conservation throughout the region and beyond.
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McGehee, Nancy G. "Effects of tourism-related cooperatives on community development in Appalachia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43444.
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Rising poverty rates, increases in joblessness, and the depletion of traditional means of livelihood (such as agriculture and large industry), are all forces working to diminish the ability for the rural Appalachian to make a living (Appalachian Regional Commission, 1993). Many rural development professionals interested in cultivating new options are including the concept of the cooperative as a tool for economic development. However, there is some controversy over whether the cooperative form of organization is an optimal method of economic development for rural America. The same had been said about tourism as a contributor to economic development. This thesis uses case study analysis to examine three current cooperatives and their contributions to the community, using a Weberian lens of formal versus substantive rationality. Results indicated a tentative relationship between amount and type of contributions of the tourism-related cooperative organization and type of rationality for its existence.Master of Science
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Jung, Thomas S. "Habitat use by a forest-dwelling bat community in the northern Great Lakes region." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33008.
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To examine bat - habitat relationships, ultrasonic detectors were used to sample bat activity among: old-growth white pine (Pinus strobus ), mature white pine, boreal mixedwood, and selectively-cut white pine stands in central Ontario. Within the stands, bats were sampled in the canopy, the understory layer, and within canopy gaps. Forest structure was measured within each of the stands. The activity of bats was compared among forest stand types, within the stands, and in relation to forest structure. Also, maintaining forest wildlife populations requires data on the use of snags (i.e. dead trees). To provide further resolution of the habitat requirements of forest-dwelling bats, radio telemetry and exit counts were used to investigate the roosting ecology of mouse-eared bats (Myotis lucifugus and M. septentrionalis). Characteristics of snags used by mouse-eared bats were compared with randomly located snags and random geographic points, at three spatial scales (focal tree, surrounding forest, and landscape). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Kazhura, Yury, Heather Worosz, and Paulo Bento Maffei de Souza. "Kommunal hållbar utveckling i Baltik havets region." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för matematik och naturvetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2251.
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This study examines Sustainable Community Development (SCD) in the context of the Baltic Sea Region. The research focuses on understanding a model for SCD piloted in Robertsfors, Sweden. The model is said to be transferable to any community around the world. This study seeks to understand the concepts and tools used in the Robertsfors Model. It also examines whether the model is strategic with regards to sustainability and whether it is successful in engaging the local community around these issues. Considerations for transferability are also addressed, focusing specifically on the Eastern Baltic Sea Region. Opportunities for improving the model are also studied. A combination of secondary research, in the form of literature review and primary research (structured interviews and questionnaires) was used to explore these questions. Propositions about SCD and questions for further research emerged from this study.Den här magister uppsats berättar on hållbar kommunal utveckling i Blatik havet region.
Postal address: Götgatan 58 11826 Stockholm; mobil: 0734-434149, e-mail: koyurygen1@yahoo.com
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Scharnberg, Larry Duane. "Zooplankton Community Structure in Lakes Near Mt. St. Helens, WA." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5050.
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Eighteen lakes around Mt. St. Helens (MSH) were sampled for zooplankton from September '92 until September '94. Samples were enumerated and identified to the species level in most cases. Standard deviation and t-tests were performed to determine the precision of enumeration methods and replication of duplicate tows. Palatability indexes based upon predator preferences were developed and coupled with length-frequency analyses as indicators of predation pressure. The weighted means of the summer samples were then subjected to cluster analysis in an attempt to categorize lakes with respect to zooplankton community structure. Lastly, the community compositions and abundances of MSH lakes were compared to those in lakes on Mt. Rainier and Mt. Hood in an attempt to assess recovery of MSH lakes from the 1980 eruption. Results of analyses indicate the presence of three distinct groups of lakes: 1) A group of lakes with heavy predation resulting in simplified zooplankton communities dominated by Keratella, Ke/licottia, and sometimes cyclopoid species. Predation in these instances can be attributed to extremely high fish or Chaoborus abundance. 2) A second group of lakes characterized by great depth, high transparency, significant abundances of Diaptomus kenai, and moderate to light fish predation. These lakes support balanced zooplankton communities with substantial proportions of Daphnid and calanoid specimens attaining large size. Significant indications of size-specific niche differentiation among the cladocerans are notably absent from these first two groups. 3) A third group consists of lakes which appear to be more productive than the other two groups. This group has higher biovolumes of zooplankton in general, coexistence of several different sized cladoceran species, the highest diversity indices of all the lakes sampled, and moderate predation as indicated by length-frequency analysis. Two conclusions are drawn from the data. First, it appears that predation and primary productivity are both significant factors affecting the abundance and composition of MSH zooplankton communities. Additionally, these data document a significant overlap in zooplankton species in lakes near Mt. Rainier and Mt. Hood, suggesting that the zooplankton communities in lakes around MSH have recovered from the effects of the 1980 eruption.
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Wren, John C. "Rural region community cooperation, a Fast Track vocational technical education programme." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ55727.pdf.
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Birhanu, Tadesse Amsalu. "Community-based rehabilitation of degraded woodland in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415676.
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In the Amhara region of Ethiopia, the government has promoted a range of forestry initiatives aimed at rehabilitation of degraded land and provision of forest products. This research examined household attitudes and technical and institutional aspects of the programmes to determine how they could more effectively improve rural livelihoods and increase environmental sustainability. Households surveyed in nine villages (Kebeles) practiced mixed subsistence farming; asset endowments were variable among households, despite the government’s assumption that all households are similarly motivated to participate in forestry interventions. The majority (82%) of households plant trees on their land; the level of private tree planting is positively correlated with several wealth indicators (e.g., livestock ownership, surplus labour) and frequency of contact with an extension agent. Household tree planting activities are also influenced by Kebele-level attributes, for example, access to forest nurseries and the type of forestry intervention present in the Kebele. Household proximity to the woodland and agro-ecological potential has no effect on tree planting activities; open grazing constrains tree growing in the region. All three types of rehabilitation intervention examined (i.e., community woodlots, hillside closures, land allocation) were implemented on degraded communal land; the opportunity costs of the interventions, in terms of loss of access, have been felt more deeply by households located near intervention sites than those at a distance. Interventions managed by user groups or directly by participants are viewed more positively than those led by local government authorities (the Kebele Administrations, KA). Lack of community involvement in design and decision-making, and an underuse of products and revenue generated from community woodlots are common features in KA-led interventions.
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Keatley, R. W. M. "Deaf people in Western Region, Kenya : language, community and HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1492683/.
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Kenya is contending with a very serious and shifting HIV/AIDS epidemic with marginalized communities, like the Deaf community, traditionally beyond the reach of public health campaigns remaining very much at risk of infection. Whilst some research has considered the sexual and reproductive health needs of the Deaf community, there is a paucity of information about the various subgroups within the deaf population, particularly those marginalized deaf individuals who are on the fringes of the community. This study explored how much deaf Kenyans know about HIV/AIDS compared to their hearing compatriots in Western Region, Kenya. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected by means of a survey questionnaire administered through semi-structured interviews from a total sample of 160 people, including 82 deaf and 78 hearing people from five counties in Western Region. Data was analysed by means of theme content analysis (qualitative data) and descriptive statistics (quantitative data). The results showed that there are generally lower levels of awareness and uncertainty of knowledge about HIV transmission and HIV prevention in the deaf population as compared to the hearing community with isolated deaf individuals having less awareness and knowledge compared to their deaf compatriots living in urban areas or as part of a Deaf community. This study has the potential to make a valuable contribution to how people view deafness in developing countries. Too often, the assumption is that deaf people are a homogenous group, conversant with local sign language and Deaf culture. However, this study found that whilst deaf people may be an at risk group, isolated homesigners are a sub-group who appear to have less language and information about HIV/AIDS and this fact may be putting them at greater risk of HIV infection, and thereby making them even more at risk than an already ‘at risk’ group.
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Spicer, Jason S. (Jason Simpson). "Appalachia's new region-wide CDFI : building local community with global capital?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90104.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 115-122).
The Appalachian Regional Commission is currently working with a major foundation on the development of a new regional Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI), Appalachian Community Capital. By connecting Appalachia's small businesses to large external investors, will this CDFI bring more community development capital into the region, and help alleviate poverty? Or, as the neoliberal era deepens into the "Age of Austerity", is this but the latest use of market logic to attempt to solve public, political problems, fraught with the shortcomings of such an approach? I argue that the new CDFI may bring capital into the region. But because it does so using market logic, it cannot ensure that the money will go to the neediest areas, or that it will be invested in a manner which actually creates jobs for existing residents, in locally owned businesses (thereby keeping profit in the region), or in sustainable industries. It also cannot address the problems posed by a dysfunctional civic culture, in part the legacy of big coal's historic corporate paternalism and subsequent disinvestment, as corrupt local elites "other" the mostly white mountain poor as an intractable, permanent underclass. Further, even if the new entity could surmount these issues, I argue that it does not address the underlying challenge: the ongoing outflow of capital out of the region. Due to both regulatory barriers and industry economies of scale, institutional and individual investors ship most of Appalachia's capital out to major national financial centers, where it is disbursed around the world. These levels of exported capital stock dwarf the small volumes of community development capital that any CDFI might hope to reinvest locally. For the region's poverty level to decline, this challenge might be addressed through the removal of regulatory barriers and creation of local institutions and investment platforms to invest both community development capital specifically, and other forms of capital, as well. These institutions and platforms may not be most appropriately constructed at the geographic scale of the Appalachian region, given the economic diversity in the region, and given the value-laden history of the social construction of the term Appalachia itself.
by Jason S. Spicer.
M.C.P.
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Ekman, Ann-Kristin. "Community carnival and campaign : expressions of belonging in a Swedish region /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of social anthropology, University of Stockholm, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35514973s.
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Leonard, Brenda Gail. "Administrators' perceptions of enrollment trends of urban community colleges located in the southern region /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Feng, Jing, and 冯婧. "Fringe community: community for migrants in Beijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50703249.
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Thorne, Colin Stanley. "Implementation of community policing within the Brisbane Metropolitan North Police Region : issues and problems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15945/1/Colin_Thorne_Thesis.pdf.
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Abstract The role of policing within western democratic countries has become increasingly clouded. This nebulous role of policing has been impacted upon by such issues as, the diversity and complexity of social change, the advances achieved within the technology field and the increasing amount of legislation that has been passed in an endeavour to accommodate such changes. Over the decades these developments have required policing organisations to shift their focus from the original crime prevention in conjunction with community collaboration to one which is predominantly incident driven and enforcement focused. Through the adoption of various strategies utilising technology, beginning with the motor vehicle, the police organisation has also progressively widened the gap between itself and the community being policed. With the widening of this gap such traits as trust, familiarity, co-operation and information exchange between the two parties has declined. This appears to have a domino effect on the fear of crime and social disorder within the community, thus impacting on the quality of life of community members. Within recent decades some of the traditional policing practices - including random preventive patrol, rapid response and the need for additional police because of increasing crime - have been questioned and researched. The findings of these research projects have not supported the effectiveness of such policing strategies. The role of policing, thus comes into question and a return to the historical role of policing espoused when Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan Police and drafted the Principles of Policing, which was issued to each newly appointed constable, is being revisited. This has been promoted in the form of the 'community policing' concept. This community policing concept is stated as consisting of three core components - personalised policing through a police officer being stationed within a set geographic area; police-community partnership and problem-solving. However, in order to establish and maintain a viable partnership, both parties must participate and be aware of what the partnership entails. Similarly, with problem-solving both the community and police must identify and prioritise the local community problems. Both of these core components are bonded together through the appointment of a police officer within the community providing personalised policing. This shift in policing focus would necessitate changes both within the police organisation and the community itself. It must be remembered that the reactive, incident driven model of policing has been in existence for several decades and changing such a model will require some time. Thus, the effective implementation of community policing requires an agreement as to what community policing means and then a marketing and training program so that at the outset both parties are on an equal footing. As for the problem solving component of community policing, the parties to the partnership need to accommodate the differing foci of the opposite party. From the policing perspective, this requires accepting input from the community rather than maintaining a controlling demeanour. The police therefore, need to adopt an approach espoused by Wilson and Kelling (1982) in their article titled, 'Broken Windows: The Police and Neighbourhood Safety' which has been discussed in several literary works dealing with the community policing concept [Edwards 2001; Kenney (ed) 1989; Trojanowicz & Bucqueroux 1994]. The community also needs to be involved and this can be achieved initially, by maintaining support and enthusiasm for the community policing activities initiated. The success of implementing community policing relies on the adoption of the core components. The two community policing components, police-community partnership and problem-solving are impacted on by the third core component of personalised policing within a particular area. The personalised policing component is the need to have stable and reasonably enduring police personnel deployed to respective community locales. By adding this factor to the community policing components there is provided a degree of continuity and thus both parties develop a degree of familiarity which can lead to trust and confidence. The implementation of community policing to this extent needs to be holistically addressed through the police organisational dimensions, namely the philosophical, the strategic and the programmatic. Through these dimensions a comprehensive development of the community policing concept can be undertaken.
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Thorne, Colin Stanley. "Implementation of Community Policing within the Brisbane Metropolitan North Police Region: Issues and Problems." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15945/.
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Abstract The role of policing within western democratic countries has become increasingly clouded. This nebulous role of policing has been impacted upon by such issues as, the diversity and complexity of social change, the advances achieved within the technology field and the increasing amount of legislation that has been passed in an endeavour to accommodate such changes. Over the decades these developments have required policing organisations to shift their focus from the original crime prevention in conjunction with community collaboration to one which is predominantly incident driven and enforcement focused. Through the adoption of various strategies utilising technology, beginning with the motor vehicle, the police organisation has also progressively widened the gap between itself and the community being policed. With the widening of this gap such traits as trust, familiarity, co-operation and information exchange between the two parties has declined. This appears to have a domino effect on the fear of crime and social disorder within the community, thus impacting on the quality of life of community members. Within recent decades some of the traditional policing practices - including random preventive patrol, rapid response and the need for additional police because of increasing crime - have been questioned and researched. The findings of these research projects have not supported the effectiveness of such policing strategies. The role of policing, thus comes into question and a return to the historical role of policing espoused when Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan Police and drafted the Principles of Policing, which was issued to each newly appointed constable, is being revisited. This has been promoted in the form of the 'community policing' concept. This community policing concept is stated as consisting of three core components - personalised policing through a police officer being stationed within a set geographic area; police-community partnership and problem-solving. However, in order to establish and maintain a viable partnership, both parties must participate and be aware of what the partnership entails. Similarly, with problem-solving both the community and police must identify and prioritise the local community problems. Both of these core components are bonded together through the appointment of a police officer within the community providing personalised policing. This shift in policing focus would necessitate changes both within the police organisation and the community itself. It must be remembered that the reactive, incident driven model of policing has been in existence for several decades and changing such a model will require some time. Thus, the effective implementation of community policing requires an agreement as to what community policing means and then a marketing and training program so that at the outset both parties are on an equal footing. As for the problem solving component of community policing, the parties to the partnership need to accommodate the differing foci of the opposite party. From the policing perspective, this requires accepting input from the community rather than maintaining a controlling demeanour. The police therefore, need to adopt an approach espoused by Wilson and Kelling (1982) in their article titled, 'Broken Windows: The Police and Neighbourhood Safety' which has been discussed in several literary works dealing with the community policing concept [Edwards 2001; Kenney (ed) 1989; Trojanowicz & Bucqueroux 1994]. The community also needs to be involved and this can be achieved initially, by maintaining support and enthusiasm for the community policing activities initiated. The success of implementing community policing relies on the adoption of the core components. The two community policing components, police-community partnership and problem-solving are impacted on by the third core component of personalised policing within a particular area. The personalised policing component is the need to have stable and reasonably enduring police personnel deployed to respective community locales. By adding this factor to the community policing components there is provided a degree of continuity and thus both parties develop a degree of familiarity which can lead to trust and confidence. The implementation of community policing to this extent needs to be holistically addressed through the police organisational dimensions, namely the philosophical, the strategic and the programmatic. Through these dimensions a comprehensive development of the community policing concept can be undertaken.
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Mah, Victor Agha-Ah. "Sustainability of community-managed projects in the North West Region of Cameroon." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/8266.
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There is wide recognition among contemporary researchers that sustaining community-managed projects in rural areas remains a herculean challenge. Empirical evidence shows that about 65% of community-managed projects in sub-Saharan Africa including Cameroon are not sustainable. Community management is one of the strategies widely adopted by project providers at grassroots levels to ensure the sustainability of community projects, yet sustaining these projects after the depature of donor agency has remained a difficult task. It was in furtherance of this approach that this study set out to gain insights into why sustaining community-managed projects in the NWRC after being handed down to the grassroots has proven to be challenging despite the widespread popularity of community management as a bottom-top development strategy that allows grassroots community members to have overall support for their project ongoing operations. The study was guided by five objectives, and data were collected through 4 focus group discussions held with projects end-users, 12 interviews granted to project committee staffs, traditional authorities and political elite. Additional data were gathered through a survey questionnaire administered to 77 respondents in the four chosen community-managed project sites, documentary review and on-the-spot appraisal of projects. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data paved the way for the drawing up of meaningful conclusions and suggestions of ways to improve the sustainability of community-managed projects in the NWRC. What emerges from the data collected, analysed and interpreted enabled the study to conclude that the strategies adopted so far by community project providers in the NWRC were not effective. The implementation of these projects disregarded the traditional beliefs and practices of end-users and engendered loss of access to shrines, groves and forest-based or water-based resources without providing alternatives. The findings equally show that increasing temperature and reducing amount of rainfall result in a greater incidence of bushfires, which threaten the sustainability of some community-managed projects. Handing down project management to a local community is not synonymous with sustainability. If community-managed projects are to be sustainable, they require the project end-users to have a real sense of ownership and control over the project‟s ongoing operations as well as an increase in governance capacity and environmentally friendly practices.
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Okon, Uduak Akpan. "ICTs and sustainable community development in the Niger delta region of Nigeria." Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537506.
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K, C. Birendra. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF COMMUNITY FORESTS IN MID HILLS REGION OF NEPAL." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/8.
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This research looks at some issues confronting community forestry in Nepal. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to analyze the issues confronting community forestry in mid hills region of Nepal. Results indicate that experts as well as local community users think positive aspects of community forestry to be more important than its negative aspects. In addition, through the comparison of three forest types, Alnus nepalensis found to be the most important forest type for conservation and Schima-Castanopsis to be the most important forest type for local benefits. Similarly, results also indicate that increase in carbon prices lengthen an optimal rotation age. Also, Land Expectation Value (LEV) increases substantially with the increase in carbon prices.
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Klevins, John Lewis Mr. "Mental Health Treatment for the Elderly Community in a Central California Region." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/646.
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There is a national, state and local concern that focuses upon the rapid growth of our elder population as well as those within the cohort that suffer with mental illness. However, other than the numerous Alzheimer’s related headlines, there is little national or state consideration being given to non-dementia-related elder mental illnesses. The lack of existing mental health service programs to assist the elderly community merits attention. The Constructionist paradigm was the basis for this study, due to its reliance upon recognized leaders in the field engaging in an interactive group process. These leaders included politicians, governmental agencies, non-profit organizations, and other community leaders. Outcomes from this study produced five action oriented initiatives: Leadership, Funding Campaign, Elder Sensitivity Campaign, Enhancement of Existing Programs, and New Program Expansion. These initiatives, if implemented, could drive change and positively affect the elderly population with mental illness within this central California county research site.
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Rothgeb, Ray D. "An exploratory study of community college Assessment-of-Learning Programs in the higher learning commission region." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/679.
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Aldrich, Michelle D. "The impact of community leadership education on women in the Rocky Mountain region." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1276396331&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Egbe, Daniel Enonnchong. "The Global Mediterranean Policy : the evolution of the EU-Mediterranean countries relations during 1976-1998 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9998481.
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Blavascunas, Eunice L. "The peasant and communist past in the making of an ecological region : Podlasie, Poland /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Plicková, Kamila. "Komunitní přístupy k rozvoji obcí, měst a regionů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264204.
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The main aim of the thesis Community based approaches to development of municipalities is to evaluate the extent and quality of the use of community and participatory approaches to planning of development in the current decision-making at the local level. The first part focuses on the introduction of the theoretical concepts whose real application is shown on practical examples of Czech and foreign experience. Community methods do not have a long tradition in the Czech Republic and the transfer of the experience from the western world allows a further development in this area. The second part of the thesis is focused on participatory approaches in more detail, known and most commonly used methods of public involvement in planning and decision making, describes a participatory process, its troubles and problematical points. There is a case study included in the thesis focused on evaluation of the approach of the Prague 10 municipality to engage the population, its impact and consequences.
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Leitch, Alison. "The killing mountain : work, gender and politics in an Italian marble quarrying community." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1993. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27317.
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The first two chapters focus on the claims quarry workers make about the
independence and unique status o f their work. The first chapter historically
contextualizes and describes the organization of the production o f marble in Carrara.
One of my main aims here is to illuminate the idiosyncratic features o f marble
quarrying within a cross cultural perspective. The first half concentrates on the
quarries, the history of the technology of marble production and the contemporary
work process. In the second section I look more closely at the organization o f the
marble industry and patterns o f ownership. The second chapter turns to a closer
examination o f the labour force where I look at the processes o f recruitment, the
division o f labour and work conditions. I conclude this chapter with a discussion o f
the hierarchy o f skill and the continuing importance of notions of craft and skill to
work identities, despite recent transformations in the work process.
The third chapter deepens this discussion by further analysing workers’
perceptions o f their work and their cultural constructions o f work identity. In
particular, I explore the ways in which quarry workers contrast practical knowledge
and skills embodied through the work experience with the more technical and
scientific knowledge o f outside experts. This leads to an examination o f quarry
language as an expression o f work and gender identity, and an argument that the
experience o f work itself is an important and often neglected arena o f social analysis
in contemporary debates about work.
The history o f occupational injury in the quarries is the focus o f chapter four.
In detailing the risks of work and the high rate o f injury, I suggest that injury is a
normal consequence o f the work process in an inherently dangerous work
environment, but through an analysis o f labour rhetoric and the close examination o f
an event known as the “ Bettogli Disaster” , I argue that the conditions o f risk are as
much socially and culturally constructed ideas as material realities. In opposition to
current sociological and psychological models o f occupational health and safety, I
argue that the risks o f injury and body mutilation constitute an important arena for
the construction o f work identities which in turn, contribute to apparently
contradictory responses to questions of safety in the quarries. The chapter concludes
with a discussion o f the experience o f death as an expression o f class and gender
identity.
This last theme is further explored in chapter five, which is broadly concerned
with the relationship between home and work. Here I coin the term “ the economy of
fear” to describe to the ways in which women emotionally manage fear, in a
community where death and body mutilation is a frequent and catastrophic event.
This chapter also analyses the roles of women within the household and the political
culture of the village and examines the processes of female exclusion and domestic
containment through constructions of femininity in a gendered work culture.
The concluding chapter uses historical and literary texts to discuss the
association of Carrara in the national imagination of Italy with a long tradition of
anarchism. In these texts a causal relationship is often drawn between work in the
marble quarries and the survival of anarchism as a political tradition. While not
wanting to negate the empirical and historical reality of anarchism in Carrara, I
conclude that some writers, Italian labour historians in particular, have
misinterpreted the connections between the organization of marble production and
anarchism.
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Olive, Nicole Christine. "Assessing Children\'s Restaurant Menus in a Health Disparate Region." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23156.
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Obesity is an increasing problem in the United States with 17% of youth currently classified as obese and an even higher prevalence of obesity among disadvantaged populations. The food environment may be contributing to these high rates as there has been a well documented association among increased away from home food consumption and excess adiposity, as well as evidence to support that children\'s diets are composed of a large portion of restaurant foods. The main purpose of this study is to describe the quality of restaurant food offered to children in a rural health disparate region. Two trained research assistants conducted systematic audits of all food outlets offering a children\'s menu in the Dan River region using the Children\'s Menu Assessment (CMA) tool. A composite score for each outlet for was calculated from the 29 scored items on the CMA. The total sample consisted of 137 outlets with CMA scores ranging from -4 to 9 with a mean score of 1.6+2.7. Scores were lowest in the predominantly Black block groups (0.2+0.4) when compared to the predominately White block groups (1.4+1.6) and Mixed block groups (2.6+2.4) with significantly lower scores in the predominantly Black block group than the Mixed block groups (F=4.3; p<0.05). The results of this study reveal a lack of few healthy food options available for children in this region. These findings have the potential to contribute to public health efforts in developing public policy changes or environmental interventions for the children\'s food environment in the Dan River Region.Master of Science
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Carlon, Colleen Mary. "Speaking Back to Theory: Community development practices in the south west region of Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1829.
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This thesis explores how everyday knowledge of community development practices can inform the theorising of community development in Australia. The literature of community development offers a rich source for understanding and explaining the tensions and dilemmas of collective endeavour in context, yet arguments for particular approaches to community development can serve to evaluate practice in context. In this research, however, case studies are positioned as a source of knowledge. The power of case studies lies in their ability to portray collective action and collective action is what differentiates community development from other approaches to problems. The capacity to work in context is also pivotal to community development and case studies are adept at showcasing practice in context.
The research reported in this thesis uses case studies of community development practices in the south west region of Western Australia to explore ways in which theoretical arguments for particular approaches to practice represent community development in the literature. A multiple case study design is used to establish twelve cross-case findings about how community development happens in four local communities. Each case is focused on the community development practice of a community group from the south west region of Western Australia. The thesis reports how the four community groups practice community development and then explores how the knowledge of these communities can inform the theorising of community development in the Australian context.
The research found that the case studies have the potential to inform the theorising of community development in ten different ways; for example, through unsettling the idea of the bottom-up approach to community development, by identifying the ‘threat’ that context may pose to the tenets of community development, and by unmasking the imperceptibility of process. The research also highlights ways in which community development practices are storied in the literature and offers fresh insights into the obligations of the narrator of community development stories. The thesis concludes by arguing that greater integration between case studies and theoretical propositions for practice, could reinvigorate the way the literature supports and encourages community development practices in the Australian context.
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Woodley, S. B. (Susan B. ). "Community based tourism in Kimmirut, Baffin Island, Nunavut : regional versus local attitudes." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29846.
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Nunavut has experienced significant growth in tourism since the 1980s, and ecotourism has all but become policy in the region. With the recent thrust in tourism literature suggesting that tourism research furthers the industry's development in communities, it is timely that more studies examine the tourism industry in the changing face of 'Nunavut'. This thesis is a case study presentation of a Nunavut community's experience with tourism. The research examines the changes and restructuring that have come about in the tourism industry since the signing of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, and whether community-controlled tourism is facilitated by these changes.The results of this research indicate that the basic needs of Kimmirut residents are not being met by current tourism policy. The community's entrepreneurial spirit and willingness to host tourists are not being fully recognized by industry and government, although the desire on behalf of the latter exists.
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Manzi, Maya. "Peasant adaptation to environmental change in the Peruvian Amazon : livelihood responses in an Amerindian and a non-Amerindian community." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83193.
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One of the primary challenges facing researchers and practitioners in their efforts to address issues of poverty and environment is the need to deepen our understanding of the logic that guides local people's decisions over resource use, particularly among the rural poor whose livelihoods depend on fragile and dynamic environments. This study seeks to identify the set of factors that influences how rainforest people respond to abrupt natural disturbances and resource scarcity through changes in livelihood and resource management practices in two rural poor communities of the Peruvian Amazon. Data were gathered through in-depth survey interviews (n=95 households) between June and December 2003 in the Amerindian community of Arica Viejo (Ucayali River) and the mestizo (ribereno) community of Roca Fuerte (Maranon River). The results reveal that socioeconomic characteristics such as forest experience and knowledge, and access to agricultural land explain striking differences among households in livelihood responses to environmental change, particularly concerning resource use behavior, resilience to disturbance, and the propensity to adopt sustainable resource management strategies.
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Nindi, Angelique Gugulethu. "The feasibility of monetary integration within the SADC region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002756.
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The Southern African Development Community (SADC) aims to have a regional central bank by 2016 and a common currency by 2018. The member states are at the early stages of the process of regional economic integration, having launched a free trade area in 2008. Monetary integration is an advanced stage of regional economic integration that requires progressive changes in the participating countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of monetary integration within the SADC countries and hence, provide policy recommendations to guide the integration process. To accomplish this, the study analyses the extent to which the member states meet the criteria for an optimum currency area (OCA) as well as the degree to which their economies are converging. The study finds that the main macroeconomic objectives of SADC countries differ due to a difference in the relative importance of monetary policy instruments in member states, which influences each country’s commitment towards achieving the macroeconomic convergence targets and harmonising policies. A more appropriate approach to macroeconomic convergence would be to allow for variable speed, geometry and depth in each country as premature adherence to convergence targets could prevent a harmonisation of the economies in the future and possibly destabilise the union. In addition, the study investigates the importance and similarities of the monetary aggregate channel, the interest rate channel, the exchange rate channel and the credit channel in the transmission of monetary policy using VAR analysis. This is important when considering monetary integration because differences in transmission mechanisms can result in asymmetric behaviour between member states, which in turn will prevent harmonisation of their economies. The results of the analysis suggest that SADC member states display asymmetries in their responses to monetary policy shocks as well as the relative importance of transmission mechanisms. In addition, the results suggest that national monetary policy is generally inefficient in determining economic performance in the member states. Furthermore, the study finds that the failure to meet the OCA criteria implies that the SADC member states will respond asymmetrically to shocks within a monetary union. With no effective alternative adjustment mechanisms in place, the effects of the shocks will endure in union members and possibly widen existing cyclical variation. Hence, monetary integration would not result in harmonisation of the economies of member states. It is therefore, concluded that the SADC countries were not suitable for monetary integration at present.
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Buh, Gilbert Ewi. "Community adaptation strategies to environmental degradation in the south west region of Cameroon." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020301.
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The Republic of Cameroon (8-16°E; 2-13°N) is a Central African nation that borders the Bight of Biafra. It is home of about 20 million people and a country with great environmental and agricultural diversity that reflects Africa. It is known as ‘Africa Miniature’. Recent policies and administrative malfunctions has plunged the SWR into severe environmental problems that led to a cholera outbreak, claiming many lives. Community respond to these severe environmental problems in the SWR greatly left behind resilient strategies to reduce its spread. A mixed method of both qualitative and quantitative research approach was used by the researcher to come up with community strategies which this research seeks to address. Various conclusions such as community demand for support from the local government, sustainable irrigation programs, availability of pipe-borne water and environmental education were put in place, as possible solutions to the persisting environmental problems in the SWR.
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Ehmann, Caroline. "Creating a supportive practice community for occupational therapists in the Capital Health Region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59496.pdf.
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Corless, Gillian. "Community based tourism planning and policy : the case of the Baffin region, Nunavut." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/MQ64136.pdf.
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Halfhide, Trina. "Mercury Perception, Community Awareness and Sustainability Implications for the Tampa Bay Region, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3689.
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Over one million acres of land and water in Florida has been classified as impaired by mercury. Approximately 80% of national fish advisories are issued due to mercury contamination. There have been a number of consumption advisories in the Tampa Bay Region for locally eaten fish such as largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides), bowfin (Amia calva), and alligator gar (Lepisosteus osseus). The main purpose of this study was to determine if there is adequate dissemination of mercury related risk information by government agencies to recreational and subsistence fishermen in the Tampa Bay Region. This research revealed that government agencies utilized simplified models when addressing mercury consumption risks in Tampa Bay. Most of the popular fishing sites and public parks in the Tampa Bay Region have no advisory signs warning fishers of possible mercury contamination in fish. The majority of survey respondents (88.4%) consumed the fish they caught. There was statistically significant evidence suggesting online sources of public health information influenced viewing of fish advisories. This study determined factors: sex of licensee, above median levels of income and type of license also influenced viewing of fish advisories. Results indicated that women were less likely to view fish advisories than men. In addition, the viewing of fish advisory information by women of reproductive age was not significantly different to all other female age groups. Behavior among participants varied and was dependent on individual perception of mercury risks and nutritional benefits associated with consumption of fish.
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Gerritsen, Fokke. "Local identities : landscape and community in the late prehistoric Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region /." Amsterdam : Amsterdam university press, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400586572.
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