Academic literature on the topic 'Communicative continuum'

Notre travail porte sur un ensemble d'entretiens, écrits ou oraux, à dominante culturelle. Nous identifions le genre de l'« entretien culturel ». Ce genre de discours s'apparente au dialogue et relève de diverses sphères d'activités culturelles (pratiques artistiques principalement) et s'inscrit dans des institutions identifiées de production ou de diffusion des savoirs. Les domaines culturels que nous avons privilégiés sont la littérature (F. Ponge, N. Sarraute, A. Nothomb, É. Reinhardt) et le cinéma (A. Varda, J. Rouch, B. Tavernier, M. Piccoli). Les entretiens oraux proviennent d'enregistrements de la chaîne radiophonique France-Culture. Les entretiens écrits sont des publications livresques ou sont extraits de médias de presse (Télérama ou Le Monde).Dans une première partie, nous nous efforçons de caractériser le genre de l'entretien culturel en le rapportant à sa superstructure dialogale et en le différenciant d'une conversation ordinaire. Nous avons tout d'abord fait le constat de l'omniprésence médiatique de l'entretien dans les médias, ce que nous avons attesté par diverses données chiffrées. Ensuite, nous avons traité la question de la synonymie d'entretien, conversation et dialogue à travers des usages de presse (Le Monde). Enfin, vient notre cadrage théorique qui est surtout constitué par l'analyse du discours (D. Maingueneau, 1999, 2002, 2014), le dialogisme (J. Bres, 2005), les analyses conversationnelles (E. Roulet et al., 19872) et interactionnistes (C. Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 1990), et la linguistique textuelle (J.-M. Adam, [1992] 20174). L'ensemble de ces apports théoriques se fonde sur la différence entre les genres premiers et les genres seconds opérée par M. Bakhtine (1984). À l'issue de la première partie, nous définissons le genre de l'entretien culturel, c'est-à-dire que nous spécifions les composantes de sa macro-structure.Ensuite, dans une deuxième grande partie, nous procédons à des analyses linguistiques d'extraits pour lesquelles nous nous sommes dotée d'outils linguistiques susceptibles de rendre compte du niveau de structuration intermédiaire. Le flux verbal et le dynamisme informationnel nécessitent en effet que l'on sache appréhender la question énonciative ou la macro-syntaxe avec des outils d'analyse adaptés : la grammaire de la période (Groupe de Fribourg, 2012) ; la grammaire de texte et les stratégies de topicalisation (B. Combettes, 1986). De même, la micro-syntaxe dans ses réalisations orales nécessitent des outils appropriés comme la grille syntaxique de C. Blanche-Benveniste (1990).Dans notre dernière partie, nous cherchons plus spécialement à caractériser les échanges entre une forme orale et une forme écrite, la réalisation d'effets de mixité n'étant pas nécessairement liés au support lui-même. La thèse se propose de revenir sur le continuum communicationnel de Koch &amp; Oesterreicher (2001) pour en éprouver les paramètres (« les déterminants situationnels et contextuels »). Il nous a semblé que le continuum communicationnel est une solution pour résoudre la question générale de la dichotomie oral et/ou écrit. Nous essayerons de montrer comment ce continuum opère dans le cas des entretiens culturels<br>Our work concerns a set of interviews, written or oral, with a cultural focus. We identified the genre of the “cultural interview”. This genre of discourse is similar to the dialogue and it concerns various spheres of cultural activities (mainly artistic practices) that are inscribed in identified institutions of production or publication. The cultural domains that we have selected are literature (F. Ponge, N. Sarraute, A. Nothomb, É. Reinhardt) and cinema (A. Varda, J. Rouch, B. Tavernier, M. Piccoli). The oral interviews are mainly from recordings of the radio station « France-Culture » whereas, the written interviews were selected from books or press media such as, Télérama or Le Monde.Firstly, we characterize the genre of the cultural interview by relating it to its dialogical superstructure and differentiating it from an ordinary conversation. We noted the media omnipresence of the interview which we have attested by various figures. Then, we deal with the synonymous questions of an interview, conversation and dialogue through press usage (Le Monde). Finally, our theoretical framework is mainly constituted by discourse analysis (D. Maingueneau, 1999, 2002, 2014), dialogism (J. Bres, 2005), conversational analysis (E. Roulet et al., 19872), interactionist analysis (C. Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 1990) and textual linguistics (J.-M. Adam, [1992] 20174). All these theoretical contributions are based on the difference between primary and secondary genres made by M. Bakhtine (1984). At the end of the first part, we define the genre of the cultural conversation by specifying the components of its macro-structure.We then proceed to linguistic analyses of excerpts for which we have equipped ourselves with linguistic tools likely to account for the intermediate level of structuring. The verbal flow and the informational dynamism require indeed that we know how to apprehend the enunciative question or the macro-syntax with adapted analysis tools: the grammar of the period (Groupe de Fribourg, 2012); the grammar of text and the strategies of topicalization (B. Combettes, 1986). Similarly, micro-syntax in its oral realizations, requires appropriate tools such as the syntactic grid of C. Blanche-Benveniste (1990).Lastly, we specifically characterize the exchanges between an oral form and a written form. The realization of mixing effects may not be necessarily linked to the medium itself. The thesis proposes to return to Koch &amp; Oesterreicher's communicational continuum (2001) in order to test its parameters (situational and contextual determinants). We observed that the communicative continuum is a solution to the general question of the oral and/or written dichotomy. Here we show how this continuum operates in the case of cultural interviews

Ces dernières années, les variables continues ont émergées en tant qu alternative aux variables discrètes dans les communications quantiques. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans ce cadre des communications quantiques avec des variables continues. Les variables continues utilisées ici sont les quadratures d'un mode du champ électromagnétique. Pour les mesurer, nous avons construit une détection homodyne équilibrée, limitée au bruit de photons, impulsionnelle et résolue en temps. Celle-ci peut effectuer 800 000 mesures par seconde. En se fondant sur la limite de la duplication quantique, nous montrons qu'une valeur de la fidélité supérieure à 2/3 dans un protocole de téléportation quantique garantit que l'état téléporté est la meilleure copie qui reste de l'état d'entrée. Nous introduisons de nouveaux protocoles de distribution quantique de clef utilisant des variables quantiques continues, sûrs face à des attaques individuelles pour toute valeur de la transmission de la ligne optique entre Alice et Bob. En particulier, il n'est pas nécessaire que cette transmission soit plus grande que 50 % (moins de 3 dB de pertes). Ni compression des fluctuations quantiques, ni intrication ne sont nécessaires. Nous avons implémenté expérimentalement ces protocoles, en utilisant la détection homodyne limitée au bruit de photon mentionnée plus haut et des états cohérents. L'extraction complète de la clef secrète est réalisée en utilisant une technique de réconciliation par tranches inversée suivie d amplification de confidentialité. Notre dispositif expérimental produit un taux net de transmission de clef de 1,7 megabits par seconde pour une ligne sans pertes, et 75 kilobits par seconde pour une ligne avec 3,1 dB de pertes. Les limitations actuelles sont essentiellement techniques et proviennent surtout de l'efficacité limitée du logiciel de réconciliation.

The use of coded modulations such as continuous phase modulation (CPM) can improve the power and bandwidth efficiency of digital communication links. The price paid for these gains is in increased receiver complexity. The power efficiency attainable with the highly redundant signal sets employed by coded modulations becomes limited by the ability of the receiver to achieve accurate carrier phase synchronisation. Power efficiency is assessed in terms of the bit error rate performance in white Gaussian noise. A new CPM detector called the partially coherent Viterbi algorithm (PCVA) is introduced which tries to preserve the power efficiency in the presence of mild phase perturbations. The detector employs the Viterbi algorithm with a new partially coherent decision metric. Carrier phase estimates are derived dynamically from the detector's own survivor paths. In the presence of phase jitter, the PCVA is superior to a Viterbi decision directed phase locked loop. The PCVA could be applied to the detection of modulation schemes other than CPM. An error analysis of the PCVA in the absence of phase jitter provides a new and more realistic way of assessing the relative merits of various CPM schemes. Unmerged error events have been found to occur when CPM is detected with carrier phase uncertainty. The carrier phase estimator pulls in the residual phase error in such cases. A reduced state Viterbi algorithm has been examined when using the partially coherent decision metric. Receiver complexity reduction is still possible even when the detector is not coherent. A method of acquiring the carrier frequency accurately from the received CPM signal is described. The other main research goal has been the development of a new low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) error probability analysis for coherently detected CPM. CPM is designed for use on power limited channels, but the existing error probability analysis is only accurate at high SNR. The problem at low SNR is that several error events become significant, not just the one at minimum squared Euclidean distance. The new analysis considers many events and makes statistical allowance for their pairwise interaction. The probability of events intersecting and reclosing each other has not been analysed before. This work applies to maximum likelihood sequence detection on a memoryless channel in general. A new survey of CPM error performance is made and proves the existing minimum distance results to be often optimistic especially at low and intermediate signal-to-noise ratios. The new approximation is closer to the simulated error rates where these are available. The coherent error analysis involves some computation but it is still approximately three orders of magnitude faster than simulation.

Manufacturing enterprises are a key driver of economic growth (Eurostat, 2016). Implementing continuous improvement (CI) is commonly used to increase competitiveness (Hyland et al., 2007), but despite the well-known theory of CI, many manufacturing companies fail in implementing it (Bhasin, 2012; Nordin et al., 2012; Tiwari et al., 2007). An identified critical success factor in CI implementation is the evaluation of performance, including the performance evaluation system itself, the linkage between targets at different company levels, and continual evaluation of performance (Bakås et al., 2011; Scherrer-Rathje et al., 2009; Ukko et al., 2009). Another critical success factor in CI implementation is the communication of performance measures (Bakås et al., 2011; Ukko et al., 2009). This research explores the communication of performance measures. The aim is to support CI by improving the communication of performance measures, and to this end, this thesis concentrates on identifying the main challenges in the communication of performance measures supporting CI. The research scope is manufacturing companies in general, and manufacturing SMEs in particular. The relevant literature concerning the communication of performance measures in manufacturing companies is identified and summarized. Also, current practice is explored, focusing on how performance measures are communicated in manufacturing companies, and whether and how the communication supports CI. This has been done to identify divergences between current practice and theory. Finally, theory and empirical findings are synthesized to identify some of the main challenges to be addressed in order to succeed in CI. The main task is to support CI efforts in manufacturing SMEs, eliminating the identified divergences in the communication of performance measures by adapting these measures to these manufacturing SMEs. These challenges can be summarized as follows:  - using both financial performance measures as well as objective and subjective, non-financial performance measures  - aligning performance measures with strategy and targets  - integrating all performance measure communication, as related to both daily performance and CI, in the same communication loop.  - forming two-way communication channels between managers and operators  - aligning oral and written communication channels  - exploring how information systems can facilitate the communication of performance measures  - using and optimizing the visual communication of performance measures<br><p>I avhandlingen ingår även följande publikationer:</p><p>Larsson, C., Strand, M., Persson, A., &amp; Syberfeldt, A., 2017. Communicating continuous improvement in manufacturing SMEs: Divergences between current practice and theory. Published at PMAA 2017 Conference “New Approaches, Changed Understandings”. Dunedin, New Zeeland, 2017.</p><p>Larsson, C., 2017. How to visualize performance measures in a manufacturing SME. Accepted for publication in Measuring Business Excellence.</p><p>Larsson, C., &amp; Syberfeldt, A., 2016. Communicating performance measures - current practice in manufacturing SMEs. Submitted to International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.</p>

L'objectif central de cette thèse est d'exploiter les propriétés quantiques du champ électromagnétique pour développer de nouveaux dispositifs de communication. L'étude porte sur les composantes de quadrature (variables quantiques continues) d'un mode impulsionnel du champ lumineux. Une démonstration expérimentale de cryptographie quantique avec des états cohérents a été réalisée. Le dispositif se base sur des impulsions modulées en amplitude et en phase et comportant en moyenne une centaine de photons. Pour chaque impulsion lumineuse, une détection homodyne résolue en temps permet de mesurer une composante de quadrature particulière avec une forte efficacité. Une clé secrète a ainsi été transmise à un débit de 1.7 Mbits/s en l'absence de pertes et 75 kbits/s pour une transmission présentant des pertes de 3.1 dB, ce qui ouvre la voie pour des applications de cryptographie quantique à hauts débits. Afin d'étudier l'utilisation de spécificités quantiques, nous avons développé une source impulsionnelle d'états comprimés et d'états intriqués. Cette source utilise des conversions non-linéaires d'impulsions ultrabrèves intervenant dans un cristal mince de niobate de potassium. Suivant la configuration, la réduction du bruit en quadrature est de 2.7 dB sous le niveau de bruit quantique standard, ou les corrélations entre les quadratures des faisceaux intriqués sont de 2.5 dB. Grâce à ce dispositif, nous avons mis en oeuvre la première expérience de "dégaussification", pour transformer des impulsions de vide comprimé en des états non-gaussiens. Ce protocole est directement lié à la distillation de l'intrication de variables continues, qui permet d'améliorer la portée des dispositifs de cryptographie. Enfin, des schémas sont étudiés pour réaliser des tests complets des inégalités de Bell avec des variables continues mesurées par des détections homodynes.

As Internet of Things (IoT), originally comprising of only a few simple sensing devices, reaches 34 billion units by the end of 2020, they cannot be defined as merely monitoring sensors anymore. IoT capabilities have been improved in recent years as relatively large internal computation and storage capacity are becoming a commodity. In the early days of IoT, processing and storage were typically performed in cloud. New IoT architectures are able to perform complex tasks directly on-device, thus enabling the concept of an extended computational continuum. Real-time critical scenarios e.g. autonomous vehicles sensing, area surveying or disaster rescue and recovery require all the actors involved to be coordinated and collaborate without human interaction to a common goal, sharing data and resources, even in intermittent networks covered areas. This poses new problems in distributed systems, resource management, device orchestration,as well as data processing. This work proposes a new orchestration and communication framework, namely CContinuum, designed to manage resources in heterogeneous IoT architectures across multiple application scenarios. This work focuses on two key sustainability macroscenarios: (a) environmental sensing and awareness, and (b) electric mobility support. In the first case a mechanism to measure air quality over a long period of time for different applications at global scale (3 continents 4 countries) is introduced. The system has been developed in-house from the sensor design to the mist-computing operations performed by the nodes. In the second scenario, a technique to transmit large amounts of fine-time granularity battery data from a moving vehicle to a control center is proposed jointly with the ability of allocating tasks on demand within the computing continuum.

Political decisions about higher education and organizational decision-making within higher educational institutions reflect the acceptance of academic capitalist discourse, placing financial burdens on students, stress upon faculty, and the obliteration of trust between faculty and administration. In this critical layered narrative account, a tenure-track faculty member examines the impacts and influences of academic capitalism, including how this neoliberal discourse disregards the idea of higher education as a public good, creates an atmosphere of fear among faculty, and affects faculty-student relationships. This account illustrates how academic capitalism, with its emphasis on money and power, influenced decisions regarding a partnership with a software company, and of course, a rebooted football program.