Books on the topic 'Communication support needs'
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1
Moetsabi, Titus. Engendering girl reproductive health and sexual rights through information, education, and communication programming: A research process conducted by the Women and AIDS Support Network (WASN) on the information, education, and communication needs of adolescent girls in Zimbabwe, using the Chikwaka community model. [Harare]: WASN, 1999.
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Office, General Accounting. Information technology: DOD needs to leverage lessons learned from its outsourcing projects : report to the Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: United States General Accounting Office, 2003.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Request and availability of appropriations to support the victims of Hurricane Floyd: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting the request and availability of appropriations to enable the Department of Health and Human services' Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program to support the needs of New Jersey in the wake of Hurricane Floyd. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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Office, General Accounting. Aviation safety: FAA oversight of repair stations needs improvement : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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Office, General Accounting. Aviation safety: FAA needs to update the curriculum and certification requirements for aviation mechanics : report to the ranking Democratic member, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: United States General Accounting Office, 2003.
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Office, General Accounting. Aviation safety: FAA's new inspection system offers promise, but problems need to be addressed : report to the Subcommittee on Aviation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 1999.
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Meeting Special Needs A Practical Guide To Support Children With Speech And Language Difficulties. Step Forward Publishing, 2009.
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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Home nutritional support. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0014.
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Home enteral tube feeding (HETF) 106Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) 108Equipment supply is usually arranged through a home care company. Good communication between patient, family, and healthcare professionals is a prerequisite for effective discharge planning. The needs of the child and family must be clearly identified in order to prepare transfer from hospital to home. It is also essential that continuing care arrangements are in place with coordinated action from all involved (family, healthcare professionals, social services, education, voluntary bodies, etc.)....
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McCallum, Deborah. Feedback-Friendly Classroom: How to Equip Students to Give, Receive, and Seek Quality Feedback That Will Support Their Social, Academic, and Developmental Needs. Pembroke Publishers, Limited, 2015.
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Zaider, Talia, Shira Hichenberg, and Lauren Latella. Advancing family communication skills in oncology nursing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0028.
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This chapter presents a new communication skills training initiative designed to advance family-centred care in the inpatient oncology setting. Because of their consistent contact with families, oncology nurses are well-positioned to initiate and model supportive care to the family. Two formats of training are presented: (i) a single-session module for acute care nurses focuses on responding to challenging family interactions at the bedside; (ii) a comprehensive, six-month curriculum for advanced practice nurses focuses on conceptualization and intervention skills, as applied to a range of complex family situations that arise during a patient’s admission. The training presented here teaches nurses to effectively partner with families, assess support needs, facilitate collaborative problem-solving, and transition families to psychosocial resources. Both training efforts were piloted at a large, comprehensive cancer centre. Preliminary data supports the feasibility and perceived relevance of training content, as well as gains in nurses’ confidence working effectively with families.
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Yates, Patsy. Communication in the context of cancer as a chronic disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0027.
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Changes in cancer treatment and improved survival rates mean that cancer is often experienced as a chronic condition. This chapter draws on contemporary models of chronic disease management, which define the capabilities required to promote self-management and identify the specific communication practices that achieve optimal outcomes for individuals living with a long-term condition. These capabilities require health professionals to provide person-centred care and achieve individual behavioural as well as organizational/system change. Communication skills which reflect these capabilities in practice include open questions and reflective listening, empathy and sensitivity to patient needs, and sharing of information. Communication skills to support motivational interviewing, collaborative problem identification, and organizational change, including communicating within a multidisciplinary team, are critical to achieving optimal outcomes for people living with cancer. These communication practices enable the patient to be a partner as they adjust to new health challenges, and a changed social and psychological context.
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Schraeder, Terry L. Physician Communication. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190882440.001.0001.
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Physician Communication: Connecting with Patients, Peers, and the Public presents the current world of physician communications, from face-to-face and digital communications to public speaking and traditional media. The book explores methods and explains guidelines of exceptional physician communication. Physician–patient communication is, after all, human-to-human communication; establishing a bond and listening are just two of the essential elements in building trust and understanding—the foundations of communication. But today there is much we need to learn when it comes to facilitating the exchange of information, providing psychosocial support, ensuring shared decision-making, translating complex information, resolving controversies with sound science, and the myriad of goals we have as physician communicators with patients, peers, and the public. While most of our communication is with patients, we increasingly find ourselves communicating with family members, caregivers, students, residents, colleagues, patient advocates, researchers, insurance agencies, bosses, board members, the public, and even at times journalists. What we are communicating, where we are communicating, and with whom we are communicating are continually changing and expanding—and with ever more electronic technologies available to us, from electronic medical records and emails to online forums, video conferencing, and other high-tech systems. All of this makes how well we communicate as physicians even more important to our success in today’s healthcare environment.
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McGreavy, Bridie, and David Hart. Sustainability Science and Climate Change Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.563.
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Direct experience, scientific reports, and international media coverage make clear that the breadth, severity, and multiple consequences from climate change are far-reaching and increasing. Like many places globally, the northeastern United States is already experiencing climate change, including one of the world’s highest rates of ocean warming, reduced durations of winter ice cover on lakes, a marked increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, and climate-mediated ecological disruptions of invasive species. Given current and projected changes in ecosystems, communities, and economies, it is essential to find ways to anticipate and reduce vulnerabilities to change and, at the same time, promote sustainable economic development and human well-being.The emerging field of sustainability science offers a promising conceptual and analytic framework for accelerating progress towards sustainable development. Sustainability science aims to be use-inspired and to connect basic and applied knowledge with solutions for societal benefit. This approach draws from diverse disciplines, theories, and methods organized around the broad goal of maintaining and improving life support systems, ecosystem health, and human well-being. Partners in New England have been using sustainability science as a framework for stakeholder-engaged, interdisciplinary research that has generated use-inspired knowledge and multiple solutions for more than a decade. Sustainability science has helped produce a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation; emergency response plans for invasive species that threaten livelihoods and cultures; decision support tools for improved water quality management and public health for beach use and shellfish consumption; and the development of robust partnership networks across disciplines and institutions. Understanding and reducing vulnerability to climate change is a central motivating factor in this portfolio of projects because linking knowledge about social-ecological systems with effective policy action requires a holistic view that addresses complex intersecting stressors.One common theme in these varied efforts is the way that communication fundamentally shapes collaborative research and social, technical, and policy outcomes from sustainability science. Communication as a discipline has, for more than two thousand years, sought to understand how environments and symbols shape human life, forms of social organization, and collective decision making. The result is a body of scholarship and practical techniques that are diverse and well adapted to meet the complexity of contemporary sustainability challenges. The complexity of the issues that sustainability science aspires to solve requires diversity and flexibility to be able to adapt approaches to the specific needs of a situation. Long-term, cross-scale, and multi-institutional sustainability science collaborations show that communication research and practice can help build communities and networks, and advance technical and policy solutions to confront the challenges of climate change and promote sustainability now and in future.
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Forbes, Karen, and Jane Gibbins. Teaching and training in palliative medicine. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0042.
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Patients die in almost all areas of medicine; it is therefore essential for doctors to be equipped with the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviours necessary to look after patients who need care at the end of life. This chapter explores what the training needs of the various doctors caring for patients with palliative care needs are, how their curricula have developed, and the variety of ways training is delivered. It suggests that learners need to move out of the classroom to achieve exposure to real clinical experience with patients approaching the end of their lives with support from seniors who acknowledge patients’ needs, role model good communication and care, and facilitate their juniors’ reflection and learning from these encounters. However, the main challenge is to encourage and develop innovative clinical and research partnerships to design, deliver, and evaluate educational packages to demonstrate how education in palliative care best benefits patients and their families.
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Tanis, Martin. Online social support groups. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0010.
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To give and receive social support is an important aspect of social interaction, and since the Internet has become more and more integrated with everyday life, it is no surprise that much social support is exchanged online. Features of computer-mediated communication (CMC) offer possibilities for social support in a manner that would be less easy or even impossible in a face-to-face context. This article focuses on three key elements that are often mentioned when social consequences of CMC are discussed: the possibility to communicate relatively anonymously, the text-based character, and the opportunities it provides for expanding social networks without being hindered by time and space barriers. It addresses how these may affect support seeking, and argues that interacting in online social support groups holds great potential for people who seek support, but may also contain some potential hazards. However, even though the body of research is growing, we still know fairly little about how online social-support groups affect the well-being of people who are in need of support.
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Elwood, Mark, and Simon Sutcliffe. Cancer control and the burden of cancer. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550173.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 discusses that treatment is essentially a facility-based intervention according to defined or accepted protocols; care describes the coordination and integration of activities to enhance well-being, including treatment episodes, across the various locations and circumstances in which care is provided; and control refers to the system response to meet the needs of the population served, encompassing issues of awareness, communication, education, access, support, costs, etc. associated with interventions to control cancer.
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Merckaert, Isabelle, Yves Libert, Aurore Liénard, and Darius Razavi. Communicating with relatives in cancer care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0017.
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Relatives are omnipresent in cancer care and commonly accompany cancer patients to physician consultations, increasing the complexity of the resultant communication. Relatives can provide important collaborative history, support, and advocate for their loved one, as well as have their own needs addressed. Relatives may also desire to protect their loved ones, and challenges arise if they invite the clinician to collude in keeping secrets. Optimally including relatives in a consultation is a complex task. Specific skills—for instance, asking permission, using circular questions and offering summaries—can enrich triadic communication. When breaking bad news, strategies for three-person consultations that have been used in communication skills training deliver benefits to both patients and their relatives. The successful accomplishment of three-person consultations is one hallmark of the mature clinician. It requires skill and time, but can certainly promote optimal patient care.
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Noble, Simon, and Nicola Pease. The United Kingdom general practitioner and palliative care model. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0058.
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Within the United Kingdom, the general practitioner (GP) will manage the care of the majority of patients with life-limiting and terminal disease. The need for effective communication is recognized in the general practice curriculum and college examinations. The opportunity to review and critique one’s own communication skills allows considerable opportunity for self-directed learning and reflection. The development of a reflective portfolio of learning has been developed as a user-friendly and cost-effective way for the general practitioner to commit to lifelong learning in the context of communicating with palliative care patients. This chapter describes several models that can help deliver an evidence-based template of training, supported by a simple toolkit with which to empower GPs to enhance their communication skills throughout their professional careers.
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Stinson, Michael. Importance of Technology for Education of Deaf Students. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0024.
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Technology is playing an increasing role in the education of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students. This chapter discusses two uses of technology to provide communication access for DHH students (real-time captioning in classrooms and messaging and related technologies to facilitate communication in small groups) and two ways that technology is used for instruction of these students (multimedia materials for development of literacy and online tutoring). Several studies on real-time captioning and multimedia materials indicate that these approaches are beneficial in the education of DHH students. The limited work to date on messaging to support communication in groups with DHH and hearing students and online tutoring indicates that they are potentially important because they address unmet needs of DHH students. It is important to conduct additional studies to determine the effectiveness of these latter two approaches because current findings are preliminary.
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Robinson, Louise. Caring for people with dementia towards and at the end of life. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0010.
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Research evidence confirms that people dying with dementia receive suboptimal care compared to those with terminal cancer. Good quality end-of-life care in dementia can be achieved. It requires good communication with open and sensitive discussions about future preferences for care; advice about power of attorney, and other practical issues including support services and technology; continuity of care through a named lead GP/care-home nurse; detailed observation for signs of distress once communication has been lost; and referral to specialist services such as old-age psychiatry for behavioural problems, and palliative care for end-of-life symptom management. Most importantly, the uncertainty of the dying trajectory needs to be clearly understood by health professionals and clearly explained to family carers to help them understand the slow and often prolonged pathway to dying.
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Glatthaar, Joseph T. American Military History: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199859252.001.0001.
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American Military History: A Very Short Introduction outlines the forces shaping the American military for the past 400 years. Since the colonial period, the United States has struggled to balance standing armed forces with citizen soldiers and sailors. Technological developments and two world wars forced the military to embrace professionalism and its increased obligations. The United States emerged from World War II in a strong position but failed to recognize the limits of its power, a legacy that some might say continues. Recent wars highlight some of the problems of a volunteer-dominated force. To succeed, the American military needs improved communication, understanding, and support.
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Steffen, Ann M., Larry W. Thompson, and Dolores Gallagher-Thompson. Treating Later-Life Depression. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190068431.001.0001.
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One of the greatest challenges for providers treating later-life depression is the wide variability of life circumstances that accompany depressive symptoms for clients across outpatient mental health, integrated primary care, and inpatient psychiatric settings. This thoroughly revised Clinician Guide for Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach outlines culturally responsive practices that target the contexts and drivers/antecedents of depression in middle-aged and older adults. Clinicians choose research-supported modules from the accompanying workbook that fit the needs of their clients (i.e., changes in brain health, chronic pain, sleep problems, anxiety, experiences of loss, family caregiving issues). This practical guide reflects continuing international scientific and clinical advances in applying cognitive-behavioral therapy to age-related problems using individual and group formats, with clinician-tested recommendations for telehealth practice. Flexible use of these clinical tools enhances the personalized application of change strategies, including behavioral activation, problem solving, relaxation training, attention to personal strengths and positive emotional experiences, self-compassion, cognitive reappraisal, and communication skills training. Case examples are provided to support the efforts of practitioners from a range of disciplines (e.g., clinical psychology, psychiatry, social work, counseling, marriage and family therapy, nursing, occupational therapy, and recreational specialists). The appendices include aging-friendly assessment tools and other resources to support professional development. Because the practical techniques presented have empirical support accumulated over decades, Treating Later-Life Depression is an indispensable resource for behavioral health providers who wish to effectively and efficiently help diverse aging clients thrive in a daily life that is true to their values and personal strengths.
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Lethborg, Carrie, and David W. Kissane. The family perspective. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0176.
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In considering cancer as an illness that affects not only the patient but their entire family, this chapter offers a model of family-centred care to encourage an understanding of the impact of illness on the family, the family in the caregiver role, and the needs of family-based caregivers. From a clinical perspective, the authors offer a guide for assessing these families for interventions, including the use of open communication and information provision, the recognition of past patterns of relating, the encouragement of acceptance of support, discussions with the family as a whole, and support during unpreventable emotional suffering that families experience. Specific interventions described include preventive and supportive interventions, interventions that challenge dysfunction, and interventions with the family when a patient is dying. Family-centred care is challenging as a paradigm but a useful harness to improved quality of life, one that warrants the effort involved to ease the suffering of all.
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Marks, Stephen D. The adolescent with renal disease. Edited by Norbert Lameire and Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0292.
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Successful transitioning involves input from both paediatric and adult multidisciplinary teams with overlap between the two services and tailored to the needs of each individual. This includes varying the duration of the preparatory phase and the timing of transition and eventual transfer based on the chronological and developmental age, maturity, medical stability, and psychosocial issues of each individual patient. Buddy systems and peer support may aid smooth transitioning for some, with the promotion of patients attending a clinic with similar age groups, which can include the formation of a young adult clinic. Effective collaboration between children’s and adult services is required to obtain successful transition of adolescent patients. Moving from one paediatric hospital to different adult specialists in different hospitals requires excellent communication between various teams. Some staff members from each adult nephrology unit should specialize in adolescent medicine and construct their own transitional care pathways to ensure effective communication and collaboration with appropriate paediatric units and facilitate continuity of care with ongoing educational and social programmes.
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Reyes, Hernán, and Metİn Bașoğlu. Control as a Defining Characteristic of Torture. Edited by Metin Başoğlu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374625.003.0002.
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An analysis of the Kubark interrogation techniques clearly demonstrates that they are specifically designed to induce helplessness in detainees by enhancing the unpredictability and uncontrollability of captivity stressors. By providing examples of how various aspects of life in captivity (e.g., deprivation of sleep, food, personal hygiene, medical care, social contact, communication with the outside world, and other basic needs) can be manipulated to maximize helplessness, the Kubark manual lends support to a learning theory formulation of torture as “helplessness under the control of others.” It also demonstrates that “severe mental pain or suffering” is caused by the cumulative helplessness effects of all aspects of life in captivity and not just the captors’ “intentional” behaviors during discrete interrogation sessions.
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Crisis communication related to vaccine safety: Technical guidance. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123126.
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Vaccine- and vaccination-related crises require a communication response that is different from the communication strategies used to promote the benefits and importance of vaccines in general. This document presents the technical guidance needed to develop a communication plan that is appropriate for managing crises related to vaccine safety. This guidance will be useful for managers in the areas of immunization and vaccine and vaccination safety. They will also help preparedness and response teams working in safety crises to optimize their communication plans in order to regain, maintain, or strengthen trust in vaccines, vaccination, and immunization programs in general. Each chapter presents a phase (preparation, implementation, and evaluation) with suggested actions and support tools to prepare, implement, and evaluate a communication response in a crisis situation. Also, some sections can also be used to strengthen routine national communication activities such as interaction with media, message generation, spokespeople preparation among others. The current document complements the Manual for the surveillance of events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization (ESAVI) in the Region of the Americas. This document is published within the framework of a joint project that aims to promote communication-related to safe vaccination in the Region of the Americas and support health authorities that need to develop a communication plan to manage crises related to vaccine safety. Some of the sections in this publication are based on the guidance documents available in the WHO Regional Office for Europe’s virtual library and can be consulted on their website.
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Kissane, David W., and Courtney Hempton. Conducting a family meeting. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0018.
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The strategies employed in running family meetings include collaborative agenda setting, appraisal of family needs, exploration of the impact of the illness and the family’s resultant coping, the building of consensus about the goals of care, and planning for the future. Special communication skills that guide this process are the use of circular questioning techniques and integrative summaries. Beyond the education of all families, a subgroup remains at risk and requires ongoing family support. Families with young children, offspring living with disability or mental illness, those isolated or disenfranchised, and those with high conflict warrant psychosocial referral for ongoing family therapy. Role play work with simulated family members helps build co-facilitation skills, cultural sensitivity to respond to requests to collude with relatives, and confidence in dealing with difficult families.
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Khanna, Muniya S., and Tommy Chou. Electronic Communication, Telehealth, and Social Media. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.46.
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Explosive growth of communication technologies and increased ubiquity of Internet access in both urban and rural communities and particularly in youth have occurred. Coupled with concerns regarding limitations to traditional service provision models, researchers and practitioners are looking to affordable, acceptable technologies to expand the reach of evidence-based care and reduce barriers to intervention and unmet need in areas with few providers. This chapter describes the present literature on use of video teleconferencing, web-based programs, social media, and smartphone apps to enhance mental health intervention delivery, psychiatric assessment, and training and supervision. The strengths of the various delivery methods are discussed for providing empirically supported mental healthcare, focusing on implications related to science and practice with children and families. Outlined also are current limitations, risks, and challenges to technology-mediated services, including the significant gaps in the evidence base underlying these technologies and the legal, ethical, and safety issues that remain.
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Nelson, Judith E., and Aluko A. Hope. Management of the dying patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0388.
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Withdrawal or withholding of life-supporting therapies in anticipation of death has become common in intensive care units around the world. Knowledge and skill related to limitation of life support, including processes of communication, decision-making, and implementation, are essential for the delivery of high-quality intensive care. This chapter synthesizes existing relevant evidence and provides recommendations based on the best available data. Approaches to anticipated or actual conflict over the use of life support are reviewed. Discussion then focuses on key aspects of practice—preparing the patient and family, optimizing the setting, discontinuing various therapies, and controlling symptoms. The need for mutual support and collaboration by the interdisciplinary team is emphasized.
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Kalb, Rosalind C. Living with Multiple Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0028.
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This chapter describes the challenges experienced by individuals and families after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, as the disease progresses, and in the face of significant disability. Common emotional reactions such as grief, anxiety, anger, and guilt are described, along with specific recommendations for physicians, rehabilitation professionals, and mental health professionals on how to support their patients throughout the disease course. Challenges related to diagnosis, disclosure, and treatment decisions, as well as the variability and unpredictability of the disease are highlighted. Understanding disease progression, communicating one’s needs, and utilizing assistive technology are the focus as the disease progresses. Redefining one’s sense of self, independence, and control are the primary challenges for those with more advanced multiple sclerosis. For families, the recommended interventions are designed to support healthy, balanced care partnerships; address the needs of children and elderly parents; and promote effective planning and problem-solving.
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Schofield, Penelope, and Michael Jefford. Discussing unproven therapies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0036.
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The use of unproven therapies, or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) continues to evoke strong debate and diverse views within the medical community. Many doctors are concerned about the lack of scientifically credible research to support the claims of CAM proponents. However, a large and growing number of cancer patients use CAM. Evidence indicates that clinicians neglect to appropriately discuss issues surrounding CAM use with their patients. Improving CAM-related communication between clinicians and cancer patients has been widely advocated by researchers, medical practitioners, CAM practitioners, and patients. Assisting clinicians to initiate and engage patients in discussions about CAM is an essential contribution to improving health-related communication. This chapter presents a definition of CAM, explores the rationale supporting the need to improve communication about CAM, and considers evidence-based guidelines about how to discuss CAM in a conventional oncology setting.
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Glüer, Kathrin. Triangulation. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0039.
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As an analogy, triangulation was introduced into the philosophy of mind and language in Donald Davidson's 1982 paper ‘Rational animals’. The analogy is used to support the claim that linguistic communication not only suffices to show that a creature is a rational animal in the sense of having propositional thoughts, but that it is necessary as well: ‘rationality is a social trait. Only communicators have it’. The triangulation argument employs the premise that in order to have any propositional thought whatsoever, a creature needs to have the concept of objective truth. To have this concept, however, it must stand in certain relations of interaction not only with objects or events in the world but also with other creatures sufficiently like itself. The most simple such situation involves a ‘triangle’ of two creatures interacting with each other and an object or event in the world.
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Wilson, Robyn S., Sarah M. McCaffrey, and Eric Toman. Wildfire Communication and Climate Risk Mitigation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.570.
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Throughout the late 19th century and most of the 20th century, risks associated with wildfire were addressed by suppressing fires as quickly as possible. However, by the 1960s, it became clear that fire exclusion policies were having adverse effects on ecological health, as well as contributing to larger and more damaging wildfires over time. Although federal fire policy has changed to allow fire to be used as a management tool on the landscape, this change has been slow to take place, while the number of people living in high-risk wildland–urban interface communities continues to increase. Under a variety of climate scenarios, in particular for states in the western United States, it is expected that the frequency and severity of fires will continue to increase, posing even greater risks to local communities and regional economies.Resource managers and public safety officials are increasingly aware of the need for strategic communication to both encourage appropriate risk mitigation behavior at the household level, as well as build continued public support for the use of fire as a management tool aimed at reducing future wildfire risk. Household decision making encompasses both proactively engaging in risk mitigation activities on private property, as well as taking appropriate action during a wildfire event to protect personal safety. Very little research has directly explored the connection between climate-related beliefs, wildfire risk perception, and action; however, the limited existing research suggests that climate-related beliefs have little direct effect on wildfire-related action. Instead, action appears to depend on understanding the benefits of different mitigation actions and in engaging the public in interactive, participatory communication programs that build trust between the public and natural resource managers. A relatively new line of research focuses on resource managers as critical decision makers in the risk management process, pointing to the need to thoughtfully engage audiences other than the lay public to improve risk management.Ultimately, improving the decision making of both the public and managers charged with mitigating the risks associated with wildfire can be achieved by carefully addressing several common themes from the literature. These themes are to (1) promote increased efficacy through interactive learning, (2) build trust and capacity through social interaction, (3) account for behavioral constraints and barriers to action, and (4) facilitate thoughtful consideration of risk-benefit tradeoffs. Careful attention to these challenges will improve the likelihood of successfully managing the increasing risks that wildfire poses to the public and ecosystems alike in a changing climate.
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Wittenberg, Elaine, Joy Goldsmith, Sandra L. Ragan, and Terri Ann Parnell. Caring for the Family Caregiver. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190055233.001.0001.
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This remarkable work reveals the plight of the family caregiver in chronic illness through the prism of communication. Examining the high cost and poorly addressed exigencies of the caregiver, including health literacy, palliative care, and health outcomes, Elaine Wittenberg, Joy V. Goldsmith, Sandra L. Ragan, and Terri Ann Parnell use an interdisciplinary approach in an effort to identify the impact of communication and its burdens on the caregiver. This team of scholars present four caregiver profiles, the Manager, Carrier, Partner, and Lone caregiver, each emerging from a family system with different patterns of conversational sharing and expectations of conformity. This volume presents a picture of the costs and losses for caregivers that go unseen and remain invisible for stakeholders in the healthcare experience. By synthesizing current data assessing the experiences of caregivers, as well as integrating the narrative experiences of a range of caregivers living through a variety of illnesses and their specific demands, the writers deliver an unflinching gaze at the journey of the caregiver. With an author team comprised of three health communication researchers and a nurse and health literacy expert, this volume integrates literature addressing caregiver needs and burdens, communication theory and practice, and palliative care and health literacy research to present the groundbreaking concept of the caregiver types and an innovative set of support resources to facilitate improved pathways to better care for the caregiver. Their engaging and rigorous writing style integrates the real stories of caregivers across the scope of the book connecting the reader with the people inside the pages and making the book essential for providers, students, clinicians, policymakers, and family caregivers alike.
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Woodruff, Paul. The Garden of Leaders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190883645.001.0001.
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I derive an account of what future leaders should learn from an understanding of leadership as the ability to induce others to follow in a context of freedom—without the use of force or incentives. Such leadership is needed in every walk of life and in every profession; it is inherently ethical, but it needs to take into account the frequent ugliness of the human situation. This is an account of leadership for all seasons. From this I propose a curriculum for general education of all students in higher education, including literature, history, philosophy, social science, and communication skills—all presented in a way to support the growth of students toward leadership. In addition, I propose new ways of thinking about education outside the classroom, through sports and other organizations. I end with recommendations for teaching methods that are conducive to the development of students as leaders, especially teamwork assignments that give students opportunities to evaluate their own leadership.
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Wood, Jayne, and Maureen Carruthers. Palliative care in the intensive cardiac care unit. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0078.
Full textAbstract:
Specialist palliative care services originally focused on improving the quality of life for patients with a diagnosis of cancer in the terminal phase of their illness. However, organizations, such as the World Health Organization, supported by recent national strategies, such as the End of Life Care Strategy (United Kingdom, 2008), promote the early integration of specialist palliative care into the management of patients with incurable disease, irrespective of the diagnosis. The primary goal of the intensive cardiac care unit is to help patients survive acute threats to their lives. However, the suddenness and severity of illness, particularly when associated with an underlying cardiological diagnosis, often means that the provision of optimal specialist palliative care is challenging. This chapter addresses key issues relating to the provision of specialist palliative care in the challenging and complex environment of the intensive cardiac care unit, including symptom control, end of life care, decision making, and communication. The benefits of multidisciplinary working for effective quality improvement in patient care and best support for patients, families/carers, and staff are also addressed. The importance of interdisciplinary working is highlighted, and, by embedding the principles of holistic care into daily practice, the intensive cardiac care unit can ensure that patients and their families/carers receive the support they need in a timely manner from individuals who are well supported in what is often considered to be one of the most challenging medical environments.
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Rovner, Joshua. Pathologies of Intelligence Producer-Consumer Relations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.272.
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The shift in America’s national security priorities has significantly changed the foreign intelligence needs of US policymakers in recent years. Due to the substantial rise of transnational threats, intelligence requirements have become increasingly numerous and varied, necessitating ever closer communication between consumers and producers to facilitate the production of relevant and timely intelligence. Producer-consumer relations is the glue which pulls together the intelligence cycle; for what happens at the interface of policy and intelligence ultimately determines the success or failure of the entire intelligence endeavor. Efforts to reform intelligence analysis have been motivated by the assumption that accurate analysis naturally leads to effective policy decisions. From this perspective, computational resources have primarily been devoted to the collection and assessment of empirical data in an effort to provide consumers with increasingly accurate predictions. The perennial issues facing the intelligence community can be roughly summarized as follows: the intelligence professional must guard against politicization and uphold his analytical integrity while at the same time maintaining close enough contact with policymakers to provide personalized and relevant intelligence support. Scholars argue that what the producer-consumer relationship needs is not radical change but some amelioration. The general reform objective should be to deepen the incorporation of intelligence throughout the policymaking process, to improve the two-way understanding of policy requirements, and to ensure that the intelligence community maximizes and maintains its unique expertise.
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Kendall, Philip C. Flexibility within Fidelity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197552155.001.0001.
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This book explores empirically supported treatments (ESTs), which can be implemented with integrity and flexibility. There is a consensus, in the field of mental health disorder treatment research, that ESTs have favorable outcomes that are supported by data, and that the outcomes are typically better than other approaches. There is also a consensus that some of the manuals and books that describe ESTs are formulaic, possibly rigid, and that many if not most are likely insensitive to individual patient needs/presentations. With the separate consensuses that ESTs are preferred and that EST materials are stiff, there is a need for accurate communication and reconciliation between the two groups. The book focuses on specific ESTs for identified problem areas amongst adults and children/adolescents, including anxiety disorders, substance use, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), pain management, and depression. It deals with the specific treatment components that are required to maintain fidelity and the features of the EST which can be applied with flexibility, making for a client-focused implementation. The book also provides clinical discussions and examples of how to implement the EST program across client presentations.
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Lee, Angela, Stephanie Cheng, and Dale Lupu. Integrative Palliative Care. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0031.
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Integrative medicine and palliative medicine share many tenets. This chapter reviews integrative approaches to the most common symptoms needing palliation among geriatric patients at the end of life, including pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation, dyspnea, and fatigue. Several palliative care approaches to communication about patient goals and advance care planning for a time when the patient is unable to make decisions are described. Resources to support advance care planning are provided. Finally, issues that need to be addressed by either primary care geriatrics or in consultation with palliative care in the last weeks, days, and hours of life are described.
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Turner, Jane. Working as a multidisciplinary team. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0033.
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Multidisciplinary care is established as the optimal model of clinical treatment of patients with cancer. As cancer treatment becomes increasingly complex, it is obvious that no one individual can maintain knowledge and skills across all domains of care. This means that a collaborative approach is required to ensure that expertise is available to assist in decision-making and planning of treatment, which is evidence-based and focused on the needs of the individual patient, taking into account their social and family context. This chapter describes the benefits of treatment by a multidisciplinary team including a description of the characteristics of well-functioning teams. Information is provided about adverse impacts on patient outcomes if there is poor communication within the multidisciplinary team. Evidence about strategies to improve communication within the multidisciplinary team is presented, supported by practical exercises to apply learning into the clinical setting.
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Martin, Paul, Theodore Alter, Don Hine, and Tanya Howard, eds. Community-based Control of Invasive Species. CSIRO Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308880.
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Invasive species are among the greatest challenges to environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity in the world. One of the most promising approaches to managing invasive species is voluntary citizen stewardship. However, in order for control measures to be effective, private citizens often need to make sustained and sometimes burdensome commitments.
Community-Based Control of Invasive Species is based on five years of research by leading scholars in natural resource and human behavioural sciences, which involved government and citizen groups in Australia and the United States. It examines questions including, 'how can citizens be engaged in voluntarily managing invasive species?', 'what communication strategies will ensure good motivation and coordination?' and 'how can governing bodies support citizens in their efforts?'.
With chapters on institutional frameworks, changing governance, systems thinking, organisational learning, engagement, communication and behavioural change, this book will be a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners involved in natural resources management.
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Levin, Tomer T., and Alison Wiesenthal. Talking about dying. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0022.
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Talking intimately about a person’s death is a poignant conversation. The intensity of this is reduced by locating the discussion within a review of the goals of care and inviting consideration of natural forms of dying. A sequence of well-rehearsed strategies informed by patient-centredness and compassionate support serves the effective accomplishment of this task. Family support is an important related task, often calling for a family meeting to optimize outcomes. Withdrawal of life-prolonging therapies, handling requests for hastened death or futile care, and responding to misunderstanding and family conflict are common predicaments. The use of educational videos about end-of-life decision-making has improved understanding. Clinicians need to be able to comfortably discuss any potential mode of dying and assure the patient and their family of their continuing and committed care. Communication skills training with simulated patients helps optimize the ease with which clinicians can talk about death and dying.
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Clarke, Victoria, and Andrew Walsh, eds. Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199547746.001.0001.
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In order to provide sound, person-centred care, mental health nursing students need a thorough understanding of theory alongside the ability to translate this knowledge into practice. It can be difficult to apply ideas from the classroom and books when learning how to work with mental health service users for the first time. That is why the theoretical aspects of this book are presented alongside realistic accounts of nursing practice. Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing is a case-based and service user centred textbook for mental health nursing students. Designed to support students throughout their pre-registration studies, the text covers the essential knowledge required to provide high quality nursing care. Contributions from real service users and cases of fictional clients are explored in detail to provide excellent transferable skills for practice. Dedicated chapters explore fundamental nursing skills and mental health law before providing a case-based exploration of the areas and subjects that will be encountered by students in university and placement. Practice-based chapters introduce students to the needs of a diverse range of fictional clients and explain how the skills of communication, assessment, care planning and monitoring can be applied. Each chapter provides a sample care plan explaining why and how clinical decisions are made, so that students can develop their own skills and practice. The text opens with clear advice to help students succeed in their studies and concludes with a wealth of practical and thoughtful advice on becoming a professional and getting that first job. Online Resource Centre * Twenty one video clips of fictional service users demonstrate the application of theory and prepare students for real nursing practice * Quizzes, scenarios and a range of activities help students to apply their learning * Interactive glossary explains terminology and jargon * Sample CV's and self awareness exercises aid professional development
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Henry, Claire, and Keri Thomas. Advance care planning in the UK: update on policy and practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802136.003.0008.
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This chapter provides an introduction to and national context for the importance of advance care planning (ACP) in the Department of Health End of Life Care Strategy in England. It also presents background publications which have highlighted the need for ACP, issues surrounding ACP, resources to support the process of ACP, the practicalities of implementation, and further developments. ACP is delivered as a process of discussion between an individual and their care provider, irrespective of discipline, with or without their carer/family involvement. Outputs may include a statement of wishes and preferences, decisions to refuse treatment, and/or Lasting Power of Attorney. Meanwhile, guidance from Health and Social Care Staff has been published. Further work is underway in areas of education, communication, and information transfer.
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Allen, Jeanne, and Simone White, eds. Learning to Teach in a New Era. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108985765.
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Entering the teaching profession in the twenty-first century comes with many challenges and even more opportunities to meet the learning needs of Australian students. Learning to Teach in a New Era provides a fundamental introduction to educational practice for early childhood, primary and secondary preservice teachers. Closely aligned with the Australian Curriculum and the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers, this text builds on foundational knowledge and provides guidance on professional development throughout your career in education. Organised in three sections – professional knowledge, professional practice and professional engagement – and thoroughly updated, this text introduces educational policy and the legal dimensions of education; encourages the development of practical skills in pedagogy, planning, assessment, digital technologies and classroom management; and supports effective communication and ethical practice. This edition features a new chapter exploring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, being and doing, enabling teachers to create respectful and culturally responsive classrooms.
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Knudsen, Jette Steen. Government Regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.003.0013.
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Governments increasingly require that firms address a wide range of corporate social responsibility (CSR) stakeholder demands, rather than narrow shareholder needs. This chapter explores implications for corporate governance of mandatory CSR reporting requirements, focusing in particular on non-financial disclosure, and tax transparency in extractives. Non-financial disclosure requirements are overwhelmingly soft, while tax transparency reporting requirements are hard. Firms typically manage soft CSR programmes in non-core support functions such as communications or health, safety and environment. Soft CSR reporting criteria have limited impact on the internal governance of firms and top-level management decisions. In contrast, hard CSR reporting criteria constitute a key element of corporate governance. Firms manage tax transparency in core corporate functions such as the audit committee, and it is the responsibility of the chief financial officer, who usually sits on the executive board. Top-level management is more likely to take CSR programmes seriously that impose mandatory hard requirements.
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Dickerman, Anna L., Yesne Alici, William Breitbart, and Harvey Max Chochinov. Palliative Care and Spiritual Care of Persons with HIV and AIDS. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0041.
Full textAbstract:
The meaning and role of palliative and spiritual care have evolved over the last decades, along with the dramatically changing clinical picture of AIDS. Although advances in antiretroviral therapy and medical interventions have allowed persons with HIV/AIDS and access to care to live longer and healthier lives, many persons in the United States and throughout the world continue to die of AIDS. There is an increased need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to care including psychosocial and family support. Curative, palliative, and spiritual care should be integrated, without dichotomizing curative and palliative approaches, in order to meet the challenges of AIDS throughout the course of illness. This chapter reviews basic concepts of palliative and spiritual care, as well as specific challenges facing clinicians involved in HIV palliative care. Finally, issues such as bereavement, demoralization, dignity, meaning, cultural sensitivity, doctor–patient communication, and psychiatric contributions to physical symptom control are reviewed.
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Defense acquisitions: Air Force operating and support cost reductions need higher priority : report to the chairman and ranking minority member, Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.
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Defense acquisitions: Air Force operating and support cost reductions need higher priority : report to the chairman and ranking minority member, Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.
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Holloway, Frank, and Tony Davies. The Community Mental Health Team and the mentally disordered offender. Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
There is a long-standing policy of diversion of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) from the criminal justice system to care by mental health services. Care of the MDO presents specific challenges to the non-forensic practitioner. These include the need to understand the workings of the criminal justice system and the specific legal issues presented by an offender, the salience of risk, and its management in the mind of the courts and novel additional ethical dilemmas that arise. The importance of substance misuse as a factor in offending behaviour is emphasized, and its implications are explored. In addition, the MDO may present with clinical problems that are unfamiliar. Key principles of management are set out. These include developing a clear understanding of the patient and their world, excellent communication between all those involved, and rapid intervention when there is cause for concern. Staff working with an MDO require adequate supervision and support.