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Davis, Lee Katherine. "The effects of introductory speech and communication courses on students' levels of communication appehension." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1391.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Interpersonal/Organizational Communication
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Carter, Margaret A. "Reducing high levels of communication apprehension among primary school students." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36550/9/Margaret%20Carter%20Thesis.pdf.
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This study focused on a group of primary school teachers as they implemented a variety of intervention actions within their class programs aimed towards supporting the reduction of high levels of communication apprehension (CA) among students.Six teachers and nine students, located across three primary schools, four year levels,and six classes, participated in this study. For reasons of confidentiality the schools,principals, parents, teachers, teacher assistants, and students who were involved in this study were given fictitious names.
The following research question was explored in this study:
What intervention actions can primary school teachers implement within their class programs that support the reduction of high CA levels among students?
Throughout this study the term CA referred to "an individual's level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated (oral) communication with another person or persons" (McCroskey, 1984, p. 13). The sources of CA were explained with reference to McCroskey's state-trait continuum. The distinctions between high and appropriate levels of CA were determined conceptually and empirically. The education system within which this study was conducted promoted the philosophy of inclusion and the practices of inclusive schooling. Teachers employed
in this system were encouraged to create class programs inclusive of and successful for all students. Consequently the conceptual framework within which this study was
conducted was based around the notion of inclusion.
Action research and case study research were the methodologies used in the study. Case studies described teachers' action research as they responded to the challenge of executing intervention actions within their class programs directed towards supporting the reduction of high CA levels among students. Consequently the
teachers and not the researcher were the central characters in each of the case studies. Three principal data collection instruments were used in this study: Personal Report of Communication Fear (PRCF) scale, semistructured interviews, and dialogue journals. The PRCF scale was the screening tool used to identify a pool of students eligible for the study. Data relevant to the students involved in the study were gathered during semistructured interviews and throughout the dialogue journaling process. Dialogue journaling provided the opportunity for regular contact between teachers and the researcher, a sequence to teacher and student intervention behaviours, and a permanent record of teacher and student growth and development. The majority of teachers involved in this study endeavoured to develop class programs inclusive of all students.These teachers acknowledged the importance of modifying aspects of their class programs in response to the diverse and often multiple needs of individual students with high levels of CA. Numerous conclusions were drawn regarding practical ways that the teachers in this study supported the reduction of high CA levels among students. What this study has shown is that teachers can incorporate intervention actions within their class programs aimed towards supporting students lower their high levels of CA. Whilst no teacher developed an identical approach to intervention, similarities and differences were evident among teachers regarding their selection, interpretation, and implementation of intervention actions.
Actions that teachers enacted within their class programs emerged from numerous fields of research including CA, inclusion, social skills, behaviour teaching, co-operative learning, and quality schools. Each teacher's knowledge of and familiarity with these research fields influenced their preference for and commitment to particular intervention actions. Additional factors including each teacher's paradigm of inclusion and exclusion contributed towards their choice of intervention actions. Possible implications of these conclusions were noted with reference to teachers,school administrators, support personnel, system personnel, teacher educators,
parents, and researchers.
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Wong, Chung-ming Johnny, and 黃聰銘. "A place for music communication." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986122.
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Dilmaghani, Raheleh B. "On improving communication in emergency response at network and organizational levels." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3404612.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 11, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-165).
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Levitt, Jonathan. "An international multidisciplinary analysis of scholarly communication through investigating citation levels." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/41778.
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This thesis seeks to demonstrate that the new facilities of Web of Science (WoS) online can be used in new ways to enhance understanding of scholarly communication. It investigates four aspects of scholarly communication: characteristics of highly cited articles, citation levels of collaborative articles, citation levels of multi-disciplinary articles, and patterns of annual citation of highly cited articles. For the first two topics it investigates the WoS category of ‘Information Science & Library Science’ (IS&LS), whereas for the other topics it compares diverse WoS categories in science and social science. Although its main data source is WoS, its investigation of disciplinarity also uses Scopus. The thesis finds: (a) Highly cited IS&LS articles tend to be multidisciplinary and cited late, but are not necessarily first-authored by influential IS&LS researchers, (b) Amongst un-cite IS&LS articles the proportion of collaborative articles has remained almost constant over the past three decades whereas for higher cited articles it has grown steadily with time, (C) In social science subjects the level of citation of multi-disciplinary research are generally similar to that of mono-disciplinary research, whereas in science the citations levels for multi-disciplinary research are substantially lower than that of mono-disciplinary research, and (d) In both science and social science many very highly cited articles continue to be heavily cited more than twenty years after publication. This thesis also introduces and uses an indicator for measuring the extent of collaboration called ‘average partner scores’ and indicates a way in which the subject categories of WoS can be investigated without requiring a licence for the WoS database. Finally, it identifies and addresses some of the technical problems of using WoS online to investigate scholarly communication.
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Walker, Lianne M. (Lianne Marie) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Differences in perception of communication across levels of perceived familial dysfunction." Ottawa, 1991.
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Hartwig, Katilyn E. "Exploring the Emotional and Cognitive Levels of Uncertainty through Intercultural Communication Intervention." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1485795515022897.
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Bartels, Jos. "Organizational identification and communication: employees' evaluations of internal communication and its effect on identification at different organizational levels." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57442.
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Johnson, Gary L. "Defining risk assessment confidence levels for use in project management communications." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002352.
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Birdsall, Carole Anne. "Self-reported and patient-reported nonverbal communication and empathy levels of nurses /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1991. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/1116833x.
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Thesis (Ed.D.) -- Teachers College, Columbia University, 1991.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Elizabeth M. Maloney. Dissertation Committee: Richard M. Wolf. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-143).
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Landu, Yoliswa. "Assessing the role of the media in influencing confidence levels within state institutions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3732.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The purpose of this thesis is to determine the role played by the media in creating a level of awareness in the public mind, and an associated level of trust and confidence within the legislative arm of government. This is achieved through a qualitative research methodology that includes indepth interviews with experts in the field of political communication, particularly journalists and politicians who are members of parliament. Detailed in-depth questionnaires were also used to ascertain the views of these respondents on the same topic. The research also does a comparative content analysis of two newspapers the Cape Argus and the New Age. The key finding of this thesis is that the state is responsible for its own confidence levels without the role or impact of the media – a view not shared by some members of parliament and communications experts. Indeed, members of parliament feel strongly that the media does not portray a true understanding of the work of parliament and that they should do more than what is currently presented by the media houses across the spectrum in the field of communication.
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Johnson, Gary. "DEFINING RISK ASSESSMENT CONFIDENCE LEVELS FOR USE IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATIONS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2801.
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A review of the literature regarding risk management and effective risk communications identified that very few researchers have addressed risk assessment confidence levels when using risk scoring methods. The focus of this research is to develop a definition of risk assessment confidence levels for use in internal project management communications and to evaluate its usefulness. This research defines risk assessment confidence level as "The degree of certainty that the likelihood or consequence score (assigned by the risk assessor) reflects reality." A specific level of confidence is defined based on the types of analyses that were conducted to determine the risk score. A survey method was used to obtain data from a representative sample of risk assessment professionals from industry and academia to measure their opinion on the usefulness of the defined risk assessment confidence levels. The survey consisted of seven questions related to usefulness--four questions addressed the importance of stating confidence levels in risk assessments and three addressed the usableness of the proposed confidence level. Data were collected on the role and experience level of each of the respondents and the survey also included a comment section to obtain additional feedback. The survey generated 364 respondents representing a broad variety of roles associated with decision making and risk management with experience levels from fairly new to experienced risk assessors. The survey data were analyzed by calculating the proportion of respondents who gave negative, neutral and positive responses to the survey questions. An examination of the roles of the survey respondents indicated that no single group was dominant. A non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test generally failed to reject the hypothesis that the means of the survey response distributions were identical. There was one exception which indicated that there are differences based on role and by inspection of the responses, it appears that decision makers, academics, and others more strongly support the need for confidence level information to reduce the difficulty in making risk based decisions in projects. The survey responses at a confidence level of 95% have a range of errors from 3.84 to 4.97%. Based on the results of the survey, 77 – 83% of those surveyed indicated agreement that knowing the confidence the assessors have in their assessment is important and would improve a management decision. The survey showed that 60 – 86% of the respondents agreed that the confidence levels and their definitions as presented in the survey were usable. The question with the lowest agreement (60%) was related to the way in which the individual levels were defined. The ad-hoc comments provided in the survey were divided into eleven groups based on similarity of the subject of the comment and then examined for common themes. These added additional insight into the results and useful information for future research efforts. This research validates that the use of risk assessment confidence levels is considered to be useful in project risk management. The research also identified several potential areas for future work, including determining the appropriate number of confidence levels that should be defined, refining the definition of the individual confidence level definitions, examining historical perspectives of whether the risk assessments were accurate, examining the concept of shiftability of risk assessments, further research on communication of variability of risk assessments, and research into the usefulness of risk matrices.Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD
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Jamison, David L. "Effects of communication/listening skills & conflict resolution skills on lowering anger levels and raising marital satisfaction levels for married couples." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Barker, Steven M. "Radiomen staffing levels for the United States Coast Guard Pacific Area Communication System." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28488.
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Weiss, Charles Tabor. "Use of Digital Technologies in Graphic Communication Education." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27734.
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This study investigated the use of digital technologies in secondary and post-secondary graphic communication education. Specifically it investigated: 1) the extent to which graphic communication educators utilized digital technologies in conjunction with instruction; 2) how selected factors affected graphic communication teachersâ implementation of digital technologies in their instruction; and, 3) how selected factors affected teacher and learner-centered instructional practices.
The Levels of Technology Implementation (LoTi) and â Technology Use Surveyâ instruments were administered to secondary and post-secondary graphic communication educators via the Web to assess: 1) the frequency of use of 17 different digital technologies; 2) the nature and level of digital technology implementation; 3) current instructional practices; and 4) demographic characteristics.
Graphic communication educators (n = 191) responding to the survey utilized a wide variety of digital technologies as part of their instruction. The data indicated that most students in graphic communication classes use computers, page layout software, and the Internet (for accessing digital content) â almost daily.â Most graphic communication students were creating and/or editing vector and raster graphics â several times a week.â Most graphic communication teachers reported student use of digital still cameras, digital instructional tutorials and the Internet (to solve technical problems) was limited to â several times a month,â while most students were creating digital multimedia projects only â several times each year.â Most respondents chose â neverâ to describe studentsâ use of: digital video cameras, digital drawing tablets, creating and/or editing Web pages with a WYSIWYG or HTML editors, digital spreadsheets, digital databases, and digital animations. Findings from this study further indicate graphic communication educators demonstrate high to extremely high skill levels using computers for personal use and implement digital technologies in ways that begin to shift the learning environment from teacher-centered to student-centered, but may not be effectively updating their curriculum to reflect current graphic communication industry workforce needs.Ph. D.
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Ruaro, Marcelo. "Self-adaptive QOS at communication and computation levels for many-core system-on-chip." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/11785.
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Previous issue date: 2018Many-core systems-on-chip are the state-of-the-art in processing power, reaching from a dozen to thousands of processing elements (PE) in a single integrated circuit. General purpose many-cores assume a dynamic application admission, where the application set is unknown at design-time and applications may start their execution at any moment, inducing interference between them. Some applications may have real-time constraints to fulfill, requiring levels of quality of service (QoS) from the system. Due to the high degree of resource’s utilization unpredictability and the number of components to manage, self-adaptive properties become fundamental to support QoS at run-time. The literature provides several self-adaptive QoS proposals, targeting either communication (e.g., Network-on-Chip) or computation resources (e.g., CPU). However, to offer a complete QoS support, it is fundamental to provide a comprehensive self-awareness of the system’s resources, assuming adaptive techniques enabling to act simultaneously at the communication and computation levels to meet the applications' constraints. To cope with these requirements, this Thesis proposes a self-adaptive QoS infrastructure and management techniques, covering both the computation and communication levels. At the computation level, the QoS-driven infrastructure comprises a dynamic real-time task scheduler and a low overhead task migration protocol. These techniques ensure computation QoS by managing the CPU utilization and allocation.The novelty of the task scheduler is the support for dynamic real-time constraints, which leverage more flexibility to tasks to explore the CPU according to a variable workload. The novelty of the task migration protocol is its low execution time overhead compared to the state-of-the-art. At the communication level, the proposed technique is a Circuit-Switching (CS) approach based on the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. The SDN paradigm for NoCs is an innovation of this Thesis and is achieved through a generic software and hardware architecture. For communication QoS, SDN is used to define CS paths at run-time. A self-adaptive QoS management following the ODA (Observe Decide Act) paradigm controls these QoS-driven infrastructures in an integrated way, implementing a closed loop for run-time adaptations. The QoS management is self-aware of the system and running applications and can decide to take adaptations at computation or communication levels based on the task feedbacks, environment monitoring, and QoS fulfillment monitoring. The self-adaptation decides reactively as well as proactively. An online application profile learning technique is proposed to trace the behavior of the RT tasks and enabling the proactive actions. Results show that the proposed self-adaptive QoS management can restore the QoS level for the applications with a low overhead over the applications execution time. A broad evaluation, using known benchmarks, shows that even under severe QoS disturbances at computation and communication levels, the execution time of the application is restored near to the optimal scenario, mitigating 99.5% of deadline misses.
Sistemas multi-núcleos intra-chip são o estado-da-arte em termos de poder computacional, alcançando de dúzias a milhares de elementos de processamentos (PE) em um único circuito integrado. Sistemas multi-núcleos de propósito geral assumem uma admissão dinâmica de aplicações, onde o conjunto de aplicações não é conhecido em tempo de projeto e as aplicações podem iniciar sua execução a qualquer momento. Algumas aplicações podem ter requisitos de tempo real, requisitando níveis de qualidade de serviço (QoS) do sistema. Devido ao alto grau de imprevisibilidade do uso dos recursos e o grande número de componentes para se gerenciar, propriedades autoadaptativas tornam-se fundamentais para dar suporte a QoS em tempo de execução. A literatura fornece diversas propostas de QoS autoadaptativo, focado em recursos de comunicação (ex., redes intra-chip), ou computação (ex., CPU). Contudo, para fornecer um suporte de QoS completo, é fundamental uma autoconsciência abrangente dos recursos do sistema, e assumir técnicas adaptativas que permitem agir em ambos os níveis de comunicação e computação para atender os requisitos das aplicações. Para suprir essas demandas, essa Tese propõe uma infraestrutura e técnicas de gerenciamento de QoS autoadaptativo, cobrindo ambos os níveis de computação e comunicação. No nível de computação, a infraestrutura para QoS consiste em um escalonador dinâmico de tarefas de tempo real e um protocolo de migração de tarefas de baixo custo.Estas técnicas fornecem QoS de computação, devido ao gerenciamento da utilização e alocação da CPU. A novidade do escalonador de tarefas é o suporte a requisitos de tempo real dinâmicos, o que gera mais flexibilidade para as tarefas em explorar a CPU de acordo com uma carga de trabalho variável. A novidade do protocolo de migração de tarefas é o baixo custo no tempo de execução comparado a trabalhos do estado-da-arte. No nível de comunicação, a técnica proposta é um chaveamento por circuito (CS) baseado em redes definidas por software (SDN). O paradigma SDN para NoCs é uma inovação desta Tese, e é alcançado através de uma arquitetura genérica de software e hardware. Para QoS de comunicação, SDN é usado para definir caminhos CS em tempo de execução. Essas infraestruturas de QoS são gerenciadas de uma forma integrada por um gerenciamento de QoS autoadaptativo, o qual segue o paradigma ODA (Observar, Decidir, Agir), implementando um laço fechado de adaptações em tempo de execução. O gerenciamento de QoS é autoconsciente dos recursos do sistema e das aplicações em execução, e pode decidir por adaptações no nível de computação ou comunicação, baseado em notificações das tarefas, monitoramento do ambiente, e monitoramento de atendimento de QoS.A autoadaptação decide reativamente assim como proativamente. Uma técnica de aprendizagem do perfil das aplicações é proposta para traçar o comportamento das tarefas de tempo real, possibilitando ações proativas. Resultados gerais mostram que o gerenciamento de QoS autoadaptativo proposto pode restaurar os níveis de QoS para as aplicações com um baixo custo no tempo de execução das aplicações. Uma avaliação abrangente, assumindo diversos benchmarks mostra que, mesmo sob diversas interferências de QoS nos níveis de computação e comunicação, o tempo de execução das aplicações é restaurado próximo ao cenário ótimo, como 99,5% das violações de deadlines mitigadas.
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Porter, Robin K. "Levels of Effectiveness of Communication Skills Used by College Students During The Job Search Process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33529.
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One historic mission of higher education has been to produce good citizens. To ensure that students develop into productive citizens, institutions of higher education aim to assist students in exploring their career interests and finding jobs upon graduation.
Employers have reported that college students conducting job search processes do not posses the skills they seek in applicants. Specifically, employers have mentioned the lack of written and oral communication skills among applicants.
It would seem that there is a clear distinction between the communication skills that employers seek and the communication skills that students offer. Employers believe that students lack the basic skills of speaking and listening. They also believe the writing skills of applicants are insufficient.
This study was designed to gain a better understanding of the level of effectiveness of the communication skills used by college students during a job search process. Specifically this study will look at written communication skills. The sample will include 120 students involved in a job search process during the spring, 2000 academic term. Data will consist of cover letters and resumes that students use when conducting a job search. Results will be analyzed by rating the data on issues like grammar, language and spelling, and clarity. Results will be analyzed for all participants. Analysis will also be conducted to explore differences by race, gender, and academic college (Arts and Sciences, Engineering, and Business).
The results of this study provided some interesting information about the written communication skills used by students during their job search. Overall, students demonstrated that they have a good understanding of how to present Aesthetically pleasing Cover Letters and Resumes that appropriately address the components in these documents. Results also showed that women have stronger written communication skills than men. Majority students proved to be more adept than minority students at composing Cover Letters and Resumes. Finally, results showed that students from the College of Business have stronger written communication skills than students from the College of Engineering.Master of Arts
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Balog, Barbara Jean. "Work images and clozentropy : a communication study of engineers at three levels of professional development /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555439774.
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PEGORARO, ANNA. "The P2X7 receptor modulates extracellular ATP levels cell to cell communication and chemoresistance in oncogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488306.
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ATP accumulates in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and via its receptor P2X7 is involved in immune response, cancer proliferation and metastasis formation. In this study we investigated ATP release, P2X7 expression and its function in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and melanoma. In an in vivo AML model, treatment with daunorubicin causes the release of ATP in TME that is associated to tumour eradicating immune response. When we analysed the two functional P2X7 isoforms (P2X7A and P2X7B) in an AML population we observed that they are both overexpressed in patients affected by AML as compared to myelodysplastic syndrome, a pre-cancerous condition leading to AML development, supporting the hypothesis that both receptors variants positively correlate with disease progression. Interestingly, when we subdivided AML patients according to diagnostic phase, we observed that in relapsing patients while P2X7A decreases, P2X7B is significantly increased. On the contrary, when comparing de novo with remitting patients both P2X7A and B show a tendency to decrease. These data suggest that P2X7B over-expressing blasts could be resistant to chemotherapy and responsible for the relapse of AML, due to the differential activity as cytolytic pore (P2X7A) and proliferation promoting channel (P2X7B) of the two isoforms. Moreover, only P2X7A acts as facilitating pathway for cellular uptake of daunorubicin. Accordingly, in an AML murine models both daunorubicin and the P2X7 antagonist AZ10606120 significantly reduced tumour cell growth but the co-administration of the two drugs proved more efficacious. Of interest, while daunorubicin alone caused an increase in P2X7B expression in the tumour, the co-treatment with the P2X7 blocking drug was able to reduce P2X7B levels. Aiming to explain these results, we demonstrated that daunorubicin toxicity was strongly increased in cells expressing only P2X7A, while expression of P2X7B protected the cells from daunorubicin-dependent death. Taken together our data suggest that both P2X7A and P2X7B isoforms could be useful prognostic markers and P2X7B could be a potential therapeutic target in AML. Similarly to what demonstrated for AML, P2X7 antagonism significantly decreased primary tumour growth in an in vivo model of melanoma. However, metastatic forms of melanoma are those representing clinical challenge and in need of new therapies, therefore we extended our P2X7 study to metastatic form of the disease. Analysis of melanoma patients showed an increased P2X7 expression in melanoma with metastasis at distant sites as compared to low disseminating form suggesting an association between over-expression of the receptor and metastatic spreading. To study whether P2X7 antagonism can also inhibit melanoma invasiveness we performed in vitro experiments showing that P2X7 blocking drugs significantly reduced proliferation, transformation and colony formation of melanoma cells. While in an in vivo experiment P2X7 antagonist slowed down the spreading of melanoma cells reducing metastasis formation. In an effort to identify the mechanisms activated by P2X7 in metastatic melanoma, we studied release of vesicles, a mechanism involved in cell-to-cell communication, tumour growth promotion and metastatic evolution. We demonstrated P2X7 dependent release from melanoma cells of large and small vesicles, and the analysis of the miRNA content, before and after P2X7 stimulation, showed a different global miRNA expression profile. These data suggest a possible role of P2X7 in melanoma dissemination maybe due to vesicles release and make P2X7 a potential pharmacological target for advanced melanoma treatment.Nel microambiente tumorale l’ATP tramite il recettore P2X7 attiva la risposta immunitaria, la proliferazione e la metastatizzazione. Nel mio progetto di dottorato ho analizzato il ruolo dell'ATP extracellulare (eATP) e del recettore P2X7 nella leucemia mieloide acuta (LMA) e nel melanoma. Abbiamo dimostrato che il chemioterapico daunorubicina causa il rilascio di ATP nel microambiente tumorale inducendo l'attivazione di una risposta immunitaria antitumorale. Abbiamo inoltre analizzato l'espressione delle due principali varianti di splicing del recettore (P2X7A e P2X7B) in una popolazione costituita da pazienti affetti da sindrome mielodisplastica e pazienti affetti da MLA non ancora sottoposti a chemioterapia. L’espressione di entrambe le isoforme aumenta nei pazienti con leucemia suggerendo che entrambe le isoforme correlino con la progressione della patologia. Invece, tra i pazienti LMA sottoposti a chemioterapia, quelli in remissione presentano una diminuzione dell’espressione di entrambe le isoforme mentre quelli in ricaduta presentano una diminuzione dell'isoforma A e un aumento dell'isoforma B. I dati ottenuti suggeriscono che i blasti leucemici esprimenti prevalentemente l'isoforma B siano in grado di resistere agli effetti citotossici della chemioterapia. Un modello murino di leucemia ci ha permesso di verificare l’effetto di un farmaco antagonista del recettore P2X7 (AZ10606120) sulla crescita tumorale e sull'espressione delle isoforme A e B. Entrambi i farmaci riducono la crescita tumorale, ma se somministrati contemporaneamente sono più efficaci. Interessante è notare che la daunorubicina da sola causi un aumento dell'espressione del P2X7B nel tumore, mentre la somministrazione insieme all'antagonista ne riduca l'espressione. Abbiamo inoltre dimostrato che la presenza del P2X7A nelle cellule aumenta la tossicità della daunorubicina mentre il P2X7B ha un effetto protettivo nei suoi confronti. In conclusione nella LMA P2X7A e P2X7B possono essere considerati dei marcatori diagnostici data la loro diversa espressione e funzione in risposta alla chemioterapia e nei casi in cui ci sia una prevalenza del P2X7B questo potrebbe essere utilizzato come bersaglio terapeutico. Abbiamo inoltre dimostrato che l'antagonista P2X7 è efficace nel ridurre la crescita tumorale anche in un modello in vivo di melanoma primario. Abbiamo studiato l'espressione del recettore nei melanomi metastatici e il suo ruolo nella formazione di metastasi. L'analisi di pazienti con melanoma ha dimostrato come l'espressione del recettore aumenti con l’aumentare della distanza dei siti di insorgenza delle metastasi rispetto al tumore primario. Esperimenti condotti in vitro hanno evidenziato come il trattamento con antagonisti del P2X7 riduca la proliferazione cellulare, la capacità di formare colonie su soft agar e la migrazione di cellule di melanoma. Invece, con un esperimento in vivo abbiamo dimostrato come il trattamento dei topi con un antagonista del P2X7 riduca la diffusione delle cellule di melanoma e la formazione di metastasi. I meccanismi molecolari attivati dal recettore durante il processo di metastatizzazione non sono del tutto chiari. Perciò abbiamo deciso di studiare il rilascio di vescicole in seguito alla stimolazione del recettore. Abbiamo dimostrato come l’attivazione del P2X7 causi il rilascio di vescicole di diverse dimensioni dalle cellule di melanoma. L’analisi dei microRNA contenuti nelle vescicole raccolte prima e dopo stimolazione del recettore ha mostrato come queste vescicole trasportino miRNA a concentrazioni differenti o di natura diversa. Questi risultati suggeriscono che il recettore P2X7 giochi un ruolo importante nella metastatizzazione del melanoma probabilmente attraverso il rilascio di vescicole e perciò può essere considerato un potenziale bersaglio farmacologico per le forme avanzate di melanoma.
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Kagan, Pamela Lynne. "The influence of self-esteem on levels of self-disclosure." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2214.
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This study will further the base of research concerned with the phenomenon of self-esteem and its relationship to self-disclosure. The view one has of self significantly affects attitudes, behaviors, evaluations, and cognitive processes. By correlating the self-esteem measure with a pen and paper measure of self-disclosure, and a behavioral measure of self-disclosure, we will have a better understanding of the relationship self-esteem has in regulating or influencing what we disclose of ourselves to others. Also, we can determine if one's reported disclosures are a measurement of one's actual disclosures.
This study examined whether self-esteem influences an individual's readiness to self-disclose.
It would make intuitive sense that we should seek to understand conditions that affect the degree to which individuals are more or less likely to disclose information about themselves. In this way, we will be better equipped to promote and maintain relationships. Research has suggested that disclosure promotes relational growth. If we better understand the conditions that affect levels of disclosure, we can establish deeper, more committed relations with others, as well as communicate more effectively.
Self-esteem refers to an individual's personal judgement of his or her worth. This construct was operationalized by using the Index of Self-Esteem, ISE.
Self-disclosure is any message about the self that a person communicates to another. It implies that in some situations an individual chooses how much or how little to divulge. This construct was operationalized by using Viii the Disclosiveness/Disclosure Scale-RSDS, and also by having subjects rate their actual disclosures: BSDl - openness; BSD2 - comfort; and BSD3 - level (See Appendices A,B,& C).
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Daniels, Alexander R. "Extreme exposure biomarker levels: do physicians want to be informed?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439281144.
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Barina, Paul J. "Engineering Communication: Understanding The Young Engineer's Ability to Interact with Various Employee Levels in Different Industries." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429025121.
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Berube, D. Steven. "Assessing differences in data and information makeup at two different organizational levels using two managerial jobs." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040410/.
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Quiterio, Capeli Marilia. "Micro-influencers’ impact on engagement levels for fashion retail brands on Instagram." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/884.
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With the increase of social media usage and its relevance for the millennial generation, social media influencers rise as credible sources who influence their followers purchase behaviors. Micro-influencers have up to 400,00 followers and fashion brands are constantly collaborating with them to generate brand awareness. The purpose of this study is to analyze how micro-influencers impact engagement levels on fashion retail brands’ accounts on Instagram and what common visual patterns the posts with higher levels of engagement present. A sample of 817 posts from three different brands were analyzed to provide insight in what kind of posts generates higher engagement levels: motivational posts, product posts, model/catalog, micro-influencer, influencer, or none of the above. A content analysis was conducted and after all the posts were coded, the top 100 with the highest engagement levels were submitted to a frame analysis so common patterns and themes could be recognized among the top engagement posts.
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Edwards, Todd M. "Levels of personal disclosure and engagement in communication of later-life couples coping with chronic illness." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40325.
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The relationships between marital communication of later-life couples coping with chronic, physical illness, caregiver depression and marital satisfaction were examined in this study of 25 patients and their spouse caregivers. Guided by Bowen Theory, lag sequential analyses and sequence repetition analyses were conducted on observational data to determine the effects of open communication, closed communication, and pursuer-distancer communication on caregiver depression and marital satisfaction. The findings indicate that reciprocal closed communication between caregivers and spouses was positively related to caregiver depression, reciprocal open communication between caregivers and spouses was negatively related to marital satisfaction, and reciprocal pursuer-distancer communication was negatively related to marital satisfaction. Further, sustained pursuer-distancer communication was related to higher caregiver depression. Communication patterns were found to be related to family of origin relationships. Possible explanations for these findings and implications for family therapy and future research are discussed.Ph. D.
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Brady-Herbst, Brenene Marie. "An Analysis of Spondee Recognition Thresholds in Auditory-only and Audio-visual Conditions." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5218.
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To date there are no acceptable speechreading tests with normative or psychometric data indicating the test is a valid and reliable measure of speechreading assessment. Middlewerd and Plomp (1987) completed a study of speechreading assessment using sentences (auditory-only and auditory-visual) in the presence of background noise. Results revealed speech reception thresholds to be lower in the auditory-visual condition. Montgomery and Demorest ( 1988) concurred that these results were appealing, but unfortunately not efficient enough to be used clinically. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically valid and reliable assessment of speech reading ability, following Middlewerd and Plomp's ( 1987) framework to achiev~ this goal. The method of obtaining a valid assessment tool was to define a group of stimuli that can be administered and scored to produce reliable data efficiently. Because spondaic words are accepted as a reliable method of clinically achieving speech reception thresholds, they were chosen to be used as the stimuli in this study to develop an efficient clinical speechreading assessment tool. Ten subjects were presented with spondaic words in each of two conditions, auditory-only and auditory-visual, in the presence of background noise. The spondee words were randomized for each presentation, to validate the data. A computerized presentation was used so that each subject received the identical input. The computer also produced a performance-intensity function for each spondaic word. Results revealed an acceptable speech recognition threshold for 18 of the 36 spondee words in the auditory-only condition; 6 words were outside of one standard deviation; and the remaining 12 words did not produce obtainable thresholds. In the auditory-visual condition, all words except one had no obtainable threshold. Although these results invalidated the spondee words as an acceptable stimuli, the study does validate the foundation for further research to study different types of stimuli using this same framework.
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Lucas, Jeffrey. "Impact of Incorporating Visual Speech in Web-Based Training on Levels of Engagement." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1402418140.
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Shlomo, Gross Mihaela. "I’m OK”: Levels of Communication and Trauma Recovery in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113422.
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Jonathan Safran Foer’s novel Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close stands out from the nationalistic-toned American “9/11 novels”. It depicts the story of a young boy and his grandparents who are left with the aftermath of losing a loved one in the attack on the twin towers. However, the complexity of the three main characters and the depth of their individual and common traumas make the novel go beyond the usual nationalistic 9/11 narrative and focus on the personal and, consequently, the national trauma. This essay analyses the possibility of coping with and recovering from trauma through communication. Dominick LaCapra’s trauma theory notions of “working through” and “acting out”, as well as other traumatic memory research highlight the necessity of utterance in order to overcome trauma and to attempt an existence beyond it. In the instance of the three traumatized characters of the novel, the confessional language is entangled, broken and sometimes muted. This makes the recovery difficult in the case of the grandparents, almost impossible for the character of Grandpa. When it comes to the young boy, Oskar Schell, a more successful communication seems to open up the possibility of mental healing. These personal traumas are a reflection of a broader American trauma where an obsessive “rememoration” of the September 11 events and one-sided, revenge loaded public discourse do not seem to facilitate the national healing process. On all these levels, personal and community, the need and the difficult attempt to communicate the trauma of 9/11 does not necessarily grant recovery from it, but it facilitates a desired “working though” process.
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Schwartz, Taryn. "Communication in health within the South African context : current practices employed across three levels of health care." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2934.
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Peterson, Rebecca Jo. "What Did You Say? Investigating the Relationship of Self-Perceived Communication Competence and Mindfulness in Communication on Levels of Organizational Trust in a Postsecondary Academic Library." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9111.
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Successful educational systems are established, maintained, and cultivated on a foundation of trust. Effective communication among colleagues is widely accepted as a characteristic of groups who establish and maintain high levels of trust. Despite the importance of the relationships between interpersonal communication skills and levels of organizational trust in postsecondary educational settings, there is very little published on this topic. Further, no published research was located that examined relationships between measures of mindfulness in communication with levels of organizational trust in postsecondary educational settings. This study examined relationships between measures of competent and mindful communication with levels of organizational trust among coworkers, with supervisors, and with the organization in a postsecondary academic library. Study participants included 116 out of 150 non-student library employees of a postsecondary academic library on a large suburban private university campus. The research survey was comprised of four different instruments: the SocioCommunicative Orientation Scale (SCO; Richmond & McCroskey, 1990); the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS; Martin & Rubin, 1995); the Mindfulness in Communication Scale (MCS; Arendt et al., 2019); and the Workplace Trust Survey (WTS; Ferres & Travaglione, 2003). The functioning of each instrument was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. Satisfactory model fit for each instrument was obtained. Structural equation modeling revealed that self-reported levels of communication responsiveness predicted levels of trust in coworkers (p = .02). Perceived levels of mindfulness in communication of coworkers predicted levels of trust in coworkers (p < .001), and perceived levels of mindfulness in communication of supervisors (p < .001) predicted levels of trust in supervisors. This research suggests that perceptions of mindfulness in communication among coworkers and with supervisors are associated with levels of organizational trust within postsecondary academic settings in important ways. Further research is necessary to increase understanding of the relationships between mindfulness in communication and organizational trust in educational environments.
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Taqieddin, Eyad Salah. "Energy-aware and secure routing with trust levels for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/dissertation_09007dcc8033e18a.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed October 25, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Yang, Chi-Shou Justin. "A COMPARISON OF LEADERSHIP TRAITS ACROSS COUNTRIES: TAIWAN AND UNITED STATES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/646.
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With the rise of new technologies, geographical and political boundaries between companies are disappearing. Managers within multinational organizations are faced with the challenge of adapting to new paradigms of leadership while leading employees who may share different backgrounds. With businesses becoming more globalized, it is important to know and understand how to lead and interact with people from other cultures. The purpose of the study is to explore and describe similarities or differences with managers from the United States and managers from Taiwan in relation to the 29 leadership traits overall as well as at individual management levels. As a result, this study also offers practical recommendations for managers of all levels and backgrounds to grow their international business opportunities through deeper knowledge of themselves and their international business partners.
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Condon, Robert D. "The apprehensive intern : a study of the communication apprehension levels of journalism and public relations interns during supervisor interactions." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286399.
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Insufficient research has addressed communication apprehension (CA) as it relates explicitly to the journalism and public relations disciplines. The purpose of this study was to measure the CA levels of undergraduate journalism and public relations interns after participating in communication events with their immediate supervisors during their internship experiences.A total of 55 male and female undergraduate students, who had completed internships in the four semesters prior to this study, chose to participate. McCroskey's Personal Report of Communication Apprehension 24 (PRCA-24) scale (McCroskey 1984b) was administered to each participant to measure CA in four contexts: group discussions, meetings, interpersonal communication, and public speaking. The two hypotheses predicted significant differences in CA levels based on the age differences and sex differences between interns and their immediate supervisors. The results showed no significance for either hypothesis. Limitations and implications for future research were discussed in the final chapter.Department of Journalism
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Roberts, Alison Divett. "Perceptions of English Proficiency Levels: The Unspoken Expectations of Native English Speakers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3683.
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This study investigates the relationship between nonnative English speaker (NNES) proficiency level and native English speaker (NES) level of comfort interacting with NNES. The purpose of this study was to discover at what proficiency level NESs feel comfortable interacting with NNES. This study also looked at how communicative task and NES demographic variables affected the proficiency expectations NNESs have for NESs. Participants included 120 NESs and 7 NNESs. The NESs listened to sound clips from the 7 NNESs and rated how comfortable they would feel (on a scale of 0-10, 10 indicating very comfortable) interacting with the speaker in a variety of communication tasks. Listeners rated intermediate and advanced level speakers significantly higher than the novice speakers. Additionally, there was not a significant difference between mean ratings for the intermediate and advanced speakers. Communication task was revealed as having a significant main effect on task. Listeners rated that they would feel least comfortable communicating with the speakers over the phone while discussing a customer service issue. They also indicated that they would feel least comfortable interacting with the speakers if they were their boss. Listener demographic variables did not have a significant main effect on overall ratings, but were significant for some tasks when task was analyzed individually. Specifically, age and frequency of interaction with NNES had an effect on some tasks; however the reliability of this result is affected by sample size. These results suggest a threshold relationship between NES comfort ratings and speaker proficiency level. Additionally, the data suggests that task may be more important than proficiency level in some interactions. A larger sample is needed to better understand the role NES demographic variables may play in level of comfort during NES and NNES interaction.
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Daynes, Lu. "wtf? : the role of netspeak on levels of distress in internet based therapies and subsequent impact on therapist understanding." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/297681.
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Internet-based therapies are growing in number and popularity and cover a diverse range of practices for both individuals and groups. In concordance with the hyperpersonal theory and online disinhibition effect, people more readily disclose personal information when conducted via the internet. Due to technological constraints and social interactions, a non-standard language developed and has widely been termed “netspeak” (Crystal, 2006). Emotional words are processed differently to non-emotional words. Further, people do not connect with abbreviations on the same emotional level as they do when the words are written in full. Three studies were conducted: the first focused on assessing if a short emotionally evocative mini-biography had an emotional impact on participants. This material was then used in a second study which was a mass-testing of 62 young people on whether netspeak can change the impact on mood. The study used 3 conditions whereby participants re-wrote the mini-biography into either full English, using Netspeak or in their own words. A new vignette was created from the Netspeak condition to use as material for a third study. This final study was conducted via email into how much a psychological therapist understood what had been written in the Netspeak vignette. No differences were seen from re-writing an emotional biography in netspeak to English. Although psychological therapists demonstrated some understanding of the netspeak vignette, there was evidence of misinterpretation, presumption and misunderstanding suggesting that there may be some barrier to communication in internet therapy. The clinical implications of this research suggest that psychological therapists need to reflect on their practice in order to be aware of the level of assumption that can be made during therapy.
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Engwall, Therese. "Payment for ecosystem services in Vietnam : Perceptions of policy mobility on different levels." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380621.
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Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) has been seen as a strategy to reduce poverty while maintaining and increasing the supply of ecosystem services. Vietnam is the first country in Southeast Asia to implement PES as a law for forest protection. Several studies of PES in Vietnam have been done, where the positive results tend to come from provinces with higher payments. This also seem to correlate with the level of environmental awareness and engagement among local communities. In this study, interviews with NGOs and institutions were conducted with the purpose to investigate their perception of the understanding of PES on a local level, and how they are working for improvements. All interviewees recognized that there are problems with the top-down design of the policy and raised issues such as lack of communication, low and risky payments and low rates of engagement within local communities. The interviewees are working for improvements from different angles and levels. The effectivity approach has led to an overall higher understanding of PES in Vietnam, whilst a more fair approach might be needed to achieve a long-term change of behaviour.
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Nymeyer, Kayla Marie. "Parameters that Affect the Comfort Levels of Native English Speakers Communicating with Non-Native English Speakers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5770.
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This study explores how native English speakers (NESs) are affected by the backgrounds of non-native English speakers (NNESs) when it comes to being comfortable interacting with then in English. Speech samples of 12 NNESs were gathered from the Level Achievement Tests conducted at Brigham Young University's English Language Center. There were six speakers who spoke Spanish as their first language (L1) and six speakers who spoke Chinese as their L1. In each L1 group, there were two Low proficiency speakers, two Mid proficiency speakers, and two High proficiency speakers. The speech samples were included in a Qualtrics survey which was completed by 122 American NES participants. The NES participants listened to each speech sample and rated their comfort level interacting with each NNES speaker in six different communication situations categorized as either formal or casual. The results were statistically analyzed in order to determine the effect of proficiency level, L1, and communication situation on NES comfort levels in NNES interactions. High proficiency speakers were rated significantly higher than Mid proficiency speakers which were in turn rated higher than Low proficiency speakers. Spanish L1 speakers were rated higher than Chinese L1 speakers. The more casual communication situations were ranked higher than the more formal communication situations. A statistical analysis of the interaction between proficiency level and L1 revealed that Spanish L1 speakers were strongly preferred at higher proficiency levels but Chinese L1 speakers were preferred at lower proficiency levels. These results suggest that Spanish L1 speakers have a greater need to be higher than Low proficiency while Chinese L1 speakers have a greater need to achieve High proficiency. NNESs who anticipate being in formal situations should also aim for High proficiency.
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Palmer, Panika Ellis. "Changes in Acoustic and Kinematic Articulatory Working Space Across Three Intensity Levels." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5786.
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The purpose of this study was to compare changes in acoustic and kinematic measures of articulation across soft, comfortable, and loud speech conditions. There were 19 participants, 9 male and 10 female, with age ranging from 20 to 34 with a median age of 25. Each participant had electromagnetic sensors glued to their tongue, jaw, and lips. It was anticipated that the acoustic measures would accurately reflect the kinematic measures of speech as articulation changed across the intensity levels. Vowel space area (VSA) and vowel articulation index (VAI) were computed from the three corner vowels, /α, i, u/. Articulatory-acoustic vowel space (AAVS), a sentence-level acoustic measure, was computed from the continuous formant histories for all voiced segments in a sentence. Kinematic-vowel space area (KVSA), kinematic-vowel articulation index (KVAI), and articulatory-kinematic vowel space (AKVS) were the kinematic equivalents of the acoustic measures, and were newly developed for the present study. Stroke metrics based on the speed history of the lingual movements were also used to reveal average kinematic features of the articulatory gestures in each participant's speech. The data revealed that the isolated acoustic and kinematic measures that used corner vowels (VSA, VAI. KVSA, KVAI) did not change significantly with intensity. The sentence-level continuous measures of articulatory working space (AAVS and AKVS) increased as speech intensity increased. The other sentence-level kinematic metrics also changed significantly with speech intensity, including increases in hull volume, onset speed, peak speed, mean speed, and distance. Stroke duration decreased as speech intensity increased. These findings suggest that measures based on isolated corner vowels are not as reflective as continuous measures of changes in articulatory movement in speech.
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Riedle, Danielle. "Transformational vs. Transactional Leaders| How Different Leadership Behaviors and Communication Styles Affect Levels of Employee Motivation in the Financial Industry." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1591122.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of organizational workers to identify (1) To what extent do the perceptions of support staff in the financial industry regarding the leadership behaviors of direct supervisors affect their levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, (2) What motivational techniques used by transactional and transformational leaders appear to be most effective at motivating support staff in the financial industry. The research questions were investigated through qualitative in-depth interviews with 14 employees in the financial industry. Analysis of data shows a close relationship with transformational leaders and positive intrinsic employee motivation and with transactional leaders a positive relationship with extrinsic employee motivation. The results of this study indicate that when intrinsic motivation is available without any extrinsic motivation, people are motivated intrinsically, but the feelings of motivation diminish quickly. When intrinsic motivation is present with extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation is significantly undermined. The large difference in the generational cohorts was the most substantial finding from this study. Over eighty three percent of the younger generational cohort (22-28 years old) preferred a transactional leader and just over 83 percent of the older generational cohort (43-54 years old) preferred a transformational leader. The results of this study have implications for recruiting and selection, and leadership development.
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Steele, Damion. "The Relationship Between Education Levels and Public Opinion Before the Iraq War." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5787.
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Researchers have found that higher education is known to stabilize political opinions and thought to enhance critical thinking skills. The role that an individual's level of education plays in shaping public opinion during a foreign affairs crisis, within the context of repetitious and uniform news media coverage, has yet to be determined. The theoretical foundation of agenda-setting explains how salience is created by emphasizing certain messages and influencing public opinion and may bypass education and political knowledge. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between education level and public opinion immediately before the Iraq War. The analysis used a secondary dataset consisting of 3,262 respondents in a 2002 national public opinion survey. Binomial logistic regression was used to test 5 hypotheses. Findings indicated there was a significant relationship between education levels and support for combatting international terrorism as a foreign policy goal as well as the use of troops to invade Iraq (p < .006). The results indicated that in some instances higher education played a significant role in shaping public opinion during the period before the Iraq War. Positive social change from this research includes helping policy-makers understand how public opinion is shaped during a crisis so the views of the citizenry can be more effectively incorporated into the policy-making process.
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O'Connor, Jody Lynn. "A Comparison of Ambient and Hearing Aid Output Noise Levels in Industrial and Non-industrial Settings." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5147.
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Federal regulations specify that an employee working for eight hours cannot legally be exposed to noise which has a time-weighted average greater than 90 decibels on the A scale. The industrial workforce is comprised of not only people with normal hearing acuity, but of individuals who suffer from hearing loss. While current noise regulation standards are deemed appropriate for those with normal hearing, it is difficult to apply these standards to persons wearing hearing aids on the job. The ambient, or unamplified, noise levels that fall below the maximum permitted by OSHA standards may very well be amplified to levels greater than 90 dBA, by the hearing aid. If this were the case, the company employing the hearing aid user would technically be in violation of the OSHA regulations. This study addressed the question of what noise exposure might be expected for hearing aid users on the job in different situations, as well as in non-vocational settings. The research involved two methods, conducted to determine the noise levels created by hearing aids with different amounts of gain and to determine whether the amplified noise levels exceed those requiring intervention under current regulations. For both methods, ambient and amplified noise levels for each condition were gathered in specified increments, and were compared with regard to current regulatory standards. The resultant data revealed that when ambient noise levels average between 80 and 84 dBA, amplification provided by even a mild gain hearing aid caused the eight hour time-weighted averages (TWA's) to increase to levels above the 90 dBA maximum permissible levels as delineated by OSHA. Moderate and high gain aids further increased these levels. The results of this study suggest that the hearing aid users in industrial and perhaps non-industrial settings may very well be exposed to intensity levels which exceed OSHA maximums, even when ambient levels do not. The extent to which these arc exceeded are based on the gain and output of the hearing aid in use.
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Grange, Meghan Elizabeth. "Test-retest Reliability in Word Recognition Testing in Subjects with Varying Levels of Hearing Loss." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3480.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of digitally recorded word recognition materials. Word recognition testing is included in a complete audiological evaluation to measure an individual's ability to discriminate what they hear. A phonetically balanced list of 50 monosyllabic words was presented to each participant at four different sensation levels (SL) using the American Speech Language Hearing Association recommended protocol for word recognition score testing. Each participant took a 10 minute break before the test was readministered. Participants included 40 subjects with varying levels of hearing loss, from normal hearing to severe hearing loss. The test and retest scores of all participants were analyzed to estimate the test-retest reliability to be .65 at 10 dB SL, .87 at 20 dB SL, .88 at 30 dB SL, and .95 at 40 dB SL. It was concluded that the word lists have strong test-retest reliability at 20, 30, and 40 dB SL and that the reliability increases as the presentation level increases.
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Miskioglu, Elif E. "Learning in Style: Investigation of Factors Impacting Student Success in Chemical Engineering at Individual and Team-Levels with a Focus on Student Learning Styles." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437088409.
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Wortman, Roger W. "Impact of Product Label Communication Congruency on Attitude Certainty and Purchase Intention for Food Allergy Stakeholders Under High and Low Levels of Elaboration." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/125.
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Food allergies within the United States and Europe have become exceedingly prevalent in children, adolescents, and adults. In the United States alone, over 12 million people have been diagnosed with at least one food allergy. If the allergen is accidentally consumed, the food allergy sufferer may suffer a life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis. More than 200 U.S. food allergic consumers die annually as a result of anaphylaxis due to ingestion of food allergens. To safely manage food allergies, food allergy sufferers and stakeholders (such as caregivers) require clear and complete ingredient information to avoid certain allergens in packaged food products. Despite U.S. legislative mandates designed to assist the food allergic consumers and stakeholders to make safe food selection choices, food allergy labeling on consumer packaged food products remains unclear. To properly manage food allergy, it is imperative that food allergy stakeholders have access to clear and unambiguous food allergen ingredients located on the food product labels. The purpose of this research was to capture the impact of current United States food allergen labeling guidelines on U.S. food allergy stakeholders. With the elaboration likelihood framework, this research aimed to better understand how the congruence of allergen ingredient information on the Product Label Claim on the front of the package and Nutrition Facts Panel information on the back of the package affected food allergic consumers and stakeholders in evaluation of product packaging allergen information. A total of 223 food allergy stakeholders were administered four surveys depicting food allergen labeling variations found on U.S. food product labels. Seventeen hypotheses were formulated and analyzed with ANCOVA and t tests to measure the impact of congruence and elaboration of the food allergen messages on the food product labels, with a specific focus on purchase intention. Findings indicated that food allergy stakeholders had difficulties using and understanding existing food allergen labels under current U.S. food allergen labeling guidelines. The results also showed confusion among U.S. food allergic stakeholders with safe food selection choices when the label claims did not align with the actual allergen ingredient information. Research, public policy, and managerial implications were thoroughly discussed.
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五十嵐, 祐., and Tasuku Igarashi. "マイクロ－メゾ・ダイナミックスに基づくメディアコミュニケーションの心理的影響に関するモデル." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7560.
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Laing, Nicola. "The effect of lead communication pipe replacement on lead levels in low alkalinity drinking water and the analysis of corrosion products formed in pipes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423880.
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Coson, Murniz Allen Vasay. "The Interaction of Political Capacity and Economic Growth to Attract Foreign Direct Investments at the Provincial Levels of Developing Countries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/16.
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This dissertation will explore how developing provinces within countries attract foreign direct investment. The policy implication to this study is important because it could account for the uneven distribution of growth in developing countries that so frequently leads to dual economies. To attract foreign direct investments, provincial governments compete among themselves trying to appeal to international investors. There is consensus in the economic development literature that both economic and political variables interact to advance a nation's economy. The ability for a country to provide a free market economy to exchange goods and ideas makes the environment more favorable for investors, hence it makes sense to focus on institutions that can attract FDI if the government is committed to developing its economy and compete in the global market. Political factors serves as an important component of strengthening a country's economy. Political variables such as political capacity have helped ensure the success of a growing economy. Governments must possess the ability to extract resources from its people, thereby pursuing policy goals to create a more favorable market environment for investors. Investors then feel more confident and comfortable investing in these economies. This political variable has helped countries redefine themselves in the global community as credible and safe countries for investment. However, this political variable alone is not enough to explain how to attract foreign direct investments in developing countries. Rather, governments must also possess the economic tools necessary, such as economic growth and an open economy. These economic tools combined with political capacity can effectively attract foreign direct investments. Many provinces in developing countries lack these variables, thereby jeopardizing the opportunity to attract foreign direct investments and compete in the global market. Hence, I look at both the political and economical variables as an interaction variable as a strong indicator to attract foreign direct investments. If my work is successful, I hope that these findings can serve as a policy tool for provinces of developing countries to effectively attract foreign direct investments in a competitive global market.
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Hyatt, Elizabeth. "The Right Ear Advantage in Response to Levels of Linguistic Complexity: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5719.
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The right ear advantage (REA) phenomenon has been utilized in clinical and research settings to study auditory processing disorders and linguistic lateralization. Previous research has established that the REA is not reliable in its measures within or between individuals. This is likely due to the influence of other variables, such as neuromaturation and attention. One variable that has not been studied in depth in this context is linguistic complexity. It was hypothesized that stimulus conditions with levels of linguistic complexity would elicit corresponding levels of temporal lobe activity. Understanding and controlling the variables that affect the REA will increase the reliability of the measure. Twenty right handed, neurotypical individuals aged 18-29 participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that identified the regions and the extent of activation involved in listening to dichotic syllables, words, and sentences. Three durations of speech babble corresponding to the mean duration of the syllables, words, and sentences were used as control stimuli. Participants listened to dichotic stimuli and reported the stimulus they heard best during an fMRI scan. Reaction time (RT), ear preference, and fMRI data were recorded simultaneously and analyzed post hoc. Behavioral results showed that words had the shortest RTs and the greatest REA; syllables and sentences were similar to each other for both measures. Significant main effects were found in brain regions known to be involved in cognitive control of attention and linguistic processing. Words were associated with significant activation differences for ear preferences and minimal frontal lobe involvement for right ear preference. Syllables caused the least activity in the frontal lobe regions and less voxel activity in the temporal lobes than syllable-length babble. Sentences had the greatest voxel activity in the frontal and temporal lobe regions. It was concluded that words would best reflect the REA in clinical and experimental designs. Words had minimal involvement of frontal lobe regions indicating minimal cognitive control of attention and the largest discrepancies in activation patterns between right and left ear preferences that showed less cognitive power to process right ear stimuli in a dichotic listening situation.
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Coombs, Sally. "Investigating the practice and capacity of paediatric occupational therapists to promote the physical activity levels of children in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1996.
Full textAbstract:
Reorientation of the Australian health care system to meet the increasing burden of disease requires health workers to develop a focus on disease prevention and health promotion. In Western Australia (WA) a priority area for the promotion of health involves increasing the physical activity levels (PAL) of children in accordance with Australia’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines. There is substantial support in the literature for paediatric occupational therapists, who assist children to participate in a range of meaningful occupations, to incorporate the promotion of children’s PAL into their service. However, there is a dearth of research world-wide regarding occupational therapists’ capacity for and involvement in health promotion, with no studies concerning their promotion of children’s PAL.
This study aimed to develop an understanding of paediatric occupational therapists’ involvement in, and capacity for, implementing health promotion activities to increase the PAL of children in WA aged 0-18 years. The application of the Building Health Promotion Capacity theoretical framework throughout the study enabled robust analysis of participants’ capacity for health promotion. A mixed methods design was employed with qualitative data illustrating and verifying the initial quantitative findings. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 86 paediatric occupational therapists in WA, representing 28% of the total population. This elicited cross-sectional quantitative data of participants’ involvement in and capacity for promoting the PAL of children, as well as barriers to their involvement. Following these, in-depth interviews were completed with 9 paediatric occupational therapists and thematically analysed to determine barriers and enablers to promoting children’s PAL.
Quantitative data revealed the majority of participants were involved in promoting the PAL of some of the individual children with whom they worked. In addition, half of the participants who worked with all children in a community setting had incorporated community-level strategies to increase children’s PAL. Reflecting an alignment with the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, participants implemented a combination of strategies relating to creating supportive environments, developing personal skills, and strengthening community action. Participants rated their capacity positively in relation to having the necessary knowledge, skill and commitment to promote children’s PAL; however, having access to necessary resources rated close to neutral. Analysis of quantitative and qualitative data revealed significant enablers to paediatric occupational therapists’ promoting children’s PAL include holding a belief in its importance and having confidence in their clinical skills and knowledge. Common barriers were a lack of resources, including time due to a heavy clinical workload and inadequate funding. In addition, commitment to increasing children’s PAL was impacted by competing clinical priorities, which were influenced by the priorities of each child’s family, limited recognition of occupational therapists’ competency, and a lack of managerial and political support for primary prevention activity.
This study raises awareness of the important contribution paediatric occupational therapists in WA have made towards promoting children’s PAL. Common barriers reveal the need for ongoing efforts to increase awareness amongst occupational therapists and health services’ management of the importance of a preventative approach to delivering health services. This study provides foundation information and valuable insights regarding paediatric occupational therapists’ views and experiences implementing health promotion activities in WA, which can be used to inform paediatric occupational therapy practice and education, and inform initiatives for building the health promotion capacity of a multidisciplinary workforce.
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Clarke, Lauren. "Putting the body back in social work how social workers experience and differ in levels of personal body awareness : a project based upon an independent investigation /." Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/978.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-92).