Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communication – Europe – History'
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Wooding, Jonathan M. "Communication and commerce along the western sealanes 400-800 AD." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1993. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26639.
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This dissertation will examine evidence for communication and commerce between western Britain, Scotland, Ireland', their Continental and British neighbours, and the Mediterranean, in the period 400-800 AD. Parts of the terrain and subject of this enquiry have been covered in earlier, well-known studies by Heinrich Zimmer, Kuno Meyer and Joseph Vendryes, all of whom explored the evidence for 'direct' travel between Ireland and Gaul in this period, and by 0. G. S. Crawford and E. G. Bowen, who examined the early medieval evidence in wide-ranging studies of what they termed the 'western seaways'. Their sources and methods have figured more recently in studies of the 'Irish Sea Culture-Province' hypothesis4 and, most significantly, of the contacts indicated by imported ceramics identified on western British and Irish sites since the 1940s.
Despite the considerable literature arising from these previous researches, however, a separate historical study integrating archaeological and textual sources to answer the basic question of who was coming and going from the western shores of Britain and Ireland in the period 400-800 AD, and by what means, is lacking. It has to a large degree been taken for granted that maritime exchange would have constantly flourished along the western seaboard, to be invoked whenever an explanation was required for the movement of ideas or objects between regions. The studies of Zimmer and Bowen, in particular, sought to identify communication models as the background to theses concerning the spread of culture to and from early medieval Britain and Ireland. Other investigations have discussed aspects of the subject with reference to Zimmer, sometimes adding new material in the case of Crawford, James and Thomas, but in other cases, such as studies by Boissonade, Vendryes and Lewis, chiefly repeating the core of references assembled by Zimmer. Accordingly, the desire of the cultural theorists to imagine constant trading links as a background to cultural exchange has been carried over into studies of economic history where, for example, Zimmer's 'Wine trade' model, a theory particular to his thesis of the spread of classical culture to Ireland, has cast a misleading spell over most subsequent studies, both historical and archaeological, and has deflected any questioning of the causal relationship between commerce and the travels of cultural practitioners such as scholars who travel on trading ships. In some cases, for example where monastic links may be involved in the formation of commercial links, possibly crucial relationships are obscured.
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Simic, Bojan. "The Organization of State Propaganda in Eastern and Southeastern Europe during the 1930’s : Comparative Perspectives on Poland, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86030.
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Rodriguez, Aedo Javier. "Le folklore chilien en Europe : un outil de communication confronté aux enjeux politiques et aux débats artistiques internationaux (1954-1988)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL028.
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Cette thèse étudie la circulation internationale du folklore chilien pendant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. On aborde le parcours de chanteurs et ensembles folkloriques liés à la gauche chilienne, ainsi que leurs pratiques artistiques, les espaces de diffusion musicale et les manières dont la musique folklorique est accueillie par le public général, les critiques de musique, les organisations politiques et les médias, notamment sur la presse de gauche et les maisons discographiques. L’espace géographique de cette circulation est constitué par les pays de l’Europe occidentale. La période d’étude est circonscrite par deux moments significatifs pour la circulation internationale du folklore chilien : le premier voyage en Europe de la chanteuse Violeta Parra le 1954 et la fin de l’exil des musiciens chiliens en 1988. Ce sont plus de 30 ans pendant lesquels les musiciens interagissent largement avec les divers contextes artistiques et politiques d’Europe. La première partie de la thèse aborde les activités que les musiciens chiliens ont réalisées en Europe entre l’année 1954 et le gouvernement de Salvador Allende (1970-1973), dans le contexte d’un fort regard exotique vers les musiques de l’Amérique latine. La deuxième partie s’occupe des activités artistiques ayant lieu entre les années 1968 et 1982, quand les événements politiques du Chili situent les manifestations culturelles, y compris le folklore, dans un lieu privilégié des circuits artistiques de la gauche européenne. Finalement, la troisième partie aborde les expériences artistiques développées entre les années 1978 et 1988, et analyse les répercussions que la vie en exil provoque sur la pratique du folklore chilien en Europe, notamment la mise en question de rôle de la politiqueThis thesis studies the international circulation of Chilean folk music’s during the second half of the 20th century. We discuss the international trajectory of singers and folk ensemble related to the Chilean Left, also their artistic practices, the space of musical circulation and the ways in which this folk music is welcomed by the general public, music critics, political organizations and media, including the left-wing press and labels. The geographical space of this circulation is constituted by the countries of Western Europe. The study period is circumscribed by two significant moments for the international circulation of Chilean folklore: the first trip to Europe of folk singer Violeta Parra in 1954 and the end of the exile of Chilean musicians in 1988. For more than 30 years, the musicians have been interacting extensively with the diverse artistic and political contexts of Europe. The first part of the thesis studies the activities that Chilean musicians performed in Europe between 1954 and the government of Salvador Allende (1970–1973), in a context of a strong exotic look towards the music of America Latin. The second part examines the artistic activities taking place between 1968 and 1982, when the political events of Chile locate the cultural manifestations, including the folklore, in a privileged place of the artistic circuits of the European left. Finally, the third part examines the artistic experiences developed between 1978 and 1988, and analyzes the repercussions that life in exile has on the practice of Chilean folklore in Europe, notably the questioning of the role of politics
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Oléron-Evans, Émilie. "Transferts culturels et historiographie de l'art : le cas de Nikolaus Pevsner (1902-1983)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030098.
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Cette thèse vise à démontrer que les travaux de l’historien d’art et d’architecture britannique d’origine allemande Nikolaus Pevsner (1902-1983) ont joué un rôle majeur dans l’accession de l’histoire de l’art et de l’architecture au statut de discipline universitaire au Royaume-Uni à partir des années 1930-1940. L’étude de ce cas particulier et des constellations et réseaux qui entrent en jeu durant son émigration vers l’Angleterre en 1933 apportent un éclairage différent sur le champ de l’histoire des migrants intellectuels en rappelant le conflit latent entre l’idéal d’universalisme de la science et les vecteurs socio- culturels nationaux qui président aux déplacements transnationaux.Notre recherche se concentre sur les transferts méthodologiques, institutionnels et historiographiques qui ont fait de la carrière de Pevsner un moment-clé de l’historiographie de l’art, de l’architecture et du design et aborde les domaines suivants : la question du Mouvement moderne, l’utilisation du concept d’espace dans le discours architectural d’après le principe de l’empathie (Einfühlung) ou encore dans l’exploration, à travers la méthodologie de la géographie de l’art, de la production artistique et du patrimoine architectural du pays d’accueil de Pevsner.Il s’agit de montrer que l’oeuvre de médiateur d’un historien d’art entre sa matière et la société se déploie aussi hors du seul cadre universitaire. Cette thèse expose comment Pevsner se fait une place dans la culture britannique en tant qu’éditeur, homme de radio, critique d’art, autant d’activités qui se basent sur des modèles allemands, mais qui font progressivement de l’historien déplacé, interprète de sa culture d’accueil, une véritable institution culturelleThis thesis demonstrates how the works of art and architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner (1902-1983), a British scholar of German origin, played a major part in the accession of the history of art and architecture to the status of an academic discipline in the United Kingdom in the 1930s and 40s. This case study, along with the various networks that played a part in his displacement from Germany to Britain in 1933, sheds a different light on current research on the history of émigré intellectuals, as it seeks to show that there is a latent conflict between the ideal of universalism in science and the national socio-cultural vectors at play in transnational displacements.Our research focuses on methodological, institutional and historiographical transfers that made Pevsner’s career into a milestone in the historiography of art, architecture and design. It tackles the main aspects of his contribution, from the issue of the Modern movement, through the use of the concept of space in the architectural discourse based on the principle of empathy (Einfühlung), to the exploration of the artistic production and the architectural heritage of Pevsner’s country of adoption.Our contention is that the role of an art historian as a mediator between his subject and society goes beyond the realm of academia. This thesis shows how Pevsner found a place in British culture as editor, broadcaster and art critic, while basing these activities on German models, and how these activities gradually transformed an interpreter of culture into a cultural institution
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Jutila, Alexander Lee. ""An Abyss of Anarchy, Nihilism, and Despair"| Historical Representations of Anarchists in Britain." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13419186.
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Studies on historical representations of anarchists tend to focus on terrorist depictions and how they compare to the actual activities of the anarchist movement. Using British print media, this thesis explores other political, cultural, and social representations of anarchists in an effort to expand the field beyond a strict focus on terrorism. In addition, this thesis will also investigate the ways Cesare Lombroso and Havelock Ellis shaped discussions of anarchists in the British public sphere.
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Laborie, Léonard. "La France, l'Europe et l'ordre international des communications (1865-1959)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040199.
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Les flux télégraphiques et postaux internationaux sont régulés à partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle par le biais d’organisations internationales spécifiquement créées à cet effet : l’Union télégraphique internationale (1865 ; qui devient en 1932 Union internationale des télécommunications) et l’Union générale des postes (1874 ; qui devient en 1878 Union postale universelle). Ces rènes de coopération sont le lieu d’élaboration de normes tarifaires et techniques, assurant l’interconnexion des réseaux nationaux. L’objet de cette thèse est de retracer l’histoire de la politique de la France à leur égard. Ceci afin de mieux cerner la manière dont se construit et évolue un ordre international des communications du milieu du XIXe siècle au milieu du XXe siècle, autour d’institutions, de règles et de valeurs partagées par les partenaires de la coopération. La coopération technique est un objet d’histoire européen –à la fois international et transnational–, permettant d’aborder la question de l’articulation entre universalisme et régionalisme ainsi qu’entre ordre européen issu du XIXe siècle et construction européenne amorcée au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondialeSince the middle of the XIXth Century, international connexions between national postal and telecommunication networks have been regulated through multilateral cooperation. This thesis aims at analysing the policy of France towards the International Telegraph Union (then renamed International Telecommunications Union) and the Universal Postal Union, from their creation to the foundation of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication Administrations in 1959. These institutions were arenas where international regulation (with both technical and commercial standards) was debated and cast by specific professional communities. The history of technical cooperation provides an international and transnational perspective for a history of European communication networks. It tackles the questions of the articulation between universalism and regionalism as well as between European order inherited from the XIXth Century and the European construction launched after the Second World War
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Cakars, Janis Kent. "Media, revolution, and the fall of communism Latvia, 1986-1991 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3330779.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Journalism, 2008.Title from home page (viewed on Jul 20, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: A, page: 3789. Adviser: Owen V. Johnson.
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Geurts, Anna Paulina Helena. "Makeshift freedom seekers : Dutch travellers in Europe, 1815-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2cfa072e-a9c4-42c9-a6b0-1e815d93b05c.
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This thesis questions a series of assumptions concerning the nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century modernization of European spaces. Current scholarship tends to concur with essayistic texts and images by contemporary intellectuals that technological and organizational developments increased the freedom of movement of those living in western-European societies, while at the same time alienating them from each other and from their environment. I assess this claim with the help of Dutch travel egodocuments such as travel diaries and letters. After a prosopographical investigation of all available northern-Netherlandish travel egodocuments created between 1500 and 1915, a selection of these documents is examined in greater detail. In these documents, travellers regarded the possession of identity documents, a correct appearance, and a fitting social identity along with their personal contacts, physical capabilities, and the weather as the most important factors influencing whether they managed to gain access to places. A discussion of these factors demonstrates that no linear increase, nor a decrease, occurred in the spatial power felt by travellers. The exclusion many travellers continued to experience was often overdetermined. The largest groups affected by this were women and less educated families. Yet travellers could also play out different access factors against each other. By paying attention to how practices matched hopes and expectations, it is possible to discover how gravely social inequities were really felt by travellers. Perhaps surprisingly, all social groups desired to visit the same types of places. Their main difference concerned the atmosphere of the places where the different groups felt at home. To a large degree this matched travellers' unequal opportunities. Therefore, although opportunities remained strongly unequal throughout the period, this was not always experienced as a problem. Also, in cases where it was, many travellers knew strategies to work around the obstacles created for them.
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Favorito, Rebecca. "Constructing Legitimacy: Patrimony, Patronage, and Political Communication in the Coronation of Henry IV." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468594085.
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Fonseka, Prashant L. "The Railway and Telegraph in India: Monuments of British Rule or Symbols of Indian Nationhood?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/378.
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This paper examines how the development of the railway-telegraph technological complex impacted the tenuous relationship between the rulers and those they ruled; the British and the Indians. Through the experience of building and operating the railway, Indians came to understand the railway and telegraph as their own technologies well before the eventual handover of control over the networks from the British. The reasons behind the British desire to retain their grasp over the networks included profit, power, and orientalist notions of socially advancing Indians, all at the expense of Indian taxpayers. This arrangement was problematic and ultimately facilitated the Raj's undoing, while revealing certain realities of British imperial rule.
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Gjoci, Nina Nazmije. "Remaking Albania: Public Memory of Communist Past." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1525868882263365.
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Menrisky, Alexander. "Le voile du journalisme: Metaphorical and analytical inquiry into press coverage of a national French debate." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1338312431.
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Auphan, Etienne. "Obsolescence ou renaissance des réseaux ferrés pour le transport des voyageurs en Europe occidentale ? (France, Grande-Bretagne, Allemagne fédérale)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23004.
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A partir de la comparaison des trois reseaux ferres britannique, francais et federal allemand, cette these recherche dans quelle mesure l'infrastructure - dont est prisonnier le transport par voie ferree - contribue d'elle-meme a l'obsoles- cence du chemin de fer pour les deplacements de personnes. Les reseaux ferres ont en effet ete concus au xixe siecle pour une technique de traction determinee : la machine a vapeur. Celle-ci s'averant inapte a gravir les rampes elevees, les voies ferrees se sont implantees preferentiellement dans des sites plus favorables au nivellement qu'a la rectitude des traces (notamment les vallees). De nos jours, dans le cadre concurrentiel reposant sur la primaute du temps de parcours, cette situa- tion apparait comme un facteur d'obsolescence. Les limites apportees par le trace des voies ferrees sur les performances des chemins de fer sont demeurees impercep- tibles tant que les possibilites techniques ne depassaient pas le seuil impose par le trace. Mais il n'en est plus de meme a partir du moment ou la vitesse qu'autori- sent desormais celles-ci ne permet plus l'utilisation des voies ferrees tradition- nelles : les nouvelles techniques de traction ferroviaire exigent d'abord un trace excluant les courbes de rayon courant, meme au prix de fortes denivelees. Dans ces conditions, les nouvelles lignes a grande vitesse peuvent-elles etre considerees comme un frein a l'obsolescence des reseaux ferres traditionnels, ou bien au contraire vont-elles l'accentuer par la mise en place d'un nouveau chemin de fer achevant la disparition des reseaux classiques ? complementarite ou substitution, telle est bien la question fondamentale pour la
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Dittrich, Julia. "“We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1457.
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"We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny": The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte's Invasion of Russia aims to illustrate how The London Times interpreted and reported on Napoleon's 1812 invasion of Russia. This thesis explains how England feared its grip on Europe was slipping away due to a French takeover of the continent. This work details the English struggle in order to provide a broader analysis through a newspaper of how nations indirectly involved in the Napoleonic wars understood the conflict.
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McIntire, William David. "Information Communication Technologies and Identity in Post-Dayton Bosnia: Mendingor Deepening the Ethnic Divide." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401978761.
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Delmas, Adrien. "Les voyages du récit : culture écrite et expansion européenne à l'époque moderne : le cas de la Compagnie hollandaise des Indes orientales." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0127.
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Les compagnies commerciales et coloniales par lesquelles s'opéra le désenclavement du monde à partir du XVIe siècle ont joué un rôle majeur, à côté d'autres institutions telles que l'Église ou l'État, dans l'établissement de nos relations modernes à l'écrit. Pour saisir ces croisements entre l’histoire de la culture écrite et celle l'expansion européenne à l'époque moderne, une série d'explorations a été menée autour de la Verenigde Oostlndische Compagnie (VOC), la Compagnie Hollandaise des Indes Orientales, fondée en 1602. Dans le contexte de rupture du monopole ibérique sur les Indes au tournant du XVlIe siècle, l'écrit, que ce soit les cartes géographiques, les journaux de bord ou les descriptions et autres histoires des pays extra-européens, se dota d'abord d'une dimension politique majeure qui faisait de lui le garant de prises de possession outre-mer. Mais la volonté de contrôler les informations et les connaissances sur les mondes non-européens aboutit très rapidement à des rapports conflictuels entre la VOC et le monde du livre, et décida la Compagnie à intervenir à plusieurs reprises pour interdire la publication de tout ce qui concernait son domaine réservé, du Cap de Bonne Espérance au détroit de Magellan. En parallèle, elle eut à cœur de développer son propre dispositif de l'écrit pour la navigation de ses flottes et l'administration à distance de ses possessions. Au sein de ce dispositif strict et secret de l'écrit, la volonté de savoir désintéressée, à l'aune de laquelle les innombrables récits produits par l'expansion européenne de l'époque moderne ont trop souvent été lus, n'avait pas sa placeThe commercial and colonial companies responsible for the world's opening up from the 161h century onwards have played a part, alongside other institutions such as the Church or the State, in the transformations of the relations to the written ward as they have been established since the beginning of modernity. In order to understand these connections between the history of written culture and the history of European expansion in early modem limes several explorations have been conducted around the Verenigde Oosllndische Compagnie (VOC), the Dutch East India Company, founded in 1602. By the turn of the 171h century, while the Iberian monopoly on trade with the Indies was ending, written documents -be they geographical maps, logbooks or descriptions and histories of non-European countries -acquired a major political dimension, so much 50 that they became guarantors of overseas appropriation. But the desire to control information and knowledge concerning the non• European worlds rapidly brought about conflicts between the VOC and the printing world and urged the Company to intervene, on several occasions, in order to prevent the publication of anything touching upon its reserved domain, from the Cape of Good Hope to the Strait of Magellan. Meanwhile, the Company was intent on setting up its own writing system for the sailing of its ships and long-distance administration of its possessions. Considering this strict and secret writing system, the sole will to knowledge, from the standpoint of which the countless writings produced by modem European overseas expansion have too often been read, hardly had a place
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Fields, Kyle David. "Death and Memory in the Napoleonic and American Civil Wars." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1278824193.
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Shackelford, Philip Clayton. "On the Wings of the Wind: The United States Air Force Security Service and Its Impact on Signals Intelligence in the Cold War." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1399284818.
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Rosenkranz, Susan A. ""To Hold the World in Contempt": The British Empire, War, and the Irish and Indian Nationalist Press, 1899-1914." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/895.
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The era between the close of the nineteenth century and the onset of the First World War witnessed a marked increase in radical agitation among Indian and Irish nationalists. The most outspoken political leaders of the day founded a series of widely circulated newspapers in India and Ireland, placing these editors in the enviable position of both reporting and creating the news. Nationalist journalists were in the vanguard of those pressing vocally for an independent India and Ireland, and together constituted an increasingly problematic contingent for the British Empire. The advanced-nationalist press in Ireland and the nationalist press in India took the lead in facilitating the exchange of provocative ideas—raising awareness of perceived imperial injustices, offering strategic advice, and cementing international solidarity.
Irish and Indian press coverage of Britain’s imperial wars constituted one of the premier weapons in the nationalists’ arsenal, permitting them to build support for their ideology and forward their agenda in a manner both rapid and definitive. Directing their readers’ attention to conflicts overseas proved instructive in how the Empire dealt with those who resisted its policies, and also showcased how it conducted its affairs with its allies. As such, critical press coverage of the Boxer Rebellion, Boer War, Russo-Japanese War, and World War I bred disaffection for the Empire, while attempts by the Empire to suppress the critiques further alienated the public.
This dissertation offers the first comparative analysis of the major nationalist press organs in India and Ireland, using the prism of war to illustrate the increasingly persuasive role of the press in promoting resistance to the Empire. It focuses on how the leading Indian and Irish editors not only fostered a nationalist agenda within their own countries, but also worked in concert to construct a global anti-imperialist platform. By highlighting the anti-imperial rhetoric of the nationalist press in India and Ireland and illuminating their strategies for attaining self-government, this study deepens understanding of the seeds of nationalism, making a contribution to comparative imperial scholarship, and demonstrating the power of the media to alter imperial dynamics and effect political change.
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Furtado, Michael Anthony 1958. "Islands of Castile: Artistic, Literary, and Legal Perception of the Sea in Castile-Leon, 1248-1450." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12098.
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xiii, 322 p. : col. ill.Before Spain encountered the Americas, it first encountered the sea. This dissertation explores the roots of that encounter by examining perceptions of the sea in late medieval Castile-Leon reflected in art, literature, and law. It analyzes the changing attitudes of the Castilians towards the sea through an examination of its perceived place in their world, underscoring the complexity of Castilian attitudes toward the dangers and opportunities presented by the marine environment. Conceptual separation and union serve as the two foundational concepts employed for the analysis of evidence from each of the three genres under examination. Each genre highlights in various ways either the strong contrast drawn between land and sea or their seeming union conceptually. These complexities are manifest in a broad variety of sources, from collections of miracle tales to fifteenth century romances. Analysis of legal distinctions between land and sea reveal significant differences in perception regarding the nature of each environment and the rights and responsibilities of Castilians acting in either. Findings include that artistic sources reveal that a fearful attitude toward the sea accentuated by helplessness before its power dominated thirteenth century imagery, contrasting with the greater unity of land and sea reflected in miniatures from fifteenth century sources. A similar pattern of separation and union emerges in the literary evidence, where fear of the loss of agency when traveling at sea in early sources gives way to fifteenth century examples that praise its value. A comparison of the laws contained in the Siete Partidas with the late medieval records of the Cortes of Castile-Leon reveals that while the Castilian monarchs tended to consider the sea as firmly outside of their realm throughout the majority of the period of this study, strategic necessity led to an inexorable growth in the importance of the sea in the affairs of the kingdom generally. Together, the evidence supports the conclusion that by the mid-fourteenth century the view of the sea as other, typical of all early Castilian sources, gave way to a fifteenth century perspective that welcomed it in many respects, laying the foundation for the development of a great maritime empire.
Committee in charge: Lisa Wolverton, Chairperson; Robert Haskett, Member; David Luebke, Member; David Wacks, Outside Member
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Prater, Angela Denise. "The Fattening House: A Narrative Analysis of the Big, Black and Beautiful Body Subjectivity Constituted On Large African American Women." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1223829051.
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Lovelace, Alexander G. "Total Coverage: How the Media Shaped Command Decisions During World War II." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou158818861294131.
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Morriello, Francesco Anthony. "The Atlantic Revolutions and the movement of information in the British and French Caribbean, c. 1763-1804." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274901.
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This dissertation examines how news and information circulated among select colonies in the British and French Caribbean during a series of military conflicts from 1763 to 1804, including the American War of Independence (1775-1783), French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802), and the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804). The colonies included in this study are Barbados, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint-Domingue. This dissertation argues that the sociopolitical upheaval experienced by colonial residents during these military conflicts led to an increased desire for news that was satiated by the development and improvement of many processes of collecting and distributing information. This dissertation looks at some of these processes, the ways in which select social groups both influenced and were affected by them, and why such phenomena occurred in the greater context of the 18th and early 19th century Caribbean at large. In terms of the types of processes, it examines various kinds of print culture, such as colonial newspapers, books, and almanacs, as well as correspondence records among different social groups. In terms of which groups are studied, these include printers, postal service workers, colonial and naval officials, and Catholic missionaries. The dissertation is divided into five chapters, the first of which provides insight into the operation of the mail service established in the aforementioned colonies, and the ways in which the Atlantic Revolutions impacted their service in terms of the different historical actors responsible for collecting and distributing correspondences. Chapter two looks at select British and French colonial printers, their print shops, and the book trade in the Caribbean isles during the 18th century. Chapter three delves into the colonial newspapers and compares the differences and similarities among government-sanctioned newspapers vis-à-vis independently produced papers. It uses the case of the Haitian Revolution to track how news of the slave insurrection was disseminated or constricted in the weeks immediately following the night of 22 August 1791. Chapter four examines the colonial almanac as a means of connecting colonial residents with people across the wider Atlantic World. It also surveys the development of these pocketbooks from mere astrological calendars to essential items that owners customized and frequently carried on their person, given the swathes of information they featured after the American War of Independence. The final chapter looks at the daily operations of Capuchin and Dominican missionaries in Martinique and Guadeloupe at the end of the 18th century and how they maintained their communications within the islands and with the heads of their Catholic orders in France, as well as in Rome. Overall, this project aims to fill in some of the gaps in the literature regarding how select British and French colonial residents received and dispatched information, and the effect this had in their respective Caribbean islands. It also sheds light on some of the ways that slaves were incorporated into the mechanisms by which information was collected and distributed, such as their encounters with printers, employment as couriers, and use as messengers to relay documents between colonial officials. In doing so, it hopes to encourage future discussion regarding how information moved in the British and French Caribbean amid periods of revolution and military conflict, how and why these processes changed, and the impact this had on print culture and mail systems in the post-revolutionary period of the 19th century.
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Casilli, Antonio A. "Les mythes de régénération dans la cyberculture : le corps et ses utopies." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0008.
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Entre 1984 et 2001, la cyberculture a colporté l'utopie d'un corps technologiquement régénéré, véhiculant les attentes liées à la corporéité contemporaine. Dans les années 1980, la diffusion du mythe du cyborg coïncida avec l'essor de la micro-informatique. Figure du corps infecté par la machine le cyborg se fit miroir des craintes de contamination répandues dans les années du Sida. Au début des années 1990, la cyberculture se réorienta vers la possibilité de «désincarner» le corps pour qu'il puisse vivre dans des réalités virtuelles décontaminées. Avec l'arrivée du Web, l'attention se concentra sur la composition d'un corps numérique en ligne. Tout bien pesé, les inquiétudes de la cyberculture se sont concentrées sur une conception spécifique du corps - cautionnée par le savoir biomédical, rentrée dans une crise de confiance avec l'explosion du Sida. Cet affaiblissement fortuit de la biomédecine stimula l'élaboration de conceptions antagonistes du corps au sein de la cybercultureBetween 1984 and 2001, cyberculture promoted the utopian ideal of a technologically regenerated body, echoing the expectations related to contemprary corporality. In the 1980s, the spread of the cyborg myth corresponded to the boom of personal computing. While epitomizing the body infected by machinery, the cyborg mirrored the fears of contamination prevalent in the AIDS years. At the beginning of the 1990s, cyberculture refocused on the possibility of "disembodying" the body in order to allow it to inhabit decontaminated virtual realities. With the rise of the Web, the attention turned to the configuration of a digitized online body. All things considered, cybercultural anxieties converged on a specific conception of the body - the one endorsed by biomedical knowledge, wich underwent a crisis of confidence due to the AIDS pandemics. Biomedecine fortuitous weakening prompted the development of challenging conceptions of the body within cyberculture
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Vaillant, Anaïs. ""La batucada des gringos" : Appropriations européennes de pratiques musicales brésiliennes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3109.
Full textAbstract:
À partir de l'exemple du phénomène des batucadas en France et en Europe, cette thèse propose d'explorer des processus d'appropriations culturelles de modèles musicaux brésiliens, en particuliers ceux du samba enredo carioca, du samba- reggae bahianais et du maracatu recifense. L'ethnographie, entreprise entre 2000 et 2010, se compose de nombreux récits de vie et entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès d'amateurs de percussions brésiliennes et de musiciens professionnels (français et brésiliens) ; d'observations de pratiques musicales en Europe et au Brésil ; de participations de l'ethnographe à des projets artistiques dans le sud de la France. À rebours d'une approche historique de l'objet diffusé, ce travail propose de restituer des parcours d'appropriations en partant de l'émergence et du déploiement de la batucada en France. Sont abordés plusieurs champs de l'appropriation musicale : la forme instrumentale de la batucada, les modèles brésiliens, et les postures artistiques vis-à-vis de ces modèles qui révèlent une recherche commune d'une pratique culturelle « populaire », vivante et festive. Des représentations idéalisées du Brésil, de ses musiques et de ses carnavals semblent répondre à cette quête. Les voyages vers les sources musicales au Brésil tendent à devenir une étape importante de l'appropriation musicale européenne et leur observation permet de mettre en exergue les enjeux sociaux et culturels entre Brésiliens et étrangers autour des transmissions musicales (...) Enfin, l'appropriation de la batucada permet d'ouvrir un débat général sur l'appropriation culturelle dans le contexte de la mondialisationUsing the example of the batucada phenomenon in France and Europe, this thesis explores the processes of cultural appropriation of Brazilian musical models, in particular those of Rio's samba enredo, Bahia's samba-reggae and Recife's maracatu. The ethnographic fieldwork, conducted during the first decade of 2000, is composed of: numerous life stories and semi-structured interviews with French and Brazilian amateur percussionists and professional musicians, observations of musical practices in Europe and Brazil, and participating observations in the framework of artistic projects in the South of France. Rather than taking a historical approach of the diffusion of objects, this work analyzes the trajectories of the appropriations of batucada in France, from its emergence to its spread. Several fields of musical appropriation are broached: the instrumental form of the batucada, the Brazilian musical models, and the artistic positions taken regarding these models which reveal a common quest for a “popular”, lively and festive cultural practice. Idealized representations of Brazil, its music and its carnivals seem to respond to this quest. Travels to the musical sources in Brazil appear as an important step in the Europeans’ musical appropriation. Observation of these travels allows underscoring the social and cultural stakes of musical transmissions between Brazilians and foreigners. Lastly, the appropriation of batucada enables enlarging a general debate on cultural appropriation in a context of globalization
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Sutton, Kevin. "Les Nouvelles Traversées Alpines : Entre co-spatialité de systèmes nationaux et recherche d'interspatialité, une géopolitique circulatoire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689249.
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L'approche moderne des Traversées Alpines s'est fondée sur un postulat de corrélation de trois dynamiques : l'accélération, la concentration et l'extériorisation. Il convient aujourd'hui de le réinterroger. Les cadres d'étude récents des phénomènes de Traversées Alpines ont enfermé ce champs dans des approches spatiales segmentées (corridor, axe ; découpage courant Alpes occidentales/centrales/orientales). Ce contexte épistémologique révèle la prédominance du versant nord comme prisme de considération du phénomène. Il renforce le paradoxe animant le fond des Traversées Alpines : alors que l'Italie est le dénominateur commun à tous les axes de franchissement, ce pays est le plus absent tant dans la littérature que dans la menée politique des conditions d'exercice des flux. Le contexte géopolitique explique pour partie cette situation. Le jeu politique des Traversées témoigne d'une forme de " complexe de centralité " animant l'Autriche et plus encore la Suisse. Ce paradoxe remet en cause un premier postulat moderne, la course à l'extériorisation. Si les nœuds associés au franchissement se retrouvent aujourd'hui jusqu'à Mannheim voire Rotterdam, le cadre politique n'est, lui, pas dépassé. Le cadre technique, caractérisé par une recherche de continuités réticulaires (libéralisations, interopérabilités, tunnels de base), se concrétise au contact du cadre politique par l'émergence d'un mouvement nodal contraire. L'ouverture des tunnels de base comme la mise en place des réseaux de production des nouveaux acteurs sur le marché ferroviaire inventent et réactivent des nœuds à l'intérieur du massif. Cette nodogenèse interroge ainsi le présupposé répandu d'effacement, corollaire de cette ère affirmée des Nouvelles Traversées Alpines. L'accélération portée par les tunnels de base ne produit alors pas uniquement, à l'échelle des territoires alpins, une dynamique d'extériorisation ; il en va de même en ce qui concerne la concentration. L'itinéraire nouvellement ouvert n'efface pas les itinéraires précédents. Le tunnel de base du Lötschberg est exploité de concert avec la ligne de faîte. Il en sera de même avec le Gothard ou le Brenner. Si bien que la question de l'agencement vertical des logiques de franchissement se pose dans ce contexte d'éclatement des linéaires. Réintériorisation, éclatement, accélération apparaît comme le nouveau tryptique à l'œuvre autour des Traversées Alpines. L'enjeu de la nouveauté est de remettre en cause les acquis d'une lecture moderniste et de questionner la profondeur du tournant actuel. Tout ne change pas : la dimension nationale reste prédominante, l'Italie reste en retrait. Les Traversées Alpines restent un ensemble de systèmes nationaux cospatiaux, en recherche d'interspatialités entre eux et avec les territoires traversés. Une configuration territoriale émerge, la basse vallée, comme espace de conflictualités en mal de médiations. La basse vallée accueille la nodogenèse, est le théâtre des oppositions aux projets actuels comme dans le Val de Suse, porte la majeure partie des chantiers des tunnels de base... Cet espace, hier considéré comme intermédiaire, réinvente la notion de piedmont en se posant en potentielle intermédiation entre des dimensions verticales toujours plus centrifuges. La " nouveauté " est ainsi à chercher dans cette nouvelle donne spatiale.
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Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.
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WILDING, Nick. "Writing the book of nature : natural philosophy and communication in early modern Europe." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6017.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 22 September 2000Examining board: Peter Becker, European University Institute ; Mario Biagioli, Harvard University ; John Brewer, University of Chicago (thesis supervisor) ; Paula Findlen, Stanford University ; Simon Schaffer, University of Cambridge (external supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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McFarland, Theresa Larine. "Study of images in German films: deconstructing the Nazi body aesthetic." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2269.
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Films and their images function to disperse representations of the body that encourage viewers to adopt or reject certain represented appearances and actions. Using this proposition, this thesis explores how notions of the body are visualized in filmic images, such as film posters and photographs used for promotional purposes. In particular, this thesis focuses on how German identities from the end of the Weimar Republic through to the early years of the Third Reich were represented in filmic images. This paper questions whether the introduction of Nazi ideals and the establishment of a state controlled film industry led to new representations of the body in filmic images or whether there is continuity between these images and those of the Weimar Republic. Exploring which bodies, taking into account representations of race. class, gender and sexuality, were privileged and which were vilified in filmic images gives one an idea of how bodies were encouraged to conform socially in the years leading up to and during the Third Reich.
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Moss, Patricia Josette. "Richard Strauss's Friedenstag: a political statement of peace in Nazi Germany." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2977.
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After the conclusion of World War II, Richard Strauss’s activities and compositions came under intense scrutiny as scholars tried to understand his position with respect to the National Socialist regime. Their conclusions varied, some describing Strauss as a Nazi sympathizer, some as a victim of Nazism, with others concluding that Strauss was neither a sympathizer nor a victim, merely politically naïve. Among the latter was Strauss’s friend and biographer, Willi Schuh, who ardently defended the composer’s activities during the Nazi period. While Schuh asserted that Strauss’s music had no direct political ties to the “Third Reich”, Strauss’s 1938 opera, Friedenstag, demonstrates that he was, in fact, politically aware and capable of composing a work replete with conscious political overtones.
The correspondence between Strauss and his Jewish librettist, Stefan Zweig, shows that Strauss deliberately chose to compose Friedenstag in the face of his disillusionment with the Nazi government. Although initially hailed as the first
Nazi opera, elements of Friedenstag’s political message resist appropriation by Hitler’s regime. While addressing the pro-Nazi implications through a close study of the libretto and score, this thesis will argue that Friedenstag was composed as a tribute to peace and a response to the increasingly hostile political climate.
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Contogouris, Ersy. "Emma Hamilton, a Model of Agency in Late Eighteenth-Century Europe." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11635.
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Emma Hamilton (1765-1815) eut un impact considérable à un moment charnière de l’histoire et de l’art européens. Faisant preuve d’une énorme résilience, elle trouva un moyen efficace d’affirmer son agentivité et fut une source d’inspiration puissante pour des générations de femmes et d’artistes dans leur propre quête d’expression et de réalisation de soi. Cette thèse démontre qu’Emma tira sa puissance particulière de sa capacité à négocier des identités différentes et parfois même contradictoires – objet et sujet ; modèle et portraiturée ; artiste, muse et œuvre d’art ; épouse, maîtresse et prostituée ; roturière et aristocrate ; mondaine et ambassadrice : et interprète d’une myriade de caractères historiques, bibliques, littéraires et mythologiques, tant masculins que féminins. Épouse de l’ambassadeur anglais à Naples, favorite de la reine de Naples et amante de l’amiral Horatio Nelson, elle fut un agent sur la scène politique pendant l’époque révolutionnaire et napoléonienne. Dans son ascension sociale vertigineuse qui la mena de la plus abjecte misère aux plus hauts échelons de l’aristocratie anglaise, elle sut s’adapter, s’ajuster et se réinventer. Elle reçut et divertit d’innombrables écrivains, artistes, scientifiques, nobles, diplomates et membres de la royauté. Elle participa au développement et à la dissémination du néoclassicisme au moment même de son efflorescence. Elle créa ses Attitudes, une performance répondant au goût de son époque pour le classicisme, qui fut admirée et imitée à travers l’Europe et qui inspira des générations d’interprètes féminines. Elle apprit à danser la tarentelle et l’introduisit dans les salons aristocratiques. Elle influença un réseau de femmes s’étendant de Paris à Saint-Pétersbourg et incluant Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun, Germaine de Staël et Juliette Récamier. Modèle hors pair, elle inspira plusieurs artistes pour la production d’œuvres qu’ils reconnurent comme parmi leurs meilleures. Elle fut représentée par les plus grands artistes de son temps, dont Angelica Kauffman, Benjamin West, Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun, George Romney, James Gillray, Joseph Nollekens, Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Lawrence et Thomas Rowlandson. Elle bouscula, de façon répétée, les limites et mœurs sociales. Néanmoins, Emma ne tentait pas de présenter une identité cohérente, unifiée, polie. Au contraire, elle était un kaléidoscope de multiples « sois » qu’elle gardait actifs et en dialogue les uns avec les autres, réarrangeant continuellement ses facettes afin de pouvoir simultanément s’exprimer pleinement et présenter aux autres ce qu’ils voulaient voir.Emma Hamilton (1765-1815) had a marked impact at a pivotal moment in European history and art. This dissertation shows that Emma drew her particular potency from her ability to negotiate these different and at times contradictory identities—object and subject; model and sitter; artist, muse, and work of art; wife, mistress, and prostitute; commoner and aristocrat; socialite and ambassadress; and performer of myriad historical, biblical, literary, and mythological male and female characters. Emma displayed astonishing resilience, found an effective way to assert her agency, and was a powerful inspiration for generations of artists and of women in their own search for expression and self-actualization. The wife of England’s ambassador to Naples, the favourite of the queen of Naples, and the lover of Admiral Horatio Nelson, she was an agent on the political stage during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era. She adapted, adjusted, and reinvented herself in her dizzying rise from rags to riches. She entertained and beguiled countless writers, artists, scientists, aristocrats, politicians, and royalty. She participated in the dissemination of Neoclassicism in Europe at the very moment of its efflorescence. She created her Attitudes, a performance that tapped into her epoch’s taste for classicism, was admired and imitated throughout Europe, and inspired generations of female performers. She learnt to dance the tarantella and introduced it into aristocratic drawing rooms. She influenced an early nineteenth-century network of women that spanned Paris to St Petersburg and included Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun, Germaine de Staël, and Juliette Récamier. An unmatched model and sitter, she inspired artists to produce what they acknowledged to be some of their best work. She appeared in works produced by the major artists of her time, among whom Angelica Kauffman, Benjamin West, Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun, George Romney, James Gillray, Joseph Nollekens, Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Lawrence, and Thomas Rowlandson. And she repeatedly pushed against the limits of social mores. Nevertheless, Emma did not attempt to present a coherent, unified, polished identity. Instead, she was a kaleidoscope of different selves that she kept active and in dialogue with each other, constantly reconfiguring the pieces so that she could simultaneously express herself fully and present to others what they wanted to see.
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Wiseman, Robert David. "The development of ideas about communication in European thought from Ancient Greece to the early Modern Age." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12492.
Full textAbstract:
The field of communication is highly fragmented. There are half-a-dozen major competing schools; dozens of incompatible theories; no agreed research methods; and poor connection between research, practice and policy. Although theorists recognise fragmentation is a problem and agree that it must be resolved, they do not agree on its causes—ontological, methodological, or institutional—nor how the problem might be overcome.
This thesis argues that sources of our present confusion have been misdiagnosed. The
problems are not, in the first place, conceptual. Disagreement in the scope and practice of communication are symptoms of the problem; not its causes. This thesis argues that the main source of incoherence lies in the unregarded development of ideas about communication over the last 2,500 years.
Far from being a single idea of communication in Western thought, there are three very different traditions that have existed and competed throughout Western history. Each tradition exists for different reasons, has an entirely different scope and purpose, and is made up of ideas from different categories (factual claims, value claims, and plans of action). In their development however, all three interacted and concepts were transferred between them, giving the appearance of a single unbroken tradition.
My thesis describes the core concepts of each tradition, the sources and development of these concepts, the reasons for their evolution, the interactions and borrowings between the three traditions, and what these concepts have committed the field to—particularly in its attachments to other fields such as psychology, linguistics, law and politics.
The first tradition is the idea of communication as transference, which seeks to explain what happens when people speak and listen to one another. The main sources of this tradition have been everyday explanation of human physiology, although in the last four hundred years, these have been supplemented with scientific theories concerning physical nature. Everyday metaphors used in ancient Greece and Rome show a fully formed but implicit model which treated communication as breathing words out of one person and into another. This model became more complex with the appearance of ideas concerning the mind, soul and language. This model in turn provided the basis for many key Western beliefs about thought and consciousness, which were later incorporated into medieval theories of speech. This model persisted until the seventeenth century, when physiology was
displaced by mechanics, and the tradition was split into physical and symbolic transference.
In contemporary theory, this tradition dominates the other two traditions, and is
the development of ideas about communication in european thought is represented in mass communication studies, ‘message-driven’ and transmission models, behavioural and cognitive psychology, cybernetics, and information processing.
The second tradition is organised around the idea of communication as making order.
In particular, it treats communicating as the way in which communities are formed,
regulated and advanced. This tradition has been heavily influenced by political theory and jurisprudence throughout its history, also becoming intertwined with theories of creation in Platonism and medieval Christian theology. This view of communication began to decline in the early Modern Age with the Protestant Reformation and the rise of liberal democracies and the physical sciences. These undermined belief in an intrinsic social order by emphasising
human beings as individuals rather than social creatures. Today this tradition is most apparent in structuralism, French semiotics, aspects of descriptive grammar, social psychology, cultural theory, and some critical theory.
The third tradition sees communication as a matter of applying techniques. From the
earliest times, these techniques were divided into a prominent collection concerned with speaking and arguing (rhetoric and dialectic) and a diffuse and specialised group concerned with reading (grammar and legal interpretation—extended to biblical exegesis in the third
century ad). The latter interpretative tradition evolved concepts of meaning and symbols, although they were later grafted onto communication-as-transmission. Both branches of the tradition were dormant throughout the early Middle Ages, but were revived by the Humanists in the Renaissance. During the dispute between philosophers and rhetoricians in the sixteenth century, communication-as-technique was stripped of anything to do with the material presented and was left only with style and presentation—the origins of the
contemporary division of substance and style, thought and word. This division ultimately denied communication any claims to essence, substance, or ontology. The rise of Protestantism and the natural sciences contributed to the decline in rhetoric, and the transformation of dialectic from a spoken art into formal, mental reasoning divorced from communication. Today, the main representatives of this tradition are journalism, design, and the plain language movement—although rhetoric, hermeneutics and critical theory still find a place in Western universities.
The thesis concludes by exposing contradictions between the three traditions, attachments and accretions they have acquired in their development, and how these are manifested in the current fragmentation of the field. Finally, I consider what might be salvaged from the history of ideas about communication, upon which a new unified tradition might be built.
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Bousmaha, Farah. "The impact of the negative perception of Islam in the Western media and culture from 9/11 to the Arab Spring." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5677.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)While the Arab spring succeeded in ousting the long-term dictator led governments from power in many Arab countries, leading the way to a new democratic process to develop in the Arab world, it did not end the old suspicions between Arab Muslims and the West. This research investigates the beginning of the relations between the Arab Muslims and the West as they have developed over time, and then focuses its analysis on perceptions from both sides beginning with 9/11 through the events known as the Arab spring. The framework for analysis is a communication perspective, as embodied in the Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM). According to CMM, communication can be understood as forms of interactions that both constitute and frame reality. The study posits the analysis that the current Arab Muslim-West divide, is often a conversation that is consistent with what CMM labels as the ethnocentric pattern. This analysis will suggest a new pathway, one that follows the CMM cosmopolitan form, as a more fruitful pattern for the future of Arab Muslim-West relations. This research emphasizes the factors fueling this ethnocentric pattern, in addition to ways of bringing the Islamic world and the West to understand each other with a more cosmopolitan approach, which, among other things, accepts mutual differences while fostering agreements. To reach this core, the study will apply a direct communicative engagement between the Islamic world and the West to foster trusted relations, between the two.
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"Moscow dispatches, 1921--1934: The writings of Walter Duranty, William Henry Chamberlain and Louis Fischer in Soviet Russia." Tulane University, 2000.
Find full textAbstract:
This review of Moscow dispatches (1921--1934) is based on a reading of the writings of Walter Duranty of the New York Times, William Henry Chamberlin of the Christian Science Monitor, and Louis Fischer of the Nation. Duranty was an experienced correspondent who had expressed anti-Soviet views before entering Russia to report on American famine relief. Chamberlin and Fischer, with little journalistic experience, were enthusiastic in their support for Bolshevism. None of the three knew Russian, and all three were unfamiliar with the Soviet political system. Foreign press coverage of a religious trial in 1923 resulted in the expulsion or departure of all western journalists except Duranty, Chamberlin and Fischer. Their editors in America were more concerned with domestic reports than Moscow dispatches, except for the salient issue of censorship. The objective of this study is evaluate the journalists' attitudes, under censorship pressures, in a totalitarian state. A study is made of their reports of Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky; the dispatches which they wrote during a series of Soviet show trials; and their relations with the Soviet secret police. The journalists' private lives, personal interests and religious beliefs are relevant. Their attitudes toward Stalin's Five-Year Plan, toward a second famine which the Soviets concealed, and concerning the issue of United States recognition of Soviet Russia are explored. With recognition in 1933, Moscow dispatches lost their exclusivity. In 1934 Chamberlin and Duranty departed; Fischer followed later. Newly-accessible Soviet archives thus far have yielded no trace of these Moscow journalists. The challenge in this dissertation is to measure, through a reading of their Moscow dispatches, the correspondents' views of the regimeacase@tulane.edu
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Waite-Fillion, Alexandra. "Le dispositif d'objets dans un nouveau type d'image au 16e siècle : les portraits de marchands." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23781.
Full textAbstract:
Le concept d’un « dispositif d’objets » présent dans le Portrait d’un marchand (v. 1530) de Jan Gossart et le Portrait du marchand Georg Gisze (1532) d’Hans Holbein le Jeune a pour objectif de porter un regard nouveau sur des œuvres trop souvent réduites à des notions d’esthétisme et de symbolisme. En utilisant une approche pluridisciplinaire à notre analyse, nous voulons promouvoir les objets comme acteur dominant dans la mise en scène de l’identité sociale du marchand au 16e siècle.
L’association entre histoire de l’art et anthropologie des techniques permet la validation d’une scénographie de la culture matérielle marchande, ainsi que le dégagement d’un commentaire social inhérent à la proposition artistique de Gossart et Holbein. L’intérêt d’une étude orientée sur les objets promet également l’ouverture d’une réflexion sur la manière de concevoir le portrait d’occupation indépendamment de la valeur anagogique qui lui est généralement associée à la Renaissance.
Le Portrait d’un marchand et le Portrait du marchand Georg Gisze attestent d’un moment ponctuel dans la production spatio-temporelle des portraits de marchands en Europe du Nord au 16e siècle. L’analogie confondante qui unit les deux œuvres prend son essence dans la thématique visuelle engendrée par le « dispositif d’objets ».The concept of an object system, as found in Jan Gossart’s Portrait of a Merchant (ca. 1530) and Hans Holbein the Younger’s Georg Gisze (1532) aims to reevaluate works which are too often reduced to aesthetics and symbolism. By means of a multidisciplinary approach, the study aims to promote the objects represented in the paintings as the dominant actors in the staging of the social identity of the sixteenth-century merchant. The association between art history and anthropology of techniques allows the validation of a scenography of the material merchant culture, as well as the emergence of a social commentary inherent to Gossart’s and Holbein’s artistic work. Attention to an object-oriented study also allows for new insights into how to understand the occupational portrait independently of an anagogical value, which is generally attributed to the Renaissance period. The Portrait of a Merchant and portrait of Georg Gisze attest to a specific moment in the production of merchant portraits in northern Europe during the sixteenth century. The apparently disparate works are united by the object system represented in the paintings.
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Suh, Joseph Che. "A study of translation strategies in Guillaume Oyono Mbia's plays." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1687.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on a study of translation strategies in Guillaume Oyono Mbia's plays. By using the sociological, formalistic and semiotic approaches to literary criticism to inform the analysis of the source texts and by applying descriptive models outlined within the framework of descriptive translation studies (DTS) to compare the source and target texts, the study establishes the fact that in his target texts Oyono Mbia, self-translating author, has produced a realistic and convincing portrait of his native Bulu culture and society depicted in his source texts by adopting the same default preservation and foreignizing strategy employed in his source texts. Oyono Mbia's works, his translation strategies and translational behaviour are situated in the context of the prevailing trend and attitude (from the sixties to date) of African writers writing in European languages and it is posited that this category of writers are in effect creative translators and that the strategies they use in their original compositions are the same as those outlined by translation scholars or effectively used by practitioners. These strategies enable the writer and the translator of this category of African literature to preserve the "Africanness" which is the essence and main distinguishing feature of that literature. Contrary to some scholars (cf. Bandia 1993:58) who regard the translation phenomenon evident in the creative writings of African writers writing in European languages as a process which is covert, semantic and secondary, the present study of Oyono Mbia's translation strategies clearly reveals the process as overt, communicative and primary. Taking Oyono Mbia's strategies as a case in point, this study postulates that since for the most part, the African writer writing in a European language has captured the African content and form in his original creative translation, what the translator simply needs to do is to carry over such content and form to the other European language.Linguistics
D.Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)