Relevant bibliographies by topics / Communication Boards

Academic literature on the topic 'Communication Boards'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Communication Boards.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Communication Boards"

1

Baldenius, Tim, Xiaojing Meng, and Lin Qiu. "Biased Boards." Accounting Review 94, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-52210.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT We study a corporate board tasked with monitoring a firm's CEO and providing incrementally decision-relevant information. The board has both compensation and non-pecuniary incentives—we label the latter board bias. Friendly boards have muted information gathering incentives, but can more effectively engage in cheap talk communication with management. As a result, the direction of the optimal board bias is determined by the CEO's initial information advantage: the board should be weakly friendly if the CEO is endowed with precise information, and weakly antagonistic (to the CEO) otherwise. Aside from assembling a friendly board, another way for shareholders to foster CEO/board communication is by granting the CEO more equity. In general, we find board friendliness and CEO equity grants to be positively associated, in equilibrium. This provides an optimal contracting rationale for an empirical regularity often interpreted as friendly boards facilitating rent extraction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zhang, Cai Rong, Guo Liang Liu, and Bin Wei. "Design and Implementation of Electronic Bus Stop Boards System Based on Wireless Communication Module." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 2441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.2441.

Full text
Abstract:
To the convenience of passenger travel, a kind of electronic bus stop boards system is discussed in this paper, which can be considered as intelligent equipment based on wireless communication technology. The combination between short-range wireless and long-distance communication module, together with the microcontroller composes the electronic bus stop boards system. The electronic bus stop boards system indicates the number of stations away from passengers’ station board on different nearest buses, current time and real-time humiture. The test results showed that the system could realize short-range and long-distance communication function and display the necessary information. With the advantages of high reliability and efficiency at low cost, the electronic bus stop boards system has more practical popularized value to replace traditional intelligent station boards with GPS and GPRS by cheap wireless communication module.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wu, Shuai, Xin Song, Dong Chen, and Xiao Qian Chen. "Realization of Communication and Management in the PhoneSat Based on AOA Protocol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.1185.

Full text
Abstract:
The main board of an Android smart-phone is one of the most important payload on PhoneSat. A modified Arduino board, which is based on AOA protocol, is used to connect the main board and the other boards. As there is no screen on the main board, there should not be any touch-screen operations in the communication between the Arduino board and the main board. In this paper, the mechanism of communication and management on PhoneSat is introduced firstly. Then a way to bypass the touch-screen operations in the communication between the main board and the Arduino board is shown. Finally an example about how to realize these two boards sending messages to each other is presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Guo, Shuaizhi, Tianqi Wang, Linfeng Tao, Teng Tian, Zikun Xiang, and Xi Jin. "RP-Ring: A Heterogeneous Multi-FPGA Accelerator." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6784319.

Full text
Abstract:
To reduce the cost of designing new specialized FPGA boards as direct-summation MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) simulator, we propose a new heterogeneous architecture with existing FPGA boards, which is called RP-ring (reconfigurable processor ring). This design can be expanded conveniently with any available FPGA board and only requires quite low communication bandwidth between FPGA boards. The communication protocol is simple and can be implemented with limited hardware/software resources. In order to avoid overall performance loss caused by the slowest board, we build a mathematical model to decompose workload among FPGAs. The dividing of workload is based on the logic resource, memory access bandwidth, and communication bandwidth of each FPGA chip. Our accelerator can achieve two orders of magnitude speedup compared with CPU implementation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fried-Oken, Melanie, Darlene Daniels, Olivia Ettinger, Aimee Mooney, Glory Noethe, and Charity Rowland. "What's on Your Mind? Conversation Topics Chosen by People With Degenerative Cognitive-Linguistic Disorders for Communication Boards." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 24, no. 2 (May 2015): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0057.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose Conversational topics chosen by a group of adults with degenerative cognitive-linguistic disorders for personalized communication board development were examined. The patient-generated themes commonly selected are presented to guide treatment planning and communication board development. Method Communication boards were created for 109 adults as part of a larger research project. One autobiographical topic that each participant would enjoy discussing multiple times was represented on each communication board with 16 pictures and word labels. For this review, topics were collapsed into general themes through a consensus process and examined by gender and age. Results Sixty unique conversational topics were identified from 109 participants and collapsed into 9 general themes: Hobbies, Family, Travel, Work, Home/Places I've Lived, Sports/Fitness, Religion, Animals, and World War II. Age and gender produced variations in themes chosen, though no significance in rank orders was found across groups. Conclusions Topics selected by adults with degenerative cognitive-linguistic disorders for communication boards resemble common conversational adult themes and do not center around basic needs or medical issues. Differences in gender and age for topic selection tend to be based on traditional roles. These general themes should be used when creating personalized communication boards for those who benefit from conversational aids.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gad, Jacek. "The Relationship Between Supervisory Board And Management And Their Communication Processes In Publicly Listed Companies In Poland." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 18, no. 2 (June 16, 2015): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2015-0016.

Full text
Abstract:
The focal point of this study is to present the results of empirical research concerning operation of supervisory boards in the practice of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). The main subject of interest concerns two research areas: the character of the relationship between as well as the methods and tools employed in communications between a supervisory board and management. The research paper consists of theoretical concepts regarding the supervisory boards’ tasks and the relationship between a supervisory board and a management board. Moreover, another area of interests concerns legislative changes that, according to the author, have had a great influence on functioning of supervisory boards in the practice of WSE-listed companies. The conclusions presented in the paper have been formulated on the basis of a review of the literature, analysis of pertinent regulations, and a questionnaire survey of members of supervisory boards which was conducted in September, October and November 2011 (the data was obtained by means of postal surveys).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ito, Nobuyuki, Junichi Urata, Yuto Nakanishi, Kei Okada, and Masayuki Inaba. "Development of Small Motor Driver Integrating Sensor Circuit and Interchangeable Communication Board." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 3 (June 20, 2011): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0443.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper deals with humanoid robot motor driver and sensor boards, whose communication systems are expensive to upgrade because they are implemented in both types of boards. Then, we must re-develop motor driver boards and sensor boards to change communication function. Function of communication with host computer is the very important function. However, it is hard to evaluate and compare methods of communication. So, we divide the function of motor driver to communication and driving motor. And we suggest the configuration of interchangeable communication system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Koyama, Keiichi. "Communication support boards: Pictorial symbols for communication assistance." Information Design Journal 18, no. 1 (June 9, 2010): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.18.1.09koy.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Schurer, Kristen. "Do communication boards improve care?" Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 12, no. 1 (2014): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000438413.38249.15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lewin, Beverly A., and Yonatan Donner. "Communication in Internet message boards." English Today 18, no. 3 (June 17, 2002): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840200305x.

Full text
Abstract:
A quantitative analysis of usage in Computer-Mediated Conversation (CMC).While commentators as ‘early’ as 1984 were predicting that the “organizational, social, and personal effects of computers will be deeply felt”, they could only speculate on the strength of its impact. As this account was being written, at the end of 2001, the effects of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) were fast overtaking our poor ability to measure them. There are many ways to communicate through computers: Usenet newsgroups, mailing lists, and message boards, which allow users to discuss specific topics with each other. (The term CMC allows for the possibility that some methods of communication, e.g., “chat rooms”, will not meet the definition of ‘mail’. The most popular method of CMC is e-mail. For those who have internet access, CMC is often their preferred choice of indirect (i.e., non face-to-face) communication, thanks to its speed, efficiency, and flexibility. Perhaps for these reasons, e-mail has already overtaken the telephone as the primary means of business communication.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Communication Boards"

1

Macke, Robin A. (Robin Ann). "Preservice Teacher Attitudes towards Nonvocal Individuals using High Technology Augmentative Communication Devices versus Low Technology Communication Boards." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277750/.

Full text
Abstract:
The attitudes of preservice teachers towards individuals who are nonvocal and using either a high technology augmentative communication (HAC) device or a low technology communication board were investigated. A rating scale was devised, consisting of three sub-scales. The three sub-scales measured preservice teachers' estimates of intelligence, academic potential, and social acceptance in the regular education setting. Reliability and validity were established through a pilot study. Preservice teachers viewed videotapes of children using either high technology or low technology augmentative communication devices and subsequently completed the rating scale based on the videotapes. Results indicated that preservice teachers perceived the same child as having greater academic and social acceptance potential when using high technology augmentative communication.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Vargas, Leah E. "The Ideology of the Federal Policy and Institutional Review Boards and its Effects on Research." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/208.

Full text
Abstract:
The Federal Policy for the protection of human subjects in research is built on a positivist ideology which effects Institutional Review Boards (IRB) and the research it reviews. An ideological criticism of the regulations through a positivist and postmodernist perspective reveals its initial purpose for biomedical research and its negative effects on research not discussed during its development. Such effects are a shift in focus on regulation over ethics in IRBs, extended oversight of regulations, revisions in research design and objectives, and self-regulation through the punishment of noncompliance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Nässla, Hans. "Intra-Family Information Flow and Prospects for Communication Systems." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5672.

Full text
Abstract:

Today, information and communication technology is not only for professional use, but also for private tasks. In this thesis, the use of such technology for managing family information flow is investigated. Busy family life today, with school, work and leisure activites, makes coordination and synchronisation a burden. In what way cell-phones and Internet provides a support for those tasks is investigated, together with proposals for future technology.

The problem with coordination and synchronisation were found to be managed by a bulletin board placed at a central point at home. Besides the bulletin board, we found that calendars, shopping lists, and to-do lists are important. The families we investigated in field studies were all intensive users of both Internet and cell-phones.

Since the bulletin board played such an important role in the family life, we equipped families with cameras to be able to track what happened at those places with help of photo diaries. The field studies revealed that each family had their own unconscious procedure to manage the flow of notes on the bulletin board.

With technology, new problem will emerge. We investigated how notes on typical family bulletin boards may be visualised on a computer screen, and compared click-expand, zoom-pan and bifocal interfaces. The click-expand interface was substantially faster for browsing, and also easier to use.

An advantage of information and communication technology is that it may provide possibilities for multiple interfaces to information, and not only different terminals but also from different places. At home, a digital refrigerator door or a mobile web tablet; at work or at school, a conventional computer; when on the move, a cell-phone or a PDA. System architecture for these possibilities is presented.


Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC-2004:39.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Phelps-Hillen, Johanna. "Institutional Review Boards and Writing Studies Research: A Justice-Oriented Study." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6742.

Full text
Abstract:
In this multi-method dissertation project I conduct policy analysis and utilize results from a discipline-wide survey (n=258) to examine the intersection of Writing Studies researchers’ disciplinary affiliation, research context, and personal disposition in relation to the local implementation of federal policy regarding human subjects research. I elaborate on the context of this project, discussing the September 2015 release of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to revise and update the Common Rule, 45.CFR Part 46, and the Conference on College Composition and Communication’s formal comment in response to the proposed rule’s provisions. I discuss the process of designing and implementing the survey used to establish a disciplinary representation of Writing Studies researchers’ perceptions of, and experiences with, IRBs. The results of this survey (Chapter 4) indicate how Writing Studies researchers presently interface with the process of local policy implementation. In Chapter 5, data from the survey are set against the Final Rule (released January 19, 2017) to provide a new taxonomy for Writing Studies researchers regarding how to interface with IRBs. Finally, the major theoretical contribution is articulated in Chapter Six: a call for human subjects researchers in Writing Studies to consider IRBs as justice-oriented, rather than positivist, in design and purpose. I argue increasingly reciprocal relationships between IRBs and Writing Studies researchers will help ensure Writing Studies research is not overly influenced by IRB review, nor that Writing Studies researchers are unwilling or unable to interface with IRBs to build more ethical and robust research agendas.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Riley, Sarah E. "Expressions of Concern and Social Support about Reproductive Care for Young Women on an Online Message Board." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/19.

Full text
Abstract:
The experience of a pelvic exam or Pap smear is something that, while necessary to maintain reproductive health, can be fraught with difficulty for women. Ouj, Igberase, Exe, and Ejikeme (2011) note that “[m]ost women feel a level of discomfort or pain and for some it is embarrassing, dehumanizing, degrading and associated with fear, anxiety and apprehension” (p. 637). However, little recent research has focused on the specific communication surrounding reproductive care for young women. The Internet is a common place for young people to seek health information, understand their own health risks, and seek social support from others. The current study utilizes information gleaned from the archives of an internet message board and sexual education website to examine the way that young women communicate about reproductive health care, risk, and social support with experts and peers in the online community. Results indicate that young women request, seek, and receive several different types of social support in the online community. Further, themes illuminate the complex nature of women’s concerns about potential risk and reproductive care.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Tangpijaikul, Montri. "The Thai university student's fine-tuning of discourse in academic essays and electronic bulletin boards performance and competence /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/73139.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (DAppLing)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Dept. of Linguistics, 2009.
Bibliography: p. 208-233.
Introduction -- Conceptual frameworks: language competence and the acquisition of modality -- Generic frameworks: speech, writing and electronic communication -- Linguistic frameworks: modality and related concepts -- Research design and methodologies -- FTDs in the ACAD and BB corpora -- Learner's use of FTDs in discoursal context and their individual repertoires -- Conclusions and implications.
While natural interaction is one of the important components that lead to successful language learning (Vygotsky 1978, 1986), communication in classroom practice in Thailand is mostly teacher-centered and not genuinely interactive. Online group communication is different because it allows learners to exercise interpersonal communicative skills through interaction and meaning negotiation, as in reciprocal speech situations. At the same time it gives learners time to think and produce language without having to face the kind of pressure they feel in face-to-face classroom discussion. The language learner's competence is thus likely to be enhanced by opportunities to communicate online, and to be more visible there than in academic contexts, although there is a dearth of experimental research to show this. One way of investigating the pedagogical potential of bulletin board discussions is to focus on the interpersonal linguistic devices used in textual interactions (Biber 1988). -- The purpose of this research is to find out whether students communicating online in bulletin board writing will exercise their repertoires of linguistic fine-tuning devices (hedges, modals, and intensifiers) more extensively than when writing academic essays. This was expected because hedges, modals and intensifiers are likely to be found in interactive discussions (Holmes 1983), while academic tasks do not create such an environment. Though hedges and modal devices are also found in academic genres (Salager-Meyer 1994, Hyland 1998), those used tend to be academic in function rather than communicative. -- In order to compare the frequency and variety of the fine-tuning devices used by learners in the two mediums, data was gathered from 39 Thai students of English at Kasetsart University, from (1) their discussions in online bulletin boards and (2) their academic essays. Tasks were assigned on parallel topics in three text types (narrative, explanatory, argumentative) for both mediums. The amount of writing was normalized to create comparable text lengths. Measures used in the quantitative analysis included tallying of the types and tokens of the experimental linguistic items, with the help of the AntConc 2007 computer concordancer. Samples of written texts from the two mediums were also analyzed qualitatively and compared in terms of their discourse structure (stages, moves and speech acts), to see which functional segments support or prompt particular types of pragmatic devices. -- The findings confirm that in electronic bulletin boards the students exercise their repertoires of fine-tuning devices more frequently, and use a greater variety of pragmatic functions than in academic essays. This is probably because online discussion fosters interactions that are more typical of speech (Crystal 2006), and its structure allows for a series of interpersonal moves which have no place in academic tasks. Text-type also emerged as a significant factor: writing argumentative texts prompted greater use of modals and intensifiers than the narrative and explanatory ones. Thus students' communicative competence showed itself most fully in the argumentative online assignments, and was not so evident in academic and expository essays. Frequent use of modal and intensifying elements was also found to correlate with the students' English proficiency grades, and how regularly they wrote online. This incidentally shows the importance of exposure to L2 in language acquisition, and that lower-proficiency learners need more opportunities to exercise their L2 resources in interactive discourse, in order to develop competence in using them. -- These research findings support Long's (1996) 'Interaction Hypothesis', that learners learn best in situations that cater for interaction; and Swain's (1985) 'Output Hypothesis', that learners need the chance to exercise their language naturally in a variety of contexts -through academic tasks as well as social interactions, which are equally important for language education. Extended performance opportunities undoubtedly feed back into the learner's communicative competence.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xi, 389 p. ill
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Cresci, David John. "On-wafer characterization of ground vias in multilayer FR-4 printed circuit boards at RF/microwave frequencies." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15806.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sulaiman, Mubarak S. A. "The evaluation of academic electronic bulletin boards for communication and training : HCI factors in the UK and Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22202.

Full text
Abstract:
Electronic networks services have become essential tools for the academic community. One of the services provided has been academic electronic bulletin boards (EBBs), and the use of EBBs has increased dramatically during the last decade. One question concerns the possible application of EBBs as a means both for communication and for remote training. A series of experiments were conducted during 1991, 1992, and 1993 with the aim of examining the use of EBBs for these purposes. The first experiment was carried out to investigate whether users experience problems in using EBBs. The next extended this to see how students evaluated EBBs for communication and training purposes. The main focus of the work was BUBL. After this second experiment, modifications were made to the BUBL data and a further experiment was carried out. A different group of students looked at the modified material, and also compared it with US data using different software. The fourth experiment compared the usability of a menu-based interface (dBase III +) and a hypertext interface (HyperCard) from a student's viewpoint. It was followed by an investigation of icons to find out how well different icons could be recognised and the possibility of using them for language-independent instructions. Finally, the characteristics and problems of GULFNET users were examined. The evaluation has demonstrated the general acceptability of EBBs and their likely value for training purposes. This leads to a discussion of how an EBB might best be developed for use in communication and training on GULFNET.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lai, Siu-ming Theresa. "Electronic communication and its contribution to students' writing development a case study of a group of ESL engineering students in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31944814.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Warren, Douglas J. "A Critical Study of Communications in Land Use Hearings." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1349.

Full text
Abstract:
This study addresses a major theoretical issue posed in the literature: can alienation in modern urban society be conceptualized in terms of the communicative competence of speakers taking part in social interaction. Specifically, this study explores the relationship between communicative competence and two observable indications of success in land use hearings: 1) ability to influence the final decision of the Variance Committee and 2) expression of feelings of dissatisfaction with the hearings process, as expressed by the participants. On a broader scale, the study tests Jurgen Habermas's classification of speech acts and the notion that public hearings are a free and open process for integrating public opinion into land use decisions. Twenty-five hearings before the Variance Committee of the City of Portland were observed in order to record the types of speech acts used by four different groups in the hearings - the protestors, the applicants, the planning staff and the committee members. Following the hearings the applicant and a protestor were interviewed to ask information about their perceptions of the hearings process. In addition, all the Variance Committee members (15) and twenty-five professional planning staff were interviewed. Altogether 98 interviews were conducted. Analysis of Variance demonstrates that there is a significant difference in the use of the four types of speech acts by the four groups. Tabular analysis shows that the applicants are more comfortable with the hearings process than the protestors. However, both groups are relatively well satisfied with the hearings process, even after controlling for the final decision. Multiple linear regression demonstrates that the decision of the hearing is strongly associated with the speech acts received by the applicants and protestors. Furthermore, a large portion of those acts and their direction can be attributed to the committee Chairman. Based on these two findings (direction of the committee's attention and the Chairman's influence), a case analysis of 14 (out of twenty-five) crucial cases were examined to determine the interactive process used in reaching the final decision. Crucial case analysis revealed that the committee follows an identical ritual review process, led by the Chairman, in all those cases where the final decision corresponds to the staff recommendation. In those cases where the staff recommendation is reversed, the ritual review process is interrupted by one of three types of unexpected errors, committed by the testifiers, which shift the communicative attention of the committee to the opposing testifiers. These findings suggest the hearing process does not provide free and open access to opportunities to influence the decision in Variance hearings. Although some feelings of placation occur on the part of applicants and protestors, the final decisions are heavily predisposed by the professional staff recommendation. This predisposition is not overcome by compelling rational discourse, but only if a "fatal error" is committee by one group of testifiers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Communication Boards"

1

Patterson, Sally J. Generate buzz!: Strategic communication for nonprofit boards. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: BoardSource, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Generating buzz: Strategic communications for nonprofit boards. Washington, DC: BoardSource, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rapaport, Matthew. Computer mediated communications: Bulletin boards, computer conferencing, electronic mail, and information retrieval. New York: Wiley, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Flatley, Marie Elizabeth. Teaching electronic communication: Technology for the digital age. Little Rock, Ark: Delta Pi Epsilon, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

L, Williams Robert. Wireless community networks: A guide for library boards, educators, and community leaders. Austin, Tex: Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Library Development Division, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Love online: A practical guide to digital dating. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Phillips, John T. Electronic mail and ARMA International: The email/BBS project : an investigation into the utility of electronic communications. [Prairie Village, Kan: ARMA International, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Axelrod, Nancy R. Culture of inquiry: Healthy debate in the boardroom. Washington, DC: BoardSource, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wood, Lamont. Bulletin board systems for business. New York: Wiley, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

United States. Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. 2002 annual report of the Boards of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds: Communication from the Boards of Trustees, Federal Hospital Insurance and Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Communication Boards"

1

Battye, Alison. "Communication Boards." In Navigating AAC, 81–86. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003296850-20.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Anand, M. L. "Surface Mount Boards." In Modern Electronics and Communication Engineering, 145–64. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003222972-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mich, Luisa. "The Website Quality of the Regional Tourist Boards in the Alps: Ten Years Later." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014, 651–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_47.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ukpabi, Dandison, Benjamin Quarshie, and Heikki Karjaluoto. "Exploring Post-COVID-19 Branding Strategies of African Destinations." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2023, 217–27. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25752-0_24.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe lifting of COVID-19 restrictions has led to the opening of many tourism destinations, with many destination marketing organizations (DMOs) adopting different strategies to attract tourists. This study explores the post-COVID-19 branding strategies of four award-winning African destinations (South Africa, Kenya, Morocco, and Mauritius) and how they utilize social media to communicate their destination brand identities. We curated the tweets of the National Tourism Boards of the examined destinations from their official Twitter accounts and analyzed them using Atlas.ti. We found that each of the destinations uniquely identifies and communicates its destination’s competitive advantages. We provide insights and implications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Majumdar, Jharna, Manish Verma, Prajwal Shah, Gagan Karthik, Srinath Ramachandhran, and Thribhuvan Gupta. "Real-Time Implementation and Analysis of Different Adaptive Enhancement Algorithms Using Embedded Hardware Boards." In Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications, 1027–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1342-5_81.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gretzel, Ulrike. "Dreaming About Travel: A Pinterest Netnography." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 256–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_23.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractOngoing travel information search remains under-examined in general, and specifically in terms of social media use. Understanding how visual social media platforms inspire travel dreams is increasingly pertinent as visual contents gain in importance. This is especially relevant when travel is restricted, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pinterest seems to be ideally suited for supporting ongoing search but has been rarely used as a data source in e-tourism research. This paper uses a netnographic approach to explore travel-related Pinterest data. From a methodological perspective, it finds that the platform is suitable for informing ongoing travel information search research but points to potential methodological challenges. As a theoretical contribution, it highlights the popularity of capturing travel dreams through Pinterest boards and illustrates the affective labor users put into their collections of travel dreams. The paper concludes with implications for tourism marketing and recommender system design.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mueller, Vannesa T. "Communication Board." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_1662-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mueller, Vannesa T. "Communication Board." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 727. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1662.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Mueller, Vannesa T. "Communication Board." In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1095. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1662.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Weik, Martin H. "board." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 137. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1743.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Communication Boards"

1

Chipambwa, Walter, and Evelyn V. Chikwanya. "Design communication: Fashion design students' perspectives on digital vs physical mood boards." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p76.

Full text
Abstract:
A mood board provides a blueprint of the design process in a particular situational design problem. With the developments in the technology the process of making and presenting a mood board has now migrated to the various digital platforms. Traditionally designers in creative world used to make physical mood boards and this has changed as some now prefer the digital mood boards. The effectiveness of mood boards cannot be overemphasised especially in the fashion design world as they provide the visual impression which is a key source of inspiration to the designer. In this study ten final year students enrolled into a fashion design degree program were interviewed to assess their perception of digital and physical mood boards. The students were given a task to respond to a situational design problem and tasked to create their mood board physically and digitally and then evaluate the process they followed in coming up with their fashion mood boards. It was revealed that many students preferred the physical method as it is more engaging to the designer and informative though it is time consuming unlike as compared to the digital mood board. It was also revealed that due to the decrease in print media as technology is advancing sources of material that can be used in developing a physical mood boards have become less especially for the students who relied heavily on printed magazines. The study concluded that students need to be taught the process of making physical mood boards first before they do the digital mood boards and also there is need to improve individual graphic design skills so that they can improve quality of their digital mood boards.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pereira, Jayr A., Jaylton A. Pereira, and Robson do N. Fidalgo. "Caregivers Acceptance of Using Semantic Communication Boards for teaching Children with Complex Communication Needs." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2021.218141.

Full text
Abstract:
Alternative Communication Boards (ACB) are used to compensate for the difficulties faced by people with complex communication needs. These boards facilitate the construction of telegraphic phrases through visual cues, using colors and pictograms to represent the grammatical class and the meaning of the words, respectively. In this paper, we present the combination of three essential materials to construct a semantic ACB. In this context, a Semantic ACB is a communication board that uses a semantic script to guide the message authoring. The proposal was evaluated using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a basis. The results demonstrate that caregivers are more interested in a semantic ACB that is useful than in one that is easy to use.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fatim, M., Garcia Doval, M. Jose, Pousada Carballo, Jose Manuel, and Vez Jeremias. "TICTAC: Information and communication technologies for augmentative communication boards." In 2010 IEEE Education Engineering 2010 - The Future of Global Learning Engineering Education (EDUCON 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2010.5492419.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Liskin, Olga, and Kurt Schneider. "Improving Project Communication with Virtual Team Boards." In 2012 Seventh IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering Workshop (ICGSEW). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgsew.2012.10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Netzer, Yael, and Michael Elhadad. "Using semantic authoring for Blissymbols communication boards." In the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Companion Volume: Short Papers. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1614049.1614076.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Phelps-Hillen, Johanna. "Institutional Review Boards." In SIGDOC '14: The 32nd ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666235.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pereira, Jayr A., Sheyla de Medeiros, Cleber Zanchettin, and Robson do N. Fidalgo. "Pictogram Prediction in Alternative Communication Boards: a Mapping Study." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbie.2022.225217.

Full text
Abstract:
Alternative communication boards (ACB) are tools that try to compensate for the difficulties faced by people with complex communication needs. Generally, these tools consist of a mobile application in which the user can construct sentences by arranging pictograms (picture+label pair representing a concept) in sequence. This study systematically maps the literature on pictogram prediction in ACBs. We analyzed eight studies to investigate how computational methods are used for pictogram prediction, how these proposals are evaluated, and the studies' outcomes regarding user communication improvement. The main findings indicate the usage of different methods for pictogram prediction and a mixture of automatic and expert evaluation, which lead to inconclusive outcomes regarding user communication improvement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Liu, Yang, Fazhi Song, Kai Wei, and Zhenxian Fu. "Communication design for multi-boards based on VME bus." In International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation, edited by Junning Cui, Jiubin Tan, and Xianfang Wen. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2182254.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Turley, Curtis, Maria Alessandra Montironi, and Harry H. Cheng. "Programming Arduino Boards With the C/C++ Interpreter Ch." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47837.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents the ChArduino package which is designed to control the Atmel AVR microcontroller based Arduino boards through the C/C++ interpreter Ch. Traditionally, Arduino boards are programmed using the official Arduino IDE or lower-level AVR C libraries. These methods require specific cross-compilation tools to compile the code and upload it onto the board. Whenever a change is made to the source code, it needs to be recompiled and uploaded, making application development cumbersome, especially for beginners and as the size of the application grows. The approach presented in this paper is aimed at reducing the effort associated with code compilation, especially in classroom environments where microcontroller programming is first introduced. In fact, when using this method, code is executed in an interpreted manner and every function call is processed separately by the interpreter, thus compilation and uploading are not required to make changes effective. The ChArduino package consists of a library of functions running on a computer and a specialized firmware loaded onto the Arduino board. The firmware on the Arduino board is pre-compiled and the latest version is automatically uploaded at run time, if not already. At power-up, the firmware initializes the board and then waits for a command from the computer. The use of the C/C++ interpreter Ch also makes available line-by-line debugging, numerical analysis, and plotting capabilities. The supported communication protocols between the Arduino board and the computer are serial and Bluetooth. The application code written using this package is completely compatible with the entire spectrum of Arduino boards and can be ported to the Arduino IDE with minimal changes. The applications of the method described in this paper are general but apply especially to the K-12 education field in that the package creates a simple, user-friendly, environment for the absolute beginner to learn the basic principles of mechatronic systems including programming, microcontrollers, and electrical circuits. Lesson plans are being developed to use the ChArduino package in microcontroller introductory courses and the package is currently being introduced for preliminary testing in schools through the UC Davis C-STEM Center.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ponnusamy, Vasaki, Rathija Subramaniam, and Thiruchelvi Murugiah. "Promoting Better Learning Skills through Online Discussion Boards." In 2009 International Conference on Future Computer and Communication (ICFCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfcc.2009.89.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Communication Boards"

1

O'Leary, Ros. Online Communication using Discussion Boards. The Economics Network, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n1137a.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Balyk, Nadiia, Svitlana Leshchuk, and Dariia Yatsenyak. Developing a Mini Smart House model. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3741.

Full text
Abstract:
The work is devoted to designing a smart home educational model. The authors analyzed the literature in the field of the Internet of Things and identified the basic requirements for the training model. It contains the following levels: command, communication, management. The authors identify the main subsystems of the training model: communication, signaling, control of lighting, temperature, filling of the garbage container, monitoring of sensor data. The proposed smart home educational model takes into account the economic indicators of resource utilization, which gives the opportunity to save on payment for their consumption. The hardware components for the implementation of the Mini Smart House were selected in the article. It uses a variety of technologies to conveniently manage it and use renewable energy to power it. The model was produced independently by students involved in the STEM project. Research includes sketching, making construction parts, sensor assembly and Arduino boards, programming in the Arduino IDE environment, testing the functioning of the system. Research includes sketching, making some parts, assembly sensor and Arduino boards, programming in the Arduino IDE environment, testing the functioning of the system. Approbation Mini Smart House researches were conducted within activity the STEM-center of Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, in particular during the educational process and during numerous trainings and seminars for pupils and teachers of computer science.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Herman, Robert, and Larry Welch. Report of the Defense Science Board 1996 Task Force on Command, Control, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Integration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432361.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hermann, Robert, and Larry Welch. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Integration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326142.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chambers, Katherine, Joshua Murphy, and Kathryn McIntosh. 2017 hurricane season : recommendations for a resilient path forward for the Marine Transportation System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41285.

Full text
Abstract:
In October 2017, the Coordinating Board of the US Committee on the Marine Transportation System tasked the MTS Resilience Integrated Action Team to identify the impacts, best practices, and lessons learned by federal agencies during the 2017 hurricane season. The RIAT studied the resiliency of the MTS by targeting its ability to prepare, respond, recover, and adapt to and from disruptions by turning to the collective knowledge of its members. Utilizing interagency data calls and a targeted workshop, the RIAT gauged the disruptive effect of the 2017 hurricane season and how Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria affected the operating status of at least 45 US ports across three major regions. This report identifies recommendations to better understand how the MTS can prepare for future storms and identifies activities by federal agencies that are contributing towards resilience. Such actions include hosting early pre-storm preparedness meetings, prioritizing communication between agencies and information distribution, and maintaining or updating existing response plans. Recommendations also target challenges experienced such as telecommunication and prioritization assistance to ports and critical infrastructure. Finally, the report offers opportunities to minimize the impacts experienced from storms and other disruptions to enhance the resilience of the MTS and supporting infrastructure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Improvements in knowledge of Norplant® implants acceptors: An intervention study in West Sumatra and West Java. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1020.

Full text
Abstract:
Previous studies on Norplant® implants in Indonesia have shown that there are a substantial number of implant acceptors, providers, fieldworkers, and volunteers who are unaware of the basic facts about Norplant. In addition, information, education, and communication materials are lacking for providers, fieldworkers, volunteers, and clients. With these issues in mind, the Training and Development Center for Biomedical and Human Reproduction Studies of the National Family Planning Coordinating Board launched an Operations Research intervention study with Study Groups on Human Reproduction from Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, and Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, with support from the Population Council. The study began on November 1, 1993, and ended on June 30, 1995. The objectives of the study were to provide accurate information on Norplant implants to women prior to insertion, and to assess the effectiveness of a system of approaches to providing information in order to increase acceptors’ knowledge of the implants. This final report presents findings from the study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.

Full text
Abstract:
Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Monetary Policy Report - January 2022. Banco de la República, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2022.

Full text
Abstract:
Macroeconomic summary Several factors contributed to an increase in projected inflation on the forecast horizon, keeping it above the target rate. These included inflation in December that surpassed expectations (5.62%), indexation to higher inflation rates for various baskets in the consumer price index (CPI), a significant real increase in the legal minimum wage, persistent external and domestic inflationary supply shocks, and heightened exchange rate pressures. The CPI for foods was affected by the persistence of external and domestic supply shocks and was the most significant contributor to unexpectedly high inflation in the fourth quarter. Price adjustments for fuels and certain utilities can explain the acceleration in inflation for regulated items, which was more significant than anticipated. Prices in the CPI for goods excluding food and regulated items also rose more than expected. This was partly due to a smaller effect on prices from the national government’s VAT-free day than anticipated by the technical staff and more persistent external pressures, including via peso depreciation. By contrast, the CPI for services excluding food and regulated items accelerated less than expected, partly reflecting strong competition in the communications sector. This was the only major CPI basket for which prices increased below the target inflation rate. The technical staff revised its inflation forecast upward in response to certain external shocks (prices, costs, and depreciation) and domestic shocks (e.g., on meat products) that were stronger and more persistent than anticipated in the previous report. Observed inflation and a real increase in the legal minimum wage also exceeded expectations, which would boost inflation by affecting price indexation, labor costs, and inflation expectations. The technical staff now expects year-end headline inflation of 4.3% in 2022 and 3.4% in 2023; core inflation is projected to be 4.5% and 3.6%, respectively. These forecasts consider the lapse of certain price relief measures associated with the COVID-19 health emergency, which would contribute to temporarily keeping inflation above the target on the forecast horizon. It is important to note that these estimates continue to contain a significant degree of uncertainty, mainly related to the development of external and domestic supply shocks and their ultimate effects on prices. Other contributing factors include high price volatility and measurement uncertainty related to the extension of Colombia’s health emergency and tax relief measures (such as the VAT-free days) associated with the Social Investment Law (Ley de Inversión Social). The as-yet uncertain magnitude of the effects of a recent real increase in the legal minimum wage (that was high by historical standards) and high observed and expected inflation, are additional factors weighing on the overall uncertainty of the estimates in this report. The size of excess productive capacity remaining in the economy and the degree to which it is closing are also uncertain, as the evolution of the pandemic continues to represent a significant forecast risk. margin, could be less dynamic than expected. And the normalization of monetary policy in the United States could come more quickly than projected in this report, which could negatively affect international financing costs. Finally, there remains a significant degree of uncertainty related to the duration of supply chocks and the degree to which macroeconomic and political conditions could negatively affect the recovery in investment. The technical staff revised its GDP growth projection for 2022 from 4.7% to 4.3% (Graph 1.3). This revision accounts for the likelihood that a larger portion of the recent positive dynamic in private consumption would be transitory than previously expected. This estimate also contemplates less dynamic investment behavior than forecast in the previous report amid less favorable financial conditions and a highly uncertain investment environment. Third-quarter GDP growth (12.9%), which was similar to projections from the October report, and the fourth-quarter growth forecast (8.7%) reflect a positive consumption trend, which has been revised upward. This dynamic has been driven by both public and private spending. Investment growth, meanwhile, has been weaker than forecast. Available fourth-quarter data suggest that consumption spending for the period would have exceeded estimates from October, thanks to three consecutive months that included VAT-free days, a relatively low COVID-19 caseload, and mobility indicators similar to their pre-pandemic levels. By contrast, the most recently available figures on new housing developments and machinery and equipment imports suggest that investment, while continuing to rise, is growing at a slower rate than anticipated in the previous report. The trade deficit is expected to have widened, as imports would have grown at a high level and outpaced exports. Given the above, the technical staff now expects fourth-quarter economic growth of 8.7%, with overall growth for 2021 of 9.9%. Several factors should continue to contribute to output recovery in 2022, though some of these may be less significant than previously forecast. International financial conditions are expected to be less favorable, though external demand should continue to recover and terms of trade continue to increase amid higher projected oil prices. Lower unemployment rates and subsequent positive effects on household income, despite increased inflation, would also boost output recovery, as would progress in the national vaccination campaign. The technical staff expects that the conditions that have favored recent high levels of consumption would be, in large part, transitory. Consumption spending is expected to grow at a slower rate in 2022. Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) would continue to recover, approaching its pre-pandemic level, though at a slower rate than anticipated in the previous report. This would be due to lower observed GFCF levels and the potential impact of political and fiscal uncertainty. Meanwhile, the policy interest rate would be less expansionary as the process of monetary policy normalization continues. Given the above, growth in 2022 is forecast to decelerate to 4.3% (previously 4.7%). In 2023, that figure (3.1%) is projected to converge to levels closer to the potential growth rate. In this case, excess productive capacity would be expected to tighten at a similar rate as projected in the previous report. The trade deficit would tighten more than previously projected on the forecast horizon, due to expectations of an improved export dynamic and moderation in imports. The growth forecast for 2022 considers a low basis of comparison from the first half of 2021. However, there remain significant downside risks to this forecast. The current projection does not, for example, account for any additional effects on economic activity resulting from further waves of COVID-19. High private consumption levels, which have already surpassed pre-pandemic levels by a large margin, could be less dynamic than expected. And the normalization of monetary policy in the United States could come more quickly than projected in this report, which could negatively affect international financing costs. Finally, there remains a significant degree of uncertainty related to the duration of supply chocks and the degree to which macroeconomic and political conditions could negatively affect the recovery in investment. External demand for Colombian goods and services should continue to recover amid significant global inflation pressures, high oil prices, and less favorable international financial conditions than those estimated in October. Economic activity among Colombia’s major trade partners recovered in 2021 amid countries reopening and ample international liquidity. However, that growth has been somewhat restricted by global supply chain disruptions and new outbreaks of COVID-19. The technical staff has revised its growth forecast for Colombia’s main trade partners from 6.3% to 6.9% for 2021, and from 3.4% to 3.3% for 2022; trade partner economies are expected to grow 2.6% in 2023. Colombia’s annual terms of trade increased in 2021, largely on higher oil, coffee, and coal prices. This improvement came despite increased prices for goods and services imports. The expected oil price trajectory has been revised upward, partly to supply restrictions and lagging investment in the sector that would offset reduced growth forecasts in some major economies. Elevated freight and raw materials costs and supply chain disruptions continue to affect global goods production, and have led to increases in global prices. Coupled with the recovery in global demand, this has put upward pressure on external inflation. Several emerging market economies have continued to normalize monetary policy in this context. Meanwhile, in the United States, the Federal Reserve has anticipated an end to its asset buying program. U.S. inflation in December (7.0%) was again surprisingly high and market average inflation forecasts for 2022 have increased. The Fed is expected to increase its policy rate during the first quarter of 2022, with quarterly increases anticipated over the rest of the year. For its part, Colombia’s sovereign risk premium has increased and is forecast to remain on a higher path, to levels above the 15-year-average, on the forecast horizon. This would be partly due to the effects of a less expansionary monetary policy in the United States and the accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in Colombia. Given the above, international financial conditions are projected to be less favorable than anticipated in the October report. The increase in Colombia’s external financing costs could be more significant if upward pressures on inflation in the United States persist and monetary policy is normalized more quickly than contemplated in this report. As detailed in Section 2.3, uncertainty surrounding international financial conditions continues to be unusually high. Along with other considerations, recent concerns over the potential effects of new COVID-19 variants, the persistence of global supply chain disruptions, energy crises in certain countries, growing geopolitical tensions, and a more significant deceleration in China are all factors underlying this uncertainty. The changing macroeconomic environment toward greater inflation and unanchoring risks on inflation expectations imply a reduction in the space available for monetary policy stimulus. Recovery in domestic demand and a reduction in excess productive capacity have come in line with the technical staff’s expectations from the October report. Some upside risks to inflation have materialized, while medium-term inflation expectations have increased and are above the 3% target. Monetary policy remains expansionary. Significant global inflationary pressures and the unexpected increase in the CPI in December point to more persistent effects from recent supply shocks. Core inflation is trending upward, but remains below the 3% target. Headline and core inflation projections have increased on the forecast horizon and are above the target rate through the end of 2023. Meanwhile, the expected dynamism of domestic demand would be in line with low levels of excess productive capacity. An accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances in Colombia and the increased likelihood of a faster normalization of monetary policy in the United States would put upward pressure on sovereign risk perceptions in a more persistent manner, with implications for the exchange rate and the natural rate of interest. Persistent disruptions to international supply chains, a high real increase in the legal minimum wage, and the indexation of various baskets in the CPI to higher inflation rates could affect price expectations and push inflation above the target more persistently. These factors suggest that the space to maintain monetary stimulus has continued to diminish, though monetary policy remains expansionary. 1.2 Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s board of directors (BDBR) in its meetings in December 2021 and January 2022 voted to continue normalizing monetary policy. The BDBR voted by a majority in these two meetings to increase the benchmark interest rate by 50 and 100 basis points, respectively, bringing the policy rate to 4.0%.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Communication Boards' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography