Journal articles: 'Communicable diseases Asia'

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Bermejo, Raoul. "Non-communicable diseases in southeast Asia." Lancet 377, no. 9782 (June 2011): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60863-5.

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Poudel, Krishna C., Masami Fujita, Kimberly Green, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, and Masamine Jimba. "Non-communicable diseases in southeast Asia." Lancet 377, no. 9782 (June 2011): 2004–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60864-7.

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Ghaffar, Abdul, K. Srinath Reddy, and Monica Singhi. "Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia." BMJ 328, no. 7443 (April 1, 2004): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.807.

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Siegel, K. R., S. A. Patel, and M. K. Ali. "Non-communicable diseases in South Asia: contemporary perspectives." British Medical Bulletin 111, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldu018.

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Dans, Antonio, Nawi Ng, Cherian Varghese, E. Shyong Tai, Rebecca Firestone, and Ruth Bonita. "Non-communicable diseases in southeast Asia – Authors' reply." Lancet 377, no. 9782 (June 2011): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60865-9.

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Lee, Glenn KM, Kian Wee Tan, Kee Tai Goh, and Annelies Wilder-Smith. "Trends in Importation of Communicable Diseases into Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 10 (October 15, 2010): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n10p764.

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Introduction: Singapore is a transition country in Southeast Asia that is both vulnerable and receptive to the introduction and re-introduction of imported communicable diseases. Materials and Methods: For a 10-year period between 1998 and 2007 we studied the trend, epidemiological characteristics, proportion of imported versus local transmission of malaria, viral hepatitis (hepatitis A and E), enteric fevers (typhoid and paratyphoid), cholera, chikungunya and SARS. Results: Of a total of 4617 cases of the above selected diseases notified in Singapore, 3599 (78.0%) were imported. The majority of the imported cases originated from Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Malaria constituted the largest bulk (of which 95.9% of the 2126 reported cases were imported), followed by hepatitis A (57.1% of 1053 cases imported), typhoid (87.6% of 596 cases imported), paratyphoid (87.6% of 241 cases imported), and hepatitis E (68.8% of 231 cases imported). Furthermore, there were 14 cases of imported cholera, 6 cases of imported severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and 13 cases of imported chikungunya. Conclusion: This study underlines that diseases such as malaria, viral hepatitis and enteric fever occur in Singapore mainly because of importation. The main origin of importation was South and Southeast Asia. The proportion of imported diseases in relation to overall passenger traffic has decreased over the past 10 years. Key words: Chikungunya, Cholera, Hepatitis A and E, Imported diseases, Malaria, Paratyphoid, SARS, Singapore, Typhoid fever

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Rollet, Vincent. "Health interregionalism in combating communicable diseases." Regions and Cohesion 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2019.090109.

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This last decade, regional organizations progressively became unavoidable actors of regional health governance and have been supported by some global health actors to strengthen such a role. Among these actors, the European Union (EU) is the only regional organization that implements health initiatives in cooperation with its regional counterparts. This article focuses on such “health interregionalism” toward Southeast Asia and Africa and in the field of communicable diseases, with the main objective of assessing its nature and identifying its main functions. It concludes that although appreciated and needed, the EU’s health interregionalism should better reflect the EU’s experience in regional health governance in order to represent a unique instrument of development aid and an added value for regional organizations

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Narain, Jai. "Communicable diseases in south-east Asia: call for papers." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.057711.

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Ernita, M., and A. Wibowo. "Tackling Non-communicable Diseases in Asia Countries Systematic Review." KnE Life Sciences 4, no. 10 (February 28, 2019): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i10.3739.

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Bishwajit, Ghose. "Nutrition transition in South Asia: the emergence of non-communicable chronic diseases." F1000Research 4 (January 12, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5732.1.

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Overview: South Asian countries have experienced a remarkable economic growth during last two decades along with subsequent transformation in social, economic and food systems. Rising disposable income levels continue to drive the nutrition transition characterized by a shift from a traditional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets towards diets with a lower carbohydrate and higher proportion of saturated fat, sugar and salt. Steered by various transitions in demographic, economic and nutritional terms, South Asian population are experiencing a rapidly changing disease profile. While the healthcare systems have long been striving to disentangle from the vicious cycle of poverty and undernutrition, South Asian countries are now confronted with an emerging epidemic of obesity and a constellation of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This dual burden is bringing about a serious health and economic conundrum and is generating enormous pressure on the already overstretched healthcare system of South Asian countries.Objectives: The Nutrition transition has been a very popular topic in the field of human nutrition during last few decades and many countries and broad geographic regions have been studied. However there is no review on this topic in the context of South Asia as yet. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the factors accounting for the onset of nutrition transition and its subsequent impact on epidemiological transition in five major South Asian countries including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Special emphasis was given on India and Bangladesh as they together account for 94% of the regional population and about half world’s malnourished population.Methods: This study is literature based. Main data sources were published research articles obtained through an electronic medical databases search.

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Bishwajit, Ghose. "Nutrition transition in South Asia: the emergence of non-communicable chronic diseases." F1000Research 4 (November 24, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5732.2.

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Overview: South Asian countries have experienced a remarkable economic growth during last two decades along with subsequent transformation in social, economic and food systems. Rising disposable income levels continue to drive the nutrition transition characterized by a shift from a traditional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets towards diets with a lower carbohydrate and higher proportion of saturated fat, sugar and salt. Steered by various transitions in demographic, economic and nutritional terms, South Asian population are experiencing a rapidly changing disease profile. While the healthcare systems have long been striving to disentangle from the vicious cycle of poverty and undernutrition, South Asian countries are now confronted with an emerging epidemic of obesity and a constellation of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This dual burden is bringing about a serious health and economic conundrum and is generating enormous pressure on the already overstretched healthcare system of South Asian countries.Objectives: The Nutrition transition has been a very popular topic in the field of human nutrition during last few decades and many countries and broad geographic regions have been studied. However there is no review on this topic in the context of South Asia as yet. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the factors accounting for the onset of nutrition transition and its subsequent impact on epidemiological transition in five major South Asian countries including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Special emphasis was given on India and Bangladesh as they together account for 94% of the regional population and about half world’s malnourished population.Methods: This study is literature based. Main data sources were published research articles obtained through an electronic medical databases search.

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Ghaffar, Abdul, K. Srinath Reddy, and Monica Singhi. "Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia: Authors' reply." BMJ 328, no. 7454 (June 17, 2004): 1499.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1499-b.

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Shah, Shahid, Ghulam Abbas, Nabeel Riaz, Anees ur Rehman, Muhammad Hanif, and Muhammad Fawad Rasool. "Burden of communicable diseases and cost of illness: Asia pacific region." Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 20, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2020.1782196.

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Pang, Bo, Sameer A. Deshpande, Tuyet-Mai Nguyen, Jeawon Kim, Yara A. Almosa, Amna Arif, Denni Arli, et al. "A Critical Overview of Social Marketing in Asia." Social Marketing Quarterly 27, no. 4 (November 14, 2021): 302–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15245004211053847.

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Background Social marketing has been used in Asia to combat various social issues (Deshpande & Lee (2013). However, our understanding of social marketing awareness, adaptation, and achievement in Asian countries is limited. The focus of the Article An historical overview of social marketing developments in Asia. Importance to the Social Marketing Field This paper is one of the first attempts to integrate social marketing theory and practice in Asia to understand its strengths and weaknesses and to provide a recommendation to enhance the adoption and effectiveness of social marketing program design, implementation, and evaluation to generate social and behavioral change. Design/methodology/approach The authors representing 18 Asian countries searched for social marketing growth and trends in prominence, conceptual developments, social issues and solutions, and effectiveness in English and local language literature. This paper describes themes by highlighting examples of initiatives. Findings Our analysis reveals a broad spectrum of social marketing practices in Asia, focusing traditionally on managing overpopulation and preventing communicable diseases and, more recently, non-communicable diseases and climate action. The practice also revealed close integration with policies, overreliance on the government sector, lack of robust research studies, theorizing, documentation, training, and community involvement, and challenges presented by cultural factors and the confusion of understanding the term. Recommendations for research or practice The study recommends establishing the Asian Social Marketing Association and Asian Social Marketing Institute, adopt a Total Market Approach, improve documentation, clarify the boundaries of social marketing, enhance the effectiveness of strategies by embracing research, involving the beneficiary communities, and by learning from others.

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Dhawan, Deepika, and Sheel Sharma. "Abdominal Obesity A Stepping Stone to Non Communicable Diseases in South Asia." Defence Life Science Journal 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.6.16926.

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This article provides an overview of the relationship between abdominal obesity (AO) and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in South Asia. A literature review has been conducted using key words: Abdominal obesity, Non-Communicable Diseases, Adipokines and South Asia, searching Scopus, Pubmed, Google scholar and Medline databases. South Asians suffer from abdominal obesity that results in systematic inflammation giving rise to excess production of harmful adipokines that eventually leads to the occurrence of NCDs. The incidence of NCDs related mortality ranges between 44 per cent - 84 per cent. Impaired developments during pregnancy may also have a linkage with AO and NCDs. Adipokines and fat derivatives produced in abundance by the abdominal fat tissues have a crucial implication in the progression of NCDs. South Asians have unhealthy metabolic profile leading to several forms of NCDs. Further research needs to be done in the population groups suffering from abdominal obesity to derive interventional strategies to prevent as well as manage NCDs in clinical settings.

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Narain, Jai P., and R. Bhatia. "The challenge of communicable diseases in the WHO South-East Asia Region." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.09.065169.

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Russolillo, Maria. "Tackling non-communicable diseases by a forecasting model for critical illness cover." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2016): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2).2016.01.

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Non-communicable diseases are the most frequent causes of death in most countries in the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific. In the African Region, there are still more deaths from infectious diseases than NCDs. WHO projections show that NCDs will be responsible for a significantly increased total number of deaths in the next decade (WHO, 2014). In this context, the market of illness insurance is strongly being developed, allowing policyholders to reduce the financial impact of diseases. Indeed, critical illness insurance typically provides a payment of a lump sum in the event of the person insured suffering a condition covered under the policy. In other words, the insured receives a fixed sum on the diagnosis of a specified list of critical illnesses. The contract terms may also be structured to pay out regular income cash-flows on the policyholder. In general, since the policy face amount has to be paid on diagnosis, the incidence rates or diagnosis rates have to be accurately estimated. The research is here developed around the following focal and original points: • the estimation of the diagnosis rates by means of an analysis by cause of death for obtaining cause-specific diagnosis rates: in particular, the author modelі the probability of death by cause as a proxy of the estimate of the diagnosis rates; • the cause-specific death rates are modelled by a stratified stochastic model for avoiding the durable problem in literature of the dependence among different causes of death; • a fair valuation framework is adopted for pricing a specific product of critical illness insurance. The analysis is completed by empirical findings

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Dans, Antonio, Nawi Ng, Cherian Varghese, E. Shyong Tai, Rebecca Firestone, and Ruth Bonita. "The rise of chronic non-communicable diseases in southeast Asia: time for action." Lancet 377, no. 9766 (February 2011): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61506-1.

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Fritz, Manuela, and Hanna Fromell. "How to dampen the surge of non-communicable diseases in Southeast Asia: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis." Health Policy and Planning 37, no. 1 (November 18, 2021): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab138.

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Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases, have overtaken infectious diseases as the number one cause of death worldwide. The rise of these diseases is especially grave in Southeast Asia, where existing research however falls short on offering guidance on how policy can best prevent and control NCDs in the region. Additionally, low- and middle-income countries in Southeast Asia cannot directly incorporate lessons drawn from interventions in richer countries, since health system capacities and human and financial resources are thoroughly different. Preventive interventions, thus, need to correspond to local capacities and require contextual solutions. In this article, we provide a systematic review of a wide scope of NCD interventions conducted in Southeast Asia to inform about existing intervention designs and to derive sound evidence of their effectiveness. Our literature search results in 51 studies from five Southeast Asian countries from which we can extract 204 estimates. We sort the studies into six intervention categories and analyse them with respect to 23 different health and behavioural outcomes. While we find positive and significant average effects across all six types of interventions, we also document evidence of substantial publication bias. Using a meta-regression approach in which we correct for the publication bias, we instead fail to confirm positive average effects for some interventions. Especially dietary and physical activity interventions fail to achieve improvements in analysed health outcomes, while programs focusing on smoking cessation, on the take-up of preventive screening activities or educating patients on how to cope with NCDs achieve sizeable effects. We also present evidence that the size of the effect differs with the participants’ characteristics as well as with design features of the intervention. For local policymakers, the results provide important knowledge on how to address the increasing NCD burden in the coming years.

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Inui, Taichi, Bryan Hanley, E. Siong Tee, Jun Nishihira, Kraisid Tontisirin, Peter Van Dael, and Manfred Eggersdorfer. "The Role of Micronutrients in Ageing Asia: What Can Be Implemented with the Existing Insights." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072222.

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Life expectancy as a measure of population health does not reflect years of healthy life. The average life expectancy in the Asia-Pacific region has more than doubled since 1900 and is now above 70 years. In the Asia-Pacific region, the proportion of aged people in the population is expected to double between 2017 and 2050. Increased life expectancy leads to an increase in non-communicable diseases, which consequently affects quality of life. Suboptimal nutritional status is a contributing factor to the prevalence and severity of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular, cognitive, musculoskeletal, immune, metabolic and ophthalmological functions. We have reviewed the published literature on nutrition and healthy ageing as it applies to the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on vitamins, minerals/trace elements and omega-3 fatty acids. Optimal nutritional status needs to start before a senior age is reached and before the consequences of the disease process are irreversible. Based on the nutritional status and health issues in the senior age in the region, micronutrients of particular importance are vitamins A, D, E, C, B-12, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids. The present paper substantiates the creation of micronutrient guidelines and proposes actions to support the achievement of optimal nutritional status as contribution to healthy ageing for Asia-Pacific populations.

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Roure, Collette, Asheena Khalakdina, Kumnuan Ungchusak, Media Yulizar, P. Ravindran, John Watson, and Augusto Pinto. "Panel 2.2: Surveillance, Early Warning Alert, and Response: Communicable and Vector-Borne Diseases." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 6 (December 2005): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002971.

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AbstractThis is a summary of the presentations and discussion of Surveillance, Early Warning Alert and Response at the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO)in Phuket, Thailand, 04–06 May 2005. The topics discussed included issues related to the surveillance, early warning alert, and response to communicable and vector-borne diseases as pertaining to the responses to the damage created bythe Tsunami. It is presented in the following major sections: (1) key questions; (2) needs assessment; (3) coordination(4) gap filling; and (5) capacity building. The key questions section is presented in six sub-sections: (1) communicable diseases; (2) early warning; (3) laboratory capacity and referral networking; (4) coordination of disease surveillance, early warning, and response; (5) health infrastructure rebuilding; and (6) using existing national surveillance plans toenhance disease surveillance and early warning systems.

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Thakur, JS, JP Narain, Renu Garg, and Nata Menabde. "Tobacco use: A major risk factor for non communicable diseases in South-East Asia region." Indian Journal of Public Health 55, no. 3 (2011): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-557x.89943.

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Muhammad, Faisal, Moniruddin Chowdhury, Mohd Arifuzzaman, and ABM Alauddin Chowdhury. "Public Health Problems in Bangladesh: Issues and challenges." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 6, no. 2 (April 22, 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v6i2.31830.

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In South-East Asia the main public health issues are infectious diseases and communicable diseases. Public health has improved markedly in Bangladesh over the past three decades. Nevertheless, Bangladesh faces major health challenges. A scoping study was performed according to York methodology. The study was aimed to find out the major public health issues and challenges in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has one of the worst burdens of childhood malnutrition in the world. Communicable diseases are a major cause of death and disability in Bangladesh. Unsafe food remains a major threat to public health each year, citizens suffer from the acute effects of food contaminated by microbial pathogens, chemical substances and toxins. Bangladesh still ranks among the top ten countries in the world with the highest TB burden. Pneumonia and other infections are major causes of death among young children. In Bangladesh only 1% of the population is reported to be HIV-positive, but rates are much higher among high-risk populations: injecting drug users, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. The toll of non-communicable diseases chronic diseases, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases is increasing in Bangladesh as the population becomes more urbanized. The converging pressures of global climate change and urbanization have a devastating effect on Bangladeshs most vulnerable populations. The disease burden Bangladesh is further exacerbated by unsanitary living conditions that underscore the poor economic conditions of both urban and rural home dwellers. There are still several issues that Bangladesh health care system is yet to tackle, governance, accessibility, and affordability are key issues that are preventing the implementation of solutions to the public health issues in Bangladesh.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(2) 2016: 11-16

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Rao, Chalapati, and Matthew Kelly. "Empiricism in non-communicable disease mortality measurement for the Asia-Pacific: lost in translation." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 11 (November 2020): e003626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003626.

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Control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a key target for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030. Available information indicates that countries in the Asia-Pacific Region accounted for 63% of the global NCD mortality burden in 2016. The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for the Asia Pacific (UNESCAP) Regional SDG progress report for 2020 included estimates of trends in NCD mortality rates from 2000 to 2016, which showed considerable variation in national NCD mortality by sex and location.However, while the UNESCAP report states that there was sufficient primary data to derive these NCD mortality estimates for all countries, the critical gaps in availability of national data on causes of death in the Asia-Pacific region are well known. A closer review identified that the UNESCAP obtained these estimates from the United Nations Statistics Division, which in turn obtained the same estimates from WHO. Further analysis revealed that these organisations used varying and often inconsistent terms to describe estimation methodology as well as primary data availability for different countries, with substantial potential for misinterpretation.The analysis also found that for countries without primary data, WHO reported NCD mortality estimates were based on complex epidemiological models developed for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, and this contradicts the UNESCAP rating of primary data sufficiency. The GBD Study also derives modelled cause of death estimates for countries with national data, but these were different from WHO estimates for these countries. This article discusses prevailing international practices in using modelled estimates as a substitute for empirical data, and the implications of these practices for health policy. In conclusion, a strategic approach to strengthen national mortality statistics programmes in data deficient countries is presented, to improve NCD mortality measurement in the Asia-Pacific Region.

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Baker, Phillip, Adrian Kay, and Helen Walls. "Strengthening Trade and Health Governance Capacities to Address Non-Communicable Diseases in Asia: Challenges and Ways Forward." Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 2, no. 2 (May 2015): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app5.91.

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Bassa, Burc, Fatma Güntürkün, Eva Maria Craemer, Uta Meyding-Lamadé, Christian Jacobi, Alp Bassa, and Heiko Becher. "Diabetes, Hypertension, Atrial Fibrillation and Subsequent Stroke-Shift towards Young Ages in Brunei Darussalam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 8455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148455.

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Southeast Asia harbors a young population of more than 600 million people. Socioeconomic transition within the last decades, driven by globalization and rapid economic growth, has led to significant changes in lifestyle and nutrition in many countries of this region. Hence, an increase in the number of non-communicable diseases is seen in most populations of Southeast Asia. Brunei Darussalam is the smallest country in this region, with a population of around 400,000 inhabitants. Vast hydrocarbon resources have transformed Brunei into a wealthy industrialized country within the last few decades. We compared the age distribution and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in ischemic stroke patients between the only stroke unit in Brunei Darussalam and a tertiary stroke center from Frankfurt/Germany. Between 2011 and 2016, a total number of 3877 ischemic stroke patients were treated in both institutions. Even after adjusting for age due to different population demographics, stroke patients in Brunei were younger compared to their German counterparts. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in young age groups in Brunei, whereas no difference was observed for older patients. The rapid socioeconomic transition might be a significant risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases, including stroke.

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Gupta, Indrani, and Pradeep Guin. "Communicable diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization: towards a more effective response." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.09.065540.

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Ether, Saraban, and K. M. Saif-Ur-Rahman. "A systematic rapid review on quality of care among non-communicable diseases (NCDs) service delivery in South Asia." Public Health in Practice 2 (November 2021): 100180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100180.

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Balwan, Wahied Khawar, and Neelam Saba. "Alzheimer’s Disease: A Neurodegenerative Menace of Elderly." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 9, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2021.v09i05.001.

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Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common cause of Dementia. This is an incurable, neurodegenerative and terminal disease. Despite mortality due to communicable diseases, poverty, and human conflicts, dementia incidence is destined to increase in the developing world in tandem with the ageing population. Current data from developing countries suggest that age adjusted dementia prevalence estimates in 65 year old are high (>or=5%) in certain Asian and Latin American countries, but consistently low (1-3%) in India and sub-Saharan Africa; Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60% whereas vascular dementia accounts for approximately 30% of the prevalence. Early-onset familial forms of dementia with single-gene defects occur in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Illiteracy remains a risk factor for dementia. This review discusses the etiology, pathology, diagnosis & treatment and scenario in India.

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Ahmad, Naseer, and Raj Bhopal. "Burden of non-communicable diseases in South Asia: Evidence for epidemic of coronary heart disease in India is weak." BMJ 328, no. 7454 (June 17, 2004): 1499.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1499-a.

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Rijal, Anupa, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Jahangir A. M. Khan, and Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff. "The economic impact of non-communicable diseases among households in South Asia and their coping strategy: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 13, no. 11 (November 21, 2018): e0205745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205745.

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Maslennikova, G. Ya, R. G. Oganov, S. A. Boytsov, S. V. Akselrod, I. A. Toskin, and R. A. Khalfin. "Non-communicable diseases in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation member economies: Opportunities for achieving the sustainable development goals by 2030." Profilakticheskaya meditsina 19, no. 5 (2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/profmed20161954-9.

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Rijal, Anupa, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Jahangir A. M. Khan, and Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff. "Correction: The economic impact of non-communicable diseases among households in South Asia and their coping strategy: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 14, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): e0211588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211588.

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Wulan, Siti N., Qaisar Raza, Hera S. Prasmita, Erryana Martati, Jaya M. Maligan, Uma Mageshwari, Itrat Fatima, and Guy Plasqui. "Energy Metabolism in Relation to Diet and Physical Activity: A South Asian Perspective." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113776.

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The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise around the world, not only in the West, but also in Asian countries. South Asian countries in particular are experiencing a rapid increase in overweight and obesity, that coexists with the rapid increase in non-communicable diseases linked to obesity such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease than any other country in Asia. The phenomena observed in South Asian countries are due to the size of the population, the ageing of the population, the high degree of urbanization and the lifestyle changes in favor of increased energy consumption and reduced physical activity. The imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure results in the development of a positive energy balance that, over time, accumulates in higher body fat. South Asians were reported to have a more unfavorable body composition with a higher percentage of body fat than Caucasians with an equivalent BMI. Body composition is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. It has been reported that South Asians have a lower resting energy expenditure than Caucasians with the same BMI. Resting energy expenditure accounts for the majority of total daily energy expenditure and, therefore, plays a crucial role in achieving the balance between energy intake and expenditure.

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Chisholm, D., R. Baltussen, D. B. Evans, G. Ginsberg, J. A. Lauer, S. Lim, M. Ortegon, J. Salomon, A. Stanciole, and T. T. T. Edejer. "What are the priorities for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases and injuries in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia?" BMJ 344, mar02 1 (March 2, 2012): e586-e586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e586.

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Akaza, Hideyuki, Norie Kawahara, Tohru Masui, Kunihiko Takeyama, Masafumi Nogimori, and Jae Kyung Roh. "Union for International Cancer Control International Session: Healthcare Economics: The significance of the UN summit non-communicable diseases political declaration in Asia." Cancer Science 104, no. 6 (May 23, 2013): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.12142.

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Muhammad, Faisal, Jamil Hassan Abdulkareem, and ABM Alauddin Chowdhury. "Major Public Health Problems in Nigeria: A review." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v7i1.34672.

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The inadequate programs designed to address the numerous health problems in Nigeria have led to the little improvement in our health status. Besides the continued neglect of the importance of addressing public health issues would make matters worse for poor Nigerians most of who are at the receiving end. This study adopted a qualitative approach, so as to adequately describe the study aims and objectives. The data for this study were collected through scientific database sources, web search engines, direct observation and relevant documents from the Nigerian Ministry of Health. The major public health challenges Nigeria faces are infectious diseases, control of vector some diseases, maternal mortality, infant mortality, poor sanitation and hygiene, disease surveillance, non-communicable diseases and road traffic injuries etcetera. Nigeria is currently working towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Despite the collaborative efforts of both Nigerian Government, Donor Agencies and NGOs to provide an efficient and effective health care delivery in Nigeria.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 6-11

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Efremov, Dimitar, and Momir Polenakovic. "ICGEB Workshop on Next Generation Diagnostics, 22/03/2018-24/03/2018, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia." PRILOZI 39, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2018): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2018-0053.

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Abstract More than 200 participants from Europe, Asia, Africa and South America attended the two days ICGEB Workshop on Next Generation Diagnostics, 22/03/2018-24/03/2018, at the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MASA) in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. The meeting provided an overview of the current and future use of next generation sequencing (NGS), proteomics and other high-throughput technologies in the diagnostic setup of malignant, inherited and communicable diseases. In addition, considerable emphasis was placed on the potential use of these techniques for disease prognostication, patient stratification and monitoring responses to therapy. Specific topics included NGS-based diagnostics of solid tumors, hematological malignancies, inherited and infectious diseases, proteomic-based approaches for biomarker discovery, predictive biomarkers for personalized treatment strategies, and bioinformatic analysis of NGS data. The meeting also provided a unique platform for fruitful discussions between internationally recognized experts and young researchers from developing countries, providing new perspectives and ideas on broader implementation of these techniques for personalized management and care.

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Mohamad, Emma, Mohd Rezal Hamzah, Sabariah Mohamed Salleh, and Abdul Latiff Ahmad. "Diabetes knowledge in health communication research." Media and communication as antecedents to the transformation agenda in Malaysia 25, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.25.2.03moh.

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This paper reviews systematically measurements used in past studies on diabetes and explore how these measurements can be improved for future studies conducted in Malaysia. Diabetes is chosen in reflection of the seriousness of this disease in Asian region and acknowledging how knowledge can serve as an important tool in health self management. 11 out of 561 articles were identified for analytical purposes in tandem with the observed theme; measurement of knowledge for diabetic patients. Out of these 11 studies, eight studies were conducted in Asia. Further exploration on the items used to measure knowledge uncover critical need to include dimension of cultural knowledge on diabetes among patients, as opposed to focussing only on scientific health knowledge items. Measuring cultural knowledge of diabetes helps researchers understand holistically about patients’ interpretation of their illness and how patients assess risks in relation to their health choices. When dealing with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, knowledge serves as a vital tool to empower patients, increase self efficacy and instill self confidence for them to make the right health decisions. However, in facing the 21st century, the challenge is not just to measure how much medical information people have, but also being able to measure cultural knowledge and how to use this knowledge to reach out effectively to patients through health promotion. By measuring people’s cultural knowledge on diabetes accurately, researchers can learn how to improve treatment and increase health literacy in general throughout Asia.

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Popova, Elena K., Sargylana M. Ivanova, Nadezhda V. Savvina, Natalya S. Arkhipova, Ivan O. Popov, Zhanna V. Ascarova, Yani W. Sinambel, Nadezhda V. Avvakumova, and Lyudmila G. Chibyeva. "Assessment of the prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among employees of the North-Eastern Federal University." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-1-60-65.

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Introduction. According to WHO experts, chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) is the leading worldwide medical and social problem. In recent decades, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population showed changes in nutrition habits, physical activity reduction. It increased the spread of modified chronic NCD’s risk factors. Material and methods. The authors performed a one-stage study of modified risk factors and frequency analysis of chronic NCD in the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) employees who had medical check-ups in 2017 (n = 800): men (n = 260), women (n = 540). The attendees’ age varied from 30 to 54 years. Abdominal obesity (AO) was diagnosed by two criteria: men’s waist ≥ 90 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for Asia residents (IDF1); men’s waist ≥ 94 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for European residents (IDF2) (IDF, 2006). Results. This analysis of the study group of NEFU employees showed the median level of SYS and DYS, glucose in serum, and the waist index in both groups, regardless of gender, to be within reference values. The most frequent risk factors of chronic NCD were hypercholesterolemia and abdominal obesity (p = 0.000). A spread of hypercholesterolemia was 16.8%, in men (23.5%) more frequently than in women (13. Every fourth woman and every third man had AO according to IDF criteria compared to attendees without AO (p = 0.000). Conclusion. A significant positive correlation between AO and age, SYS, DYS, cholesterol and glucose in serum was identified.

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Meher, Sabita, and Ravi Nimonkar. "Study of hygiene practices among school going children in a government school in Kolkata." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 7 (June 22, 2018): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182655.

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Background: A majority of morbidity and mortality in developing countries is attributed to communicable diseases. 31% of all deaths in Southeast Asia, are caused by infectious disease. Poor health among school children is results from lack of awareness of the health benefits of personal hygiene.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted among 440 school children in Government school in Kolkata (WB) over a period of 6 months.Results: We tried to assess the hygiene practices among the school children. Majority of children responded that there were sources of clean water at their houses (94%) and school (84%).Conclusions: The percentage of hygiene practices among school children was found to be satisfactory, however when asked to demonstrate correct hand washing procedure, 86.1% demonstrated the same in an incorrect manner.

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Mahipala, Palitha, Gampo Dorji, Klara Tisocki, and Manju Rani. "A critical review of addressing cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases through a primary health care approach in the South-East Asia Region." Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy 9, no. 2 (April 2019): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2018.09.03.

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Tu’akoi, Siobhan, Mark H. Vickers, and Jacquie L. Bay. "DOHaD in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review exploring gaps in DOHaD population studies." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 11, no. 6 (April 21, 2020): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174420000276.

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AbstractLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs), accounting for more than 80% of NCD-related deaths globally. Research into early-life influences on these diseases via the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm has informed health promotion interventions and policies focused on optimising early-life health. However, little is known about where this research occurs and whether it reaches and reflects the countries most affected by NCDs. This review searched for DOHaD studies that investigated relationships between factors during pregnancy and at birth, with later-life NCD incidence, risk and related mortality. The aim of this review was to identify where DOHaD research has been conducted and whether this focus is appropriate and relevant, given the differential burden of NCDs. Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus were searched, and eligibility screening processes identified 136 final articles. This review found that 49.7% of DOHaD research was conducted on populations within Western Europe, 15.9% in East Asia, 12.7% in North America, 8.3% in Latin America and the Caribbean, and fewer in Australasia, South Asia, the Middle East, the Africas, and Central Asia. When categorised by income, this review found that 76.4% of studies were based in high-income countries, 19.1% in upper-middle-income and 4.5% in lower-middle-income countries. No studies were based in low-income countries. There is therefore a marked disconnect between where DOHaD research is undertaken and where the greatest NCD disease burden exists. Increasing DOHaD research capacity in LMICs is crucial to informing local strategies that can contribute to reducing the incidence of NCDs.

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Rajan, Selina, Walter Ricciardi, and Martin McKee. "The SDGs and health systems: the last step on the long and unfinished journey to universal health care?" European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2020): i28—i31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa035.

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Abstract In 2015, the world’s governments committed, in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to achieve universal health coverage by 2030, something they will be held accountable for. We examine progress in the WHO European Region using data from several sources. We assess effective coverage using data from the Global Burden of Disease Programme, including access to 9 key interventions for maternal and child health and communicable and non-communicable diseases and mortality from 32 conditions amenable to health care. Progress is mixed; while Finland and Iceland have already achieved the 2030 target already, other countries, including in the Caucasus and Central Asia have not yet, and are unlikely to by 2030. We then examine financial protection, where progress lags in Central and South East Europe and the former Soviet Union, where high out-of-pocket healthcare payments and catastrophic spending are still common. We stress the need to consider inequalities within countries, with the most vulnerable groups, such as Roma or newly arrived migrants (from the Middle East and Africa) often underserved, while their needs are frequently undocumented. To make progress on the SDGs, governments must invest more heavily in health services research and support the infrastructure and capacity required to enable it.

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Chingale, Ashwini, and S. M. Katti. "Prevalence of obesity among elderly residing in an urban area of Belgaum." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4417. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194504.

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Background: The elderly population is the fastest growing age group in the world. This demographic transition has important changes in quality of life in this population, given that longevity may be accompanied by non- communicable diseases, functional reduction, increased dependence, and social isolation, which can bring weight gain in the elderly. Among the elderly there is a loss of the lean body mass and increased body-fat percentage. It is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and mortality. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of obesity among urban elderly using different measurement methods.Methods: It was cross-sectional study conducted between 1st January to 31st December 2013 in 700 individuals aged 60 years and above. The study participants, permanent residents of Ashok Nagar Urban field practice area, were selected using a simple random technique. Obesity was assessed by using WHO Asia-Pacific Guidelines for body mass index (BMI) and WHO waist circumference (WC) guidelines. Data was analyzed by using percentages and kappa statistics.Results: Prevalence of obesity according to BMI criteria was 38.1% and 43.0% among men and women respectively. Measurement of WC showed that 17.4% of men and 46.8% of women suffered from central obesity. There was slight agreement between obesity criteria and central obesity. Conclusions: The study highlights the problem of obesity in urban elderly. The prevalence of obesity in elderly was slightly higher, with predominance in women. An ageing population together with social, economic and lifestyle changes have led to dramatic increase in obesity.

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Lei, Xiaobo, Sheng Cui, Zhendong Zhao, and Jianwei Wang. "Etiology, pathogenesis, antivirals and vaccines of hand, foot, and mouth disease." National Science Review 2, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv038.

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Abstract Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), caused by enteroviruses, is a syndrome characterized by fever with vesicular eruptions mainly on the skin of the hands, feet, and oral cavity. HFMD primarily affects infants and young children. Although infection is usually self-limited, severe neurological complications in the central nervous system can present in some cases, which can lead to death. Widespread infection of HFMD across the Asia-Pacific region over the past two decades has made HFMD a major public health challenge, ranking first among the category C notifiable communicable diseases in China every year since 2008. This review summarizes our understanding of HFMD, focusing on the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as on progress toward antivirals and vaccines. The review also discusses the implications of these studies as they relate to the control and prevention of the disease.

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Cummings, Joanna, and Diane Stadler,. "Building Clinical Nutrition Capacity in Lao PDR: A Novel Clinical Nutrition Educational Model to Provide Interventions to Treat Malnutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa048_003.

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Abstract Objectives Malnutrition is the number one health priority in Lao PDR where 36% of children under the age of five are stunted and 27% are underweight. Compounded by escalating rates of diabetes and non-communicable diseases, hospital-based nutrition interventions are needed. A partnership between OHSU and the Lao Ministry of Health is working to fill the gap in knowledge and application by providing clinical nutrition education to health care providers. Methods A clinical nutrition needs assessment was conducted in early 2016 and informed the design of a 1000-hour, evidenced-based applied clinical dietetics certificate program for health professionals. Aligning with the 2015 International Dietitian Education Program (IDE) standards, the curriculum was adapted to be culturally relevant and appropriate. Semi-structured interviews, open-ended questions, and pre-and post-tests were used to evaluate the program. Results As of January 2020, 32 clinicians have successfully completed the program. At matriculation, the mean pre-test score was 43% and 50% of students could not calculate BMI or waist-to-hip ratio, determine individual energy, nutrient and fluid requirements, provide individualized medical nutrition therapy, or manage severe acute malnutrition. The mean final exam score was 84% with greatest improvements in malnutrition (+94%) and chronic disease (+62%) knowledge and application. Upon completion, 98% of students successfully met IDE competency standards, conducted nutrition-focused physical exams, administered culturally appropriate nutrition interventions, and provided nutrition education to medical teams at provincial hospitals. Conclusions Providing hands-on training on nutrition assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment plan design and implementation enables health care providers in Lao PDR to better treat patients with malnutrition and non-communicable diseases that are prevalent within this developing country. This educational curriculum may serve as a model for other developing countries. Funding Sources OHSU Global-SE Asia, OHSU Graduate Programs of Human Nutrition and the Vejdusit Foundation

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Harding, Kassandra L., Victor M. Aguayo, and Patrick Webb. "Trends and Correlates of Overweight among Pre-School Age Children, Adolescent Girls, and Adult Women in South Asia: An Analysis of Data from Twelve National Surveys in Six Countries over Twenty Years." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081899.

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Overweight has become a global pandemic and is associated with a rise in diet-related non-communicable diseases and associated co-morbidities. Most of the world’s undernourished people live in South Asia, yet the number of overweight and obese individuals in this region is growing. This study explores trends and correlates of overweight among pre-school age children, adolescent girls, and adult women in South Asia. Using pooled data from 12 national surveys in six countries, generalized linear mixed models were run to analyze relationships. Overweight children had significantly higher odds than non-overweight children of having an overweight mother (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 1.34, p < 0.01). Overweight adolescent girls were more likely to come from a wealthier household (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR): 2.46, p < 0.01) in an urban area (1.74, p < 0.01), and have formal education (1.22, p < 0.01), compared to non-overweight girls. Similar relationships were seen among overweight vs. non-overweight adult women. In Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, overweight among girls and women increased over time, while differentials associated with household wealth, urban residence, and formal education attenuated over time. Overweight and obesity are becoming more prevalent across South Asia in a context of persisting undernutrition. Once a condition of the wealthier, more educated and urban, rates of overweight are increasing among poorer, less educated, and rural women. This requires immediate attention to ‘multi-use’ policies and programmes.

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Sidle, Roy C. "Dark Clouds over the Silk Road: Challenges Facing Mountain Environments in Central Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 9467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229467.

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Central Asia is a vital link in the huge Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that follows much of the ancient Silk Road routes in this region. Other than the economic expansion and trade benefits associated with this complex infrastructure system, little is known about the many of the exogenous issues and direct environmental and socioeconomic impacts surrounding the BRI in Central Asia. This opinion paper takes a sharper look at some of these externalities and potential effects through a sustainability lens. Major environmental concerns focus on the proliferation of spur roads that will develop off upgraded or new Belt Roads to promote exploitation of natural resources. Steep, high-elevation landscapes in the Pamirs and Tien Shan pose problems for road location and construction, and the history of road building in less formidable terrain in Yunnan, China is unsustainable, leading to epic landslide and gully erosion, which degrade river systems. Furthermore, many socioeconomic issues may arise like debt dependencies of poor countries, spread of communicable diseases into remote communities, depletion of mineral resources, and implicit compliance with pro-China policies. While some of the poorer post-Soviet nations can reap short-term benefits from BRI plans, it is urged that they assess the long-term sustainability of BRI development and play an active role in determining the conditions for implementation.

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Khoa, Nguyen Duc, and Dang Thi Nhu Y. "Economic Motives and Problems of Health Tourism in Asia Pacific." Czech Journal of Tourism 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjot-2020-0002.

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Abstract Nowadays, health tourism has emerged as a multi-billion-dollar industry due to the fact that people have frequently traveled in order to improve their wellbeing. The internationalization of health tourism has also motivated production and consumption of healthcare services as well as increased variety of intermediaries and ancillary goods and services to support this sector. Although the significant benefits of health tourism, its actual contribution to economic growth and related issues have remained ambiguous. Therefore, this paper aims to: (i) Discuss the potential economic aspects of health tourism based on the published figures of major destinations in Asia Pacific with an international focus and (ii) Examine the economic risks related to health tourism that either directly or indirectly harm the process of economic growth. The results indicate that development of health tourism satisfies patients’ demand for high quality healthcare at competitive prices, boosts the value of foreign exchange inflow and expands job opportunities. Health tourism services have become the subject of international earnings which has elevated economic opportunities of potential destinations. Besides that, increasing international health tourist flows with high income could evaluate costs of healthcare services, brain drain of healthcare professionals, inequitable health care access. Additionally, increases in international traveling might produce a new economic burden of communicable diseases, environmental degradation; brokers and organ transplants associated with black-market in some destinations. Hence, sustainability and responsibility have been considered as key criteria in the health tourism industry in order to improve tourists’ health performance and maximize benefits for local communities. Such economic analysis also enables us to evaluate benefits and losses from health tourism development and track the balance of trade around this economic sector.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Communicable diseases Asia'

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