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Academic literature on the topic 'Communautés – Analyse informatique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Communautés – Analyse informatique"
MERSCH, Marjorie, Sarah-Anne DAVID, Anaïs VITORINO CARVALHO, Sylvain FOISSAC, Anne COLLIN, Frédérique PITEL, and Vincent COUSTHAM. "Apports du séquençage haut-débit sur la connaissance de l'épigénome aviaire." INRA Productions Animales 31, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2372.
Full textPlutniak, Sébastien. "Carrières d’algorithmes : la détection automatique de motifs dans des graphes (années 1950–1970). Contribution à l’histoire des premiers apports des sciences sociales à l’informatique." Analyse de réseaux pour les sciences sociales Concepts and methods in..., Translations (April 19, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arcs.10756.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Communautés – Analyse informatique"
Leprovost, Damien. "Découverte et analyse des communautés implicites par une approche sémantique en ligne : l'outil WebTribe." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866489.
Full textAmaïzo, Yves Ekoué. "Analyse des projets de développement et introduction de la micro-informatique : l'utilisation au sein des Communautés Européennes du P.A.P. (Progiciel d'Appréciation des Projets) pour un projet agricole à rentabilité directe." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO33012.
Full textFor too long, the practical conception of development projects -inherent in external financial institutions and their research companies- has often escaped all consideration on the real contribution which this project had to make to the residential community of develo- ping countries (dc). The sophistication of the theoretics has only served principally to justify some introverted anti-development choices. To distinguish productive projects from unproductive projects, financial (ex-ante evaluation) appraisal from economic appraisal, reference prices from market prices. . . And no matter what point of view we would like to underline in the course of this study, it is, in the long run, the fi- nancial balance of power which allows arbitration. Considering these numerous forces which, it will be appropriate to integrate into the relevant environment of the project, how can the appraisal of direct profitability projects take place within the manage- ment of the development of the european community ? what is underlying meaning of the notions of efficiency, viability, financial and economic profitability? if this makes a positive contribution to the improvement of preparation of projects, do we have to wait for a showing down of the rate of setback of projects in the thiro world countries?
Baudin, Alexis. "Cliques statiques et temporelles : algorithmes d'énumération et de détection de communautés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS609.
Full textGraphs are mathematical objects used to model interactions or connections between entities of various types. A graph can represent, for example, a social network that connects users to each other, a transport network like the metro where stations are connected to each other, or a brain with the billions of interacting neurons it contains. In recent years, the dynamic nature of these structures has been highlighted, as well as the importance of taking into account the temporal evolution of these networks to understand their functioning. While many concepts and algorithms have been developed on graphs to describe static network structures, much remains to be done to formalize and develop relevant algorithms to describe the dynamics of real networks. This thesis aims to better understand how massive graphs are structured in the real world, and to develop tools to extend our understanding to structures that evolve over time. It has been shown that these graphs have particular properties, which distinguish them from theoretical or randomly drawn graphs. Exploiting these properties then enables the design of algorithms to solve certain difficult problems much more quickly on these instances than in the general case. My PhD thesis focuses on cliques, which are groups of elements that are all connected to each other. We study the enumeration of cliques in static and temporal graphs and the detection of communities they enable. The communities of a graph are sets of vertices such that, within a community, the vertices interact strongly with each other, and little with the rest of the graph. Their study helps to understand the structural and functional properties of networks. We are evaluating our algorithms on massive real-world graphs, opening up new perspectives for understanding interactions within these networks. We first work on graphs, without taking into account the temporal component of interactions. We begin by using the clique percolation method of community detection, highlighting its limitations in memory, which prevent it from being applied to graphs that are too massive. By introducing an approximate problem-solving algorithm, we overcome this limitation. Next, we improve the enumeration of maximal cliques in the case of bipartite graphs. These correspond to interactions between groups of vertices of different types, e.g. links between people and viewed content, participation in events, etc. Next, we consider interactions that take place over time, using the link stream formalism. We seek to extend the algorithms presented in the first part, to exploit their advantages in the study of temporal interactions. We provide a new algorithm for enumerating maximal cliques in link streams, which is much more efficient than the state-of-the-art on massive datasets. Finally, we focus on communities in link streams by clique percolation, developing an extension of the method used on graphs. The results show a significant improvement over the state of the art, and we analyze the communities obtained to provide relevant information on the organization of temporal interactions in link streams. My PhD work has provided new insights into the study of massive real-world networks. This shows the importance of exploring the potential of graphs in a real-world context, and could contribute to the emergence of innovative solutions for the complex challenges of our modern society
Albano, Alice. "Dynamique des graphes de terrain : analyse en temps intrinsèque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066260.
Full textWe are surrounded by a multitude of interaction networks from different contexts. These networks can be modeled as graphs, called complex networks. They have a community structure, i.e. groups of nodes closely related to each other and less connected with the rest of the graph. An other phenomenon studied in complex networks in many contexts is diffusion. The spread of a disease is an example of diffusion. These phenomena are dynamic and depend on an important parameter, which is often little studied: the time scale in which they are observed. According to the chosen scale, the graph dynamics can vary significantly. In this thesis, we propose to study dynamic processes using a suitable time scale. We consider a notion of relative time which we call intrinsic time, opposed to "traditional" time, which we call extrinsic time. We first study diffusion phenomena using intrinsic time, and we compare our results with an extrinsic time scale. This allows us to highlight the fact that the same phenomenon observed at two different time scales can have a very different behavior. We then analyze the relevance of the use of intrinsic time scale for detecting dynamic communities. Comparing communities obtained according extrinsic and intrinsic scales shows that the intrinsic time scale allows a more significant detection than extrinsic time scale
Albano, Alice. "Dynamique des graphes de terrain : analyse en temps intrinsèque." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066260/document.
Full textWe are surrounded by a multitude of interaction networks from different contexts. These networks can be modeled as graphs, called complex networks. They have a community structure, i.e. groups of nodes closely related to each other and less connected with the rest of the graph. An other phenomenon studied in complex networks in many contexts is diffusion. The spread of a disease is an example of diffusion. These phenomena are dynamic and depend on an important parameter, which is often little studied: the time scale in which they are observed. According to the chosen scale, the graph dynamics can vary significantly. In this thesis, we propose to study dynamic processes using a suitable time scale. We consider a notion of relative time which we call intrinsic time, opposed to "traditional" time, which we call extrinsic time. We first study diffusion phenomena using intrinsic time, and we compare our results with an extrinsic time scale. This allows us to highlight the fact that the same phenomenon observed at two different time scales can have a very different behavior. We then analyze the relevance of the use of intrinsic time scale for detecting dynamic communities. Comparing communities obtained according extrinsic and intrinsic scales shows that the intrinsic time scale allows a more significant detection than extrinsic time scale
Combe, David. "Détection de communautés dans les réseaux d'information utilisant liens et attributs." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056985.
Full textChouchani, Nadia. "Une approche de détection des communautés d'intérêt dans les réseaux sociaux : application à la génération d'IHM personnalisées." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0048/document.
Full textNowadays, Social Networks are ubiquitous in all aspects of life. A fundamental feature of these networks is the connection between users. These are gradually engaged to contribute by adding their own content. So Social Networks also integrate user creations ; which encourages researchers to revisit the methods of their analysis. This field has now led to a great deal of research in recent years. One of the main problems is the detection of communities. The research presented in this thesis is positioned in the themes of the semantic analysis of Social Networks and the generation of personalized interactive applications. This thesis proposes an approach for the detection of communities of interest in Social Networks. This approach models social data in the form of a social user profile represented by an ontology. It implements a method for the Sentiment Analysis based on the phenomena of social influence and homophily. The detected communities are exploited in the generation of personalized interactive applications. This generation is based on an approach of type MDA, independent of the application domain. In addition, this manuscript reports an evaluation of our proposals on data from Real Social Networks
Tchuente, Dieudonné. "Modélisation et dérivation de profils utilisateurs à partir de réseaux sociaux : approche à partir de communautés de réseaux k-égocentriques." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1972/.
Full textIn most systems that require user modeling to adapt information to each user's specific need, a user is usually represented by a user profile in the form of his interests. These interests are learnt and enriched over time from users interactions with the system. By the evolving nature of user's interests, the user's profile can never be considered fully known by a system. This partial knowledge of the user profile at any time t significantly reduces the performance of adaptive systems, when the user's profile contains no or only some information. This drawback is particularly most recurrent for new users in a system (time t = 0, also called cold start problem) and for less active users. To address this problem, several studies have explored data sources other than those produced by the user in the system: activities of users with similar behavior (e. G. Collaborative filtering techniques) or data generated by the user in other systems (e. G. , multi-application user's profiles, multiple identities management systems). By the recent advent of Social Web and the explosion of online social networks sites, social networks are more and more studied as an external data source that can be used to enrich users' profiles. This has led to the emergence of new social information filtering techniques (e. G. Social information retrieval, social recommender systems). Current studies on social information filtering show that this new research field is very promising. However, much remains to be done to complement and enhance these studies. We particularly address two drawbacks: (i) each existing social information filtering approach is specific in its field scope (and associated mechanisms), (ii) these approaches unilaterally use profiles of individuals around the user in the social network to improve traditional information filtering systems. To overcome these drawbacks in this thesis, we aim at defining a generic social model of users' profiles that can be reusable in many application domains and for several social information filtering mechanisms, and proposing optimal techniques for enriching user's profile from the user's social network. We rely on existing studies in social sciences to propose a communities (rather than individuals) based approach for using individuals around the user in a specific part of his social network, to derive his social profile (profile that contains user's interest derived from his social network). The significant part of the user's social network used in our studies is composed of individuals located at a maximum distance k (in the entire social network) from the user, and relationships between these individuals (k-egocentric network). Two evaluations of the proposed approach based on communities in k-egocentric networks have been conducted in the online social network Facebook and the co-authors network DBLP. They allow us to demonstrate the relevance of the proposal with respect to existing individual based approaches, and the impact of structural measures such as the centrality of communities (degree or proximity) or user's k-egocentric network density, on the quality of results. Our approach opens up many opportunities for future studies in social information filtering and many application domains as well as on the Web (e. G. Personalization of search engines, recommender systems in e-commerce, adaptive systems in e-Learning environment) or in Intranets business systems (e. G. Behavioral analysis in networks of subscribers telecom customers, detection of abnormal behavior network bank customers, etc. )
Debaere, Steven. "Proactive inferior member participation management in innovation communities." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A012.
Full textNowadays, companies increasingly recognize the benefits of innovation communities (ICs) to inject external consumer knowledge into innovation processes. Despite the advantages of ICs, guaranteeing the viability poses two important challenges. First, ICs are big data environments that can quickly overwhelm community managers as members communicate through posts, thereby creating substantial (volume), rapidly expanding (velocity), and unstructured data that might encompass combinations of linguistic, video, image, and audio cues (variety). Second, most online communities fail to generate successful outcomes as they are often unable to derive value from individual IC members owing to members’ inferior participation. This doctoral dissertation leverages customer relationship management strategies to tackle these challenges and adds value by introducing a proactive inferior member participation management framework for community managers to proactively reduce inferior member participation, while effectively dealing with the data-rich IC environment. It proves that inferior member participation can be identified proactively by analyzing community actors’ writing style. It shows that dependencies between members’ participation behaviour can be exploited to improve prediction performance. Using a field experiment, it demonstrates that a proactive targeted email campaign allows to effectively reduce inferior member participation
Corbière, Alain. "Analyses des apports du méta-standard, ODP-RM à la communauté EIAH, Instances sur un système de formation." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090751.
Full textNous avons proposé le cadre de référence du processus distribué ouvert de l'ISO (International Organization for Standardization) et de l'IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) comme le méta-standard à adresser aux concepteurs de la communauté EIAH. La vision globale d'un système est explicitée par des mécanismes de transformations de différents points de vue.
Un tel cadre a pour intérêt d'adresser un ensemble de termes à la communauté de concepteurs soucieux de partager les pratiques. Ce vocabulaire permet d'expliciter les invariants et les principes généraux, structuraux et fonctionnels d'un système de formation. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse vise à définir différentes instances d'un tel méta-standard et à illustrer ainsi les différents apports de ce modèle à la communauté des concepteurs des EIAH. La présentation du travail se structure autour de trois analyses instrumentées par le cadre ODP-RM (Object Distributed Processsing - Reference Model), trois réflexions sur la conception d'un EIAH portant sur l'utilisation des technologies éducatives normées, sur la réingénierie dans les EIAH et sur le processus de développement dirigé par les modèles. Les illustrations présentées dans le mémoire montrent le potentiel du cadre choisi à formaliser ces différents constats et à créer un ensemble d'instances décrivant de nouveaux éléments méthodologiques à adresser à la communauté de concepteurs d'un système de formation.
Books on the topic "Communautés – Analyse informatique"
Les liaisons numériques: Vers une nouvelle sociabilité? Paris: Éd. du Seuil, 2010.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Études informatiques ics4m cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Systèmes informatiques ice4e cours préemploi. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Systèmes informatiques ice4m cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Le Canada et le monde: une analyse géographique cgw4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Sciences de l'activité physique pse4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Technologie de l'information en affaires btx4e cours préemploi. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Mathématiques de la technologie au collège mct4c cours précollégial. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Sciences snc4m cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: English eae4e cours préemploi. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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