Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communauté urbaine de Yaoundé'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Communauté urbaine de Yaoundé.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Huet, Armel. "La raison urbaine : communauté et socialité." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100076.
Full textNguegang, Asaa Prosper. "L'agriculture urbaine et périurbaine à Youndé: analyse fonctionnelle d'une activité montante en économie de survie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210392.
Full textComme la plupart des villes africaines, Yaoundé, capitale du Cameroun, est confrontée aux phénomènes d’urbanisation croissante. Cette urbanisation rapide n’est pas accompagnée d’une croissance économique. En fait, le pouvoir d’achat extrêmement bas, le chômage, le sous-emploi, la pauvreté, voire la misère, ont amené une frange importante de la population à inventer de nouvelles solutions pour s’assurer un revenu. C’est alors qu’apparaît le phénomène d’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine. La caractérisation de cette agriculture a mis en évidence une interaction entre les catégories d’acteurs, les types d’espaces, les types de cultures, les produits obtenus et les revenus moyens générés. Il ressort de l’analyse des résultats que cette forme d’agriculture emploie près de 2000 personnes, pour la plupart des jeunes et, surtout, des femmes, dont la moyenne d’âge est de 35 ans. C’est une activité basée principalement dans les bas-fonds marécageux, le bas des pentes, les abords des routes avec une forte pression sur l’espace. Les cultures sont diversifiées et sont à dominance maraîchère, vivrière et floricole. Elles varient en fonction des trois espaces étudiés, à savoir l’auréole urbaine, la zone périurbaine et l’hinterland rural.
L’analyse du système de commercialisation a mis en évidence trois types de circuits à travers lesquels les produits transitent des producteurs aux consommateurs. Ce sont notamment les circuits longs, les circuits courts et les circuits directs. Dans ces circuits de commercialisation, la régulation du marché se réalise au niveau de tous les intervenants. Cela signifie que les prix des produits ne sont pas fixés d’avance, mais varient en fonction de la demande. En ce qui concerne la rentabilité, l’analyse sur les comptes d’exploitation des cultures de céleri, de ndolé et de morelle noire indique que cette agriculture est rentable avec un gain moyen journalier de près de trois euros pour les producteurs. C’est la raison pour laquelle certains maraîchers estiment qu’à la place d’un travail salarial de près de 75euros / mois, ils préfèrent rester dans leur jardin.
Cependant, aucun cadre juridique et réglementaire lié à l’exercice de cette activité n’est disponible. Aucun article de loi ne l’autorise. Nous avons noté également de nombreuses autres contraintes liées à l’organisation des producteurs, aux pratiques, à la structuration et la mise en marché des produits. Ces résultats ont alors d’importantes implications quant à la compréhension des interactions entre les agriculteurs en ville et le monde politique de Yaoundé. Les fonctions multiples de cette activité tel que l’emploi pour les jeunes, les revenus substantiels pour les couches des populations les plus vulnérables, la gestion des déchets urbains et la beauté du paysage étant autant d’attraits qui concourent à son encouragement.
Les stratégies qui visent à susciter l’implication des producteurs urbains dans le développement de la ville de Yaoundé ont été mises en œuvre à travers la CAUPA (Coalition pour la promotion de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine en Afrique). L’intégration de ces stratégies dans les schémas directeurs d’aménagements urbains, pourrait contribuer à concilier les défis d'une amélioration du bien-être des populations en quête de survie. Cette thèse met en évidence la nécessité d’une médiation entre les différentes catégories d’acteurs pour une agriculture urbaine et périurbaine de qualité. Les résultats pourront permettre aux décideurs et administrateurs des villes de disposer d‘informations utiles sur l’importance de cette forme d’agriculture qui est, non seulement montante, mais aussi controversée.
SUMMARY:
As in most African cities, Yaounde, the capital city of Cameroon, is faced with the phenomenon of urbanization. This leads to socio-economic problems especially in food supply and acquisition of basic necessities. The extremely low purchasing power, unemployment, underemployment, poverty - say misery, brought a significant proportion of the population to invent new solutions to ensure basic income through urban and peri-urban agriculture. The characterization of this agricultural system highlights the interaction between various stakeholders, types of spaces and crops, productivity and average revenue generated. Results show that this agricultural system has generated employment for about 2000 people, mainly youths and especially women, with 35 years average age. The activity is based mainly in lowland floody zones, low slope, landscaping roads with increase land pressure. Vegetables, gardening and flowers are dominant diversified crops noticed in the area. These crops vary from urban, peri-urban and rural areas, three landscape which were studied.
The analysis of the marketing chain show three main types of distribution chains through which products pass from producers to consumers. These include long distribution, short distribution and direct channel. In these channels, the regulation of the market is achieved at the level of all stakeholders. This means that the prices of the products are therefore fixed in advance, and also are functions of demand. Regarding profitability, the analysis on the farmer’s accounts of Celery, Bitter leaf and Black nightshade indicates that this agriculture is profitable with an average daily gain of almost 3 euro per producers. That's why some gardeners believes that instead of a salary of almost 75 euro per month, they prefer to stay in their farm.
However, no legal and regulatory framework related to this activity is available in the case of Yaounde. Also, there are many other constraints related to the organization of producers, practices, structuring and implementation of products in the markets. These results have important implications to the understanding of the interaction between farmers and policy makers. The multiple functions of this activity such as youth employment, income for substantial segments of the most vulnerable populations, urban waste management and the beautification of the landscape is as much attraction that contribute to its promotion.
A strategy to encourage the implication of urban producers in the development of the city of Yaounde has been implemented through CAUPA. The integration of these strategies in urban planners, could help for the challenges of improving people’s welfare. Subsequently, this thesis brings forth the need for a mediation between different stakeholders and contributes to good quality of peri-urban agriculture. The results can therefore enable decision-makers and policy to provide useful information on the importance of this form of agriculture which is not only rising, but also controversial.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Durang, Xavier. "Vivre et exister à Yaoundé : la construction des territoires citadins." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040265.
Full textThrough a case study analysis of the cameroonian capital of Yaounde, this thesis aims to reveal the way "of be-in-the-world" of the African townsmen and the direction which they give to their life during this time of crisis. Thus, it underlines the modalities of the brutal transition from "the urbanity of revenue" to "the urbanity of crisis" which represents for many individuals a "descent into Hell". It also shows that the post-colonial African city is not a product of importation : behind the illusory signs of acculturation generally hides, a mode of appropriation or social regulation, or a significance quite specific to the local imaginary. The adopted geographical process, which involves a detailed comprehension of the relevant socio-political and cultural phenomenon, privileges the observation of the everyday life and lived spaces. With this micro-geographical approach, the town territories are examined according to three registers thus reconstituting their principal facets (from the visible to the hidden): morphologies, temporalities and mobilities. Lastly, the thesis seeks the déterminants and constraints of these lived space in the collective behaviors of existence and emotion
Djatcheu, Kamgain Martin Luther. "Le phénomène de l'habitat précaire à Yaoundé : mécanismes internes et gouvernance urbaine." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0009.
Full textThe present thesis has as an ambition to understand the mechanisms of the production of the precarious habitat in Yaounde and the strategies of the various private and public actors to reabsorb it. It results from a methodology which combines the document retrieval, the direct observations, the investigations by questionnaire near a representative sample of the households of the districts with precarious habitat of Yaounde, and the talks at the chiefs of districts, persons in charge of associations and ONG of Yaounde, working in the improvement of the districts with precarious habitat. It comes out from this study that the districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde develop primarily on the slopes of steep hills and in the funds of marshy valleys. They pose real problems which push the urban powers on the one hand to shave them (Municipality) and on the other hand to implement at it strategies and/or programs of improvement (the State through the PPAB and the PDUE; ONG, associations of the districts, individuals, etc). Indeed, the precarious habitat in the studied districts first of all occupied the slopes of steep hills, then was spread out in the marshes, zones in theory not aedificandi. These districts gather nearly 90% of the population of the city. The latter, which comes from various geographical horizons, does not have a land title guaranteeing the property to him and the land transactions are done there in the illegality. The dwellings as for them, are built by drudges who employ materials of fortune. The districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde have real problems of cleansing. The evacuation of solid waste constitutes a thorny question for the households, especially in terms of access to the services of collection of quality. The distribution network of electricity present in a permanent way of the failures, and the water provision is done either in sub-renting starting from a tap pertaining to a individual, or on the terminal fountain, or with a source or in a water well. The anarchistic occupation of the slopes of steep hills and the funds of marshy valleys is in the beginning many “natural” phenomena of which erosion, landslides and floods. The strategies of treatment of the precarious habitat by the public urban powers are directed on the one hand towards the abandonment without compensation for the populations not having neither land title, nor building permit, and on the other hand towards opening-up by reorganization. Several ONG and associations of the districts contribute to the cleansing of certain districts with precarious habitat in the town of Yaounde. Also, the populations of these districts employ techniques of fortune to stabilize the occupied mediums and to thus make vis-a-vis the hydrological and geomorphological problems. The operations of reorganization of the sectors with precarious dwellings and of rehousing of the populations installed in zones at real risk, are operations of installation adapted in the socio-economic context yaoundéen. For a more effective improvement, the State must imperatively carry out normative and administrative structural changes various scales. The legislation should thus plan the option of a refitting of the precarious sectors of the districts with a long-term aim to standardize the land situation their inhabitants. The public authorities must become aware of the utility to integrate the problems of the districts into precarious habitat in the planning of the evolution of their territory
Djatcheu, Kamgain Martin Luther. "Le phénomène de l'habitat précaire à Yaoundé : mécanismes internes et gouvernance urbaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0009.
Full textThe present thesis has as an ambition to understand the mechanisms of the production of the precarious habitat in Yaounde and the strategies of the various private and public actors to reabsorb it. It results from a methodology which combines the document retrieval, the direct observations, the investigations by questionnaire near a representative sample of the households of the districts with precarious habitat of Yaounde, and the talks at the chiefs of districts, persons in charge of associations and ONG of Yaounde, working in the improvement of the districts with precarious habitat. It comes out from this study that the districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde develop primarily on the slopes of steep hills and in the funds of marshy valleys. They pose real problems which push the urban powers on the one hand to shave them (Municipality) and on the other hand to implement at it strategies and/or programs of improvement (the State through the PPAB and the PDUE; ONG, associations of the districts, individuals, etc). Indeed, the precarious habitat in the studied districts first of all occupied the slopes of steep hills, then was spread out in the marshes, zones in theory not aedificandi. These districts gather nearly 90% of the population of the city. The latter, which comes from various geographical horizons, does not have a land title guaranteeing the property to him and the land transactions are done there in the illegality. The dwellings as for them, are built by drudges who employ materials of fortune. The districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde have real problems of cleansing. The evacuation of solid waste constitutes a thorny question for the households, especially in terms of access to the services of collection of quality. The distribution network of electricity present in a permanent way of the failures, and the water provision is done either in sub-renting starting from a tap pertaining to a individual, or on the terminal fountain, or with a source or in a water well. The anarchistic occupation of the slopes of steep hills and the funds of marshy valleys is in the beginning many “natural” phenomena of which erosion, landslides and floods. The strategies of treatment of the precarious habitat by the public urban powers are directed on the one hand towards the abandonment without compensation for the populations not having neither land title, nor building permit, and on the other hand towards opening-up by reorganization. Several ONG and associations of the districts contribute to the cleansing of certain districts with precarious habitat in the town of Yaounde. Also, the populations of these districts employ techniques of fortune to stabilize the occupied mediums and to thus make vis-a-vis the hydrological and geomorphological problems. The operations of reorganization of the sectors with precarious dwellings and of rehousing of the populations installed in zones at real risk, are operations of installation adapted in the socio-economic context yaoundéen. For a more effective improvement, the State must imperatively carry out normative and administrative structural changes various scales. The legislation should thus plan the option of a refitting of the precarious sectors of the districts with a long-term aim to standardize the land situation their inhabitants. The public authorities must become aware of the utility to integrate the problems of the districts into precarious habitat in the planning of the evolution of their territory
Belko, Bayoro Adamou. "La toponymie de la communauté urbaine de Niamey." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030008.
Full textToponyms as means of communication constitute a supply of collective memory which immortalizes a precious cultural patrimony, be it local, regional or national. In this respect, this cultural jewel ought to be preserved, protected and promoted and it can only be done by guiding it in order to allow it to fulfil its role which is to locate places and orientate people in their whereabouts. This mission, entrusted to governmental or administrative agencies, is conventionally called The Normalisation of geographical names, and is carried out at a local, regional, national or international level. That’s why the toponymy of the UCN, an integral part of the cultural patrimony of Niger, is the subject of this thesis. In this work, the places’ names have been linked to the progressive populating of Nyamey as they are privileged witnesses of the birth of the city’s places. Altogether, they constitute the geographical entities I have analysed. They are subdivided into administrative entities, artificial geographical entities [works], natural geographical entities (streams, hills, ….) and in ways of communication. However, odonomy has taken the largest part in this research as its subject is the urban toponomy (Nyamey being the largest urban centre of Niger). Moreover, toponomy being by definition a linguistic science, a linguistic study of the toponyms has been done in this work. This toponomy is multilingual , it is expressed in several national languages (mainly zarma, hausa and fulfulde) and in French. But odonymy is more expressive in the majority of the national languages of Niger through toponyms which have more of a symbolical meaning than a referential one. Neigbourhoods or villages’ names have been analysed etymologically in this work in order to complete the linguistic structure of these places’ names
Mbono, Samba Azan Madeleine. "L'impact socio-économique de la néo-citadine de Yaoundé." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30048.
Full textThe following research deals with scuth-cameroon woman in town, an extratraditional spheres. Her various reactions show her dynamism, and leads to a sort of slow but real destruction of traditionnal society. This masterpiece consists of three main part; it deals with only the peasan woman from the important tribes of this sug-region, tribes which ares mostly found in yaounde, such as beti, boulou, bassa, douala, bamoun, ko'ozime. This study will not have to do with the highly placed woman of liberal occupations, although they undergo the same problems. The first part deals with the socio-juridic, economic and traditional statuts of the woman in south camercon communities. It is the question of this objective study aiming at bringing out the must constraint and traumatizing characteristins, at the expense of the woman or those in her faboiur or glory. This part brings out the political omnipotence caused by its presence among lineage, clans, tribes either friends or enemies. It also studies her traditionnal economic status. The second part concerns the urbanisation of south-cameroon and native woman. Ttsstudies the various psycho-social and economic mutations of this woman. In urban areas. It deals with women's rural exodus, their education at school and so on. . . ; their salaries, christian religions, it ends by a chapter dealing with new town woman in mbalmayo and sangmelina, two medium size in south cameroon. .
N'nde, Takukam Pierre Boris. "Production de la sécurité, rationalité et gouvernance locale : une ethnographie urbaine à Douala et Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26932.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the security rationality, which organizes Douala and Yaoundé cities. In fact, urban insecurity is becoming a serious concern of developing countries cities mainly in Cameroonian cities where the rise of criminality and violence have generated popular and state initiatives of security. Regarding theory, several approaches have been employed in order to display the security environment of the concerned cities. We consider Douala and Yaoundé cities as cultural production places where many forms of hybrid identities and diverse urban territories are constructed through migrations, different cultures and behaviors coming from home villages. Then, one should think about the modes of local governance, in order to understand the framing conditions of this urban cultural dynamics. In the same vein, local governance involves actor roles and logics. Those logics can be observed by considering their cognitive dimension and relation to space. Cognitive dimensions are related to perception, experience and subjective representation associated with insecurity. Thus, insecurity feeling, fear, marginalization, violence and criminalization are phenomena involving disadvantage people, who are victims of insecurity. This context is propitious to the unfolding of actor logics, informality, and segregation not only as tools controlling urban spaces but also as an environment of secure spaces production. Informality and segregation are also favorable for the development of identities, for the construction of utopias, these ameliorative visions that motivate and transform actors. Actor logics justify security initiatives. Finally, actors go through out a subjectivation process to be transformed and to perform as subjects. Methodologically, this thesis is based on a critical and comparative ethnography of security and also on the social action approach, which consider social interactions to explain security rationality. By studying security, we suppose look at neighborhood level, which is the main purpose of securing and expression domain of informality. The neighborhoods are surrounded by urban chiefdoms whose management systems has been identified by the expression of local governance. Faced with the security issue that governance acts with its identity, its culture and its representations. It rubs with the state, whose logics, technical and organizational strategies materialize security policies. Douala and Yaoundé cities have popular security approaches that differ each other in terms of their local organization of neighborhoods and their popular temperament. Those cities are close by their actor logics and motivations used to perform as subjects. This research has found that there is a form of rationality which governs the production of all the dynamics and security strategies that prevail in Douala and Yaoundé. This rationality get through a plurality of security logics related either to security or insecurity. Definitely, migration from the countryside to the city, informality, segregation and the presence of local gangs are urban realities that give a particular form to insecurity, but also invite to a rehabilitation of techniques and actor groups involved in the security production. It appears that the security rationality, this intelligence of government, observed in the public security devices, also creates in the popular actor processes, identification techniques to law enforcement. In its process, this rationality leads to the production of secure and security subjects. By entering human productions as innovative activities, we understand that security proceeds by rapprochement between the police and the people, for the implementation of mechanisms to respond to the threat and also the «confiscation of security» for an elite purposes. Then it represents an instance of subjectivity where innovation is materialized and where the actors perform, create security and recreate the city. Finally, this thesis reveals a plurality of security logics constructed around the same security rationality.
Lafon, Sophie. "L'Université dans la métropole : la Communauté Urbaine et l'Université de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0594/document.
Full textThe purpose of this reseach is to study the emergence of French metropolitan governments, from the exempleof Bordeaux, as actors of higher education and research policymaking. In a context of devolution thatstrengthens local governments, of a knowledge economy and knowledge society, of universities interactingwith their local environment, metropolitan governments have developped their intervention capacity in thefield of higher eduction and research. With new interventions and strategic plans, their actions have had animpact on the cooperation between local governments and the harmonization of their political strategies, thuspaving the way for a governance of higher eduction and research policies at a metropolitan level
Wurm, Renan. "Les communes et le logement : l'exemple de la Communauté urbaine de Strasbourg." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR30004.
Full textUnless we consider the protection of the occupant on tenant to be, in very specific cases there's no proper a housing law. This matter loucerns various branches of the law such as fiscal law, town planning law and construction law. The role of the state can be easily determined definition of priorities and financing of this policy. On the other hand, the local interventions seems to be linked with exceptionnal situations or in states of emergency : specialized organisms collod council flats are in charge of it. Since 1980, decentralized procedures induce the local communities to take more action in this matter. The District borough of Strasbourg, as on organism of local reassembly could be the adequate geographic context to practise this ability. Moreover, if the setting up of a local housing program wouldn't giving it new tools, the reality of its functioning could be denied. The interveners'points of view about the housing and the comparisons with the light other district boroughs confirm the hope which can be biult on this new proceeding
Morelle, Marie. "La rue des enfants, les enfants de la rue : l'exemple de Yaoundé (Cameroun) et d'Antananarivo (Madagascar)." Paris 1, 2004. http://books.openedition.org/editionscnrs/5511.
Full textPiettre, Alexandre. "Entre urbanité et communauté, la politisation de l'espace public urbain." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070069.
Full textComing back to the comparison between the riots which happened in French suburbs in 2005 and the popular rebellions in the Ancient Regime, that were characterised as political by default, as "proto", "infra", "supra" or "post-political", this thesis first emphasizes the exceptional character of these riots and their direct link with the grenade thrown onto the mosque of Clichy, which led them to be qualified as political. According to surveys observed through different ways of analysis (psychosociological, sociological, historical and anthropological) between 1999 and 2003 in four big popular areas in Parisian suburbs and an area in the centre of Paris, this major event in recent history takes its place with regard to the dilution of the "politique de la ville" in security public policies. As these policies and a policy of urbanity's production intermingle, they actually reflect an inclination to naturalize the "socio-urban" processes, following the re-discovery of the School of Chicago in France. Therefore, around the year 2000 new forms of political mobilization emerged in popular areas, as far as they introduced a community dimension in fragments, which was not assumed as such in the struggle of suburbs and immigration before. With an agency which wipes out the traces of synthesis from the "beur" movement and which has the islamic revival as support, they reflect a conflict of subjectivation in terms of opposition between immunity and community, that will take ail its place after the riots of 2005
Healy, Aisling. "Le gouvernement privé de l’action publique urbaine : sociologie politique de la « gouvernance métropolitaine » du Grand Lyon (fin du XXe siècle)." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/healy_a.
Full textSince the end of the 1990s, metropolitan representatives and metropolitan agents have claimed that Greater Lyon's method of government can be labelled as “governance” for it is now characterized by the implementation of policies that directly involve the “civil society”. Erected to the status of emblem of Lyon, this “governance” would contribute to the international prestige of this city and promote its economic development. However, the two policies of so-called “governance” that are examined in this research work, do not address the transformations of the modes of metropolitan regulation this word is meant to sum up. Far from engaging with participatory actions on behalf of a number of different local actors in issues related to local economic development, these two policies reproduce a certain institutionalised way of cooperating with a very narrow group of actors, namely the official representatives of private firms who are thus raised to the rank of official partners of the metropolitan institution. Furthermore, since the 1970s, the ability of the metropolitan representatives and metropolitan agents to deal with local economic policies has mainly relied on such a close association with these representatives of the private sector. If the latter are highly competitive amongst themselves in the economic marketplace, they nonetheless manage to come together and form decision-making entities directed towards action in the public domain. The positions and roles of the metropolitan representatives and metropolitan agents are still nevertheless most important in the conduct of this private government of urban public action
Aoudé, Nabil. "Prescription des antalgiques : enquête auprès de médecins de la communauté urbaine de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25058.
Full textAwono-Bessa, Cyprien. "Les déterminants microéconomiques de la consommation urbaine de poulets de chair dans les pays du sud : cas du Cameroun et d’Haïti." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARE026.
Full textA galloping demography and inadequate coverage in meat products, has incited Cameroon and Haïti to open their markets to importation. The competition between imported and local flesh chicken would have been the cause of the collapse of many pultry hysbandry and the loss of several employments. In the absence of information on the evolution of food habits and trend of local poultry sector, this thesis analyses micro-economic determinants of chicken consumption in urban aera of developing countries on the basis of case studies in Yaoundé (Cameroun) and Port-au-Prince (Haïti). In the first chapter, we implant a partial equilibrium model of chicken market in Cameroun, which clarifies the nature of earnings and economic losses consecutive to epening of borders. In the second chapter, we describe the methodology of investigation in both countries. The main results show that local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken and imported chicken present different attributes to which the consumers are sensitive. Whereas in Cameroon, the local flesh chicken breeding in semi-industrialized farms continues to be preferred and consumed by households with high income, in Haiti, this chicken has practically disappeared and the consumers have adopted the I mported chicken who proves to be more pratical and more accessible because it is sold by pieces. The chapter 3 introduces a bibliographic review of micro economic approaches of food consumption
Purenne, Anai͏̈k. "L'action publique par le bas : les transports urbains de la communauté urbaine de Lyon." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0006.
Full textVachon, Frédéric. "Les pôles d'activité économique en milieu urbain, le cas de la Communauté urbaine de Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38209.pdf.
Full textGoyer, Annie. "Le marché et les acteurs de l'immobilier de bureaux dans la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1A002.
Full textTchoffo, Djomkouo Virginie. "La politique de gestion des déchets ménagers en France : l'exemple de la Communauté urbaine de Lille." Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL20016.
Full textBissou, William II Paulin. "Approche par les instruments de l’action publique au Cameroun : le cas de la planification urbaine des villes de Douala et Yaoundé." Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMD003.
Full textThis Phd thesis focuses on public policy instruments for urban planning in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé. It is part of the dynamics of political research in Africa. It questions the trajectory of the state through its deployment in a concrete area of public policy, which is urban planning.Two geographical locations were mobilized to carry out this study, namely Douala the economic capital of the country and Yaounde the political capital.46 interviews, the collection of archival and working documents, as well as the non-participant observation were used to build an analysis of the political sociology based on the relations between the rulers and the ruled. The main results of the study concern a form of reappropriation of public action instruments and a contextualization of urban planning based on the specific realities of each territory. The development of public policy instruments as well as their mobilization within the framework of planning evolves according to the nature of the state. This instrument-based approach provides a comprehensive view of the urban planning sector and the development policies developed by Cameroon from the colonial era till date. This urban planning policy, which emerges in the colonial context, is primarily a territorial before becoming sectored policy with the establishment of the FIDES plans. The post-independent state will inherit this sector orientation. Faced with recurrent difficulties and considering the contemporary challenges of urban governance, the trend is now towards a (re) territorialization of this public action
Ali, Farah Omar. "La France, la Communauté économique européenne et l'Afrique subsaharienne, de la Convention de Yaoundé (juillet 1963) à la Convention de Lomé 1 (février 1975)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022946.
Full textAli, Farah Omar. "La France, la Communauté économique européenne et l’Afrique subsaharienne, de la Convention de Yaoundé (juillet 1963) à la Convention de Lomé 1 (février 1975)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20011/document.
Full textFrance has obtained from its partners the inclusion of the overseas territories in the Treaty of Rome which established the EEC. The goal was to maintain relations between the mainlands and the former colonies in a new context during the decolonisation.Between 1958 and 1963, the Six experienced a partnership system with third countries, particularly the African and Malgach Associated States (AMAS) which allowed to maintain particular economic ties with these sovereign states on behalf of development aid. The July 1963 Convention of Yaounde marked the will of the Six to institutionalise and coordinate their relations with African and Malgache third countries and laying the foundations of cooperation policy, consolidated by the renewal of this convention. On the commercial level, These agreements were based on mutual preferencial tariffs and quotas and financial and technical assistance.At the end of a decade of association, the development aid assessement was very poor, except for the field of education and training where an increase in schooling was witnessed in most of the AMAS, but in terms of economy, results were insignificant: the preferences they benefited from gradually decreased into little, They still remained very dependent and heavily indebted. Their economy was still based on the export of tropical products and mining and the very unbalanced terms of trade
Belcaïd, Amina. "Étude des symptômes d'insomnie et d'hypersomnie de la population féminine de la Communauté urbaine de Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ55569.pdf.
Full textAmadou-Sonrhai, Oumarou. "Les rapports entre l'État et les collectivités locales au Niger : l'exemple de la communauté urbaine de Niamey." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10060.
Full textThe approaches we followed is to show that there is a customary public low with had give an advantage to standardize the new rule inherited from colonisation. This customary public low has not been changed ; and the new rules did not favoured the community local low authority. The region with a measure of autonomy did not have full application of the low concerning decentralization. The new territorial redistricting will modify the relation between the traditional government and local authority. There is the idea of consultation, election, and participation. The population must develop their own locality. Niger did not find the best way for his development, and he needs a new deal call "nouvelle gouvernance". This new rule will bring stability, best control, and management. We most re-form the administration and find a balance to, start on a basic system : democracy for local population. The decentralization will change the situation ; some other actors will share the power with the government. They will lead their own policy in their locality
Girerd, Guillaume. "Analyse du comportement des pendulaires dans la perspective d'un report modal." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1018.
Full textNowadays, accessible to all or almost, the car is considered by much a flexible means of individual transport. But in the dense districts of the urban centres it is, a large consumer of space, factors of accidents and pollution. These risks become strong arguments then to support the establishment of a modal carryforward of the car towards means of transports known as durable (collective Transport, walk, bicycle. . . ). In spite of the presence within agglomeration of many means of substitution, the use of the car prevails. The modal choice of the inhabitants must thus be analyzed to understand the factors of failure of the various policies of displacements. This study cove an importance particular of the moment when the communities make share of a strong voluntarism by founding PDU. However, the autorities miss information on the awaited practices of the citizens contributing to important failures (urban toll, paying parking. . . ). As regards modal choice, four criteria prevail the cost, the speed, the comfort and the ecology of a way. The acceptance of these factors by the users varies according of the type of studied transport and the usual practice or not of such or such mean. The objective of this thesis is to bring a vision compared of the behavior of pendular on three distinct agglomerations (Large Lyon, Urban Community of Nantes and the Community of Agglomeration of Large Besançon) in order to better understand the potentialities of modal carryforward according in particular to different space reference
Wojtach, Dorota. "La communauté coréenne de Los Angeles, les rapports interethniques." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030107.
Full textThe urban riots of 1992 bring to the fore the growing complexity of racial relations in America. They cast à new light on the bipolar relations that are at the center of the attention of the media and the political leaders of the time. The aim of this thesis is to study the evolution of the Korean community in L. A. And to examine the factors that have contributed to the emergence of hostilities between Korean entrepreneurs and African-Americans. After having traced the beginnings of the Korean immigration on the Hawaii islands the analysis proceeds to explore the economic dimension of the Korean presence in the U. S. In order to prove its inevitable contribution to the escalation of conflicts with African Americans. It ends with the treatment of the impact of the riots on the Korean community
Desage, Fabien. "Le « consensus » communautaire contre l'intégration intercommunale Séquences et dynamiques d'institutionnalisation de la communauté urbaine de Lille (1964-2003)." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566287.
Full textTremblay, Roxane. "Étude paléolimnologique de l'histoire trophique du Lac Saint-Charles, réservoir d'eau potable de la communauté urbaine de Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38203.pdf.
Full textDesage, Fabien. "Le consensus communautaire contre l'intégration intercommunale : séquences et dynamiques d'institutionalisation de la Communauté Urbaine de Lille (1964-2003)." Lille 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566287.
Full textMost of the metropolitan institutions in France are run by collegial executives, gathering municipal representatives from the whole political spectrum. To justify this type of broad coalition, local politicians put forward an alleged " technicity " of urban policy issues – which are claimed to be " apolitical " - and the strengthening of the metropolitan policies it would enable. This work scrutinizes the institutionalization process of the Communauté urbaine of Lille, from its origins in the 1960 ies to the formalization of a cross-party agreement. The chosen methodology, a historical and micro-sociological perspective, sheds light on the " domestication " of successive governmental reforms by the mayors. The political " consensus " far from resulting in the autonomy of metropolitan policies, this appears to be the main cause of their ongoing dependency on member municipalities and of their democratic deficit
Ndemby, Sosthène. "L'Afrique française, la France et la Communauté Economique Européenne 1952-1975 : évaluation critique d'un partenariat." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010555.
Full textNdiaye, Marième Pollèle. "La communication intercommunale sur le changement climatique : entre stratégies et paradoxes : l'exemple de la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (CUB)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30011/document.
Full textThis research aims at addressing, through the example of the Urban Community of Bordeaux (UCB), the topic of communication practices regarding climate change, and more generally the issue of finding the right way to communicate in the scope of a coordinated action by a local authority. In particular, it will tackle the implementation of practices and strategies to mobilize locals actors (mainly municipalities) around the “pioneers of climate” project, a program launched to promote environmentally friendly behaviors. In this context, our thesis seeks to provide insight into the relation between territorial communication and the collective action against climate change. Three theoretical approaches were adopted to analyze the empirical data: commitment communication AND instituted paradigm (Bernard, 2010) ; theories of collective action (Snow & Benford, 1986 ; Neveu, 2005; Céfaï 2007 ; Contamin, 2009) ; and theory of public communication (Zémor 2004 ; Sfez, 2007 Bessières, 2008). The applied methodology includes the use of two qualitative method tools (semi-directive interview and participant observation) to help us grasp the relationship between local actors and the complex issues of territorial communication to fight against climate change. Through this research, it appeared to us that climate change communication in the UCB is part of a dynamic process, which vacillates between strategies and paradoxes. This situation leads us to discuss the theory of communicative discrepancies as way to fight against climate change
Couture, Aurélie. "Fabrication de la ville et participation publique : l'émergence d'une culture métropolitaine : le cas de la Communauté urbaine de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22100/document.
Full textFrom the 2000s , public participation in France is the subject of increasing attention in both the social and political spheres in the world of research. The privileged context is the production process of cities as it supports citizens claims and initiatives on the one hand , procedures and institutional experiences on the other hand. Vector of social regulation, sustainable development and vitality of democracy, public involvement in projects and urban decisions gains momentum in a context marked by the complexity of the urban reality and its governance. Promoted by intermunicipalities it meets a dual challenge of political legitimacy and modernization of metropolitan operating methods. The case of the Urban Community of Bordeaux illustrates this particularly well. Through the deployment of innovative participatory exercises related to agglomeration policies and strategies, it seeks to assert itself as a leading method in metropolitan governance as well as to directly involve residents and users of the territory in a context of renewed "citizenship". This ambition is reflected in recent policy orientations, which transform the strategic positioning of the organization and practices of the Urban Community of Bordeaux. What followed is an increase in the technical skills of the stakeholders - technicians, members of the Sustainable Development Council, elected bodies- witness of the professionalization of participation. This double movement, institutional and professional, suggests a profound and lasting change in community action as a part of a more collaborative and cross logic. This analysis is the result of a research conducted within the institution within the framework of a CIFRE contract. It is based on the method of participant observation together with thematic interviews and the analysis of a body of recent participatory processes
Malam, Maman Nafiou. "Crises économiques et système d'enseignement primaire au Niger : cas de la double vacation dans la communauté urbaine de Niamey." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10247.
Full textThe research for an adequate educational policy arises with acuteness in developing countries. Most of these countries, dealing the eighties economic crisis and a high population growth rate, are confronted with high demands of schooling. Every country tries to go out by adopting on effective policy that would allow enroling maximum pupils' in slightest costs. Niger like several countries under structural adjustment programs applies double-shift in urban area
Dia, Mamadou. "Etude d'application hydrogéologique de cas d'exploitations géothermiques de nappes peu profondes sur le territoire de la communauté urbaine de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10556.
Full textCherif-Nissels, Michelle. "Une communauté urbaine et rurale en Languedoc à la fin du Grand Siècle : Saint-Pons-De-Thomière, capitale de diocèse." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30057.
Full textBalme, Richard. "L'action culturelle et ses incidences sur les systèmes politiques municipaux : les développements de l'action culturelle en périphérie urbaine à travers le cas des communes de la communauté urbaine de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR1D002.
Full textUhaldeborde, Jean-Michel. "Les rationalisations limitées du secteur public local." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D026.
Full textMy research embodies three thematic fields related to economic analysis in the local public sector. The first area, oriented toward a methodological approach, deals with the organization of financial data concerning local authorities (house hold income, local book-keeping) and opens up on the elaboration and exploitation of a database covering the whole aquitaine region. The second area of research tends to analyse the macro-economic conditions that determine the evolution of the system of local financing (loans, grants, taxes) since the crisis. Thirdly, the research concentrates on the analysis of the theoretical conditions that preside to a satisfactory politico-administrative organization of metropolitan areas. It also attempts to benefit from the experience derived from one specific formula : the "communaute urbaine"
Paradis, Gilles. "Etude de la mortalité d'une cohorte histoqique de chauffeurs d'autobus de la société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montreal." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63788.
Full textSolacroup, Rémi. "Une histoire de l'associationnisme sportif marocain dans la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (1978-2005). Une approche comparée avec le cas portugais." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0426.
Full textSport, object of modernity, exists in a communal form in immigrant populations settled in the Bordeaux Urban Community (Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux - CUB) since the 1930s. Within the Moroccan population in the same region, associative sport was observed in the late 1970s with the creation of football teams related to political will on the part of the Moroccan government to monitor its emigrants who might return to Morocco. This resulted in the emergence of a conglomerate of ‘closed’ football teams that survived only a few years. In the early 1990s, the first Moroccan student cultural associations saw in sport a tool to attract and unite the Moroccan student community. Meanwhile, in the commune of Pessac, the USSAP Boxing Club was created by Moroccans responsible for a cultural association dedicated to the music of the Maghreb. The boxing club became a space where the vision of its members was overriding the opinion of the community and where sporting excellence seemed to be the driving force. Therefore the Moroccan associative networks were formed as constellations within the Bordeaux Urban Community and illustrated the sometimes complex role that sports cultures played amongst the immigrant populations. Through boundary as a heuristic object, a comparison between the Portuguese and Moroccan associate activity highlights the gradual disappearance of communal visions in sports associations for the benefit of modernity of sport, seeking excellence and at the same time forcing the clubs to open up and therefore reduce their alterity
Auriol, Philippe Jean Marc. "Collecte et élimination des déchets solides en médecine praticienne : étude portant sur des médecins généralistes de la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M178.
Full textFitria, Arie. "Services urbains, urbanisme et aménagement : analyse géopolitique des relations entre une communauté urbaine et les collectivités voisines : le cas du Grand Lyon." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2026/document.
Full textOur thesis is about the effect of the administrative border in an urban community and concerns particularly on the relations between Grand Lyon and its surrounding municipalities in the context of the territorial reform aiming at rationalizing and reinforcing the intermunicipal cooperation. What are the possibilities of the cooperation? How are the possibilities reconfigured? We reach the questions, in the first place, by the modification of the border of Grand Lyon, in one part following to new communes adhesion, in other part following to the creation of the Lyon metropolitan. In the second place, we study the impact of Grand Lyon border on the urban services, with study cases devoted to the recent territorial evolution of transport Lyonnais syndicate intervention (Nouveau Sytral).Our research was carried out by using various juridical documents, press reports, student works in which were analyzed in the point of view of urban planning leaning on geographical and political science methods. This study also focuses on interviews in the selected municipalities. The analysis reveals that the definition of intermunicipal Lyonnais grouping perimeter is completely a geopolitical issue, in the meaning that Phillipe Subra gives the notion. In terms of the situation, the local political context, the communal projects, the alliances between the territories are established or unraveled
Braneyre, Martine. "Modélisation des échanges nappe-rivières : application à la détermination des zones sensibles aux remontées de nappe sur la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20182.
Full textAparicio, Luis. "Communication et pilotage de projets sociotechniques : étude de la première phase du projet "Tramway" de la Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg (1989-1994)." Strasbourg 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR1EC11.
Full textDuring the last two decades, several French municipalities have reintroduced tramways in order to control urban mobility. A general question about the very mastering of these technological projects is at the origin of my work. The study of the first phase of the Strasbourg's “Tramway” project allows me for a concrete analysis of the steerage function and to overstep the bounders of management. I introduce the notion of “sociotechnical frame” in order to extend the methodological principles of the actor-network theory, which found this study. Project steerage is analysed as a communication process, in terms of production and flux of inscriptions (plannings, reports, models. . . ). These elements circulating among actors are considered the substance of organisation and the base of the project evolution. Within the network so constituted, steerage takes the form of a distributed action and is understood as a work of mediation. Besides coordination, communication enables coherence. The project's inscriptions configure a steerage discourse that articulates its definition as well as the actors and the technologies at stake within the sociotechnical frame. The analysis of this particular case offers a guide to explore the initial general questioning and to test the underlying theories. But this work is also a proposal to bring research closer to management and policy. Technology policy is frequently subordinated to economic policy, even at the urban scale. My dissertation contributes to a collective effort to enlarge the policy scope and open it up to a more comprehensive consideration of the factors taking part in innovation, social and technical at once
León-Quijano, Camilo. "Fabriquer la communauté imagée : une ethnographie visuelle à Sarcelles." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0103.
Full textThe present dissertation explores the social life of pictures at Sarcelles, a city to the north of Paris. This research focuses on the materials and photographic interactions that socially define this place. Based on a visual ethnography conducted between 2015 and 2018, this research explores the “imaged practices” (pratiques imagées), those activities that define and frame the creation, publicization, and performance of visual materials. The main objective of this dissertation is to study what I have called an imaged community (communauté imagée). This concept is a means to study the visual ecology of imaged practices both from a pragmatic and phenomenological point of view. While most researches in the field use photography as a means to describe or illustrate social phenomena, the present one advocates for a critical, reflexive, and participatory photographic ethnography based on sensorial and participatory activities. Combining fruitfully sociology, anthropology, urban studies, and visual studies, this investigation contributes to the methodological and theoretical development of visual ethnography. Relying on non-indexical photographic practices, the present dissertation details the multiple definition of visual experiences in urban settings. It delves into the dynamics of creation, exchange, publicization, and accomplishment of visual materials in the field. This manuscript is structured into five chapters. The first one presents the visual economy of photographic materials on an urban scale. It reveals the existing photographic materials on Sarcelles and examines the institutional and artistic strategies locally deployed since years which have functioned at defining the imaged community. The second one analyzes the ecology of visual interactions on a local scale based on a series of civic resistances which took place in the digital spaces. The third one explores the relationship between spatial experience and photography based on immersive, sensory, and non-representational visual practices. The fourth chapter explores how urban space is seen and experienced by the inhabitants of Sarcelles through visual participatory methods. This last chapter raises theoretical and methodological awareness on power relationships in the field and reflexively reconsiders the photographic activity putting at the front line the relations between race, class, and gender. Finally, the fifth chapter describes the different degrees of publicization of the photo-ethnographic accounts by analyzing how these last ones accomplish by thoroughly explaining how these productions are made and published. In particular, I explore the social construction of Sarcelles in photojournalism based on the visual and media definition of the imaged community in this professional environment. In sum, this dissertation contributes to the development of visual anthropology and visual sociology. Based on the photographic engagement in the field, it advocates for a phenomenological, pragmatic, and critical approach of visual ethnography
Augustin, Jean-Pierre. "Les jeunes dans la ville : institutions de socialisation et différenciation spatiale dans la communauté urbaine de Bordeaux : recherche de géographie sociale et politique." Bordeaux 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR30054.
Full textThis is a study of young people and the institutions catering for them based on a new conception including the structure of the city and its decision-making centres. Social and economic data from 1954 bring out the diversity of urban spaces and reveal clear oppositions. Young people do not stand apart from the social structure ; variations in schooling and social integration enhance historical disparities and are a challenge to both social and spatial equity. The exhaustive survey of leisure organizations shows the extent of the changes undergone and the measure of public intervention. It highlights the connexions between the organizations, their users, their founders and the districts. Conclusions are not restricted to the bordeaux area and allow a reflection on two major themes : youth and domination resulting from spatial diversity; and the adequacy of community work to offset social disparities. Cities are compounds of social retroaction, which means not just places or social structures to live in, but also things to be done
Mamadou, Abdoulaye-Sall. "L’intervention socioculturelle des Maisons des Jeunes et de la Culture de la Communauté Urbaine du Grand Nancy : référentiels, représentations sociales et configurations préférentielles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0296/document.
Full textThe ideas of cultural democratization and cultural democracy arouse various debates, both in terms of meanings, myths and ideological foundations that they assume in their crystallization institutionalized. Thus, social thought, associated with registers of culture and free time is structured from sedimentation history. Ways of thinking culture and free time have shaped the sociocultural intervention framework, the structure of the professional field, social representations and aesthetic views to the institutionalized culture. Our research aims to realize the coordination of the various areas of social thought, from previous research, investigations conducted with local officials, managers of socio-cultural associations, trainees and animation professionals sociocultural and local populations
Mercieca, Simon. "La vie quotidienne d'une communauté urbaine au centre de la Méditerranée : Etude socio-démographique d'un port maltais à l'époque moderne : Bormla (1586-1815)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040229.
Full textVerlynde, Nicolas. "De la perception du risque d'inondation aux propositions d'adaptation en territoire de côtes basses densément peuplées : le cas de la communauté urbaine de Dunkerque." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0500/document.
Full textFlooding is one of the world's main natural hazards. In view of this risk, being amplified by climate change, management has become crucial, especially in low-lying coastal areas. Risk perception, as a complex notion referring to cognitive, social, economic and environmental aspects, is a real contribution to reveal the vulnerability points of populations. This PhD thesis adresses the analysis of the population's perception of the flood risk within the "Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque". In this territory, located on a densely populated, urbanized and historically flood-affected low-lying coastal area, a large perception survey was carried out among inhabitants and risk management stakeholders. Its aim was to measure their flood risk perception and to bring to light various factors that influence it. The survey was conducted according to a methodology at the crossroads of several disciplines (geography, sociology, psychosociology and economics). The results highlight : (1) a discordant perception of this risk and a low concern ; (2) spatial risk representations very different from official ones ; (3) the influence of risk perception on willingness to pay to prevent themselves from risk. This thesis provides input to cindynics sciences and risk geography. It suggests adjustments to reduce these inhabitant's vulnerability to flood risk
Aubert, Flora. "« Communautés énergétiques » et fabrique urbaine ordinaire : analyses croisées Allemagne, France, Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2016.
Full textRenewables development in urban areas has sparked growing interest, stemming from professionals as well as from civil society as a whole, in sharing locally generated energy. Setting out such an objective regularly relies on local energy initiatives. As the energy industry was previously aiming to be invisible in the urban world, deployment of such energy initiatives raises questions on how urban making will relate with such projects. In this thesis, we hypothesized that these local energy initiatives contribute, in their own way, to make reappear energy systems in the urban area, as well as reconfigure its organization and its operation.This research work is built on four case studies located in three countries: Germany, France, and the United-Kingdom. Chosen cases are as follows: Les Colibres, a participatory housing in Forcalquier (France), Klimakommune in Saerbeck (Germany), European project on electrical storage named Sensible in Nottingham (United-Kingdom), and collective self-consumption project Smartmagne in Marmagne (France). The aim of this work is to understand these projects’making, thus, beyond their materiality, to analyse actors and mechanisms that are at stake in the on-going action. The results of the study are threefold. First, while “energy community” is a widely used notion in scientific literature and in national, European communications, the concept of assemblage is more relevant to characterize the energy initiatives this thesis is focused on. The object of study is at the crossover point between actors (enterprises, researchers, collectives of residents, promoters, collectivities, different groups of interests, etc.) and material and technical objects within a specific energy project: “local and urban socio-energetic assemblages” (LU-SEA, or ASE-LU in French). Their links are not based on social nor political affinities but are generated by the further realization of the project itself. From the four case studies analysed in this thesis, it is possible to link these projects and their effects in the field of what we call the ordinary urban making. As a matter of fact, such developments, which common objective can be casted as mutualisation of locally generated energy, are usually not within large development schemes. In this ordinary urban making, the project holders choose to avoid a socio-political confrontation that would be aimed at changing regulations, laws, or the making’ conditions. They rather take advantage of margins and cracks left open by the ordinary urban making to advance their project and process a social and material reality out of it. Lastly, this work is a mean to discuss the convergence of the outcome of the case studies and their analysis with commons. ASE-LU and urban and/or energy commons share similar issues: legal blocking, flaws and interstices mobilisation. They shape social organizations and spatio-technical sets that challenge at least the standard legal and social structures of the energy industry on the one hand, and of the field of urban making on the other hand
Bourion, Alain. "Logiques publiques et stratégies des acteurs économiques : essai de modélisation pour un développement local plus équilibré." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STETT033.
Full textThe character more global of the world economy cannot ignore that it depends on economic health of cities and territories. Their economic development implies the existence, inside the local industries, of special ones, called here "jacobian", whose caracteristics and behavior with their environment make them appear as the very heart of the local economy : frequent in many industrial districts namely, they are at the origin of their dynamism a study conducted in Montreal (Canada) puts in evidence that the special behavior of the jacobian enterprises with the local environment may be due to the "local reinvestment" of those firms; the report defines that concept and gives, through a short exercise of modelization, the description of its effects on the local environment. Consequently, it is possible to think about a new definition of the public policies regarding the local economic development, in order to maximize their efficiency