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Journal articles on the topic 'Commonwealth'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

CHAU, CHI-KAN LAWRENCE. "‘Malice to None, Goodwill to All?’: The Legitimacy of Commonwealth Enforcement." Japanese Journal of Political Science 6, no. 2 (August 2005): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109905001866.

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In the early 1990s, the Commonwealth reformed its political structure to allow interference in domestic affairs of member states. This article examines whether such an institutional transformation has helped the organization to fulfil its purpose to work in the common interests of member countries and of their people. The article demonstrates that, while, as a consequence of post-Cold War globalization, concerns about the Commonwealth's political credibility and public perception have relaxed Commonwealth leaders' reluctance to accept legally binding norms of the organization, strong resistance to Commonwealth interference in internal affairs exists among developing member states. It is argued that, because the new Commonwealth political structure lacks legitimacy and is contrary to the real interests of the majority of members, institutionalizing the Commonwealth has not contributed to the formation of a collective identity among Commonwealth members and to the resolution of the problem of inequality within and without the organization.

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2

Slinn, Peter, and Karen Brewer. "THE COMMONWEALTH PRINCIPLES (LATIMER HOUSE) ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT: TWENTY YEARS ON." Denning Law Journal 30, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v30i2.1700.

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2018 marks the twentieth anniversary of the Latimer House ‘process’ which commenced with the drafting of the Latimer House Guidelines for the Commonwealth on Good Practice Governing Relations between the Executive, Parliament and the Judiciary. Since then the Latimer House Guidelines have been transformed into the Commonwealth Principles (Latimer House) on the Relationship between the Three Branches of Government which have been endorsed by Commonwealth Heads of Government on several occasions. This article assesses the role of the Latimer House process over the last two decades against the background of the Commonwealth’s evolving commitments to good governance and the rule of law. In Part 1 explores the role of the Commonwealth in supporting good governance and the rule of law whilst Part 2 considers and evaluates the Latimer House process itself. Part 3 reviews the development of the Commonwealth Principles in practice whilst in Part 4 some specific implementation issues concerning the Judiciary are discussed. Part 5 considers the future development of the Commonwealth Principles whilst Part 6 provides a conclusion and overview.

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3

Parent, Arnaud. "The Pen and the Scythe: The Peasant Question in the 18th-Century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Writings of Contemporary French Littérateurs." Lithuanian Historical Studies 27, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02701001.

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In the 18th century, people in Western Europe knew very little about the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was perceived as an odd and anarchic regime, where not only did serfdom make agriculture inefficient, it was also a pretext for neighbouring powers to interfere in its domestic affairs. Nevertheless, Enlightenment ideas, spreading little by little, raised the question of the status of the peasants in the Commonwealth. Displaying observations made by French travellers or residents (Chappe d’Auteroche, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Linguet, Jaucourt, Dubois de Jancigny, Caraccioli, Vautrin, Gilibert) on the Commonwealth’s peasantry, and reflections by thinkers (Mably, Rousseau, Baudeau, Le Mercier de la Rivière), the article intends to show how these authors contributed to raising the issue of serfdom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the public sphere, and evaluates their influence on readers both in the Commonwealth and abroad. Although the social and political conditions were not yet there for the complete liberation of the serfs, the littérateurs’ reflections were food for thought for the Polish-Lithuanian elite. Had the Commonwealth not been partitioned, progressive ideas would have taken root, little by little, and the peasants would have gained personal and civic rights, becoming full citizens of their country. Our survey aims to set forth little-known authors, expanding the knowledge of French literature devoted to the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and broadening the historiography on the peasant question in the Commonwealth. The article encompasses: I. French travellers and residents’ accounts of the peasantry of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; II. French educators’ intervention in the debate on serfdom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; III. The reflections of Philosophes and Physiocrats on serfdom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; IV. The reception of French littérateurs’ writings on serfdom in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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4

Morton, David, and Brad Cook. "Evaluators and the enhanced Commonwealth performance framework." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 18, no. 3 (September 2018): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x18795539.

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The enhanced Commonwealth performance framework was introduced on 1 July 2015 under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013. It should allow the Australian Parliament and public to understand the proper use of public resources, whether the accountable authorities of Commonwealth entities and companies are achieving their purposes and who is benefitting from Commonwealth activity. Demonstrating the achievement of purposes amounts to demonstrating outcomes and impacts. It requires Commonwealth entities and companies to move past an over-reliance on input- and output-focused performance measures. There is a clear role for evaluators in helping entities make this important adjustment. The opportunities lie in helping a larger cross-section of the Commonwealth public service understand and use the evaluators’ toolbox – for example, program theory and qualitative analysis – to improve the quality of published performance information available to the Commonwealth’s stakeholders. The evaluation community has the opportunity to become a centre of key expertise, and to make a critical contribution to building the capability of ‘performance professionals’ across the public sector.

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5

Rodger, Jessica. "Colonial Relic or Dynamic Organisation? The Commonwealth of Nations and Conflict Resolution." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v34i1.5798.

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This article examines in detail the ability of the Commonwealth of Nations to resolve conflicts within or between its member States. The organisation has continually emphasised its focus on adaptability, hence the main question of this article is whether or not the Commonwealth has adapted sufficiently to deal with the new kinds of conflict predominant in the world today. After looking at the organisation itself, the article moves on to examine regional organisations and the way in which they have adapted their conflict resolution capabilities in recent years. Specific instances of the Commonwealth's involvement in conflict resolution are also examined. Finally, various recommendations are put forward regarding which areas the Commonwealth needs to work on in order to ensure that it is in fact a dynamic and adaptable conflict resolution body.

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6

Elkes, Sally. "Commonwealth institute's prize essays: The Commonwealth's international role." Round Table 87, no. 345 (January 1998): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358539808454402.

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7

Liner, J. "Commonwealth." Genre 43, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00166928-43-1-2-199.

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8

Parent, Arnaud. "The work of French surgeons in disseminating obstetrics in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century." Acta medica Lituanica 20, no. 3 (November 6, 2013): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v20i3.2725.

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In the second half of the 18th century giving birth was a perilous process in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, partly since obstetrics was not yet a recognised subject. The abolition of the Jesuit Order, which was quite influential in the field of education, provided a good opportunity to reassess the Commonwealth’s educational system. As a result, the Commission of National Education was created, leading to major reforms, especially in the field of medicine. However, because of the lack of specialists in the Commonwealth, it was necessary to search for teachers abroad. Obstetrics was already well developed at that time in France, and the French physicians Pierre Maignan and Nicolas Regnier distinguished themselves by disseminating this science in the Commonwealth. Pierre Maignan was the first person to teach obstetrics at the School of Surgery in Warsaw. But more is known about Nicolas Regnier. In 1775, thanks to his efforts, the first department of childbirth in Lithuania was established, and in 1781 he took charge of the departments of the theory of medicine and obstetrics at the School of Medicine in Vilnius. His lessons demonstrate the knowledge and practices of surgery and obstetrics in the last quarter of 18 century. Pierre Maignan and Nicolas Regnier were pioneers in obstetrics in the Commonwealth. Moreover, they were a good example of the fertile scientific cooperation between France and Poland-Lithuania in the 18th century.

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9

Shaydullaeva, G. Sh. "COMMONWEALTH OF AVESTA AND RIGVEDA." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume02issue11-07.

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This article focuses on the history of early religions. The earliest written sources on the history of Central Asia and Ancient India describe the history and similarities between the creation of the Avesto and the Rig Veda. Avesta and Rigveda give a scientific understanding of the archaeological culture of the Aryans.

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10

James, Alan. "The Commonwealth Secretariat and the contemporary Commonwealth." International Affairs 66, no. 3 (July 1990): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623080.

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11

Watts, Nicholas. "Commonwealth Organisations: Third Pillar of the Commonwealth?" Round Table 107, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2018.1425113.

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12

Twomey, Anne. "Inconsistency between Commonwealth and Territory Laws." Federal Law Review 42, no. 3 (September 2014): 421–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.42.3.1.

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The rules concerning the inconsistency of Commonwealth and territory laws have been little explored and largely neglected. They rose to recent prominence in the challenge to the validity of the ACT's same-sex marriage laws. The ACT claimed that even if the Commonwealth's Marriage Act was intended to cover the field, the ACT's same-sex marriage law could still operate concurrently with it, because of the different application of inconsistency rules in the ACT. This article considers how inconsistency rules operate in the different territories, what was intended by the ACT inconsistency provision, how the High Court determined the issue, and whether a better explanation can be given for the outcome.

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13

Lewis, Thomas J. "Recognizing Rights: Hobbes on the Authority of Mothers and Conquerors." Canadian Journal of Political Science 36, no. 1 (March 2003): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423903778536.

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This article follows Hobbes's distinction between man as the artificer of a commonwealth and man as the material of the commonwealth, by exploring the meaning of natural right and consent from the perspective of an artificer or potential sovereign. From this perspective, natural rights are transformed from alleged attributes of humans into decisions by a victor in war to treat the defeated as if they had natural rights. Similarly, consent is transformed from actions of subjects or citizens into a decision by a victor to recognize the defeated as if they had a right to consent and to treat them as if they had consented. Moreover, Hobbes's concept of a commonwealth by institution is understood as a definitional standard for the creation of commonwealths by force or acquisition, rather than as a possible historical event. Hobbes sought to explain and substantiate this view of natural right and consent by comparing the emergence of political authority from victory in war to the emergence of authority of a mother over her infant in a state of nature. According to Hobbes, just as maternal authority rests on a mother's recognition of the right of her infant to consent, political authority rests on the victor's recognition of the right of the defeated to consent. The practical policy thrust of Hobbes's thought emerges from his comparison of the authority of mothers and conquerors.

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14

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth Bookshop." Round Table 110, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1902154.

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15

Gruenbaum, Oren. "Commonwealth Update." Round Table 110, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1880064.

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16

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth Bookshop." Round Table 110, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1876319.

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17

Gruenbaum, Oren. "Commonwealth Update." Round Table 110, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1907035.

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18

Pache, Walter, and Jurgen Schafer. "Commonwealth-Literatur." Modern Language Review 80, no. 3 (July 1985): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3729319.

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19

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 111, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2022.2105525.

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20

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 111, no. 2 (March 4, 2022): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2022.2058785.

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21

Sergei Naryshkin. "COMMONWEALTH LESSONS." Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, The 68, no. 036 (September 5, 2016): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.47285870.

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22

Whitworth, Judith A. "Commonwealth initiatives." Medical Journal of Australia 170, no. 10 (May 1999): 508–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb127861.x.

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23

Duggan, John M. "Commonwealth initiatives." Medical Journal of Australia 170, no. 10 (May 1999): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb127862.x.

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24

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 110, no. 5 (September 3, 2021): 632–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1984647.

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25

Carniel, Jess. "Commonwealth Princess?" Persona Studies 7, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/psj2021vol7no1art1459.

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Prior to the Sussexes’ departure from their roles as senior royals, there was a significant attempt to construct for the Duchess of Sussex the persona of the “Commonwealth Princess”. There were two main purposes to this persona. The first was to use both the Duke and Duchess of Sussex and their popularity to leverage a more modern face to monarchy in the Commonwealth. The second purpose, stemming from this, was to maintain and strengthen contemporary relations with Commonwealth nations. Markle’s biracial identity was an important part of this strategy and persona as it became a means to connect to colonised people of colour.

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26

Gruenbaum, Oren. "Commonwealth Update." Round Table 110, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.2013053.

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27

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth Bookshelf." Round Table 110, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 756–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.2011029.

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28

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth Bookshelf." Round Table 110, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1932265.

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29

Gruenbaum, Oren. "Commonwealth Update." Round Table 110, no. 4 (July 4, 2021): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1959701.

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30

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 110, no. 4 (July 4, 2021): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1954816.

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31

Barringer, Terry A. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 111, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2022.2036038.

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32

Gruenbaum, Oren. "Commonwealth Update." Round Table 110, no. 5 (September 3, 2021): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2021.1985754.

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33

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 75, no. 300 (October 1986): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538408453783.

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34

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 74, no. 294 (April 1985): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538508453695.

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35

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 74, no. 294 (April 1985): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538508453696.

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36

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 74, no. 295 (July 1985): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538508453709.

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37

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 74, no. 295 (July 1985): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538508453711.

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38

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 74, no. 296 (October 1985): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538508453725.

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39

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 74, no. 296 (October 1985): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538508453726.

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40

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 75, no. 297 (January 1986): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453737.

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41

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 75, no. 297 (January 1986): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453738.

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42

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 75, no. 298 (April 1986): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453751.

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43

Blake, David. "Commonwealth publications." Round Table 75, no. 298 (April 1986): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453752.

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44

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 75, no. 299 (July 1986): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453765.

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45

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 75, no. 299 (July 1986): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453766.

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46

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 75, no. 300 (October 1986): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538608453780.

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47

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 76, no. 301 (January 1987): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538708453796.

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48

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 76, no. 301 (January 1987): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538708453797.

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49

Ingram, Derek. "Commonwealth notebook." Round Table 76, no. 302 (April 1987): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538708453813.

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50

Blake, David. "Commonwealth bookshelf." Round Table 76, no. 302 (April 1987): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358538708453815.

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