Journal articles: 'Commonwealth/State'

1

Hewson, John. "Commonwealth-State Relations." Australian Quarterly 63, no. 1 (1991): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20635610.

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2

Garnaut, Ross, and Vince FitzGerald. "Issues in Commonwealth-State Funding." Australian Economic Review 35, no. 3 (September 2002): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.00245.

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3

Collinson, Patrick. "‘The State as Monarchical Commonwealth’: ‘Tudor’ England." Journal of Historical Sociology 15, no. 1 (March 2002): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6443.00169.

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Layton‐Henry, Zig. "The state and commonwealth immigration: 1951–56." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 14, no. 1-2 (September 1987): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1987.9976029.

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Purashwani, Pushpendra, and Atul Atul. "Analysis of State Anxiety among International Table Tennis Umpires during Commonwealth Table Tennis Championship." International Journal of Physical Education & Sports Sciences 13, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/13/57684.

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Lynch, T. P., C. B. Smallwood, F. A. Ochwada-Doyle, J. Lyle, J. Williams, K. L. Ryan, C. Devine, B. Gibson, and A. Jordan. "A cross continental scale comparison of Australian offshore recreational fisheries research and its applications to Marine Park and fisheries management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 1190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz092.

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Abstract Recreational fishing is popular in Australia and is managed by individual states in consultation with the Commonwealth for those fisheries that they regulate and also for Australian Marine Parks (AMPs). Fishers regularly access both state and offshore Commonwealth waters but this offshore component of the recreational fishery is poorly understood. Our study tested the functionality of existing state-based surveys in Western Australia (WA) and New South Wales (NSW) to better inform Commonwealth fisheries and AMP managers about recreational fishing in their jurisdictions. Catch estimates for nine species of interest to the Commonwealth were developed and two case study AMPs [Ningaloo (WA) and The Hunter (NSW)] were also chosen to test the ability of the state survey data to be disaggregated to the park scale. As each state’s fishery survey designs were contextual to their own management needs, the application of the data to Commonwealth jurisdictions were limited by their statistical power, however aspects of each states surveys still provided useful information. Continued evolution of state-wide survey methods, including collection of precise spatial data, and regional over-sampling would be beneficial, particularly where there are multiple stakeholder and jurisdictional interests. National coordination, to temporally align state surveys, would also add value to the existing approaches.

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7

Coldham, Simon. "Legal Responses to State Corruption in Commonwealth Africa." Journal of African Law 39, no. 2 (1995): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006276.

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Few countries in the world can claim to be free from corruption and none of these is to be found in Commonwealth Africa. Even though administrative incorruptibility was one of the boasts of the British colonial service, low-level corruption was common during the colonial period and indeed served to bolster the colonial system. Since African states obtained political independence, levels of corruption have markedly increased, regardless of official ideology or economic approach, and in many countries corruption is both pervasive and endemic. Changes of government are often accompanied and, in the case of military coups, justified by commitments to eradicate the corrupt practices that allegedly characterized the previous regime. Corruption is an obstacle to economic development and to political integration, and most African governments (cynically or not) avow the need to combat it. Pressure on governments to act has increased in recent years and comes from two sources. The emergence of pro-democracy forces has drawn large numbers of people into the arena of political debate and organization and this in turn has led to demands for openness and accountability on the part of government. Moreover, foreign donors and international financial institutions are today less willing to condone corrupt practices on the part of African governments. They stress the importance of good governance and accountability and the need to link economic reconstruction with institutional reform.

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8

Weller, Patrick. "Commonwealth—State Reform Processes: a Policy Management Review." Australian Journal of Public Administration 55, no. 1 (March 1996): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1996.tb01188.x.

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A. McAlpine, C., A. Peterson, and P. Norman. "The South East Queensland Forests Agreement: Lessons for Biodiversity Conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 1 (2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050003.

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In Australia, regional forest agreements formed the cornerstone of strategies for resolving disputes over the logging of native forests in the last decade of the twentieth century. These disputes, driven by an increasingly vocal and influential conservation movement, coincided with changes in the nature of relationships between Commonwealth and State Governments, with the Commonwealth adopting an increasing role in environmental management (Lane 1999). Following very public disputes about the renewal of export woodchip licenses from native forests (which culminated in log truck blockades of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra), the Commonwealth Government adopted regional forest agreements as the mechanism for achieving sustainable management of Australia?s native hardwood forests. This was underpinned by the National Forest Policy Statement (Commonwealth of Australia 1992), which outlined principles for ecologically sustainable management of the nation?s production forests. The Commonwealth and several State Governments reached agreement to develop regional forest agreements (RFAs) for the long-term management and use of forests in ten regions (Fig. 1) (Commonwealth of Australia 2004). Key goals of the agreement were to: reconcile competing commercial, ecological and societal demands on forests in a way that was consistent with the principles and goals of ecologically sustainable forest management (Davey et al. 1997, 2002; Lane 1999); and to establish a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system, based on the nationallyagreed JANIS criteria (JANIS 1997).

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10

Leskova, I. V. "Economic integration of the countries of the commonwealth of independent states: the current state and outlook." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 14, no. 3 (2015): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2015-14-3-2-34-39.

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Shogren, Diana. "REGIONALISATION OF COMMONWEALTH ACTIVITIES FROM A STATE MANAGER'S PERSPECTIVE." Australian Journal of Public Administration 50, no. 2 (June 1991): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1991.tb02463.x.

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12

Wines, Graeme, and Helen Scarborough. "Comparing Australian Commonwealth, State and Territory Budget Balance Numbers." Australian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 3 (September 2006): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2006.00495a.x.

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13

Timo, Nils. "Future directions for workplace bargaining and aged care under a post 2005 Howard government." Australian Health Review 29, no. 3 (2005): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050274.

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ON THE 1ST OF JULY 2005, the Howard Government took control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate and substantial reform of the nation?s industrial relations framework is likely to proceed. In order to understand the implications of the proposed industrial relations (IR) reform agenda on aged care, it is necessary to briefly revisit the past. Historically, the ability of the Commonwealth Parliament to regulate industrial relations was construed in the context of Section 51 (xxxv) of the Australian Constitution Act 1900 (Cwlth) that enabled the Commonwealth to make laws concerning ?conciliation and arbitration and the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one state?. Since 1904, the Commonwealth, with the states following shortly thereafter, established a regime of industrial tribunals responsible for third party independent conciliation and arbitration, overseeing a system of legally binding industrial awards covering wages and employment conditions. This system, in the words of one of its chief architects, Justice Higgins, ? . . . would substitute for the rude and barbarous processes of strike and lock-out?1 (page 2). By 1991, Australian wages policy gradually shifted from centralised arbitration, elevating workplace agreements to the status of government policy on both sides of politics.2 This process accelerated labour market deregulation, shifting industrial relations and human resource issues to the enterprise level.3 The shift towards workplace agreements post 1990?s was underpinned by a bold reinterpretation of Section 51 (xx) of the Constitution Act that enabled the Commonwealth to regulate the affairs of ?trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth?, thus, by definition, including regulating employee relations of corporations. The use by the Commonwealth of these powers has extended the jurisdiction of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) to include the making and approving of certified agreements made by constitutional corporations or in settlement of an industrial dispute. Other types of employers such as sole traders, churches and charities, partnerships and unincorporated associations remained covered by state industrial jurisdictions. (On these powers of the Commonwealth, see State of

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14

Stephenson, Peta. "Fertile Ground for Federalism? Internal Security, the States and Section 119 of the Constitution." Federal Law Review 43, no. 2 (June 2015): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.43.2.5.

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Section 119 of the Australian Constitution confers a duty on the Commonwealth to protect the states against invasion. It also directs the Commonwealth to protect the states against domestic violence when an application is made by a state government. This article contends that there are compelling reasons to construe this second limb of s 119 as a federal constraint on the power of the Commonwealth to call out the military domestically. This interpretation of s 119 is consistent with the plain meaning and constitutional context of the provision and it coheres well with the High Court's revival of interpretive federalism.

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15

Durrenberger, E. Paul. "Stratification without a state: The collapse of the Icelandic commonwealth*." Ethnos 53, no. 3-4 (January 1988): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1988.9981372.

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16

Bryan, Anthony. "Guyana: the fast rising Commonwealth petro state. What lies ahead?" Round Table 109, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2020.1715107.

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17

Johnson, David. "Introduction to the Policy Forum on Commonwealth-State Funding Arrangements." Australian Economic Review 35, no. 3 (September 2002): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.00244.

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18

Fenna, Alan. "The Malaise of Federalism: Comparative Reflections on Commonwealth?State Relations." Australian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 3 (September 2007): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2007.00551.x.

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19

Glabisz, Grzegorz. "“How can we free ourselves from this despotic Moscow oppression?” The attitude of Poznan and Kalisz voivodeships noblemen towards the Russian army actions in the years 1758-1759. Contribution to the history of the Seven Years’ War." Open Military Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2020-0111.

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Abstract The aim of the text is to show the attitude of the nobility from the Poznan and Kalisz provinces in the years 1758-1759 during the Seven Years’ War. This area, despite the neutrality of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, became a place of Prussian-Russian fighting. The article is a contribution to reflection on the functioning of the political elites and state structures of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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20

Twomey, Anne. "El cambio de las normas sobre la sucesión al trono = Changing the rules of succession to the throne." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 31 (January 1, 2013): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.31.2013.10305.

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Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar los problemas de un posible cambio en las normas de sucesión al Trono del Reino Unido ¿para ello necesitaría el Reino Unido consultar u obtener el consentimiento de los restantes Reinos de la Commonwealth en los que Isabel II es Jefe del Estado? ¿La ley británica de reforma de las normas de sucesión tendría efecto en esos otros Reinos? ¿Qué dificultades se presentan en cada uno de ellos de cara a modificar sus leyes o constituciones en relación a la sucesión del trono de su Estado?This paper analyzes the problems that UK faces on changing the rules of succession to the Throne. Must UK consult with or seek the consent of other Commonwealth Realms of which Elisabeth II is Head of State? Would a British legislative change to the rules of succession have any impact upon these Realms? What difficulties might Commonwealth Realms face in changing their own law and Constitutions regarding succession to the Throne of their State?

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21

Kennedy, Michael. "Chicanery and candour: the Irish Free State and the Geneva Protocol, 1924–5." Irish Historical Studies 29, no. 115 (May 1995): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400011883.

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The foreign policy of the Irish Free State under the Cumann na nGaedheal administrations of 1922–32 was a far more complex issue than has generally been realised. Policy had a greater scope than simply Anglo-Irish relations. It had two basic foundations. Through the 1921 treaty, the state reluctantly joined the British Commonwealth. Then, with great deliberation, the Free State joined the League of Nations, being admitted on 10 September 1923. By developing an active multidimensional foreign policy using these structures, the new state sought to show its ‘international’ and European credentials. The Irish Free State was to carve out a small niche for itself in the post-Versailles world order. An analysis of the Free State’s response to the Geneva Protocol of 1924 provides a case study of this multifaceted foreign policy in action.As the foundations of Irish foreign policy in the 1920s, the League and the Commonwealth were played off against each other. A prominent stance at the League indicated that although the Free State was a dominion, it was not tied to the imperial line and could act independently to secure its own interests. The Free State’s position as a radical dominion was emphasised through League membership as the state used its independence at the League in the 1920s to develop the concept of the Commonwealth as a looser international grouping of equals. This approach to foreign policy served to benefit both core aspects of the state’s foreign relations. Generally these two core aspects of foreign policy complemented each other.

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22

Lightfoot, Diane. "The history of Public Health Diagnostic Microbiology in Australia: early days until 1990." Microbiology Australia 38, no. 4 (2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma17056.

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The arrival of the First Fleet in Port Jackson in 1788, and the subsequent establishment of the colony of NSW began the history of the Australian public health system. Prior to Federation each state dealt with their own public health issues and much of the microbiological analysis was performed in the early hospitals and medical school departments of universities. Today, as there is no central Laboratory for the Commonwealth of Australia, each Australian state is responsible for the microbiological testing relevant to public health. However, because of various Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health initiatives, the Australian Government Department of Health is responsible for the overall public health of Australians.

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Latimer, Paul. "It's Time for Federal Regulation of Retirement Villages." Federal Law Review 45, no. 3 (September 2017): 469–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.45.3.5.

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As Australia's population ages, increasing numbers of seniors move to a growing number of retirement villages. Unlike time shares, which are ‘managed investment schemes’ and therefore regulated as ‘financial products’ under corporate law administered nationally by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), the Commonwealth withdrew from the regulation of retirement villages in the 1980s on the basis that at that time they were local, usually run by religious bodies and charities and were not of national concern. The regulation of retirement villages was taken over by the states and territories under their non-uniform Retirement Villages Acts and the common law. Until then retirement villages, often indistinguishable from Commonwealth regulated timeshares, were regulated in the original State and Territory Uniform Companies Acts in 1961 as ‘interests’, and then in later Commonwealth legislation as ‘prescribed interests’ by the forebear of ASIC, the then National Companies and Securities Commission (NCSC) with the State and Territory Corporate Affairs Commissions as its ‘delegates’. Today retirement villages, which are largely owned and managed by the corporate sector, raise many issues of national concern such as accountability, fees and the rights of residents. Some aspects of retirement villages such as directors’ duties, fundraising, prospectuses and unregistered schemes are regulated as corporations by ASIC under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), but retirement villages are not regulated as ‘financial products’ under corporate law. This article challenges the effectiveness of state and territory regulation of retirement villages and calls for federal regulation of retirement villages by bringing retirement villages into the definition of ‘financial product’ in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) and in the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 (Cth). As financial products, retirement villages would then be regulated by Commonwealth legislation which deals with financial services and financial markets, as regulated by ASIC. These laws include consumer protection provisions such as the prohibition of misleading or deceptive conduct, unfair contract terms, unconscionable conduct, licensing and high standards for those in the retirement village industry. This would result in a return to Commonwealth leadership of the regulation of retirement villages to harmonise and to consolidate the current mix of state and territory regulation with federal legislation including an enforceable Retirement Villages Code of Conduct.

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Yonghua, Zhao. "The Role of the Media in the Process of “Color Revolutions” in the Cis." Transcultural Studies 9, no. 1 (2013): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23751606-00901010.

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The main cause of "color revolutions" in the Commonwealth (CIS) countries is the political and economic crisis. The media policies, an-ti-government opinion and western media precipitaed the event. This article discusses the importance and influence of media on the pro-gress of "color revolutions" based on patterns of media and political reforms in the state, industrial development of mass media and media strategy of the Western States (as an example the U.S.) in relation to Commonwealth (CIS) countries.

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25

Row, Richard, and Alan Duhs. "The National Gst and Commonwealth-State Financial Relations: A Neglected Issue." Economic Analysis and Policy 31, no. 1 (March 2001): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0313-5926(01)50005-3.

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26

Lindenfeld, Frank. "The Cooperative Commonwealth: An Alternative to Corporate Capitalism and State Socialism." Humanity & Society 27, no. 4 (November 2003): 578–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059760302700416.

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Lindenfeld, Frank. "The Cooperative Commonwealth: An Alternative to Corporate Capitalism and State Socialism." Humanity & Society 21, no. 1 (February 1997): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059769702100102.

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Butcher, John. "The Commonwealth-State Disability Agreement: A Case Study in New Federalism?" Australian Quarterly 63, no. 3 (1991): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20635636.

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29

Hagan, Christine. "PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT COURSE: A COMMONWEALTH, STATE AND TERRITORY JOINT VENTURE." Australian Journal of Public Administration 50, no. 2 (June 1991): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1991.tb02472.x.

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Muhammad, Ali, and Amalia Nurul Hutami. "Why did Rwanda join British Commonwealth?" Nation State: Journal of International Studies 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.v4i1.454.

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This article aims to examine Rwanda's foreign policy decision to join the British Commonwealth. Rwanda was former French colony and has historic association with Francophone countries. But the country decided to join the British Commonwealth in 2009. Using theory of foreign policy decision making, it argues that the shift of Rwanda’s foreign policy was caused by the political transition in Rwanda’s domestic politics, its economy condition in the post-genocide epoch as well as the international context which included Rwanda’s geographic position and the role of the United Kingdom in aiding Rwanda’s state-building in the aftermath of the genocide. This research uses qualitative method and uses secondary data such as, books, articles, journals, e-news, reports and other library sources.

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31

Sanger, Andrew. "THE LIMITS OF STATE AND DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY IN EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES." Cambridge Law Journal 77, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197318000120.

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TWO decisions of the Supreme Court – Benkharbouche v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs [2017] UKSC 62, [2017] 3 W.L.R. 957, and Reyes v Al-Malki [2017] UKSC 61, [2017] 3 W.L.R. 923 – demonstrate the limitations of state and diplomatic immunity in employment disputes, and raise important questions concerning the interaction between immunity and other rules of international law.

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Clibborn, Stephen. "Australian industrial relations in 2019: The year wage theft went mainstream." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 3 (April 7, 2020): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620913889.

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This article introduces the Journal of Industrial Relations’ Annual Review of Industrial Relations in 2019. It provides an overview of the six Annual Review articles, an international review and a practitioner review. Wage theft and other forms of employer non-compliance with minimum wage laws evolved into a major issue in 2019, with household brands bringing it to media prominence and state and Commonwealth governments exploring criminal sanctions for employers. For these reasons, this article focuses on wage theft and other employer non-compliance, interrogating in particular the Commonwealth government’s response.

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Alladin, Terrence, and Don Hummer. "The Relationship Between Individual Characteristics, Quality of Confinement and Recidivism by Offenders Released From Privately and Publicly Managed Residential Community Corrections Facilities." Prison Journal 98, no. 5 (August 18, 2018): 560–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885518793950.

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This study examines Commonwealth of Pennsylvania state prison data on inmates released to a term of residential community corrections in either a publicly or privately managed institution ( n = 7,204). Analyses indicate significant associations of race, facility orderliness, extent of educational/vocational programming, and type of facility management (Commonwealth or a private provider) with an offender’s subsequent reincarceration. Results demonstrate that private entity cost efficiency and effectiveness claims are not supported, and the growth of the private sector in Pennsylvania residential community corrections may even be having a detrimental effect on desistence efforts.

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Swerissen, Hal. "Editorial." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 1 (2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02001.

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Gis, Kacper. "One state that emerged from others. The image of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Alessandro Guagnini’s writings." Open Political Science 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2019-0018.

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AbstractResearch concerning the history of government and administration should be based not only on historical documents (like legal acts) but also narrative or literary sources such as chronicles. These texts contain large amounts of information about old forms of administration. A good example of that kind of narrative source is the description of European Sarmatia written by Alessandro Guagnini. The author of this text was Italian, who lived in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the turn of sixteenth and seventeenth century. This text was a historical and geographical relation about the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and its neighbours. It was reprinted in different editions and in few languages having a considerable impact on a perception of abovementioned state and even Central and Eastern Europe as well.In modern times Guagnini’s works have been quite forgotten, nevertheless its renewed analysis leads to interesting information at various levels. One of them is presentation of government model in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The described state consisted of few great regions each of which had its own administrative division, history and customs. Together they merged into a great political entity ruled by one monarch and approaching unification.The purpose of this article is to present administrative division in the pages of the described chronicle and how that division was ideologically legitimated by appealing to ancient Sarmatia.

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Stewart, John. "The Expulsion of South Africa and Rhodesia from the Commonwealth Medical Association, 1947–70." Medical History 61, no. 4 (September 13, 2017): 548–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2017.58.

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In 1970 the medical associations of South Africa and Rhodesia (now, Zimbabwe) were expelled from the Commonwealth Medical Association. The latter had been set up, as the British Medical Commonwealth Medical Conference, in the late 1940s by the British Medical Association (BMA). These expulsions, and the events leading up to them, are the central focus of this article. The BMA’s original intention was to establish an organisation bringing together the medical associations of the constituent parts of the expanding Commonwealth. Among the new body’s preoccupations was the relationship between the medical profession and the state in the associations’ respective countries. It thus has to be seen as primarily a medico-political organisation rather than one concerned with medicine per se. Although, there were also tensions from the outset regarding the membership of the Southern African medical associations. Such stresses notwithstanding, these two organisations remained in the BMA-sponsored body even after South Africa and Rhodesia had left the Commonwealth. This was not, however, a situation which could outlast the growing number of African associations which joined in the wake of decolonisation; and hardening attitudes towards apartheid. The article therefore considers: why the BMA set up this Commonwealth body in the first place and what it hoped to achieve; the history of the problems associated with South African and Rhodesian membership; and how their associations came to be expelled.

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Latham, Ian. "Case in Re Moore and Others; Ex Parte New South Wales Public Service Professional Officers' Association and Another." Federal Law Review 15, no. 4 (December 1985): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x8501500404.

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Industrial Law (Cth) — Restraint of State industrial commission jurisdiction — Validity of restraining order - Necessity to specify what matter is removed from State jurisdiction — Requirement of interstate industrial dispute for valid restraining order — Relationship between matter and parties — Validity of empowering Commonwealth provision — Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904 (Cth) s 66

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Danowska, Ewa. "Zapobieganie i walka z epidemiami na południowo-wschodniej granicy Rzeczypospolitej za czasów króla Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego." Studia Historyczne 60, no. 1 (237) (December 28, 2018): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.60.2017.01.02.

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Prevention and Struggle Against Epidemics on the South-Eastern Borderlands of the Commonwealth in the Times of Stanisław August Poniatowski Epidemics posed serious threat in the 18th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their most common appearance was evidenced in the south-eastern borderlands, and they often spread towards the center of the state with the movement of merchants and the military. In order to prevent the spread of these, a special quarantine houses were established on the borders. It were mainly the borderland magnates, as well as the state territorial administration headed by the Committee of Royal Treasury, that took a lead in work towards prevention of the epidemics. In the times of Stanisław August Poniatowski the most important quarantine houses functioned in Mohylew, Bałta, Białogród, Żwaniec and Jampol.

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Pendoley, K. L. "ENVIRONMENT UPDATE: 1998 REVIEW, 1999 OUTLOOK." APPEA Journal 39, no. 2 (1999): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98064.

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The steady growth and evolution of environmental legislation over the past 10 years has resulted in 'environment' earning its own line in project critical path analysis and scheduling. Regulatory changes throughout 1998 and projected for 1999 ensure that environment will remain firmly entrenched on the collective corporate planning agendas of oil and gas exploration and production companies nationally. By the end of 1999 every state and territory is expected to have environmental protection legislation in place, while proposed legislative changes at the Commonwealth level indicates a possible increased involvement of Federal environmental agencies in industry activities in both state and Commonwealth jurisdictions. Industry is watching carefully the direction that will be taken by regulators in drafting current and future legislation. Industry and some government agencies favour an objective-based, self-regulating system over prescriptive regulations.

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Malyshev, D. "The Commonwealth of Independent States: Thirty Years Together." Russia and New States of Eurasia, no. 1 (2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2073-4786-2021-1-9-22.

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The article analyzes the main key events in the development of the thirty-year history of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as the main structure operating in the post-Soviet space. The main stages of the formation of the CIS as a full-fledged international organization are shown; the characteristics of its structure and statutory bodies are given. Special attention is paid to the essential aspects of the development of the CIS in 2020–2021, as well as the current state of this organization, the direction of its activities in the context of overcoming the negative consequences of the coronavirus pandemic. The possible alternatives for the development of the Commonwealth in the near future have been predicted.

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Neal T. Dugre. "Church, State, and Commonwealth: The Transatlantic Puritan Movement in England and America." William and Mary Quarterly 74, no. 2 (2017): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.74.2.0344.

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Parkin, Andrew, and Geoff Anderson. "The Howard Government, Regulatory Federalism and the Transformation of Commonwealth–State Relations." Australian Journal of Political Science 42, no. 2 (June 2007): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361140701320034.

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43

Evriviades, Euripides L. "Cyprus as an EU and Commonwealth Member State: Its Hopes and Ambitions." Round Table 107, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2018.1455127.

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Mandle, Jay R., and Joan D. Mandle. "Basketball, Civil Society and the Post Colonial State in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 14, no. 2 (September 1990): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019372359001400201.

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Hanks, Peter. "“Inconsistent” Commonwealth and State Laws: Centralizing Government Power in the Australian Federation." Federal Law Review 16, no. 2 (June 1986): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x8601600201.

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Lee, H. P. "Commonwealth Liability to State Law — the Enigmatic Case of Pirrie v McFarlane." Federal Law Review 17, no. 2 (June 1987): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x8701700203.

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Braddock, Robert C., and Alan G. R. Smith. "The Emergence of a Nation State: The Commonwealth of England, 1529-1660." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 30, no. 2 (1998): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4053536.

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Craig, Gordon. "A COMMONWEALTH/STATE GROWTH CENTRE SUCCESS STORY AND OPPORTUNITY FOR THE FUTURE." Australian Planner 28, no. 3 (September 1990): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1990.9657467.

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Sergei, Prozorov. "Towards a Post-Hobbesian Political Community?" Hobbes Studies 28, no. 1 (April 24, 2015): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-02801005.

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The article addresses the attempts of contemporary continental philosophy to develop a politics that would move beyond the Hobbesian logic of the constitution of political community. In their readings of Hobbes, Roberto Esposito and Giorgio Agamben emphasize the nihilistic character of Hobbes’s approach to community. For Esposito, Hobbes’s commonwealth is legitimized by a prior negation of the originary human community in the construction of the state of nature as the state of war. Yet, as Agamben shows, this negative state of nature is never fully transcended by the commonwealth, which persistently reproduces it in the state of exception. These critiques emphasize the complex relation between nature and artifice in Hobbes’s thought, which have profound implications for the attempts to arrive at a ‘post-Hobbesian’ mode of political community. Neither a facile search for a truer, more fundamental state of nature nor an affirmation of artifice and denaturation as constitutive of human community are sufficient to evade the Hobbesian constellation. A genuine move beyond Hobbes would rather consist in thoroughly deactivating the very relation between nature and artifice whereby they become indistinct and no longer negate each other.

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Jackson, Margaret. "The effect of the proposed national data protection regime on the health sector in Australia." Australian Health Review 20, no. 1 (1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah970001.

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The Commonwealth Government and a number of State governments are proposingto introduce legislation based on the Information Privacy Principles contained in thePrivacy Act 1988 (Cwlth). This will allow individuals access to any personalinformation held on them by any organisation or person, including privatepractitioners, private health facilities and State government agencies. This articlediscusses this proposed legislation and its implications for the health sector.Although in the public health area patients can already gain access to their medicalrecords through the use of the various Freedom of Information Acts and, in the caseof Commonwealth government agencies, the Privacy Act 1988 (Cwlth), the proposeddata protection legislation will provide more than access rights to individuals. Theeffect of the proposed legislation on the private sector, where no obligation exists onthe part of the doctor to grant a patient access to his or her records, will be substantial.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Commonwealth/State'

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