Journal articles: 'Commons-based peer production'

1

Benkler, Yochai, and Helen Nissenbaum. "Commons-based Peer Production and Virtue." Journal of Political Philosophy 14, no. 4 (December 2006): 394–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2006.00235.x.

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Bauwens, Michel, and Alekos Pantazis. "The ecosystem of commons-based peer production and its transformative dynamics." Sociological Review 66, no. 2 (March 2018): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026118758532.

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This essay discusses peer-to-peer social dynamics and the relevant technological infrastructures that enable new modes of production. Commons-based peer production is presented as an alternative to the profit-driven peer-to-peer production models of the digital economy. The latter models utilize the peer-to-peer dynamics to harness social creativity, collaboration and information sharing. The created value is then captured and valorized towards profit maximization. This essay argues that there are possibilities for moving away from such extractive models to more generative ones. Commons-based peer production seems to encapsulate both social and environmental sustainability, and thus has the potential to influence such a transition. As commons-based peer production cannot yet reproduce itself outside of a mutual dependence on capitalism, it risks being subordinated. To counter this, a commons-oriented solid and protective ecosystem is needed to fully unleash the creative capabilities of commons-based peer production.

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Papadimitropoulos, Vangelis. "Commons-Based Peer Production in the Work of Yochai Benkler." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 16, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 835–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1009.

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Yochai Benkler defines commons-based peer production as a non-market sector of information, knowledge and cultural production, which is not treated as private property but as an ethic of open sharing and co-operation, and is largely enhanced by the Internet and free/open source software. This paper makes the case that there is a tension between Benkler’s liberal commitments and his anarchistic vision of the commons. Benkler limits the scope of commons-based peer production to the immaterial production of the digital commons, while paradoxically envisaging the control of the world economy by the commons. This paradox reflects a deeper lacuna in his work, revealing the absence of a concrete strategy as to how the immaterial production of the digital commons can connect to material production and control the world economy. The paper concludes with an enquiry into some of the latest efforts in the literature to fill this gap.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Stelios Stavroulakis. "THE PARODY OF THE COMMONS." P2P E INOVAÇÃO 2, no. 2 (April 17, 2016): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2016v2n2.p28-51.

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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extraeconomic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Stelios Stavroulakis. "The Parody of the Commons." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, no. 2 (August 23, 2013): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v11i2.484.

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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extra-economic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons-based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Stelios Stavroulakis. "The Parody of the Commons." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, no. 2 (August 23, 2013): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol11iss2pp412-424.

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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extra-economic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons-based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Wolfgang Drechsler. "Commons-based peer production and artistic expression: Two cases from Greece." New Media & Society 17, no. 5 (November 15, 2013): 740–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444813511929.

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Menking, Amanda, and David W. McDonald. "Image Wishlist: Context and Images in Commons-Based Peer Production Communities." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW2 (October 14, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3415249.

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Pentzold, Christian. "Mundane work for utopian ends: Freeing digital materials in peer production." New Media & Society 23, no. 4 (April 2021): 816–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820954203.

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This article studies the online encyclopedia Wikipedia as a core example of the storage and sharing of commons-based digital materials. It focuses on the voluntary, day-to-day activities of its editors as they gather and transform digital information goods that are made available free of charge. Using the notion of articulation work, I stress the effort that goes into accommodating the engagement with the encyclopedia within the contributors’ media-suffused daily routines. Then, the article discusses the typical practices of transcribing, republishing, and relicensing through which the transition from non-free ownership to freely shared property is brought about. Finally, the freedom that is inherent in the modification of the legal status of ideas and artifacts and their public circulation requires us to interrogate the ethical implications of the digital commons collected and spread by Wikipedians.

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Siefkes, Christian. "Ist Commonismus Kommunismus?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 39, no. 155 (June 1, 2009): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v39i155.432.

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During the last decades, a new mode of production has emerged, for which names such as "commons-based peer production," "cornmonism," and "peer economi' have been proposed, This article explores the main characteristics of this mode of prodnction and discusses the relationship between commonism and communism: if communism is "the real movement which abolishes the present state of things", can commonism become the mode of production which allows this movement to realize this purpose?

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Robra, Ben, Alex Pazaitis, and Kostas Latoufis. "Counter-Hegemonic Decision Premises in Commons-Based Peer Production: A Degrowth Case Study." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 19, no. 2 (September 4, 2021): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v19i2.1264.

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Capitalism is evidently the main cause of ecological degradation, climate change and social inequality. Degrowth as a counter-hegemony opposes the capitalist imperatives of economic growth and capital accumulation and radically seeks to transform society towards sustainability. This has strong political economic implications. Economic organisations and modes of production are essential in overcoming capitalist hegemony. This article investigates two commons-based peer production (CBPP) organisations in a qualitative case study by asking how they could align with degrowth counter-hegemony to help overcome capitalism. Social systems theory is used as an organisational lens to empirically research decision premises and their degrowth counter-hegemonic alignment. The results show that this alignment is possible in relatively small organisations. However, to help degrowth succeed, CBPP needs to be more widely adopted, for which larger organisations seem better equipped. Future studies focusing on the concept of scaling wide in CBPP networks in the context of degrowth counter-hegemony are suggested.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, Vasilis Niaros, and Christos Giotitsas. "Production and governance in hackerspaces: A manifestation of Commons-based peer production in the physical realm?" International Journal of Cultural Studies 18, no. 5 (February 13, 2014): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877913519310.

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Wang, Rong. "Motivation, governance, efficacy and contribution: a social practice model of commons-based peer production." International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations 20, no. 3 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnvo.2019.100179.

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Wang, Rong. "Motivation, governance, efficacy and contribution: a social practice model of commons-based peer production." International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations 20, no. 3 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnvo.2019.10021875.

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Robra, Ben, Pasi Heikkurinen, and Iana Nesterova. "Commons-based peer production for degrowth? - The case for eco-sufficiency in economic organisations." Sustainable Futures 2 (2020): 100035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2020.100035.

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Schmitz, Luki Sarah. "Partizipation als Legitimationsnorm: Ambivalenzen digitaler Arbeits- und Produktionsformen aus geschlechtersensibler Perspektive." Raumstrukturen und Geschlechterordnungen 12, no. 1-2020 (March 17, 2020): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/gender.v12i1.07.

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Der Beitrag setzt sich aus geschlechtertheoretischer Perspektive mit ambivalenten Folgen von Digitalisierungsprozessen auf Arbeits- und Produktionsformen auseinander. Im Zentrum stehen dabei Crowdwork und Commons-based Peer Production als zwei Formen, die je unterschiedliche Narrative der Partizipation in sich tragen. Im Verlauf der Analyse wird deutlich, dass der zugrunde liegende Partizipationsimperativ in einen paradoxalen Umschlag führt, der entgegen der Hoffnung nach mehr Autonomie, Selbstgestaltung und Flexibilität, verschiedene Formen von Prekarität nach sich zieht. Die darin enthaltene geschlechtliche Dimension wird herausgearbeitet und Erklärungen für die Paradoxie gegeben.

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Yu, Yihan, and David W. McDonald. ""Why do you need 400 photographs of 400 different Lockheed Constellation?": Value Expressions by Contributors and Users of Wikimedia Commons." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (September 28, 2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610094.

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Understanding the values that collaborators bring to a collaboration is important for the design of new systems. In collaborative systems understanding differing values could help design solutions to mitigate conflicts and more effectively coordinate collaboration. We review prior studies of Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP) identifying four common value dimensions previously noted as present in CBPP: usage value, social value, ideological value, and monetary value. We use this synthetic framework to analyze a dataset of 32 interviews with contributors to Wikimedia Commons and editors of Wikipedia who use Commons resources. Our analysis supports the prior values categories while expanding how some dimensions are expressed by participants. We also highlight four additional value dimensions that were not previously identified in CBPP: cultural heritage value, rarity value, aesthetic value, and administrative value. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design of collaborative systems.

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Wolf, Patricia, and Peter Troxler. "Community-based business models: Insights from an emerging maker economy." Interaction Design and Architecture(s), no. 30 (September 20, 2016): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-030-005.

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Community-based business models are an emerging phenomenon in business reality, particularly in new economic developments such as making. They are a form of commons-based peer production. This paper contributes to advancing research through a multiple case study of eleven community-based maker businesses. The study elaborates on altruism and hedonism as emerging design themes, it addresses aspects of fairness and reciprocity in the interactions with the community, it looks into what values are created, and it reflects on the maker context where businesses strive not purely for profit maximization.

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Pazaitis, Alex, Vasilis Kostakis, and Michel Bauwens. "Digital economy and the rise of open cooperativism: the case of the Enspiral Network." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258916683865.

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This article explores how autonomous workers/contributors, involved in peer-to-peer relations, can organise their productive efforts so that they have sustainable livelihoods. The discussion is guided by the concept of ‘open cooperativism’, which argues for a synergy between the commons-based peer production movement and elements of the cooperative and solidarity economy movements. To this end, we review the case of Enspiral, a network of professionals and companies that empowers and supports social entrepreneurship. We explore its values, operation and governance as well as the chosen strategies for autonomy and sustainability. Finally, some lessons are summarised for the cooperative and union movement, which point to open cooperativism as an integrated vision.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Marios Papachristou. "Commons-based peer production and digital fabrication: The case of a RepRap-based, Lego-built 3D printing-milling machine." Telematics and Informatics 31, no. 3 (August 2014): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2013.09.006.

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Nicolosi, Guido, and Guido Ruivenkamp. "Re-skilling the Social Practices: Open Source and Life–Towards a Commons-Based Peer Production in Agro-biotechnology?" Science and Engineering Ethics 19, no. 3 (October 25, 2012): 1181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-012-9405-4.

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Fuster Morell, Mayo, and Ricard Espelt. "A Framework to Assess the Sustainability of Platform Economy: The Case of Barcelona Ecosystem." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 6450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226450.

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This article presents a framework for evaluating the sustainability qualities of Platform Economy initiatives. It takes into account governance, economic model, technology, data policies, social responsibility and impact. The framework has been tested empirically in a sample of one hundred commons-based peer-to-peer production cases identified in Barcelona. Data collection was based on online ethnography and structured interviews. The results reveal the different levels and tendencies of pro-democratization. It appears that the cases that are more sustainable are also sustainable in other dimensions. The analysis found a correlation between governance and technology and data models, and it further demonstrated that governance is correlated with the economic model. Both results together indicate that the governance of a platform plays a central role in its overall approach.

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Kostakis, Vasilis. "At the Turning Point of the Current Techno-Economic Paradigm: Commons-Based Peer Production, Desktop Manufacturing and the Role of Civil Society in the Perezian Framework." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2013): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v11i1.463.

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Following the theory of techno-economic paradigm shifts (TEPS), this paper calls attention to the phenomenon of Commons-based peer production (CBPP). In the context of the current paradigm, it argues that civil society can play an important role in creating favourable conditions for a more sustainable global knowledge society. Approaching tentatively the ways in which 3D printing and other desktop manufacturing technologies can be used in CBPP, it also explores the ways in which the partnership with the state may provide a supportive innovative institutional basis for taking the maximum advantage of the emerging synergies in the vein of TEPS theory.

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Figueiredo, Janice. "A CONSTRUÇÃO DO COMUM ATRAVÉS DA PRODUÇÃO PEER." P2P E INOVAÇÃO 1, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2014v1n1.p25-44.

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ResumoNos atuais modos de funcionamento do mercado e do Estado, a sociedade civil não tem possibilidade de criar valor a partir de sua visão sobre o que é necessário para sua comunidade. Na lógica do mercado, bens e serviços são produzidos com o objetivo principal de obtenção de lucro e no Estado representativo os cidadãos não têm poder de decisão sobre as políticas públicas necessárias para suas cidades. Este artigo introduz a ideia do comum, que situa a noção de valor na criação colaborativa visando a resultados voltados para o coletivo. Em seguida, é apresentada a idéia de inteligência coletiva - aquela universalmente distribuída entre os seres humanos e que permite a criação de soluções inteligentes para problemas complexos; o documento sugere que o exercício dos valores do comum aprimora a inteligência coletiva. A partir das características da produção e governança peer, o artigo indica como cidades no mundo vêm sendo transformadas. Finalmente, a iniciativa Rio+ é apresentada como um modelo colaborativo que permite que a sociedade civil carioca proponha soluções para sua cidade. AbstractWithin the current working modes of the market and the State, civil society does not have the possibility to create value based on its own vision of what is needed for its communities . In the logic of the market, goods and services are produced with the ultimate goal of profit-making and, within the representative State, citizens do not take part in the decision-making processes that define the necessary public policies for their cities. This article presents the vision of the commons, that places the notion of wealthiness in what is created collaboratively and is aimed towards collective-oriented results. The document introduces the idea of the collective intelligence, which is universally distributed among human beings and which allows the creation of intelligent solutions to complex problems; the paper suggests that the exercise of the values of the commons enhances the collective intelligence. Through the characteristics of peer production and peer governance the article indicates how cities in the world are being transformed. Finally, the Rio+ initiative is presented as a collaborative model that allows civil society in Rio de Janeiro to create solutions for the city.

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Mahr, Dana, and Sascha Dickel. "Rethinking intellectual property rights and commons-based peer production in times of crisis: The case of COVID-19 and 3D printed medical devices." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 15, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa124.

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Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard. "Agency problems and governance mechanisms in collaborative communities." Strategic Organization 15, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 141–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127016653727.

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Collaborative communities—where participants collaboratively solve problems and integrate their contributions—are increasingly popular organizational forms in a wide variety of domains. As with any cooperative effort, communities involve differential interests and information asymmetries, creating potential agency problems. I undertake an exploratory multiple-case study of four communities within the domains of enterprise information technology, sustainable products and services, drug discovery, and digital marketing and communication. I find that agency relationships in the collaborative communities are characterized by three distinct multiple-agency structures: commons, team production, and brokering. These are governed by four main categories of mechanism: (1) mutual monitoring, enabling self-regulation and peer-based control; (2) membership restrictions, regulating admission to the community; (3) values and rules, guiding member action and collaboration; and (4) property rights and incentives, regulating rights to community resources and distribution of rewards. I also identify contingencies between governance mechanisms and agency problems.

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27

Bauwens, Michel. "INTRODUCING THE NEW CONFIGURATION BETWEEN STATE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE MARKET." P2P E INOVAÇÃO 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2014v1n1.p1-24.

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ResumoNos atuais modos de funcionamento do mercado e do Estado, a sociedade civil não tem possibilidade de criar valor a partir de sua visão sobre o que é necessário para sua comunidade. Na lógica do mercado, bens e serviços são produzidos com o objetivo principal de obtenção de lucro e no Estado representativo os cidadãos não têm poder de decisão sobre as políticas públicas necessárias para suas cidades. Este artigo introduz a ideia do comum, que situa a noção de valor na criação colaborativa visando a resultados voltados para o coletivo. Em seguida, é apresentada a idéia de inteligência coletiva - aquela universalmente distribuída entre os seres humanos e que permite a criação de soluções inteligentes para problemas complexos; o documento sugere que o exercício dos valores do comum aprimora a inteligência coletiva. A partir das características da produção e governança peer, o artigo indica como cidades no mundo vêm sendo transformadas. Finalmente, a iniciativa Rio+ é apresentada como um modelo colaborativo que permite que a sociedade civil carioca proponha soluções para sua cidade. AbstractWithin the current working modes of the market and the State, civil society does not have the possibility to create value based on its own vision of what is needed for its communities . In the logic of the market, goods and services are produced with the ultimate goal of profit-making and, within the representative State, citizens do not take part in the decision-making processes that define the necessary public policies for their cities. This article presents the vision of the commons, that places the notion of wealthiness in what is created collaboratively and is aimed towards collective-oriented results. The document introduces the idea of the collective intelligence, which is universally distributed among human beings and which allows the creation of intelligent solutions to complex problems; the paper suggests that the exercise of the values of the commons enhances the collective intelligence. Through the characteristics of peer production and peer governance the article indicates how cities in the world are being transformed. Finally, the Rio+ initiative is presented as a collaborative model that allows civil society in Rio de Janeiro to create solutions for the city.

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Basu, Soutrik, Joost Jongerden, and Guido Ruivenkamp. "The emergence of a hybrid mode of knowledge production in the Generation Challenge Programme Rice Research Network (GCP-RRN) in India: Exploring the concept of Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP)." Geoforum 84 (August 2017): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.008.

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Lievens, Jean. "CAN CAPITALISM REFORM ITSELF AND MOVE TOWARDS A P2P SOCIETY?" P2P E INOVAÇÃO 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2015v2n1.p6-24.

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AbstractThe first Dutch book on P2P “Save the World” by Michel Bauwens had a good reception in Flanders. Even for the critics, the emerging way of ‘getting things done’ through global cooperation on “what is light” and re-localisation of “what is heavy” is making a lot of sense and is indeed the way to go. In this article, we examine two criticisms of the book: the feasibility of an unconditional basic income within the present system and the possibility to move gradually to a P2P society without “overthrowing” capitalism. Apart from the “low road” to peer-to-peer (after an economic collapse) and “the high road to peer-to-peer” (through neo-Keynesianism) a third way could open up, based on a reformed partner state facilitating peer production. Our conclusion is that under the present circumstances, with exponentially growing bottom-up initiatives, open source alternatives and the Internet as a new means of production, value creation and distribution, past failed experiences of ‘socialism in one country’ could today have more chances of succeeding on condition that a progressive government arms itself with a commons transitional plan. Such a transitional government would undoubtedly face many difficulties, but it would at least open the horizon for a better future. And it would certainly enjoy a wave of solidarity throughout the world. PODE O CAPITALISMO REFORMAR A SI PRÓPRIO E SE ENCAMINHAR PARA UMA SOCIEDADE P2P? ResumoO primeiro livro holandês sobre P2P “Save the World” de Michel Bauwens teve boa recepção em Flandres. Mesmo para os críticos, a nova forma de “conseguir fazer as coisas” através da cooperação sobre “o que é leve” e a relocalização de “o que é pesado” faz muito sentido e é, sem dúvida, o caminho a seguir. Neste artigo, analisamos duas críticas feitas ao livro: a viabilidade de renda básica incondicional dentro do sistema presente e a possibilidade de mudar gradualmente para uma sociedade P2P sem “derrubar” o Capitalismo.Além de uma “low road to peer-to-peer” (depois de um colapso econômico) e “the high road to peer-to-peer” (através do neo-keynesianismo) uma terceira via poderia ser aberta, baseada num estado parceiro reformado que facilitasse a produção do tipo “peer”. Concluímos assim que nas circunstâncias presentes, com iniciativas “bottom-up” crescendo exponencialmente, alternativas de código aberto e da Internet como novo meio de produção, criação e distribuição de valores, experiências falidas de 'socialismo em um só país' no passado poderiam agora ter mais chances de sucesso sob a condição de que um governo progressista se arme com um plano de transição dos comuns. Tal governo de transição poderia sem dúvida enfrentar muitas dificuldades, mas pelo menos abriria os horizontes para um futuro melhor. E certamente gozaria de uma onda de solidariedade no mundo inteiro.

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Pearce, Joshua M. "Strategic Investment in Open Hardware for National Security." Technologies 10, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies10020053.

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Free and open-source hardware (FOSH) development has been shown to increase innovation and reduce economic costs. This article reviews the opportunity to use FOSH as a sanction to undercut imports and exports from a target criminal country. A formal methodology is presented for selecting strategic national investments in FOSH development to improve both national security and global safety. In this methodology, first the target country that is threatening national security or safety is identified. Next, the top imports from the target country as well as potentially other importing countries (allies) are quantified. Hardware is identified that could undercut imports/exports from the target country. Finally, methods to support the FOSH development are enumerated to support production in a commons-based peer production strategy. To demonstrate how this theoretical method works in practice, it is applied as a case study to a current criminal military aggressor nation, who is also a fossil-fuel exporter. The results show that there are numerous existing FOSH and opportunities to develop new FOSH for energy conservation and renewable energy to reduce fossil-fuel-energy demand. Widespread deployment would reduce the concomitant pollution, human health impacts, and environmental desecration as well as cut financing of military operations.

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Boronat, Teodomiro. "Editorial." Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering 1, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jarte.2020.13927.

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The first number of JARTE, one step forward.It is difficult to find a single sector that is not agitated by the technological changes that are taking place. The development of Science and Technology is advancing by leaps and bounds, scientific discoveries along with the development of new products, new manufacturing techniques, improved communications, increasing industrial automation, among others are fundamental elements for economies worldwide to advance and develop better services that meet the needs of people.The Alcoy Campus of the Polytechnic University of Valencia is committed to the great challenge of integration towards the knowledge society. New knowledge is being generated on the campus, obtaining numerous results in research and transfer projects, together with the development of practical applications in companies and industrial sectors in the areas of chemical, electrical, manufacturing, materials, mechanical and textile engineering. These results and knowledge need an agile channel to reach potentially interested companies and researchers. The central objective of this international journal is to provide a venue for the dissemination of high quality, cutting edge research and technological developments in engineering, targeting a wide audience ranging from academia to industry.The production, exploitation and diffusion of knowledge are indispensable for the growth of society, that is why the journal JARTE becomes the appropriate alternative to publicize the projects developed both by the members of the Alcoy Campus and by any member of the scientific and industrial communities who wish to publicize their work.JARTE journal intends to become a reference in the diffusion in the fields of engineering and technology. The journal has a policy of quality articles, based on peer review by experts in the field. Two issues will be published annually, the first one in January and the second one in July. The issues of JARTE will offer a selection of original articles with a broad vision of the latest trends in engineering and technology.All articles published by JARTE are under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License in accordance with the framework proposed by the European Union. There is no charge for readers or authors due to institutional collaborations which promote open access papers in order to obtain widespread dissemination of the works.Finally, I would like to thank all the researchers and colleagues who worked to make the JARTE project a successful reality, both those who worked to turn their research into articles and those who have collaborated in the development of the journal in tasks such as editing, peer review, planning and layout so that the works could be published, and I encourage them to continue in this arduous task of disseminating the knowledge developed.

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ALIŞKAN, Yılmaz. "The Opportunities and Challanges of Commons-Based Peer Production." Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, July 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54961/uobild.1138051.

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This article examines the opportunities and challanges of commons-based peer production. While this model emerged among hacker communities as a result of the development of the internet, on the other hand, the internet became widespread thanks to the products developed by volunteers. The article addresses the use and exchange values of produces developed through digital commons and peer production. It is claimed that capitalism today creates a new hyper-exploitation system by using voluntary labor. In particular, due to the blurring of the boundaries between work time and free time, the products developed by volunteers in their spare time are used by technology cartels to create value in the market. The seizure of this produced value by cartels is not considered as exploitation by some researchers. This article discusses why this process should be characterized as hyperexploitation. In addition, the structure of online communities and the difficulties that community members face in decision-making processes are expressed.

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Krowne, Aaron. "Building a Digital Library the Commons-based Peer Production Way." D-Lib Magazine 9, no. 10 (October 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/october2003-krowne.

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Dulong de Rosnay, Melanie, and Francesca Musiani. "Towards a (De)centralization-Based Typology of Peer Production." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 14, no. 1 (March 26, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v14i1.728.

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Online peer-production platforms facilitate the coordination of creative work and services. Generally considered as empowering participatory tools and a source of common good, they can also be, however, alienating instruments of digital labour. This paper proposes a typology of peer-production platforms, based on the centralization/decentralization levels of several of their design features. Between commons-based peer-production and crowdsourced, user-generated content “enclosed” by corporations, a wide range of models combine different social, political, technical and economic arrangements. This combined analysis of the level of (de)centralization of platform features provides information on emancipation capabilities in a more granular way than a market-based qualification of platforms, based on the nature of ownership or business models only. The five selected features of the proposed typology are: ownership of means of production, technical architecture/design, social organization/governance of work patterns, ownership of the peer-produced resource, and value of the output.

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Bradley, Karin. "Open-Source Urbanism: Creating, Multiplying and Managing Urban Commons." FOOTPRINT, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/footprint.1.901.

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Within contemporary architecture and urbanism there is marked interest in urban commons. This paper explores the creation of temporary urban commons, or, more specifically, what can be called ‘open-source urbanism’. Citing two practices – urban commons initiated by Atelier d’architecture autogérée in Paris, and Park(ing) Day initiated by San Francisco-based Rebar – I argue that these practices can be understood as open-source urbanism since their initiators act as open-source programmers, constructing practice manuals to be freely copied, used, developed and shared, thus producing self-managed commons. Although this tradition of ‘commoning’ is not new, it is currently being reinvented with the use of digital technologies. Combining Elinor Ostrom’s analysis of self-managed natural resource commons with Yochai Benkler’s assertion that commons-based peer production constitutes a ‘third mode of production’ that lies beyond capitalism, socialism and their blends, I argue that open-source urbanism critiques both government and privately-led urban development by advancing a form of postcapitalist urbanism.

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Bradley, Karin. "Open-Source Urbanism: Creating, Multiplying and Managing Urban Commons." FOOTPRINT, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/footprint.9.1.901.

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Within contemporary architecture and urbanism there is marked interest in urban commons. This paper explores the creation of temporary urban commons, or, more specifically, what can be called ‘open-source urbanism’. Citing two practices – urban commons initiated by Atelier d’architecture autogérée in Paris, and Park(ing) Day initiated by San Francisco-based Rebar – I argue that these practices can be understood as open-source urbanism since their initiators act as open-source programmers, constructing practice manuals to be freely copied, used, developed and shared, thus producing self-managed commons. Although this tradition of ‘commoning’ is not new, it is currently being reinvented with the use of digital technologies. Combining Elinor Ostrom’s analysis of self-managed natural resource commons with Yochai Benkler’s assertion that commons-based peer production constitutes a ‘third mode of production’ that lies beyond capitalism, socialism and their blends, I argue that open-source urbanism critiques both government and privately-led urban development by advancing a form of postcapitalist urbanism.

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Rozas, David, and Steven Huckle. "Loosen control without losing control: Formalization and decentralization within commons‐based peer production." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, June 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.24393.

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Rozas, David, Nigel Gilbert, Paul Hodkinson, and Samer Hassan. "Talk Is Silver, Code Is Gold? Beyond Traditional Notions of Contribution in Peer Production: The Case of Drupal." Frontiers in Human Dynamics 3 (March 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.618207.

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Peer production communities are based on the collaboration of communities of people, mediated by the Internet, typically to create digital commons, as in Wikipedia or free software. The contribution activities around the creation of such commons (e.g., source code, articles, or documentation) have been widely explored. However, other types of contribution whose focus is directed toward the community have remained significantly less visible (e.g., the organization of events or mentoring). This work challenges the notion of contribution in peer production through an in-depth qualitative study of a prominent “code-centric” example: the case of the free software project Drupal. Involving the collaboration of more than a million participants, the Drupal project supports nearly 2% of websites worldwide. This research (1) offers empirical evidence of the perception of “community-oriented” activities as contributions, and (2) analyzes their lack of visibility in the digital platforms of collaboration. Therefore, through the exploration of a complex and “code-centric” case, this study aims to broaden our understanding of the notion of contribution in peer production communities, incorporating new kinds of contributions customarily left invisible.

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Troxler, Peter. "Commons-Based Peer-Production of Physical Goods: Is There Room for a Hybrid Innovation Ecology?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1692617.

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Rozas, David, Antonio Tenorio-Fornés, and Samer Hassan. "Analysis of the Potentials of Blockchain for the Governance of Global Digital Commons." Frontiers in Blockchain 4 (April 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2021.577680.

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In recent years, the increasing need for global coordination has attracted interest in the governance of global-scale commons. In the current context, we observe how online applications are ubiquitous, and how emerging technologies enable new capabilities while reshaping sectors. Thus, it is pertinent to ask: could blockchain technologies facilitate the extension and scaling up of cooperative practices and commons management in this global context? In order to address this question, we propose a focus on the most paradigmatic and widely successful examples of global cooperation: global digital commons. Examples of these are the digital resources maintained by large peer production communities, such as free/libre open source software and Wikipedia. Thus, this article identifies and analyzes the potentialities of blockchain to support the sustainability and management of global digital commons. Our approach draws on Elinor Ostrom’s classic principles for commons governance, although revisiting and adapting these to the more challenging scope of global digital commons. Thus, in this work we identify the affordances which blockchain provides (e.g., tokenization, formalization of rules, transparency or codification of trust) to support the effective management of this type of global commons. As part of our analysis, we provide numerous examples of existing blockchain projects using affordances in line with each principle, as well as potential integrations of such affordances in existing practices of peer production communities. Our analysis shows that, when considering the challenges of managing global commons (e.g., heterogeneity or scale), the potential of blockchain is particularly valuable to explore solutions that: distribute power, facilitate coordination, scale up governance, visibilize traditionally invisible work, monitor and track compliance with rules, define collective agreements, and enable cooperation across communities. These affordances and the subsequent analysis contribute to the emergent debate on blockchain-based forms of governance, first by providing analytical categories for further research, but also by providing a guide for experimentation with the development of blockchain tools to facilitate global cooperation.

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Hilgers, Dennis, Gordon MMller-Seitz, and Frank T. Piller. "Materializing Commons Based Peer Production Beyond Open Source Software Explorative Insights from a Comparative Case Study." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2336668.

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Berry, David M., and Giles Moss. "The politics of the libre commons." First Monday, September 4, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v11i9.1403.

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The project of ‘free culture’ is committed to the creation of a cultural space, rather like the ‘public domain’, seeking to complement/replace that of proprietary cultural commodities and privatized meaning. This has been given a new impetus with the birth of the Creative Commons. This organization has sought to introduce cultural producers across the world to the possibilities of sharing, co–operation and commons–based peer–production by creating a set of interwoven licenses for creators to append to their artwork, music and text. In this paper, we chart the connections between this movement and the early Free Software and Open Source movements and question whether underlying assumptions that are ignored or de–politicized are a threat to the very free culture that the project purports to save. We then move to suggest a new discursive project linked to notions of radical democracy.

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Aryan, Venkat, Juergen Bertling, and Christa Liedtke. "Topology, typology, and dynamics of commons‐based peer production: On platforms, actors, and innovation in the maker movement." Creativity and Innovation Management, July 8, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caim.12392.

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Rumpala, Yannick. "The dynamics and conditions of material forms of ‘commons-based peer production’. Towards a reappropriation of living conditions?" Review of Social Economy, October 7, 2020, 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2020.1828612.

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Gibson, Timothy. "Property Outlaws in Cyberspace and Meatspace? Examining the Relationship between Online Peer Production and Support for Private Property Violations." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 12, no. 2 (November 8, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v12i2.619.

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Marxian theory has long viewed the institution of private property as central to labour exploitation. After all, private property laws allow those who control the means of production to expropriate surplus value from the dispossessed. An analogous relationship arguably defines life on the Internet, where users are forced to venture onto privately owned digital enclosures to access key services. Yet these online property relationships are anything but settled and uncontested. Outside the digital enclosures of Apple and Google, the Internet has fostered the development of “commons-based peer production”, where key resources (e.g. software) are produced without anyone claiming exclusive property rights. In fact, some scholars have argued that the rise of peer production on the web has begun to re-shape popular attitudes concerning the legitimacy of property exclusions more broadly. In short, as we become “property outlaws” on the web, we come to question the inevitability and legitimacy of private property elsewhere in life. This paper explores this hypothesis by reporting data from a survey of Internet users at an East Coast university. Are users who engage in more peer production activities on the web also more likely to approve of “property outlaw” behaviours not just in the online context, but in the offline world as well (e.g. squatting)? The data provide only partial support for the hypothesis: active online peer producers were indeed more likely to support violations of intangible (intellectual) properties, but not violations of tangible or “real-world” properties.

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Sevignani, Sebastian. "Facetten der Debatte über das digitale Arbeiten." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 47, no. 186 (March 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v47i186.178.

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This article introduces the reader to the so called ‘digital labor debate’ in the context of the political economy of (new) media and (digital) communication. The political economy of social media is best qualified as surveillance-driven production of culture and as an interplay between distinct modes of production (commons based peer production and commodity production). The latter gives rise to the problem of how to understand the interplay between these modes. The article discusses contributions from different theoretical angels, such as the materialist theory of communication, the theory of cognitive capitalism, the theory of prosumption, and the theory of rent in the informational age. The discussion is organized by three topics: Does the use of social media qualify as work? Are users subsumed to capital control? Are users exploited? The article marks theoretical challenges for a critical theory of informational capitalism.

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Zukerfeld, Mariano. "Behind, through and beyond capitalist platforms." Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 16, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.2.0099.

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This article aims to put forward an overarching typology of platform-related work. First, it places the platformisation of productive processes within a characterisation of informational capitalism. Then it proceeds by distinguishing between work behind and through capitalist platforms. The former refers to the informational, industrial and service work and workers who keep the platforms up and running. The greater part of the article is devoted to discussing the latter. This second category is further divided into three sub-categories of work and workers: ‘gig labour’, ‘prosumers’ and ‘self-employed owners’. Finally, platform work and labour beyond capitalist platforms are addressed, with a further sub-typology. Here, three types of beyond-capitalist platforms are identified: co-ops, commons-based peer production and state-owned agencies.

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Stalder, Felix. "Bourgeois anarchism and authoritarian democracies." First Monday, June 27, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v13i7.2077.

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Digital communication is profoundly affecting the constitution of (civil) society by drastically lowering the costs to speak across time and space with individuals and groups of any size, and by producing abundant records of all activities conducted through these media. This is accelerating two contradictory trends. On the one hand, a new breed of social organizations based on principles of weak cooperation and peer production is sharply expanding the scope of what can be achieved by civil society. These are voluntary organizations, with flat hierarchies and trust-based principles. They are focused on producing commons-based resources rather than individual property. In general, they are transformative, not revolutionary, in character. This phenomenon is termed "bourgeois anarchism." On the other hand, the liberal state - in a crisis of legitimacy and under pressure from such new organizations, both peaceful (civil society) and violent (terrorism) - is reorganizing itself around an increasingly authoritarian core, expanding surveillance into the capillary system of society, overriding civil liberties and reducing democratic oversight in exchange for the promise of security. This phenomenon is termed "authoritarian democracies."

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Daly, Angela. "The False Hope of Benkler's Communal Wealth? An Analysis of What Has Happened to Commons-Based Peer Production and the Current Prospective for Non-Corporate Activity Online." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2100550.

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Vetter, Matthew, and Zachary McDowell. "A spectrum of surveillance: Charting functions of epistemic inequality across EdTech platforms in the post-COVID-19 era." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 20, no. 2 (February 22, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.20.02.02.

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Covid-19 and the public health policies emerging in response have laid bare a multiplicity of issues related to educational access and knowledge equity on a global scale. Among these, the quick shift to online and hybrid education models led teachers to adapt a plethora of digital platforms to deliver content and sponsor interactions). Such platforms range from institutionally sanctioned (and subscribed) Learning Management Systems (LMSs) to software provided by organizations beyond the institution and can pose a threat to student data and privacy. Data surveillance in educational contexts is not a new issue, nor is it only a strictly digital problem. However, the current milieu of constant and continuing public health crises has led to more frequent, uncritical, and hurried adoption of learning technologies. This article challenges professionals in higher education specifically to take a more critical look at the various EdTech platforms they are, have, and will adopt in the post-COVID-19 era, and the spectrum of surveillance such platforms enact. Through a review of common entities such as LMSs, Google Workspace for Education, and Zoom video conferencing software, this article demonstrates how these technologies place both teachers and students in a relationship to data and learning characterised by “epistemic inequality” or “unequal access to learning imposed by private commercial mechanisms''. By taking a closer look at the problematic surveillance functioning across EdTech, this article makes a case for Commons-based Peer Production communities as equitable, open educational alternatives that have resisted market-based neoliberalism and surveillance capitalism.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Commons-based peer production'

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