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Sachy, Marco. "Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude : toward a user-managed currency and payment system design." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40788.
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This thesis will begin with a critique to the orthodox paradigm in monetary economics. Secondly, I will offer a theoretical, economic, structural and biopolitical analyses of the origin, nature and effects of money on society. After a critique to conventional paradigm of money, I will then propose a semiotic genealogy of money followed by an analysis of the Common, the Multitude together with a tentative fourfold proposal for monetary reform, i.e. a monetary dispositif for the socio-economic emancipation of the Multitude from the rule of capital to build a new paradigm of money. In particular, I will discuss the literatures on basic income and the emerging notion for bottom-up welfare named Commonfare; the Neo-Chartalist approach to money; complementary, viz. subaltern currencies; and crypto-currencies and distributed ledgers technology. In turn, I will present the two qualitative methodologies that I endorsed to design and research four sites of inquiry in Iceland, Spain, Finland and Italy: Participatory Action Research and Critical Muti-Sited Ethnography. A discussion of fieldwork findings will follow. Moreover, I will offer a comparative analysis on fieldwork findings by identifying not only commonalities and differences among the four sites, but also by eliciting the limits of methodological choices. I will conclude this thesis by arguing to refine the theoretical framework introduced in the literature review; and notwithstanding personal and objective limitations to the application of the monetary dispositif in the real world, I will advocate for further inquiry on Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude to increase the quality and effectiveness of the debate on suggestions for monetary reform.
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Fox, David Murray. "Tracing money at common law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361717.
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Summers, Katherine Elizabeth. "Money and meaning : how working-age social security recipients understand and use their money." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3794/.
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This thesis explores how working-age social security money in the UK is understood and used from the perspective of its recipients, using an approach that emphasises the ‘social meaning’ of money. The thesis is motivated by two initial observations. On the one hand, politicians and policymakers have demonstrated an awareness that social security money has the capacity to carry and communicate social meaning. Yet, on the other hand, the mostly individualistic, asocial, perspectives of neoclassical and (more recently) behavioural economics, have continued to dominate the way in which social security policy has been framed. Against this background, the main argument of the thesis is that both academics and policymakers have so far underestimated the social aspects of social security money on a micro level, within the lives of its recipients. A novel alternative perspective is proposed, drawing on insights from new economic sociology, that theorises social security money as constituted by social context, social relations, and social meanings. This theoretical perspective is explored empirically using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 43 working-age social security recipients living in East London. The interviews are analysed using a form of thematic analysis. The empirical findings are presented in three main sections that address the participants’ experiences of claiming, organising, and spending social security money. Based on these empirical findings, the thesis argues that four key concepts can help to clarify how working-age social security money is understood and used from the perspective of its recipients. These are: supplication and earned entitlement; control and responsibility; dependence and independence; and administratively-defined need. The thesis concludes by showing the implications of these key concepts for how policymakers approach the design of social security payments specifically, and how they might better understand recipients’ experiences of social security policy more generally.
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Downing, Carmen Garcia de 1950. "Common resource use in a Zapotec community." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292049.
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Who uses the forage resources under a communal land tenure system? Using data from a Mexican Indian community with a history of communal land tenure extending prior to the Conquest, the research explores and attempts to answer this question. The analysis is based on 1970 socio-economic data for 533 households, secondary sources, and 1987 field observations in a community of Zapotec farmers in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. The factors influencing who uses the communal resources include livestock ownership, wealth ranking, migration history, and participation in the local labor market. Although all members of the community have the right to graze animals on the commons, only a fraction of the wealthier households exercise this right. Consequently grazing pressure is minimized (reduced) compared to the potential grazing pressure that otherwise would be exerted if all the members of the community were to exercise their rights to use the forage resources at the same time.
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Celati, Benedetta. "La contribution juridique à l’alternative des communs dans une approche macro-institutionnelle." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0095.
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Le présent projet de thèse, élaboré dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre l’Université de Pise et l’Université Paris Est Marne la Vallée, vise à étudier l'impact du financement de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS), interprétée comme modèle socio -économique ancré dans le paradigme du "commun", par rapport à sa capacité de transformation sociale, en France et en Italie. La recherche s’appuiera sur le cadre théorique de l'approche institutionnaliste en économie et se focalisera sur l'importance de l'élaboration juridique pour l'affiramtion de la diversité des systèmes et des institutions économiques. En tant que doctorant de sciences juridiques de l’Université de Pise en cotutelle avec l’Université de Paris Est dans le domaine des sciences économiques, je propose de compléter la recherche juridique classique, entendue comme l'analyse critique du droit positif, par des recherches relevant d’autres disciplines. Les hypothèses seront verifiées par des études de terrain en France et en ItalieThe thesis, developed within the framework of an international co-direction agreement between the University of Paris Est Marne-La-Vallée, in France, and the University of Pise, in Italy, aims to explore the impact of instruments for financing Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS), understood as a social and econonomic model anchored in the paradigm of the "commons", in relation to her capacity for social transformation, in France and in Italy. The study will be based on the approch of Institutional economics and will focus on the importance of the legal development for the affirmation of the diversity of the economic systems and institutions. As a doctoral candidate in law at the University of Pise in co-direction with the University of Paris Est in the field of economics, I propose to improve the legal research with further researches in other disciplines. The hypothesis will be tested by field studies in France and in Italy
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Ouimette, Monique Y. "Common Scents?: Regulating the Use of Fragrances in Workplaces." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107526.
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Thesis advisor: Juliet B. SchorFragrances in consumer products have become a contested topic in daily life. Workplace fragrance policies problematize fragrances, which, for many people, are normal aspects of consumer products. This mixed-method dissertation focuses on employees in a large non-industrial workplace with a fragrance-free policy. It examines employee reactions to a policy that requests behavioral changes based on claims that everyday consumption of fragranced products may be harmful to employee health. In order to develop an understanding of how and to what extent fragrances and indoor air quality are problematized in the workplace, I engage a number of different constructs from environmental and consumer sociology. The dissertation expands upon constructs of contested illness (Brown, Kroll-Smith, & Gunter, 2000; Phillimore, Moffatt, Hudson, & Downey, 2000; Shriver & Webb, 2009); framings of environments in bodies (Kroll-Smith & Kelley, 2008); lay assessments of health impacts (Burton-Jeangros, 2011; Collins, 2010; Heikkinen, Patja, & Jallinoja, 2010; O'Sullivan & Stakelum, 2004; Scammell, Senier, Darrah-Okike, Brown, & Santos, 2009) and understandings of the role of scents in social life (Largey & Watson, 1972; Low, 2006; Synnott, 1991). My findings show that a majority of participants understand fragrance impacts through an individual health frame, as an allergy, that locates the problems associated with fragrance within the bodies of specific individuals who exhibit symptoms due to fragrance exposures. While this orientation has had positive impacts on the implementation of the policy and reducing corresponding impacts on those who are Fragrance Sensitive, the degree to which fragrances have been problematized is limited by understandings of fragrance impacts as allergies. The limiting framework of fragrance sensitivity as allergy has practical efficacy because it helps employees to connect with the idea that fragrances cause health issues for some individuals. However, it also stymies assessments and connections to potential broader environmental health impacts of fragrances in part because allergens such as pollen are generally viewed as benign and only problematic to the anomalous individuals who experience reactions. Limitations of the framework are reinforced by established moral and cultural assessments of good and bad fragrances and the appropriate use of fragrances (Low, 2006; Synnott, 1991). This dissertation examines what happens when people are confronted with information that the industrial traces associated with their consumption practices - in this case wearing and using fragranced products on their bodies and in their work environments - may be contributing to negative health outcomes for their coworkers. This study is the first to analyze the social dimensions of the use of synthetic fragrances in connection to environmental health impacts in the context of everyday life. The findings have relevance for other organizations considering regulation of fragrances as well as for efforts to use health rationales to encourage changes in consumption practices
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Loustau, Jeffrey J. (Jeffrey Justin). "Common ground--the promise of mixed-income/mixed-use development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13419.
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郭悦生 and Yuet-sang Kwok. "Helping an autistic student to use money in daily life: a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256624.
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Bain, Douglas. "The use and management of common property in land in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=205225.
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The development of the law in Scotland in respect of the co-ownership of property has been undermined by an early philosophical prejudice against the idea of co-ownership, coupled with the indiscriminate and imprecise use of language in the judgments of the courts, particularly in the Nineteenth Century. But nevertheless, co-ownership – an essential concept in the property law of any developed legal system - is a common, popular, and economically useful form of ownership, which may arise by accident or by design; and the law has accordingly been subject to periodic legal ‘correction' by way of judicial fiat. Such corrections may have resolved particular questions in law, but they have left other questions unanswered and have also had the effect of posing new questions. In particular, the modern orthodoxy, which posits a binary structure of co-ownership in Scotland, is questionable and unhelpful. The law in respect of co-ownership has undeniably advanced in recent years, but there have also been missed opportunities. This thesis seeks to clarify the development of the understanding and articulation of the concept of co-ownership and its role in Scotland as a contribution to a better understanding of an important aspect of property law with continuing utility in legal development.
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Dusitsin, Krid, and Kurt Kosbar. "Accuracy of Computer Simulations that use Common Pseudo-random Number Generators." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609238.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaIn computer simulations of communication systems, linear congruential generators and shift registers are typically used to model noise and data sources. These generators are often assumed to be close to ideal (i.e. delta correlated), and an insignificant source of error in the simulation results. The samples generated by these algorithms have non-ideal autocorrelation functions, which may cause a non-uniform distribution in the data or noise signals. This error may cause the simulation bit-error-rate (BER) to be artificially high or low. In this paper, the problem is described through the use of confidence intervals. Tests are performed on several pseudo-random generators to access which ones are acceptable for computer simulation.
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Maeyer, Jenine. "Common-Sense Chemistry: The Use of Assumptions and Heuristics in Problem Solving." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293468.
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Students experience difficulty learning and understanding chemistry at higher levels, often because of cognitive biases stemming from common sense reasoning constraints. These constraints can be divided into two categories: assumptions (beliefs held about the world around us) and heuristics (the reasoning strategies or rules used to build predictions and make decisions). A better understanding and characterization of these constraints are of central importance in the development of curriculum and teaching strategies that better support student learning in science. It was the overall goal of this thesis to investigate student reasoning in chemistry, specifically to better understand and characterize the assumptions and heuristics used by undergraduate chemistry students. To achieve this, two mixed-methods studies were conducted, each with quantitative data collected using a questionnaire and qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews. The first project investigated the reasoning heuristics used when ranking chemical substances based on the relative value of a physical or chemical property, while the second study characterized the assumptions and heuristics used when making predictions about the relative likelihood of different types of chemical processes. Our results revealed that heuristics for cue selection and decision-making played a significant role in the construction of answers during the interviews. Many study participants relied frequently on one or more of the following heuristics to make their decisions: recognition, representativeness, one-reason decision-making, and arbitrary trend. These heuristics allowed students to generate answers in the absence of requisite knowledge, but often led students astray. When characterizing assumptions, our results indicate that students relied on intuitive, spurious, and valid assumptions about the nature of chemical substances and processes in building their responses. In particular, many interviewees seemed to view chemical reactions as macroscopic reassembling processes where favorability was related to the perceived ease with which reactants broke apart or products formed. Students also expressed spurious chemical assumptions based on the misinterpretation and overgeneralization of periodicity and electronegativity. Our findings suggest the need to create more opportunities for college chemistry students to monitor their thinking, develop and apply analytical ways of reasoning, and evaluate the effectiveness of shortcut reasoning procedures in different contexts.
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Baur, Ivo. "Analyzing and modeling the use of common property pastures in Grindelwald, Switzerland." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-182953.
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Problem. More than ever, some of the biggest challenges to society involve governance of natural resources. From large-scale resource systems such as the rain forest and oceans to small-scale systems such as lakes or alpine pastures, cooperative efforts are required to ensure sustainable and yet productive use of natural resources. In Switzerland, the management of alpine pastures has for centuries been predominantly organized by local governance institutions, avoiding an overuse of the scarce resources. During the past decade, the use and maintenance of common property pastures (CPP) is declining, leading to land abandonment and forest regrowth. However, CPP provide significant services to the mountain regions, such as additional grazing grounds, assets for the tourism industry, protection from soil erosion, water run-off and landslides, and high biodiversity. These services are currently threatened by reduced use and maintenance of the CPP.
Research Aims. The research presented herein aims for a better understanding of social-ecological interactions driving the use of CPP to provide policy recommendations for the sustainable governance of CPP.
Methods. To generate a holistic understanding of the variables driving CPP use, this research used multiple methods to investigate CPP use in Grindelwald, Switzerland as a social-ecological system (SES). The research was structured in 4 modules. First, qualitative methods were applied to analyze institutional change in the governance of CPP. Second, regression models were built from survey data to better understand farmers’ land-use decision. Third, an analysis of the ecological system was conducted bases on land-cover statistics. Forth, a systems dynamics model of the local SES was built and combined with formative scenario analysis to investigate potential future developments of CPP use.
Results. The outcomes of the different modules suggest that: First, local governance systems originally designed to prevent overuse of CPP are able to adapt to problems of declining use and maintenance of CPP by altering a set of rules. Second, farmers’ use of CPP depend on personal attributes, including farm size, norms, and dependence on the resource. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that high local demand and prices for alpine cheese are a central factor in the sustainable use of CPP. Third, the land-cover analysis showed that afforestation occurs in Grindelwald at a relatively moderate pace and defines the area most prone to afforestation and bush encroachment. Fourth, the simulation model allows for the display of complex social-ecological interactions, showing that afforestation tendencies are likely to continue, although at different pace depending on the scenario setting.
Conclusion. This research provides a better understanding of CPP use through the analysis of the subsystem characterizing the SES. It showed how the general framework for analyzing social-ecological systems can be operationalized using a broad set of methods. It thereby contributed and advanced central themes within the study of the commons such as institutional analysis, users’ behavior in cooperative dilemmas, and modeling of SES. The integration of the findings from different modules into a simulation provided insights about the effects of different policies on the sustainability of the SES, and thereby demonstrated why particular policy blueprints will rather accelerate than counteract the problem of CPP abandonment.
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Stephenson, Jerard. "The use of common planning time in ABC Middle School academic teams." Thesis, College of Saint Elizabeth, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620502.
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The purpose of this mixed-methods action research study was to examine the use of collaborative common academic team time at ABC Middle School. A review of the literature indicated that effective middle school academic team meetings allow for interdisciplinary team teachers to collaborate on curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Additionally the literature indicated that the frequency and productivity of these meetings have a correlation to student achievement. In seeking to understand how academic team time is spent, the following three research questions were analyzed: (1) To what extent do middle school academic teams focus team meetings on curriculum development and integration across content areas? (2) To what extent do middle school academic teams focus team meetings on the sharing of instructional ideas and strategies that will improve student learning? (3) To what extent do middle school academic teams focus team meetings on assessments that will enable students to show that they have learned? The findings and recommendations from this study will assist district administration, building administration, faculty, parents, and students in the planning process for school activities, curriculum, instruction, assessment, programs, scheduling, and professional development.
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Sutton, Stephanie E. "John Witherspoon a re-evaluation of his use of common sense realism /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Cassidy, Clifford Mills. "Investigating common risk factors in the comorbidity of cannabis use and psychosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119360.
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Background. The comorbidity between psychotic illness and substance abuse is associated with negative outcomes. To better treat substance use in psychosis it is necessary to identify factors specifically promoting substance use in this population, particularly aspects of psychotic illness which may exacerbate substance use. Purpose. to identify whether early-life inattention-hyperactivity and deficits in reward processing could qualify as common factors underlying the comorbidity of psychotic illness and cannabis abuse. Methods. We conducted the following four experiments: 1. The ability of childhood symptoms of ADHD measured using retrospective parental report (Child Behavior Checklist) to predict cannabis-use outcomes in first episode psychosis (FEP). 2. Associations between self-reported anticipatory pleasure and cannabis use in psychosis patients and controls. 3. The effect of cannabis on daily activities and functional measures and on behavioural exertion for rewarding stimuli in psychosis patients and controls with cannabis use. 4. Examining physiological response to pleasant and cannabis images using event-related potentials (ERP), facial expressivity, and galvanic skin response in controls and psychosis patients with cannabis use. Results. 1. Higher levels of inattention symptoms in childhood predicted lifetime cannabis-use disorder and inability to maintain abstinence from cannabis in FEP. 2-4. Psychosis patients showed reward deficits on several measures including: self-reported reward response, engagement in effortful daily activities, behavioural exertion to seek pleasant stimuli, and sustained processing of pleasant stimuli as measured with the late positive potential (LPP) of the ERP. When comparing subjects' response to pleasant stimuli versus cannabis stimuli, control cannabis users showed a significant bias towards pleasant images on all measures, whereas patients showed similar response to both pleasant and cannabis stimuli on most measures. Reduced response on several of the measures on which patients showed a deficit was associated with greater cannabis use: self-reported reward response, behavioral exertion to seek pleasant stimuli, and LPP response to pleasant stimuli. Conclusions and significance. 1. Our finding that childhood inattention is associated with subsequent cannabis in FEP when complemented by studies showing these symptoms are more prevalent in subjects who later develop psychotic disorders is consistent with childhood inattention being a marker for shared vulnerability to develop both psychotic and substance-use disorders. 2-4. Deficits in reward processing are present in individuals with psychotic disorders and some of these deficits may predispose individuals to use cannabis more heavily. If these findings are further developed they could inform treatments targeted for substance use in populations with psychosis.Introduction. La comorbidité entre les troubles psychotiques et l'abus de substances est associée à une évolution négative. Pour mieux traiter l'abus de substance dans la psychose, il est nécessaire d'identifier les facteurs spécifiques qui augmentent la prévalence de consommation de substances dans cette population, particulièrement les aspects du trouble psychotique qui pourraient exacerber la consommation de substances. Objectifs. Identifier si des symptômes d'hyperactivité-inattention durant l'enfance et des déficits dans les processus de récompense pourraient se qualifier comme des facteurs communs sous-jacents de la comorbidité des troubles psychotiques et de la consommation du cannabis. Méthodes. Nous avons fait les quatre expériences suivantes : 1. L'utilisation des symptômes de TDAH mesurés de façon rétrospective en utilisant un rapport des parents (Child Behavior Checklist) pour prédire la consommation de cannabis chez les premiers épisodes psychotiques (PEP). 2. L'association entre le plaisir anticipé rapporté et la consommation de cannabis chez les patients psychotiques et les contrôles. 3. L'examen de la réponse physiologique à des images plaisantes et de cannabis en utilisant les potentiels évoqués cérébraux (ERP), l'expressivité faciale et la conductivité de la peau chez les contrôles et les patients psychotiques qui consomment du cannabis. 4. L'effet du cannabis sur les activités quotidiennes, les mesures fonctionnelles et l'effortcomportemental pour des stimuli de récompense chez les patients psychotiques et les contrôles qui consomment du cannabis. Résultats. 1. Plus de symptômes d'inattention durant l'enfance prédirait un trouble de consommation du cannabis et l'inaptitude de rester abstinent pour le cannabis chez les PEP. 2-4. Les patients psychotiques démontrent des déficits de récompense sur plusieurs mesures incluant : la réponse rapportée de récompense, l'engagement dans des activités quotidiennes qui demandent de l'effort, l'effort exercé pour rechercher des stimuli plaisants et le traitement prolongé des stimuli plaisants tel que mesuré avec le potentiel retardé positif (LPP) de l'ERP. Lorsque l'on compare la réponse des sujets pour les stimuli plaisants versus les stimuli de cannabis, les consommateurs de cannabis contrôles ont démontré un biais significatif envers les images plaisantes sur toutes les mesures, alors que les patients ont démontré une réponse similaire sur les stimuli plaisants et de cannabis sur la plupart des mesures. Une réponse diminuée sur plusieurs mesures sur lesquelles les patients ont démontré un déficit était associée avec une consommation plus grande de cannabis : la réponse rapportée de récompense, l'effort comportemental pour rechercher des stimuli plaisants et la réponse LPP aux stimuli plaisants.Conclusions et signification. 1. Nos résultats concernant l'inattention durant l'enfance associée à une consommation subséquente du cannabis chez les PEP, lorsque complémentés par les études qui démontrent que ces symptômes sont plus prévalent chez les sujets qui développent plus tard des troubles psychotiques, sont consistants avec les symptômes d'inattention durant l'enfance qui sont déterminants dans la vulnérabilité à développer des troubles psychotiques et de consommation de substances. 2-4. Des déficits dans les processus de récompense sont présents chez les individus avec des troubles psychotiques et certains de ces déficits pourraient prédisposer les individus à consommer du cannabis de façon plus importante. Si ces résultats sont plus amplement développés, ils pourront donner des pistes de traitement pour la consommation de substances dans les populations psychotiques.
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Tramberend, Sylvia, Günther Fischer, Martin Bruckner, and Velthuizen Harrij van. "Our Common Cropland: Quantifying Global Agricultural Land Use from a Consumption Perspective." Elsevier, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6745/1/Tramberend%2Det%2Dal_OurCommonCropland_Re%2DSubmission.pdf.
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Understanding teleconnections of regional consumption patterns and global land use supports policy making towards achieving sustainable land use. We present an innovative globally consistent hybrid land-flow accounting method to track biomass flows and embodied land along global supply chains. It uses the large FAOSTAT database, which is, for non-food commodities, complemented with a multi-regional input-output model. We employ the hybrid model globally between 1995 and 2010 and present results for regional markets. Results highlight the growing integration in international markets. In 2010, 31% of cropland cultivation was for export markets compared to 16% in 1995. The higher land demand of livestock-based diets, which account for one third of global cropland use, and differences in land use intensities cause large regional variations in extents and composition of land footprints. The utilization of cropland changed towards a growing importance of the non-food sector accounting for 12% in 2010. Comparing land quality weighted cropland footprints across regions further reveals large differences in the appropriation of available global cropland productivity. Because of large uncertainties and quality differences in the actual use of grassland for feeding ruminants, we propose land quality weighted grassland footprints to discuss the additional land use for ruminant livestock products.
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Otero, Jesús Gilberto. "Coffee, the money market, the real exchange rate, and economic fluctuations in Colombia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59428/.
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This thesis analyses the effects of coffee booms on the money market, the real exchange rate, and the business cycle in Colombia. Chapter 2 presents an overview of the coffee sector in the country, including a brief description of its macroeconomic role, and unique institutional structure. Chapter 3 investigates, from a simulation perspective, two empirical difficulties that arise in econometric modelling when using quarterly data, as is done in chapters 4 and 5. The first practical concern is whether to conduct the econometric analysis on data that have been subjected to seasonal adjustment or in terms of unadjusted data. The simulation results provide a justification for using seasonally unadjusted data, as the use of filters reduces the power of the Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron cointegration tests. The second difficulty concerns an empirical regularity encountered when analysing the Colombian quarterly series of money supply and GDP, both of which exhibit a structural break (or change) in the seasonal pattern. We find that these structural breaks bias both unit root and seasonal root tests, so that new critical values must be tabulated allowing for a change in either the level and/or the seasonal pattern of the underlying series. Chapter 4 examines the monetary consequences of coffee booms. The theoretical work on this subject shows that under a regime of fixed exchange rates, export booms affect both the demand and the supply for money. Within this theoretical framework, we assess whether the coffee booms of the second half of the seventies and mid eighties led to excess money supply in Colombia. We find a direct association between coffee export booms and excess money supply, implying that external disturbances jeopardise the ability of the economic authorities to carry out successful monetary policy. Chapter 5 uses the Johansen procedure to estimate a real exchange rate determination model for Colombia. We find one cointegrating vector, which can be thought of as a long-run real exchange rate equation. The deviations of the real exchange rate from its long-run equilibrium relationship, after correcting for the short-run dynamics, are interpreted as a measure of real exchange rate misalignment. The simulation performance of the model, during the period of estimation and three years into the future, is particularly good, with the simulated real exchange rate reproducing the general long-run behaviour of the actual series. Chapter 6 develops an intertemporal disequilibrium model in order to analyse the effects of temporary, anticipated, and permanent coffee price shocks on a small open economy under Keynesian unemployment. Our results indicate that a coffee price boom (whether temporary, anticipated or permanent) increases nontradable output in the short and long run (a similar result is obtained when we discuss other disequilibrium regimes). The basic model is then extended by including a government sector that administers a coffee price stabilisation fund, and by allowing capital market imperfections. Our results indicate that when the government is able to borrow on more favourable terms in international capital markets than households, the stabilisation fund neutralises part of the short-term effect of a temporary coffee price boom. On the other hand, when the government and the private sector borrow on the same terms, the stabilisation fund turns out to be redundant.
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Scott, Alister James. "Issues in common land management : a case study of the Dartmoor Commons." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319734.
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Bauer, Kenneth Michael. "Land use, common property, and development among pastoralists in Central Tibet (1884-2004)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491584.
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Osborne, Michael James. "The use and meaning of all solutions (interest rates) to the time value of money equation." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2010. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/7288/.
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The time value of money (TVM) equation is a key equation in economics and finance. It takes the form of an nth order polynomial having n roots. It is usual to calculate and use only one root (interest rate). The remaining (n-1) roots are mostly complex or negative, and are usually discarded. In this thesis it is shown that the unorthodox roots (interest rates) should not be ignored because they have utility and meaning. New expressions are developed for existing concepts in economics and finance. The concepts include duration in bond mathematics, net present value (NPV) in capital budgeting, the value of a stock of capital in capital theory, and the total charge for credit in loan analysis. The new expressions for these concepts employ all possible interest rates as components. The new expressions provide solutions to puzzles. In bond mathematics, the new equation for duration delivers what previous formulas for duration fail to provide: an accurate measure of the impact of a change in interest rate on the price of a bond. In capital budgeting, the new equation for NPV offers a resolution to the debate about the relative merits of NPV and internal rate of return (IRR) as investment criteria. In economics, a solution is proposed to the reswitching debate in the Cambridge capital controversies. In credit analysis, a new relationship is developed between the total charge for credit and the orthodox measure of the cost of a loan, the annual percentage rate (APR). The result implies that the complicated APR need no longer be the focus of consumer credit legislation; the total charge for credit and its variants suffice. The new analysis not only employs all interest rates, it also endows them with meaning. The suggested interpretation of a complete cluster of interest rates sheds new light on the meaning of orthodox rates such as IRR and APR.
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DeVoe, Sanford E. "When time is money : the effect of organizational practices on the evaluation and use of time /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Macklem, Douglas A. (Douglas Alexander) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "Integration of decision support systems and expert systems in finance : common design issues and the case of money market preferred share bidding." Ottawa, 1990.
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Fellner, Wolfgang, and Roman Seidl. "The Relative Importance of Time and Money for Consumer Behavior and Prosperity." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3681/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2012_08.pdf.
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We develop a consumption model to analyze the relative importance of time and money for consumer behavior and prosperity. The model is characterized by three situations a consumer may face. Equilibrium conditions
are different in each of those situations. At equilibrium A only the time constraint is binding. The appropriate situation is called relative time scarcity.
At equilibrium B, relative satiation, the consumer's income constraint is binding at the optimal allocation of time. At equilibrium C, consumers deviate from their optimal allocation of time because of the income constraint. Those
consumers face relative money scarcity. We analyze behavioral reactions to changes in prices, disposable income and available time in each of those three
situations. It turns out that substitution effects only exist in situations of
relative money scarcity - the only situation dealt with in ordinary (i.e. timeless) consumer theory. The absence of substitution effects in situations of
relative time scarcity and relative satiation leads us to the conclusion, that the impact of changes in relative prices on consumer behavior is much less important than usually assumed. Another interesting result is that increases in disposable income do not necessarily lead to a gain in prosperity. The effects of changes in disposable income and time availability on prosperity depend on the situation a consumer faces.(author's abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Droll, Michael Lee. "Use of the Delphi technique to derive a common definition for work-related education." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010111.
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Svensson, Malin. "Sustainable Resource Use of Common Bream and Roach Catch from Reduction Fishing in Östergötland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227383.
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Nutrient inflows from anthropogenic sources into water systems are causing eutrophication, algal blooms and trophic changes in Swedish lakes and seas. The European water framework directive was implemented to regulate member countries' policies to achieve a good status in surface waters. Reduction fishing has shown to be an effective lake restoration tool involving removal of large quantities of planktivorous fish, decreasing the internal nutrient loads and recovering the lake status. The Administrative board of Östergötland (Länsstyrelsen Östergötland) started this project with the aims to find out how to dispose of the fish from reduction fishing projects in a sustainable way in the county of Östergötland. With analysis of secondary lake data, the study also aims to highlight the ecological and chemical status in five of the county's most eutrophic lakes: Asplången, Värnässjön, Svinstadsjön, Nimmern and Hällerstadsjön. The amount of predicted catch during a reduction project, for each lake with the corresponding amount of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) removal, was calculated based on lake area and reduction fishing guidelines. To find out the prospects and possibilities fora sustainable catch disposal, literature review, interviews and communication with possible stakeholders in the area were conducted and analysed in a SWOT-analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) as wellas for three sustainability criteria based on the Swedish waste regulation. The results showed that the ecological status is ranging from bad to moderate in the five studied lakes and that approximately 162 - 218 tonnes of fishcould be removed which corresponds to a reduction of P by ca. 1.1 - 1.5 tonnes and N by ca. 4.4 - 5.9. Four possible disposal methods were determined: the use of bream and roach as food for humans, for animal feed, for production of biogas and waste disposal by incineration. Roach and bream for human consumption showed to be a possible option despite a huge resistance in acceptance of roach and bream as edible fishes. Fish as feed was also possible if used as bait for fishing. Biogas production from fish worked well at the local biogas plant as long as the fish was prepared in the right way. Incineration could work as an easy way to dispose off the fish. The SWOT-analysis showed most strengths and possibilities for the biogas option, whereas the food alternative had more weaknesses and threats. However, due to waste management regulations, the use of roach and bream as food or animal feed were the more sustainable options.
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Hodder, Kathryn H. "The common buzzard in lowland UK : relationships between food availability, habitat use and demography." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340525.
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Nethercott, Kathryn. "Understanding the use of the Common Assessment Framework : exploring the implications for frontline professionals." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/556347.
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Current legislation, within England, states that local authorities should provide services for all those families in need, while also setting thresholds for access to these services. However, research has identified that regardless of the introduction of strategies to identify need and enhance family support, on-going barriers to services remain. This study took a social constructionist approach to explore professionals’ experiences of the use of the Common Assessment Framework form and multiagency working. Data were collected in four different local authorities in the South East of England, in two phases: phase one February 2011 to February 2012, phase two July to September 2014. Phase one was intended to focus on the experiences of both professionals and families in one Local Authority (LA). However, as a result of a difficulty in accessing families the research was refocused to professionals’ experiences and use of the CAF alone. Phase two was extended to three further LAs. Forty one professionals, from a variety of agencies, took part in semistructured interviews individually or in a group. Data were analysed utilising thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006). Conclusions are from a small scale study and so cannot be generalised. However, findings suggested professional use of the CAF was dictated by local authority policy. Two issues emanated from this. Firstly, as the local authorities adopted the policy of utilising the CAF as a referral mechanism, rather than for its intended purpose, to assess needs, professionals perceived the CAF form as a referral tool, rather than an assessment tool. Secondly, the range of professionals utilising the CAF was diverse. This diversity necessitates suitable training to accommodate the various professionals and their backgrounds. However, in this study, such training was largely lacking. Additionally professionals found multi-agency working, required by the CAF process, problematic, time consuming, and onerous. However, experienced and knowledgeable professionals were seen to utilise creative ways in which to successfully navigate the ‘referral process’. A further finding of the study is that there were key differences in regard to the ways in which diverse professional groups view safeguarding for adolescents. Recommendations for future research, policy and local authority use of the CAF form have been made.
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Rydevik, Elin. "Evaluating the use of photography for monitoring feeding habits of common murre (Uria aalge)." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-181913.
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Seabirds are often used as indicator species for changes in marine ecosystems due to the species visibility and sensitivity to changing conditions, such as changes in prey abundance. They often reside in habitats affected by anthropogenic impacts such as large-scale fisheries and pollution. Understanding the connection between seabirds and their surrounding environment can give us important insight about the ecology of the ocean and how anthropogenic pressures affects it. Studying feeding habits, and foraging behavior especially, is useful for understanding seabird´s responses to changing environments. Feeding studies are commonly used in seabird monitoring and requires a lot of time and resources. Monitoring of seabirds are also logistically challenging, and the risk of disturbing bird colonies must be considered. It can be especially complicated when studying cliff nesting seabirds such as the common murre, Uria aalge, the study species for this thesis. Photography as a method for monitoring seabirds may limit the need of people on site, hence minimize disturbance and save time and resources. This study provides insight in whether it is a viable option to use photography instead of on-site field studies when monitoring sea birds. This was accomplished by installing cameras and monitor a feeding study at Stora Karlsö, Sweden, parallel with performing the usual monitoring in the field. This thesis makes it clear that a camera study very well could replace the field study without any larger concerns, although, improvements need to be considered if the study is to maintain a high quality and for results to be reliable.
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Tickell, Christopher Ray. "Perceptions Regarding the Use of Common Planning Time at Three High-Achieving Elementary Schools." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5666.
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The literature shows that collaboration is a critical part of a professional learning community and leads to higher student achievement. However, there is limited research on what collaboration actually looks like in a school setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs and strategies of elementary teachers and elementary administrators of three high achieving elementary schools utilizing a weekly common planning period for collaboration. Research questions for the study inquired strategies utilized by classroom teachers and principals to capture specific actions and beliefs regarding collaboration to increase student achievement. A phenomenological qualitative method was utilized through interviewing 9 elementary teachers and 3 elementary principals to capture the essence of the phenomenon of collaboration. Coding was completed and data analysis with the assistance of AtlasTi Results showed that teachers build capacity through dialogue that revolved around data analysis, strategies to teach lessons, and creating common assessments. Principals noted data analysis and shared leadership as to leading to increased student performance. Implications for social change is for universities and districts by providing effective strategies to implement effective teacher collaboration leading to higher student academic achievement and greater opportunities for students in a global economy.
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Jansen, Dorine Yvette Manon. "The use of ringing data in the study of climatic influences on common passerines." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20645.
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To understand the potential impact of forecasted increases in climatic variability we need to determine the impact of climatic stochasticity on demographic rates. This thesis used available long-term ringing data collected by volunteers, augmented by data from research projects, to investigate the influence of climatic variation on survival of 10 common passerines in southern Africa. Through sheer numbers common species are fundamental to ecosystem functioning. Migratory species are subject to climatic stochasticity in breeding and wintering grounds, and during migration. In a population of African Reed Warblers Acrocephalus baeticatus (an azonal wetland specialist) a capture-mark-recapture model correlated higher temperature in the breeding grounds with higher adult survival (1998-2010), but - contrary to expectations - not wetter winters. A spatial analysis using a multi-state model in a Bayesian framework did not link survival in populations across southern Africa to environmental seasonality. However, as hypothesised, migratory populations appeared to survive better than sedentary populations. Increased climatic variation could synchronize survival of species assemblages and colonies in meta-populations. I investigated a 3-species assemblage in climatically stable fynbos (2000-2007) and a 4-species assemblage in more seasonal wetland (1999-2013) with a hierarchical model, run in WinBUGS, with a temporal, synchronous (common) and asynchronous (species-specific) component. Comparison of models with and without climatic covariates quantified the impact of climatic stochasticity as a synchronizing and desynchronizing agent. As expected, the wetland assemblage exhibited more synchronous and asynchronous variation in survival than the fynbos assemblage, but the analysis did not find evidence of climatic forcing. Demographic rates of a population of 25 colonies of a Sociable Weaver Philetairus socius meta-population in savanna near Kimberley did not correlate with climatic indices during 1993-2014. Age-specific survival and fecundity of the largest colony were influenced by climatic variation reinforcing earlier inference that colonies respond differently to environmental stochasticity. The integrated population model using count, ringing, and productivity data enabled the first estimation of annual fecundity, juvenile survival and recruitment. The volunteer data yielded the first estimates of adult survival of two African endemics and estimates of a second population for three other species. A review of volunteer ringing resulted in recommendations to improve its use from a demographic perspective.
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Kay, Adrian. "The MacSharry reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy : a challenge to public choice theory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11838/.
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This thesis draws on the insights of economics, political economy and political science to study the MacSharry reforms of the CAP enacted in May 1992. It has two objectives. First, to understand the MacSharry reforms in terms of why they happened, when they did and in the form that they did. Second, to develop a more general framework for the interpretation of CAP reforms. The thesis is in two parts. In the first, the public choice paradigm of decision-making systems is introduced as an alternative to neo-classical agricultural economics. It is employed to generate three frameworks of CAP reforms; the interest groups, the prominent players and the institutions. The evidence from the histories of previous reforms of the CAP provides the bias that the institutions framework is the most insightful for understanding the reform process. The second part of the thesis is a case study of the MacSharry reforms. It is constructed from primary and secondary sources. Seventeen in-depth, individual interviews with key participants in, or observers of, the reform process were conducted. These are complimented by an extensive survey of the general news commentary on, the academic analysis of, and specialist agri-business views of the reforms. The institutions framework drawn from part one of the thesis is used to interpret this evidence to achieve objective one of the thesis. The central claim with regard to the second objective is that previous attempts at understanding the CAP reform process and its outcome have tended to underestimate the importance of the institutional structure of decision-making.
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Unyolo, Thokozani. "Building consumer mobile money adoption and trust in conditions where infrastructures are unreliable." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23059.
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Mobile money is gaining momentum in emerging markets as the solution to bank those who were previously unbanked. The number of people in Africa who have mobile phones is 644 million subscribers and has for a long time exceeded those who have bank accounts and access to formal financial services (Cobert, Helms,&Parker, 2012). About 2.5 billion adults, just over half of world’s adult population, do not use formal financial services to save or borrow, of this number 2.2 billion of these unserved adults live in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East (Chaia et al., 2009). This study sought to explore factors that will determine adoption of mobile money by adapting Venkatesh, Thong and Xu’s (2012) Unified Theory of Acceptance and Technology Use (UTAUT 2) research model to assess the drivers of behavioural intention. The model was extended by incorporating two additional constructs; trust and infrastructure reliability, which have been excluded in previous studies that have been done in developed countries. Further to this, the findings of this study will make a significant contribution to Information Systems (IS) research by identifying factors that influence technology adoption in a developing market context.This main aim of this quantitative research was to empirically discover the deeper motivations that affect the consumer behavioural intention and usage behaviour to use mobile money in Malawi. The value of this paper lies in the use of interviews to unveil new determinants of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Technology use in the adoption of mobile money in a developing market that influence behavioural intention and usage behaviour. The seven factors examined in this study are performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC), price value (PV), infrastructure reliability (IR), and trust (T) moderated by gender and age impact on technology adoption. The study sample consists of 508 respondents with a response rate of 84%.The findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, trust, and price value were positively associated with consumer behavioural intention to use mobile money in Malawi. In addition, infrastructure reliability and social influence were found to have an insignificant effect on consumer behavioural intention to use mobile money.The research adds value on existing studies on technology adoption as it contributes to understanding disruptive technology from a consumer perspective in a developing market which has been excluded in previous research papers. Another value of this paper lies in the use of UTAUT 2 to identify a new construct, trust, as a determinant of mobile money adoption in a consumer perspective which is applicable in Malawi. In addition to this it enables us to contribute to current literature on the emerging mobile money market in Malawi, which is largely under researched.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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Serrano, Miguel Santiago. "Probing behaviors of Empoasca kraemeri Ross & Moore (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on common bean genotypes and the use of AC electronic feeding monitors to characterize tolerance /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841333.
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Holman, D. J. "Social class and the use of talking treatments for common mental health problems in Britain." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573743.
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Common mental health problems - mainly depression and anxiety - are widespread and associated with suffering, yet amenable to treatment. Talking treatments are shown to be overall effective, and I argue in most cases should be used over psychiatric medication given that the latter has greater potential for side and withdrawal effects. Those from the lower social classes have higher rates common mental health problems, yet are more likely to be prescribed medication, and are less likely to use talking treatments than their higher social class counterparts. This thesis explores why this is the case, focussing on individual orientations rather than the mental health care system per se, in line with the whole ethos of talking treatments. As well as considering factors directly related to talking treatments, I explore other factors which may explain social class differentials in the use of mental health services - the stigma surrounding mental health problems and treatments, and alternative ways in which people may cope (,informal emotional coping'). Three data sources are used: British Social Attitudes survey data, survey data I collected myself, and semi-structured interviews. I use Pierre Bourdieu's sociology to interpret the data and find that culturally-rooted dispositions (i.e. habitus) are key to understanding the use of talking treatments.
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Bardsley, Louise. "Use and selection of terrestrial resources by adult common toads (Bufo bufo) in agricultural landscapes." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5851.
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Twomey, Conal. "The utility of functioning in predicting health service use by people with common mental disorders." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/418158/.
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Background: Mental health services are under-resourced in countries around the world. It is essential therefore that the scarce resources are allocated fairly and efficiently. To facilitate this process, extensive knowledge of the variables associated with health service use (HSU) by people with mental disorders is required. As diagnoses and symptoms may not explain a large proportion of the variance in this HSU, there is a need to investigate the relevant associations of other variables. The term ‘functioning’ relates to physical and mental functions and the ability to undertake activities and participate in all of life. The studies described within this thesis were to determine the utility of functioning in predicting HSU by people with common mental disorders. It was hypothesised that functioning would have good utility in this prediction. Methods: A systematic review was initially undertaken, followed by three empirical studies: one set in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and two within the English National Health Service (NHS). Results: (1) Systematic Review: There is a lack of existing research into the association of functioning with HSU. The available evidence was mixed: three functioning variables (i.e. cognitive deficits, social withdrawal and activities of daily living) were significantly associated with HSU, but only in 55% of the assessments conducted on them. (2) Cross-sectional study: For older people with depression living in LMICs (n=4,590), functioning was significantly associated with one HSU outcome (i.e. hospital admission) but not another (i.e. “any community HSU”). (3) Historical cohort study: the seven functioning items from the HoNOS instrument were not associated with mental health service costs for patients with common mental disorders, over one year (n=1,343). (4) Prospective cohort study: functioning predicted total NHS costs for patients with mood and anxiety disorders over a six month period (n=102). Discussion: The mixed findings provide partial support for the hypothesised predictive ability of functioning. Narrow operationalisations of functioning evidently have limited utility in predicting HSU. However, the positive findings of the final study support the predictive ability of ‘multi-domain’ functioning. Multi-domain functioning information could therefore be useful for the formation of patient clusters within mental health payment systems.
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Spencer, Travis J. "Couple Recovery from Problematic Pornography Use: A Phenomenological Study of Change Moments and Common Factors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7565.
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Pornography use has been reported to have harmful effects on relationships and individuals. However, research on effective treatment for problematic pornography use (PPU) is limited. This manuscript reviews the previous treatment literature for PPU and highlights the gaps that need further study. Then, I discuss how I performed a qualitative study of 11 couples who had successfully been treated for PPU in order to analyze the key mechanisms of change that were employed in their recovery process and address the missing gaps in this field of research. The five major emerging themes from this study are Catalysts for Recovery, Foundation of Support for Recovery, The Work of Recovery, Healing Perspective of Recovery and Meaning Making, and Hindrances and Recovery Cautions (see figure in Appendix E). These themes are outlined with associated subthemes and representative quotes. Key implications for clinicians and future research are discussed.
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Baker, Jessica H. "Investigation of the Association between Bulimia Nervosa and Drug Use Disorders: Common Influences and Characteristics." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/9.
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Although previous research has shown a significant association between bulimia nervosa (BN) and drug use disorders (DUD), our knowledge of the underlying causes for this comorbidity remains limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible influences on the comorbidity between BN and DUD. Subjects included 490 monozygotic and 354 dizygotic female twin pairs from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to test where putative shared correlates mediated the comorbidity between BN and DUD. Bivariate twin analyses were used to investigate the contribution of genes and environment to the correlation between BN and DUD. Regression analyses indicated a lifetime history of major depression, the personality trait of neuroticism, and childhood sexual abuse significantly mediated the associated between BN and DUD (using BN as the independent variable), while major depression, conduct disorder diagnosis, and childhood sexual abuse most significantly impacted the association when DUD was used as the independent variable. Bivariate twin analyses indicated there is additive genetic and nonshared environmental overlap between BN and DUD with genetic and unique environmental correlations of 0.39 and 0.10, respectively. Results show the reason for the association between BN and DUD is due mostly to overlapping genes with a smaller contribution from nonshared environmental influences. Major depression, the personality trait of neuroticism, and childhood sexual abuse are likely important shared correlates between BN and DUD.
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Jessop, Lynn Sherree. "Use of web-based epidemiology in the investigation of risk factors for common mental disorder." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/73822/.
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The common mental disorders of anxiety and depression (CMD) impose a substantial burden on individuals and society. A current limitation for research into risk factors for CMD is that the Mental Health Inventory -5 MHI-5) a brief but widely used scale to measure of anxiety and depression was designed without a cut-point to identify cases of CMD. This thesis designed a web-based epidemiological study. Changes in Well-being to gather data from MHI-5 and the Clinical Interview Schedule – Revised (CIS-R), representing the ‘gold standard’ for CMD case classification. From a random sample of 10,000 people aged 18 to 74 years living in Caerphilly County Borough, Wales a total of 616 participants were recruited. Of these, 82 (13.4%) were classified as CMD ‘non-severe’ (CMD-NS) using a CIS-R score of 12-17 and 129 (20.9%) were classified as a case of CMD ‘severe’ (CMD-S) with a CIS-R score of 18 and over. In an analysis of paired CIS-R and MHI-5 scores, the corresponding cut-points on the MHI-5 scaled of 0-100 were <60 and <45 respectively. These cut-points were applied to baseline and follow-up survey MHI-5 scores in the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Longitudinal Study dataset to classify cases. Logistic regression analysis showed the importance of younger age, a range of major adverse life events, and living in the most deprived areas as risk factors for the onset of CMD. Adverse employment transitions, moving to non-owner-occupation and becoming widowed were more strongly associated with older age groups and living in areas of high social cohesion. This thesis has shown the utility of web-based epidemiological studies in population mental health, determined cut-points on the MHI5 scale and demonstrated the importance of a wide-range of risk factors for change in CMD case status.
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Paasivaara, A. (Antti). "Space use, habitat selection and reproductive output of breeding common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514287152.
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Abstract
Habitat selection is a crucial process affecting space use and reproductive success of birds. In this thesis, I investigated spatial and behavioural aspects of nest spacing, brood stage space use, habitat selection and factors affecting reproductive success of breeding common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) using two large and long-term observational data sets from individually marked females.
In the nesting stage, I found that spatial nesting pattern of goldeneye females changed from one year to the next and also between spatial scales. However, increasing aggregation of nesting females decreased nesting success due to increasing rate of nest desertion and nest predation especially at small spatial scale. These results provide evidence of a density-dependent population process in the common goldeneye in terms of association between annual spatial dispersion of nesting females and annual nesting success.
In the brood stage, the most important factor affecting habitat selection was the amount of food. However, safe nest sites and food requirements of ducklings were not usually met in the same patch and females with broods adjusted their space-use tactics according to these critical breeding resources. Spatial divergence of these two obligatory resources induced brood movements at various distances shortly after hatching. During movements, broods used different landscape elements such as patches, corridors and matrix in a flexible way without clear fitness consequences in terms of duckling survival.
Goldeneye broods suffered heavy losses especially during the early brood stage. Increasing predation risk by northern pike (Esox lucius) decreased survival of young ducklings, but frequent total brood losses suggest that also other factors affected duckling survival. Environmental factors such as temperature or rain were not related to the survival of ducklings.
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Carneiro, Ana Luiza Marinho. "Buying money : indebted´s profile and causal attributions by consumers, bank managers and financial educators in credit use." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/22207.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, do Trabalho e das Organizações, 2016.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2017-01-11T12:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_AnaLuízaMarinhoCarneiro.pdf: 609300 bytes, checksum: 2b3f20272ee431bacedc78774aba8915 (MD5)
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A crise econômica global de 2008 conferiu aos problemas do uso do crédito um grande destaque. No entanto, as pesquisas ainda parecem se concentrar muito mais em avaliações macroeconômicas do fenômeno e pouco se conhece sobre a sua psicologia social. O Brasil pratica uma das maiores taxas de juros do mundo, o que pode ser visto como causa e como consequência de um cenário alarmante de endividamento dos consumidores. Esta dissertação está estruturada em dois manuscritos, que investigaram diferentes fenômenos do endividamento pelo uso do crédito. O Manuscrito 1 descreve a análise de um banco de dados (n = 1.581) de uma empresa de consultoria e educação financeira, que oferece oficinais online. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar o perfil de endividados e de não-endividados em função de diferentes variáveis psicossociais. Além do frequente relato de gastos maiores ou iguais à renda, baixa frequência de investimentos pessoais e (ab)usos do cartão de crédito, testes com dados categóricos revelaram que realizar algum tipo de controle financeiro está associado a não ter dívidas, a fazer investimentos e a ter mais patrimônio. A idade não se mostrou relevantes nesses comportamentos e mulheres relataram mais dívidas que homens. A discussão trata, portanto, das questões metodológicas e aplicadas que envolvem estratégias de planejamento e controle financeiro via educação financeira, mas sobretudo os processos de autorregulação do comportamento frente aos arranjos de mercado que favorecem o endividamento. No Manuscrito 2 foram investigadas, em três estudos, as atribuições causais da dívida por gerentes de agências bancárias que concedem ou refinanciam empréstimos (n = 210), por consumidores (n = 390) e por consultores e educadores financeiros (n = 82). Os instrumentos envolveram a elaboração de uma medida de atitudes sobre crédito e endividamento, uma medida de motivos para o endividamento e itens de auto e heteroatribuição causal da dívida. Análises fatoriais mostraram que as potenciais explicações do endividamento são quase sempre organizadas em dois fatores, confirmando hipóteses como as do modelo de Weiner em relação a lócus de controle. Os resultados revelaram assimetrias sistemáticas entre as amostras. Gerentes e consultores atribuíram as causas do endividamento de consumidores a fatores internos e avaliaram que os consumidores o fazem de maneira externa. Já os consumidores fizeram atribuições externas às suas próprias dívidas, mas perceberam causas internas nas dívidas dos outros. Essas tendências são interpretadas à luz de vieses de cognição social. Discutem-se os resultados e suas implicações no contexto do movimento de pesquisa transformativa, voltada para os benefícios ao próprio consumidor. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The global economic crisis of 2008 gave problems related to credit use a major focus. However, research still focus more on macroeconomic analyses of the phenomenon, while little is known about its sociopsychological aspects. Brazil has one of the highest interest rates in the world, which can be seen both as a cause and as a consequence of an alarming cenario of consumer debt. This thesis is structured in two manuscripts that investigated different phenomena of debt by credit use. Manuscript 1 describes the analysis of a database (n = 1,581) of a consulting and financial education firm that offers online workshops. The objective of the research was to profile indebted and non-indebted consumers, based on several sociopsychological variables. In addition to a high frequency of spending more than or total income, low frequency of personal investments and (ab)use of credit cards, categorical tests revealed that performing some sort of financial control is associated with not having debt, making investments and having more assets. Age was not relevant in these behaviors and women reported more debt than men. The discussion deals, therefore, with the practical and methodological issues involving strategic planning and financial control through financial education, but also self-regulation of behavior to cope with market arrangements that favor indebt. Manuscript 2 was planned in the form of three studies that investigated causal attributions of debt by banks managers who sell or refinance loans (n = 210), by consumers (n = 390) and by consultants and financial educators (n = 82). Instruments involved constructing a measure of attitudes on credit use and debt, a measure of reasons for indebt, and items for self- and other-attributions. Factor analyses showed that potential debt explanations are often organized in two factors, confirming hypotheses related to locus of control and stability, by such models as Weiner's. Results revealed systematic asymmetries between the samples. Managers and consultants assigned consumer debt causes to internal factors, by assume that consumers blame external factors. On the other hand, consumers blame external factors for their debts, while perceive internal causes for the debts of others. These trends are interpreted in light of common biases in social cognition. Results and their implications are discussed in the context of the transformative research movement, by focusing on the benefits to consumer welfare.
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Littlewood, Rae Ann. "Using 'common-sense' to understand complementary and alternative medicine use and HAART adherence in HIV+ people." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Coles, R. S. "The use of genetic markers to reveal dynamic processes in a common toad (Bufo bufo) population." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29464/.
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In contrast to birds and mammals for example, amphibian population studies only rarely capture information based on genealogical relationships among individuals. As a consequence, we only have very limited knowledge about individual fitness measures such as lifetime reproductive success and the consequences of such variation on the linkage between generations of amphibians in the wild. The present thesis makes use of an existing long-term study on the common toad (Bufo bufo) in southern England (Dorset) to genetically identify parent-offspring relationships among approximately 850 individual toads, representing two successive generations (2004/2005/2006 and 2008/2009). The dataset enabled the comparison of measures of effective population size as well as effective breeding size, revealing ratios between 0.07 and 0.26. These data also showed an increasing trend with time and were (by some estimators) confirmed by the cross-generational parentage analysis which revealed a high reproductive skew among individuals. Forty-five percent of offspring could be assigned to a least one parent; in total, 6% of male parents and 30% of female parents were inferred. The pedigree information was also used to identify a possible hereditary basis for an observed decrease in female body condition and fecundity correlated to increased environmental temperatures. There was no indication for heritability of body size, body weight and body condition, suggesting that the documented decrease is based on phenotypic plasticity rather than evolutionary adaptation. However, kinship data that shows the population is less inbred with time coupled with the effective breeding number estimates showing an increasing trend with time suggest that despite the absence of evolutionary change, this population may still be able to circumvent the adverse effects associated with decreased body condition.
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Yeung, Kit-san, and 楊傑燊. "The use of genome-wide DNA methylation microarray to study both the common and rare diseases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207174.
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Mis, Robin M. "An examination of how middle school teachers use common planning time to foster their professional learning." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1220924588.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 19, 2009). Advisor: Alexa Sandmann. Keywords: professional development; common planning time; professional learning communities; middle school. Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-201).
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El-Shanawany, Tariq. "The use of oligonucleotide gene expression profiling to investigate a molecular classification of Common Variable Immunodeficiency." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/37713/.
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Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency of unknown aetiology, the diagnosis of which is made by the exclusion of known causes of hypogammaglobulinaemia. In addition to recurrent and severe infections patients demonstrate a variable phenotype which may include other features such as granuloma and autoimmunity. Given the heterogeneous nature of this condition it appears likely that the label CVID encompasses a number of different conditions. The ability to classify CVID subgroups would be advantageous both clinically and from the research point of view. Accurate subgroup classification would allow the targeting of monitoring and treatment to those patients most at risk of complications. Furthermore, current research into the pathogenesis of CVID is hindered by the grouping of clinically and biologically distinct conditions together. To date, attempts at classification, such as by flow cytometry, have failed to accurately demarcate subgroups. A total of 53 CVID patients were recruited to the study, and peripheral blood RNA was extracted, stored and analysed by gene expression microarray technology. The clinical and immunological data pertaining to these patients was gathered, analysed and used to allow bioinformatic analysis of the microarray data. The clinical data demonstrated a statistically significant tendency for some of the non-infective complications of CVID to cluster together, possibly suggesting a separate clinical subgroup. Flow cytometric analysis showed that in addition to previously described B and CD4+ T cell phenotyping, CD8+ phenotyping may be potentially useful and there was a correlation between decreased proportions of naïve CD8+ T cells and the presence of granulomatous disease. The analysis of the microarray data demonstrated a number of processes where there was differential gene expression between the clinical phenotypes, for example genes involved in the response to IL-1 in patients with granulomatous disease. Differential expression of genes involved in apoptosis was of particular interest and a consistent finding in the granuloma, autoimmunity and any complication subgroups.
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Xia, Hongfang. "The Use of Equalization Filters to Achieve High Common Mode Rejection Ratios in Biopotential Amplifier Arrays." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-051205-101321/.
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Dressen, Severin. "Space use patterns and population dynamics in two common European rodents, Apodemus sylvaticus and Myodes glareolus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d484c25c-d80e-48fd-89b2-b5be4f36fe28.
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Space use patterns are driven by the individual's need to acquire enough resources to survive and reproduce. Population dynamics, in turn, are determined by individual survival and reproduction. In rodents, these two key elements to a species' ecology have been investigated for decades, but often data quality is insufficient to address important questions. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of space use patterns and population dynamics in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). I also try to overcome current methodological limitations by using a new method for field data collection and exploring the use of in-silico methods. In chapters 2 and 3, I analyse space use patterns of both species. My results highlight the importance of predation risk and food availability for space use patterns. Chapter 3 also reveals the advantage of using an individual based model to address space use related questions. In chapter 4, I analyse the density dependence of body weight and life history parameters in our wood mice population by constructing an integral projection model. I found mixed results for the density dependence of body weight but proof for changes of generation time and reproductive success at higher densities. Using an individual based model, I show in chapter 5 that sensitivity of space use estimates to low temporal resolution of location fixes varies between different movement types. This thesis shows that space use patterns are driven by interactions of many drivers, including sex, season, food availability and body weight, but are dominated by predation risk. It also supports the importance of population density for space use patterns and population dynamics. Finally, I highlight the potential of using in-silico methods to investigate the ecology of rodents and the current vulnerability of space use estimates to bias.
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Williams, Paul Edwin. "Evaluation of a Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Exclusion and Trapping Device for Use in Aquatic Plant Founder Colony Establishment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6038/.
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The focus of this study was to design and evaluate a trapping system that would reduce populations of common carp within water bodies in conjunction with establishment of native aquatic macrophytes founder colonies. A pond study and field study were conducted. A pond study was performed at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility, located in Lewisville, Texas, followed by a field study within a constructed wetland located in southern Dallas, Texas. For the pond study, twelve funnel traps were constructed (four reps of each type: control, dual-walled and ring cage). Two anti-escape devices were tested with funnels including steel fingers and hinged flaps. Ring cage and dual-walled treatments were planted using native pondweeds, while controls were left unplanted (additional bait and a drift fence scenarios were also tested). Common carp were introduced into the study pond. Chi-square statistical analyses were utilized and showed ring cage treatments using fingers as well as the use of a drift fence to be most effective. Following completion of the pond study, the two most effective treatments (controls and ring cages) were tested within the Dallas, Texas wetland; no carp were caught during the field test.
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Sybrowsky, Jacob Prior. "Paths Toward Impulsive Buying: The Effect of Credit Use and Debt Avoidance on the Paths Between Money Attitudes and Impulsive Buying Among U.S. College Students." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1882.pdf.
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