Relevant bibliographies by topics / Common use of money

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Common use of money'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Common use of money"

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Felson, Richard B., and Jeremy Staff. "Committing Economic Crime for Drug Money." Crime & Delinquency 63, no. 4 (July 9, 2016): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128715591696.

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We examine the effects of the type and frequency of drug use on whether offenders engage in economic crime to obtain money for drugs. Analyses are based on a nationally representative sample of prison inmates (5,371 property offenders and 4,588 drug offenders). Daily users of heroin, crack cocaine, or powdered cocaine are most likely to report that they committed their offense for drug money. However, offenders who used these drugs less frequently and daily users of marijuana and methamphetamine reported this motivation as well. The motivation was more common among offenders who lacked access to legitimate income. The findings suggest that economic crimes are used to support recreational drug use as well as heavy use of heroin and cocaine.
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Кучеров, Илья, and Ilya Kuchyerov. "Essence, Functions and Legal Forms of Funds." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 9 (August 29, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21222.

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The article attempts to identify existing legal forms of funds through the prism of the performance of the basic functions. It explains fundamental role money has to play: a function of medium of exchange, a measure of value, means of accumulation, means of payment and the function of world money. The function of medium of exchange involves the use of funds in the area of trading. Use of money as a common counting unit is connected with the economical function of the measure of value. This function means that money serves as the universal means of indicating the price of goods, works and services. As a means of accumulating it is materialized through accumulation, which have the feature of value stability. As means of payment money works through payments out of any direct connection with the downturn area. Finally, the functioning of world money is associated with the use of the currency of a state in international payments. The author considers other functions of money. Special attention is paid to the legal currency, foreign currency and monetary metals.
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Nelissen, Rob. "Abundance Causes Greed in Appropriation from Common Resources." Psychology and Developing Societies 34, no. 1 (March 2022): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09713336221080624.

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Three experiments investigated the possibility that greed is not just a consequence of scarcity but may also result from abundance of common resources. It was predicted that abundance causes greed not through increasing competition but because it reduces social concerns for the outcomes of others, resulting in resource waste. Consistent with these predictions, we found that people take and waste more from common resources if these resources are more—rather than less—abundant. These findings were robust to different types of resources (chocolates and money). Implications of these findings for attempts at sustainable resource use are discussed.
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Ferguson, Maria. "Washington View: Money doesn’t buy easy answers." Phi Delta Kappan 103, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00317217211051153.

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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Congress has allocated just under $190 billion to support K-12 education. As Maria Ferguson explains, these much-needed funds will require states and districts to make plans for how best to use them, and the planning process is complicated in districts that are already stretched and facing unpredictable circumstances. The plans that have been submitted so far vary in their level of detail, but common themes include the effects of the pandemic on student achievement and the mental health needs of both students and school staff.
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Wang, Quanyi, and Ge Lin. "Sex Exchange and HIV-related Risk Behaviors among Female Heroin Users in China." Journal of Drug Issues 33, no. 1 (January 2003): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260303300106.

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This study examines differences in demographic characteristics and HIV-related risk behaviors between Chinese female heroin users who exchanged sex for drugs or money and those who were never involved in sex exchange. A sample of 171 female heroin users was recruited from a detoxification center in China. Female heroin users who exchanged sex for drugs or money were more likely to be unemployed and were at higher risk in both sexual behaviors and injection drug use. Number of sexual partners in the previous year, unemployment, and injection drug use were independently associated with exchange of sex for drugs or money; adjusted odds ratios were 1.2, 3.8, and 2.6, respectively. Findings show that HIV-related risk behaviors are common among female heroin users in China and that HIV harm reduction should be focused on female heroin users who exchange sex for drugs or money.
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Cassella, Stefan. "Illicit finance and money laundering trends in Eurasia." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-01-2018-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review recent examples of sophisticated money laundering operations involving financial institutions in Eurasia, including Russia and Moldova, and the resulting flow of licit and illicit capital from that part of the world to the UK, the USA, and other Western countries. Design/methodology/approach Relying on materials from publicly available sources, the study uses several case studies to illustrate various money laundering methods with a view toward identifying common elements and aspects of the schemes that might be considered new or innovative. Findings In particular, the study examines the roles that lax anti-money laundering compliance by financial institutions and the use of shell corporations designed to conceal the beneficial ownership of the companies and their assets have played in virtually all of the money laundering schemes. Originality/value The paper discusses the risks that these emerging money laundering methods pose to Western countries and their financial institutions and the approaches that governments might take to minimize those risks and raise the barriers for the laundering of illicit funds within their jurisdictions.
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Pliushcheva, Galina Vladimirovna. "Eaeu common regional currency." SHS Web of Conferences 94 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219401003.

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The operation and development of the economies of the EAEU countries is subject to the influence of external economic factors, while the single currency will eliminate the risks associated with the restriction of the use of the dollar due to sanctions and will reduce transaction costs. The article offers an approach for the formation of a single internal currency within the EAEU that is based on the following key provisions: firstly, in modern conditions, the role of digital financial assets (and, consequently, cryptocurrency) is gaining importance in economic regional interaction; secondly, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan have not fully legitimized digital financial assets, but partially recognize them, while preserving the resource-specific nature of the financial and economic sphere; thirdly, the global trend for the demand for an alternative type of money should be considered. The proposed approach is addressed to small regional economic and political associations, which makes it possible to fairly quickly consider current and future changes in pricing of one unit of currency. In addition, the proposed approach can be scaled based on the growing influence of the previous and new members of the regional economic association.
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Singh, Supriya. "Electronic Commerce and the Sociology of Money." Sociological Research Online 4, no. 4 (February 2000): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.383.

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There is seemingly little connection between conversations about electronic commerce at an OECD workshop in San Francisco and talk of ritual cash payments at a Maori funeral in New Zealand. Yet money is at the centre of both conversations. There is a hesitant acceptance in regional policy dialogues that the cultural meanings of money have to be taken into account before any consensus is possible on issues of electronic commerce. Recent sociological work on money is also questioning the duality of the market and society. In the last five years, there has also been interesting sociological work showing how social relations and cultural values shape different kinds of market, domestic and personal monies. It is also revealing the cultural distinctiveness of the media and forms of transfers. Sociologists of money, particularly in the United Kingdom, have addressed the management and control of money in the household and how these relate to social welfare payments. Sociologists are also addressing the use and non-use of electronic money in the home, relating it to social inclusion and exclusion. Policy makers and sociologists of money have areas of common interest. However, sociologists are mostly absent from this policy debate on electronic commerce. The challenge for sociologists is to first connect the new information and communication technologies to changes in the medium, form, meaning and relationships of money. We can then begin to forge a language that can address issues of electronic commerce and culture.
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Ersson, Eugenia Olavarría de, and Philip Shaw. "Verb complementation patterns in Indian Standard English." English World-Wide 24, no. 2 (December 5, 2003): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.2.02ers.

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Where English has two or more alternative complementation patterns for the same verb, their relative frequencies might vary among national varieties. This article investigates the relative frequencies of various complementation patterns among nine verbs whose complementation may differ between British and Indian English: provide, furnish, supply, entrust and present ; pelt, shower, pepper, bombard. A method was devised to use on-line Indian and British newspaper archives as a source of more examples than could be obtained from corpora. The results showed consistent differences between varieties. The construction “NP1-V-NP3-NP2” (he provided them money), though not common, was more likely to occur in Indian than in British newspaper English. The construction “NP1-V-NP3-with-NP2” (he provided them with money) was considerably more common for most verbs in British English than in Indian, relative to the alternative “NP1-V-NP2-to/for/at-NP3” (he provided money to them), illustrating the systematic nature of structural nativisation.
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Shiby, Ashik. "Detection of Fake Currency using Image Processing." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 10, 2021): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36348.

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In its definition, the term 'currency' defines an agreed-upon exchange item, the national currency being the legal entity used by the selected controlling entity. Throughout history, issuers have faced 1 common threat: counterfeit. In recent years fake money note has been printed that has resulted in significant losses and damage to society. Therefore, it becomes necessary to build a tool for earning money. This research project proposes a way to look at the note of counterfeit money distributed in our country through their image. After selecting an image use pre-processing. In pre-processing, the acquired image is cropped, smooth, and adjust. Change the image to grey-scale. After conversion use image separation. Features are extracted and reduce. Finally, compare the picture to be real or fake. Duplicate money has been a major problem in the market. There are currency counting machines available in banks and other trading venues to check financial authenticity. Most people do not have access to such programs which is why there is a need for fake money laundering software, which can be used by ordinary people. This proposed framework uses Image Processing to determine whether the money is real or counterfeit. The research project program is built entirely using Python's programming language. It has the methods such as grayscale conversion, edge detection, segmentation, etc.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Common use of money"

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Sachy, Marco. "Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude : toward a user-managed currency and payment system design." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40788.

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This thesis will begin with a critique to the orthodox paradigm in monetary economics. Secondly, I will offer a theoretical, economic, structural and biopolitical analyses of the origin, nature and effects of money on society. After a critique to conventional paradigm of money, I will then propose a semiotic genealogy of money followed by an analysis of the Common, the Multitude together with a tentative fourfold proposal for monetary reform, i.e. a monetary dispositif for the socio-economic emancipation of the Multitude from the rule of capital to build a new paradigm of money. In particular, I will discuss the literatures on basic income and the emerging notion for bottom-up welfare named Commonfare; the Neo-Chartalist approach to money; complementary, viz. subaltern currencies; and crypto-currencies and distributed ledgers technology. In turn, I will present the two qualitative methodologies that I endorsed to design and research four sites of inquiry in Iceland, Spain, Finland and Italy: Participatory Action Research and Critical Muti-Sited Ethnography. A discussion of fieldwork findings will follow. Moreover, I will offer a comparative analysis on fieldwork findings by identifying not only commonalities and differences among the four sites, but also by eliciting the limits of methodological choices. I will conclude this thesis by arguing to refine the theoretical framework introduced in the literature review; and notwithstanding personal and objective limitations to the application of the monetary dispositif in the real world, I will advocate for further inquiry on Money for the Common Wealth of the Multitude to increase the quality and effectiveness of the debate on suggestions for monetary reform.
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Fox, David Murray. "Tracing money at common law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361717.

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Summers, Katherine Elizabeth. "Money and meaning : how working-age social security recipients understand and use their money." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3794/.

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This thesis explores how working-age social security money in the UK is understood and used from the perspective of its recipients, using an approach that emphasises the ‘social meaning’ of money. The thesis is motivated by two initial observations. On the one hand, politicians and policymakers have demonstrated an awareness that social security money has the capacity to carry and communicate social meaning. Yet, on the other hand, the mostly individualistic, asocial, perspectives of neoclassical and (more recently) behavioural economics, have continued to dominate the way in which social security policy has been framed. Against this background, the main argument of the thesis is that both academics and policymakers have so far underestimated the social aspects of social security money on a micro level, within the lives of its recipients. A novel alternative perspective is proposed, drawing on insights from new economic sociology, that theorises social security money as constituted by social context, social relations, and social meanings. This theoretical perspective is explored empirically using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 43 working-age social security recipients living in East London. The interviews are analysed using a form of thematic analysis. The empirical findings are presented in three main sections that address the participants’ experiences of claiming, organising, and spending social security money. Based on these empirical findings, the thesis argues that four key concepts can help to clarify how working-age social security money is understood and used from the perspective of its recipients. These are: supplication and earned entitlement; control and responsibility; dependence and independence; and administratively-defined need. The thesis concludes by showing the implications of these key concepts for how policymakers approach the design of social security payments specifically, and how they might better understand recipients’ experiences of social security policy more generally.
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Downing, Carmen Garcia de 1950. "Common resource use in a Zapotec community." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292049.

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Who uses the forage resources under a communal land tenure system? Using data from a Mexican Indian community with a history of communal land tenure extending prior to the Conquest, the research explores and attempts to answer this question. The analysis is based on 1970 socio-economic data for 533 households, secondary sources, and 1987 field observations in a community of Zapotec farmers in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. The factors influencing who uses the communal resources include livestock ownership, wealth ranking, migration history, and participation in the local labor market. Although all members of the community have the right to graze animals on the commons, only a fraction of the wealthier households exercise this right. Consequently grazing pressure is minimized (reduced) compared to the potential grazing pressure that otherwise would be exerted if all the members of the community were to exercise their rights to use the forage resources at the same time.
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Celati, Benedetta. "La contribution juridique à l’alternative des communs dans une approche macro-institutionnelle." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0095.

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Le présent projet de thèse, élaboré dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre l’Université de Pise et l’Université Paris Est Marne la Vallée, vise à étudier l'impact du financement de l’Economie Sociale et Solidaire (ESS), interprétée comme modèle socio -économique ancré dans le paradigme du "commun", par rapport à sa capacité de transformation sociale, en France et en Italie. La recherche s’appuiera sur le cadre théorique de l'approche institutionnaliste en économie et se focalisera sur l'importance de l'élaboration juridique pour l'affiramtion de la diversité des systèmes et des institutions économiques. En tant que doctorant de sciences juridiques de l’Université de Pise en cotutelle avec l’Université de Paris Est dans le domaine des sciences économiques, je propose de compléter la recherche juridique classique, entendue comme l'analyse critique du droit positif, par des recherches relevant d’autres disciplines. Les hypothèses seront verifiées par des études de terrain en France et en Italie
The thesis, developed within the framework of an international co-direction agreement between the University of Paris Est Marne-La-Vallée, in France, and the University of Pise, in Italy, aims to explore the impact of instruments for financing Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS), understood as a social and econonomic model anchored in the paradigm of the "commons", in relation to her capacity for social transformation, in France and in Italy. The study will be based on the approch of Institutional economics and will focus on the importance of the legal development for the affirmation of the diversity of the economic systems and institutions. As a doctoral candidate in law at the University of Pise in co-direction with the University of Paris Est in the field of economics, I propose to improve the legal research with further researches in other disciplines. The hypothesis will be tested by field studies in France and in Italy
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Ouimette, Monique Y. "Common Scents?: Regulating the Use of Fragrances in Workplaces." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107526.

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Thesis advisor: Juliet B. Schor
Fragrances in consumer products have become a contested topic in daily life. Workplace fragrance policies problematize fragrances, which, for many people, are normal aspects of consumer products. This mixed-method dissertation focuses on employees in a large non-industrial workplace with a fragrance-free policy. It examines employee reactions to a policy that requests behavioral changes based on claims that everyday consumption of fragranced products may be harmful to employee health. In order to develop an understanding of how and to what extent fragrances and indoor air quality are problematized in the workplace, I engage a number of different constructs from environmental and consumer sociology. The dissertation expands upon constructs of contested illness (Brown, Kroll-Smith, & Gunter, 2000; Phillimore, Moffatt, Hudson, & Downey, 2000; Shriver & Webb, 2009); framings of environments in bodies (Kroll-Smith & Kelley, 2008); lay assessments of health impacts (Burton-Jeangros, 2011; Collins, 2010; Heikkinen, Patja, & Jallinoja, 2010; O'Sullivan & Stakelum, 2004; Scammell, Senier, Darrah-Okike, Brown, & Santos, 2009) and understandings of the role of scents in social life (Largey & Watson, 1972; Low, 2006; Synnott, 1991). My findings show that a majority of participants understand fragrance impacts through an individual health frame, as an allergy, that locates the problems associated with fragrance within the bodies of specific individuals who exhibit symptoms due to fragrance exposures. While this orientation has had positive impacts on the implementation of the policy and reducing corresponding impacts on those who are Fragrance Sensitive, the degree to which fragrances have been problematized is limited by understandings of fragrance impacts as allergies. The limiting framework of fragrance sensitivity as allergy has practical efficacy because it helps employees to connect with the idea that fragrances cause health issues for some individuals. However, it also stymies assessments and connections to potential broader environmental health impacts of fragrances in part because allergens such as pollen are generally viewed as benign and only problematic to the anomalous individuals who experience reactions. Limitations of the framework are reinforced by established moral and cultural assessments of good and bad fragrances and the appropriate use of fragrances (Low, 2006; Synnott, 1991). This dissertation examines what happens when people are confronted with information that the industrial traces associated with their consumption practices - in this case wearing and using fragranced products on their bodies and in their work environments - may be contributing to negative health outcomes for their coworkers. This study is the first to analyze the social dimensions of the use of synthetic fragrances in connection to environmental health impacts in the context of everyday life. The findings have relevance for other organizations considering regulation of fragrances as well as for efforts to use health rationales to encourage changes in consumption practices
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Loustau, Jeffrey J. (Jeffrey Justin). "Common ground--the promise of mixed-income/mixed-use development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13419.

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郭悦生 and Yuet-sang Kwok. "Helping an autistic student to use money in daily life: a case study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256624.

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Bain, Douglas. "The use and management of common property in land in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=205225.

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The development of the law in Scotland in respect of the co-ownership of property has been undermined by an early philosophical prejudice against the idea of co-ownership, coupled with the indiscriminate and imprecise use of language in the judgments of the courts, particularly in the Nineteenth Century. But nevertheless, co-ownership – an essential concept in the property law of any developed legal system - is a common, popular, and economically useful form of ownership, which may arise by accident or by design; and the law has accordingly been subject to periodic legal ‘correction' by way of judicial fiat. Such corrections may have resolved particular questions in law, but they have left other questions unanswered and have also had the effect of posing new questions. In particular, the modern orthodoxy, which posits a binary structure of co-ownership in Scotland, is questionable and unhelpful. The law in respect of co-ownership has undeniably advanced in recent years, but there have also been missed opportunities. This thesis seeks to clarify the development of the understanding and articulation of the concept of co-ownership and its role in Scotland as a contribution to a better understanding of an important aspect of property law with continuing utility in legal development.
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Dusitsin, Krid, and Kurt Kosbar. "Accuracy of Computer Simulations that use Common Pseudo-random Number Generators." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609238.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
In computer simulations of communication systems, linear congruential generators and shift registers are typically used to model noise and data sources. These generators are often assumed to be close to ideal (i.e. delta correlated), and an insignificant source of error in the simulation results. The samples generated by these algorithms have non-ideal autocorrelation functions, which may cause a non-uniform distribution in the data or noise signals. This error may cause the simulation bit-error-rate (BER) to be artificially high or low. In this paper, the problem is described through the use of confidence intervals. Tests are performed on several pseudo-random generators to access which ones are acceptable for computer simulation.
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Books on the topic "Common use of money"

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ill, Harris Phyllis 1962, ed. Uses her common cents. Edina, MN: Magic Wagon, 2009.

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Zaman, M. English in common use. Lahore: Rabia Book House, 2000.

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Issing, Otmar. Europe, political union through common money? London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1996.

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Terry Savage talks money: The common-sense guide to money matters. Chicago, Ill: Dearborn Financial Pub., 1990.

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Felicia, Law, ed. Common cents: The money in your pocket. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books, 2006.

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Rukeyser, Merryle Stanley. The common sense of money and investments. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Boeschoten, W. C. Currency use and payment patterns. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.

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Resor, Randolph R. Catalog of "common use" rail corridors. Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 2003.

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Herbs for common ailments. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

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Hendrick, David A. Money management for contractors: A common sense approach. Washington, D.C: Associated Builders and Contractors, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Common use of money"

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Jackson, Mark Laurence, and Mark Hanlen. "Common Use." In Securing Urbanism, 375–429. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9964-4_8.

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Whiting, D. P. "The Use of Money." In Mastering Banking, 65–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17757-8_5.

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Teng, Wen-Hua. "Common errors." In The Accurate Use of Chinese, 243–302. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003024347-28.

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Fry, John, John Trounce, and Martin Godfrey. "Common Acute Infections." In Commonsense use of Medicines, 135–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1295-3_12.

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Felber, Christian. "Common Good Oriented Banks." In Money - The New Rules of the Game, 83–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67352-3_10.

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Dryden, Windy, and Michael Neenan. "Use a Common Language." In Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy, 32–34. Third edition. | London ; New York : Routledge, 2021. | Series: 100 key points: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003132493-10.

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Liao, Sean. "Common Mobile Use Cases." In Migrating to Android for iOS Developers, 337–426. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0010-0_7.

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Davis, E. P., and S. G. B. Henry. "The Use of Financial Spreads as Indicators of Real Activity." In Money and Banking, 261–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13319-2_14.

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Kenealy, Timothy W., and Bruce Arroll. "Antibiotic use for common cold." In Commond Cold, 237–47. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9912-2_11.

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Malhotra, Raj. "Common Use Cases with JPA." In Rapid Java Persistence and Microservices, 75–114. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4476-0_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Common use of money"

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Roy, Ranjan Kumar, Koyel Ghosh, and Apurbalal Senapati. "Stock Price Prediction: LSTM Based Model." In Intelligent Computing and Technologies Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.115.19.

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Stock price prediction is a critical field used by most business people and common or retail people who tried to increase their money by value with respect to time. People will either gain money or loss their entire life savings in stock market activity. It is a chaos system. Building an accurate model is complex as variation in price depends on multiple factors such as news, social media data, and fundamentals, production of the company, government bonds, historical price and country's economics factor. Prediction model which considers only one factor might not be accurate. Hence incorporating multiple factors news, social media data and historical price might increase the model's accuracy. This paper tried to incorporate the issue when someone implements it as per the model outcome. It cannot give the proper result when someone implements it in real life since capital market data is very sensitive and news-driven. To avoid such a situation, we use the hedging concept when implemented.
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Schappell, Bruce G., and Gregory G. Rucker. "Innovative Integration of Decommissioning and Deactivation Program With Soil-Groundwater Clean Up Program Has Positive Results on Budget and Schedule: A Case Study." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7199.

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An innovative approach to integrate the activities of a decommissioning and deactivation program (D&D) with a soil-groundwater clean up program has had significant positive results saving both money and time at the Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site. The accomplishments that have been achieved by the combining the two programs have been remarkable including significant cost savings, economies of scale for sampling and document generation, and alignment of common objectives. Because of the coordination of both activities area-wide “end states” can be formulated and be consistent with the customers’ cleanup goals and federal regulations. This coordinates and aligns both the environmental clean up and D&D objectives because each must be addressed simultaneously and comprehensively. In this respect, resources from both organizations can be pooled to take advantage of the strengths of each. The new approach allows more efficient use of lean financial resources and optimizes workforce activities to attain the common objectives while being more cost effective, more protective of the environment, and optimizing the use existing resources.
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Acuff, Samuel, Nicholas Simon, and James Murphy. "Effort Expenditure and Cannabis Use: Testing the Amotivational Hypothesis." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.32.

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Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the US and appears to have an indirect effect on dopamine (DA) output in the mesolimbic projection, a circuit implicated in reward processing and effort expenditure. Thus, some have suggested that cannabis use might be associated with aberrant effort-based decision making. The most popular theory positing changes in motivation due to cannabis use is the amotivation syndrome hypothesis, which suggests that chronic cannabis use results in impaired executive functioning, arousal, and affective reactivity leading to reduced capacity for goal-directed behavior other than drug seeking. However, only one study has examined this among cannabis users, and the results suggested no difference between cannabis and non-cannabis users. Further, other studies suggest greater effort expenditure among the substance using groups compared to controls. The current study extends these findings by examining the relation between cannabis use and effort-related decision making in a sample of college students. Cannabis using (n = 25) and non-cannabis using (n = 22) students completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT), in which participants choose between a ‘hard’ task that requires pressing a button 100 times with the nondominant little finger for a large sum of money (high effort/high reward) or an ‘easy’ task that requires pressing a button 30 times with the dominant index finger for a smaller sum of money (low effort/low reward). Results were then compared between the cannabis and non-cannabis using groups. On average, participants selected the hard trials 46% of the time (SD = 19%). Participants successfully completed the hard trials 74% of the time (SD 29%), while they completed the easy trials 97% of the time (SD = 6%). No participant selected only hard or easy trials during the duration of the task. Cannabis users (M=41.40, SD=3.55) completed significantly fewer trials compared to nonusers (M=43.64, SD=3.74). Further, Nonusers (M=26.82, SD=10.01) selected easy trials significantly more often compared to cannabis users (M=21.40, SD=8.34), and nonusers (M=99%, SD=2%) also successfully completed easy trials more often compared to cannabis users (M=95%, SD=7%). However, cannabis users and nonusers did not differ in the number of hard trials selected (Cannabis users M=16.82, SD=5.67; Nonusers M=16.82, SD=7.68) or the percentage of successfully completed hard trials out of the total number of hard trials (Cannabis users M=72%, SD=27%; Nonusers M=76%, SD =32%). Both the reward magnitude and probability of reward receipt predicted greater likelihood of selecting a hard trial. In generalized estimating equation models, past month cannabis days and cannabis use disorder symptoms predicted the likelihood of selecting a hard trial, such that greater levels of both cannabis use days and symptoms were associated with an increased likelihood after controlling for reward value, probability, and expected value. The results suggest that college students who use cannabis are more likely to expend effort, even after controlling for the magnitude of the reward and the probability of reward receipt, suggesting the possibility for aberrant reward processing, albeit in the opposite direction of the amotivational syndrome hypothesis.
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Garwood, Dan. "Standardization and Delegation of Pipeline Sizing Calculations." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90584.

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For all pipeline projects, a method must be chosen to select the pipe diameter. These methods range in complexity from someone’s “gut feel” to transient multi-phase optimization studies. Regardless of the project’s complexity or scope, pipeline sizing calculations require some common decisions. The pipeline designer must decide what fluid flow rates or ranges of fluid flow rates to use in the design. The designer must also determine what criteria to use to select the pipe size (usually fluid velocity, pressure loss, and/or pressure loss gradients). More complex and rigorous analyses of pipeline projects have some significant advantages. On some projects they may save money by avoiding over-sizing that can occur due to conservative assumptions that are often used in less rigorous analyses. More rigorous analyses typically have the advantage of being run by a very experienced engineer, who is likely to understand the fundamental principles of the calculations better than a less experienced engineer who might run a less rigorous analysis. There are also disadvantages to the more rigorous design approaches. The software required is often expensive, and training required may also have a significant cost in time and money. The pool of users capable of performing such studies may also be very limited. Complex, rigorous design studies also require more extensive assumptions, which may lead to wider variations in results from one engineer to another. The increased complexity of the analysis makes it more difficult to convey the assumptions to management—limiting the transparency of the design process. This paper describes a standardized approach to the pipeline sizing process. This approach allows the pipeline designer to delegate portions of the design work to personnel who are not experienced hydraulics engineers. For more complex projects, the standardization is limited to recommended pipe sizing criteria based on velocity, pressure loss, and pressure gradient. For less complex projects, two spreadsheet-based tools have been developed to further standardize the process and allow delegation of design tasks to those not familiar with more complex pipeline design tools.
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Sultakeev, Kadyrbek, and Metin Bayrak. "The Impact of Microfinance on Poverty: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01568.

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Nowadays, the microfinance market is growing rapidly. Microfinance is becoming more common in the Kyrgyzstan market, complementing the traditional banking segment. However, how much microfinance affected the poverty is a subject for debate. Giving low income household money may lift them out of poverty for a short period of time but when the credit is spent borrowers fall back into poverty. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of microfinance practices on poverty in Kyrgyzstan. The data were obtained from 521 microfinance clients in all districts and two largest cities. These are: Chuy, Naryn, Talas, Jalal Abad, Osh, Batken districts and Osh and Bishkek cities. A logit regressional analysis was used to determine the variables that affected poverty in Kyrgyzstan.
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Meling, Eyvind Morten, Houssam Mourani, and Brian Joseph Schwanitz. "The Case for Combining Well Intervention Solutions to Optimize Production and Reduce Risk Exposure." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205889-ms.

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Abstract While optimizing hydrocarbon production, combining well intervention solutions can enable significant benefits due to reductions in risk exposure: fewer rig-ups and downs, less in-the-hole operating time and the carbon production and costs associated with rig time, especially when working from sub-sea intervention vessels. Operators in general, prefer to achieve multiple intervention objectives in a single descent in the well, if the operations complexity does not increase the risk exposure to an unacceptable level. Often, the risk of a mis-run, causing a second run, meets the cost vs value criteria for acceptable risk, when the large operating time savings of a successful combined run is considered. In collaboration with a mechanical e-line provider, North Sea operators developed three reliable combination solutions which increased their operational efficiency. Combining these most run services under more standard, common scope of work procedures, saved the operator time in planning, execution, risk exposure and money, while enabling them to produce hydrocarbons in the saved time. This paper will present the technology involved with these combined services, use a typical example of each and the cost savings achieved.
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Dai, Chong, Zhaoyi Dai, Samiridhdi Paudyal, Saebom Ko, Yue Zhao, Xin Wang, Xuanzhu Yao, Amy Kan, and Mason Tomson. "New Kinetic Turbidity Test Method and Prediction Model for Calcite Inhibition." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204398-ms.

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Abstract Calcite, as one of the most common scales in oilfield can be inhibited by common scale inhibitors. The measurement of calcite nucleation and inhibition is a challenge, because of the difficulty to control pH as a result of CO2 partitioning in and out of the aqueous phase. A new kinetic turbidity test method was developed so that the partial pressure of CO2, pH, and SI can be precisely controlled. Calcite nucleation and inhibition batch tests were conducted under various conditions (SI = 0.24-2.41, T = 4-175 °C, and pH = 5.5-7.5) in the presence of common phosphonate and polymeric inhibitors. Based on experimental results, calcite nucleation and inhibition semi-empirical models are proposed, and the logarithm of the predicted induction time is in good agreement with the measured induction time. The models are also validated with laboratory and field observations. Furthermore, a new BCC CSTR Inhibition (BCIn) test method that applied the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) theory has been developed, for the first time. This BCIn method was used for calcite inhibitor screening tests and minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) estimation. By only running one experiment (< 1 hour) for each inhibitor, BCIn method selected the effective inhibitors among 18 common inhibitors under the conditions of SI = 1.23 at 90 °C and pH = 6. It was also found that the critical concentration (Ccrit) from BCIn method has a correlation with the MIC from batch tests. This study provided a simple and reliable solution for conducting calcite scale inhibition tests in an efficient and low-cost way. Furthermore, the newly developed prediction models can be used as guidance for laboratory tests and field applications, potentially saving enormous amounts of time and money.
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Zhao, Wei, and Shenjun Xu. "Mathematical Modeling for Contingency Determination for Nuclear Power Plant Construction Projects." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31254.

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This paper uses the China AP1000 project as an example to exhibit the application of quantitative risk management in nuclear power plant construction projects. For those lump sum contracts, one of the most significant purposes of quantitative risk management is to determine the contingency, i.e. the reserved money and time for projects. This paper studies the application of Monte Carlo simulation in determining the contingency, taking into account the distinctive features of nuclear power projects. Most nuclear power projects, especially advanced ones such as Generation III and above, meet one common obstacle in estimating key economic indicators — the absence of historical data due to its avant-garde design. As cost estimators of the coal power plant contractors may collect their data from thousands of previous cases, nuclear power plant contractors, especially in many developing countries, do not have a shared database of financial data. Some first-of-a-kind nuclear power plants have absolutely no historical data to look up. This paper aims to provide a resolution to this problem. First, the feasibility and representativeness of different probability distributions are compared based on their respective skewness and kurtosis to determine the best-suited distribution in nuclear power projects. This paper also analyzes the use of second-order Monte Carlo simulation in reducing the error caused by the biased estimation of inexperienced risk assessment engineers.
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Kozhobekov, Muratbek. "Economic Structure of Early Medieval Kyrgyz." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01799.

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The level of the command economy is primarily determined by how it is adapted to the environment and then using only spectacular food-producing economy to nasushnoy needs of the population. The close relationship between the natural and geographical conditions and economic activities shows the ethno-political determenirovannost nomadic society. Despite the huge reservoir of the study and the availability of general works on the history of the Kyrgyz period under consideration, remain controversial questions of economic structure, species composition of herds, the existence of ancillary hozyayaystva, the value and location of the household and the level of development of commodity-money relations. The use of empirical research base and the historical and cultural interpretation of material evidence allow rekonstruktrirovat structure of the economy and the Kyrgyz life.
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Saathoff, Fokke, Stefan Cantré, and Jan Olschewski. "The Need for Multifunctional Dikes in Europe – the MultiDikes Project Concept." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.038.

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In Europe there is a considerable interest in new flood protection technologies. In case of sea or river dikes, the land consumption is an important issue, particularly in densely populated urban areas or when other land uses are compromised. However, dikes are generally restricted to the function of flood protection. Only few additional functions are common, such as roads and pathways, which often cause difficulties regarding the planning, construction and maintenance of dikes. The concept of dikes with multiple functions is therefore new. Some innovations are being developed in the Netherlands while in Germany and the rest of Europe these concepts are yet unknown – with the exception of a new prospect regarding woody plants on dams and dikes which is under investigation in Austria and Germany. The lack of multifunctionality also results from the respective laws and regulations, in which the usability of dike construction is strongly restricted. This should be discussed and rethought. The need for multifunctional dike concepts was approved by the German BMBF by funding a seed money project for a duration of 2 years. In this preparatory project, a larger EU cooperation project will be developed, in which the need for multifunctional flood protections and possible solutions will be investigated for different model regions around Europe. This paper presents the general concept and first ideas with the aim of finding additional partners and to start the discussion in the geotechnical research community.
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Reports on the topic "Common use of money"

1

Rose, Andrew. One Money, One Market: Estimating the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7432.

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Ahmed, Haseeb, and Benjamin Cowan. Mobile Money and Healthcare Use: Evidence from East Africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25669.

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Cole, David N., Margaret E. Petersen, and Robert C. Lucas. Managing wilderness recreation use: common problems and potential solutions. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-230.

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Hedberg, R., B. Greenblatt, R. Moats, and M. Wahl. A Tagged Index Object for use in the Common Indexing Protocol. RFC Editor, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2654.

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Mell, P., and T. Grance. Use of the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) vulnerability naming scheme. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-51.

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Lagerveld, Sander, René Janssen, Karina Stienstra, Jan Boshamer, Marinka van Puijenbroek, Bart Noort, and Steve C. V. Geelhoed. Home range and habitat use of common noctules in the Dutch coastal zone. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/549783.

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Markowitz, Sara, and John Tauras. Even For Teenagers, Money Does Not Grow on Trees: Teenage Substance Use and Budget Constraints. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12300.

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Author, Not Given. Clean Cities Tools: Tools to Help You Save Money, Use Less Petroleum, and Reduce Emissions (Brochure). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035399.

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Mowris, Robert J. Energy Efficiency and Least-Cost Planning: The Best Way to Save Money and Reduce Energy Use in Hawaii. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882363.

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Parish, Simon, Marc J. Cohen, and Tigist Mekuria. Follow the Money: Using International Aid Transparency Initiative data to trace development aid flows to their end use. Oxfam; Development Initiatives, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.1800.

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