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1
Maher, Imelda. "Re-bordering the Common Travel Area." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 75, no. 3 (October 4, 2024): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v75i3.1117.
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The Common Travel Area (CTA) promises – and has delivered – extraordinary benefits for British and Irish citizens for over a century. Here, we briefly outline the scattered and diverse legal norms around the CTA. We then look at how it encapsulates a narrow view of citizenship before briefly outlining the challenges posed by Covid which underline how important political goodwill is to this free movement arrangement.
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Ryan, Bernard. "The Common Travel Area between Britain and Ireland." Modern Law Review 64, no. 6 (November 2001): 831–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.00356.
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de Mars, Sylvia, and C. R. G. Murray. "With or Without EU? The Common Travel Area After Brexit." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (July 2020): 815–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.46.
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AbstractThe Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) concluded between the UK and Ireland in May 2019 provides one of the few clear legacies of Theresa May’s premiership. The Common Travel Area (CTA) between Ireland, the UK, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man provides the basis for domestic immigration and nationality laws which permit Irish citizens to reside in the UK and for them to be treated as “not foreign” in the context of UK domestic laws concerning access to healthcare, employment, social security, political participation, and education. Yet it has long lacked legal definition. The UK and Ireland reciprocate, to a rough extent, these rights for each other’s citizens. The MoU and related developments mark the first steps towards clarifying the CTA’s scope. The rush to conclude this MoU and alter parts of both countries’ domestic law relating to the CTA nonetheless illustrate the fragile state of Ireland–UK relations with Brexit looming. This Article explores whether these reforms will enable people who rely upon the CTA as a foundation of life outside their home country to protect their interests through litigation, and reflects upon the relationship between these arrangements and the protections for EU citizens proposed under the UK–EU Withdrawal Agreement.
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de Mars, Sylvia, and C. R. G. Murray. "With or Without EU? The Common Travel Area After Brexit – ERRATUM." German Law Journal 22, no. 5 (August 2021): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.30.
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BUTLER, Graham, and Gavin BARRETT. "Europe’s ‘Other’ Open-Border Zone: The Common Travel Area under the Shadow of Brexit." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 20 (December 2018): 252–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cel.2018.10.
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AbstractIn recent years, the Schengen Area—and the suppression within its territory of border controls—has become a strong focus of attention. This article focuses on another region of Europe where such controls have been suppressed: the Common Travel Area (‘CTA’). Historically, both Ireland and the United Kingdom have rejected membership of the Schengen system—albeit securing certain ‘opt-in’ rights—and instead maintained the CTA between their respective jurisdictions. The CTA has, however, garnered relatively little public attention until recently, when concerns as to the implications of Brexit for the maintenance of an open border between Ireland and Northern Ireland have gained ground, and threatened to be a deal breaker in the negotiations under Article 50 TEU on UK exit from the EU (‘Brexit’). This article examines the background to the CTA, exploring its surprisingly fluid legal framework; its development in the legal systems of Ireland and the United Kingdom; and subsequently, how it was exempted from what is now EU law as the Schengen arrangements were integrated into the Union. The recent introduction of the British-Irish Visa Scheme, which formalises some visa rules regarding citizens of third states, and which tends in the direction of consolidating CTA arrangements, is also examined. The article further explores the challenges that confront the CTA in coping with the outcome of the June 2016 Brexit referendum, which should result in the UK leaving the European Union in March 2019, and the implications of Brexit for the CTA. Finally, it seeks to identify some key characteristics of the CTA in light of experience to date.
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Czyżak, Krzysztof. "Motyw podróży w czasie w grach cyfrowych – podstawowe typy mechanik." Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 33, no. 42 (July 3, 2023): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/i.2023.33.42.9.
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This article is an attempt to describe the ways in which the theme of time travel functions in video games. The text presents the two most common types of incorporating time travel into game mechanics. In the first type, an avatar has the ability to manipulate gameworld time. In the second case, time travel is simulated by a transfer of the avatar into a different game area. The article constitutes a step towards more advanced research on time travel in video games.
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Ben-Ari, Tamara, Gaëlle Lefort, Jérome Mariette, Olivier Aumont, Laurent Jeanneau, Alexandre Santerne, Aymeric Spiga, and Philippe-e. Roche. "Flight quotas outperform focused mitigation strategies in reducing the carbon footprint of academic travel." Environmental Research Letters 19, no. 5 (April 12, 2024): 054008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad30a6.
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Abstract The carbon footprint of academia has become a prominent concern and a burgeoning research area, with a notable focus on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from research-related travels. Mitigation strategies often promote alternatives, such as developing virtual communication or adopting sustainable transportation modes for short distances. While more ambitious strategies involving the transformation of research practices are increasingly discussed, these mitigation solutions are rarely subjected to rigorous quantitative assessments or meaningful comparisons. This study analyzes a unique database of about 130 000 travel segments by car, train and plane in 159 research entities across a wide array of disciplines in France. We investigate the patterns and associated carbon footprint of these research travels and explore a diversity of mitigation options. Our analysis shows that air travel overwhelmingly outweighs the carbon footprint of research travel, representing more than 96% of GHG emissions. Intercontinental flights are infrequent (less than 10% of all plane trips) but dominate GHG travel emissions, accounting for over 64% of total emissions. In contrast, domestic and continental flights are the most common but their mitigation potential by modal shift to train is limited (e.g. less than 15% for trips under 1000 km). Similar reductions can be achieved by targeting a small subset of travels, for example by modulating the frequency of conference attendance. The greatest and possibly most robust mitigation potential lies in combining modal shift with moderating air mileage (e.g. reducing travelled distance or number of flights). Strategies focusing on electrification or modal shifts for cars, proposed in official guidelines, are found to have negligible impact. In the absence of low-carbon alternatives for long-haul flights, we contend that only comprehensive strategies and policies which include moderating air travel distance or frequency can achieve a robust significant reduction in the GHG emissions from academic travel.
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Estrada, Joana, Cláudia Conceição, Gonçalo Figueiredo Augusto, and Rosa Teodósio. "What Do Travelers Know about Traveler’s Diarrhea? Impact of a Pre-Travel Consultation in the Lisbon Area, Portugal." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, no. 10 (October 8, 2024): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9100232.
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Traveler’s diarrhea (TD) is one of the most common travel-related health problems, largely interfering with planned activities and potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to characterize the knowledge about TD among pre-travel consultation users of one Portuguese travel clinic and determine the impact of the consultation on knowledge levels. Using a quasi-experimental, separate-sample pretest–posttest design, participants were randomly assigned to two groups: control/pre-consultation group (CG) or experimental/post-consultation group (EG). An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 470 participants were analyzed (227 CG; 243 EG). The EG/post-consultation group showed significant improvement in knowledge, with correct answers increasing from 63% to 75% (p < 0.001). However, knowledge gaps persisted: over 50% were unaware of TD’s self-limited nature, 30% did not recognize loperamide as a symptom reliever, and 36% believed all travelers should take antibiotics to prevent TD. The educational level and previous travel outside Europe influenced baseline knowledge; previous travel medicine consultations and information on TD improved knowledge in both groups and made it easier to acquire knowledge on the subject. Thus, a pre-travel consultation effectively increased travelers’ TD knowledge. However, post-consultation knowledge levels remained suboptimal, indicating the need for targeted interventions to increase travelers’ literacy and optimize pre-travel consultations.
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Miller, Eric J., and Matthew J. Roorda. "Prototype Model of Household Activity-Travel Scheduling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1831, no. 1 (January 2003): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1831-13.
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The Toronto Area Scheduling Model for Household Agents (TASHA), a new prototype activity scheduling microsimulation model, generates activity schedules and travel patterns for a 24-h typical weekday for all persons in a household. The prototype model is based solely on conventional trip diary data and therefore is applicable in many urban areas where activity data may not be available. The model makes use of the concept of the project, a "container" of activities with a common goal, to organize activity episodes into the schedules of persons in a household. A heuristic, or rule-based, method is used to organize activities into projects and then to form schedules for interacting household members. The TASHA model is considered to be a successful first attempt to operationalize a generalized conceptual model of household decision making, with reasonable correspondence between model and observed trip rates and chain characteristics.
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Raczyńska-Buława, Ewa. "Some issues of children’s mobility." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.010.
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Parents with young children are rarely target groups of actions in the area of transport policy. In terms of long-distance bus communication, it can be said that the travel potential of this group of passengers is not used. It is easier and more common to travel by car. Combined railway and regional bus transport tickets seems to be a particularly difficult subject even if this is a convenient solution for the passenger. In everyday trips in urban areas, children are accustomed to the fact that the car is used even for distances amounting to several hundred meters.
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Pearre, Nathaniel S., Lukas G. Swan, Erin Burbidge, Sarah Balloch, Logan Horrocks, Brendan Piper, and Julia Anctil. "Regional Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Network Design Using Common Public Data." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13110212.
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Electric vehicles rely on public fast charging when traveling outside a single charge range. Networks of fast charging hubs are a preferred solution, but should be deployed according to a design that avoids both redundant infrastructure representing overinvestment, and “charging deserts” which limit travel by EVs and thus inhibit EV adoption. We present a two-stage design strategy for a network of charging hubs relying on common public data including maps of roadways and electrical systems, and ubiquitous and readily accessible daily traffic volume data. First, the network design is based on the electrical distribution system, roadways, and a target inter-hub driving distance. Second, the number of fast chargers necessary at each hub to support expected vehicle kilometers is determined such that queuing to charge is infrequent. A case study to prepare Nova Scotia, Canada for the 2030 electric fleet of 15% of vehicles results in a network design with an average hub catchment area of 1230 km2 and 354 electric vehicles per fast charger, and ensures that they are equitably distributed and can enable travel by EV throughout the jurisdiction.
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Holder, Daniel. "Neither hard nor soft but racist? The Good Friday Agreement and the Irish border after Brexit." Race & Class 59, no. 2 (August 18, 2017): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396817725443.
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This is an edited version of a talk given by a human rights activist from Belfast on 26 June 2017 at a seminar, held at IRR, to discuss the implications of ‘Brexit’ on the Good Friday Agreement and the UK-Ireland Common Travel Area. The talk took place on the day of publication of the ‘confidence and supply’ agreement between the Democratic Unionist Party and the minority Conservative government. It discussed the prospects for the Good Friday Agreement in terms of the new alliance; whether populist anti-migrant racism will become institutionalised via discretionary border checks and entry decisions; how the ethos and actions of the UK Border Force fit with the peace settlement’s promise of non-discriminatory, human rights-compliant and accountable policing, and whether Brexit spells the end of the Common Travel Area and the further isolation of migrant communities.
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Singleton, Patrick A. "How Useful is Travel-Based Multitasking? Evidence from Commuters in Portland, Oregon." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 50 (June 1, 2018): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118776151.
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As research on travel-based multitasking—doing other things while traveling—becomes more common, some studies also investigate the quality or value of activity participation during travel. This idea of travel usefulness is a component of the positive utility of travel concept; understanding the benefits of travel-based multitasking is important for calculating accurate economic values trading-off travel time and other variables. This study analyzed travel usefulness and its potential determinants using a 2016 survey of about 650 commuters in the Portland, Oregon, area. Ordered logit models identified factors associated with subjective assessments of the overall usefulness of activity participation while on a recent commute trip. Around 90% of walk and bicycle commuters reported useful commutes, as did about half of transit commuters and auto passengers; however, half of auto drivers viewed their commutes as wasted time. Younger travelers, those with less frequent commutes, and people who reported “doing nothing” or more passive activities (window-gazing, daydreaming) on the trip were more likely to consider their commuting time to be a waste. Traveler perceptions were more closely associated with travel usefulness than sociodemographic characteristics. Results suggested that exercise and the physical activity benefits of walking and bicycling may be considered a useful form of travel-based multitasking. Overall, few common and traditionally productive multitasked activities appeared to be useful. Instead, commuters may be doing things more to pass the time than to make productive use of it. These findings offer implications for understanding travel behavior interventions and the potential use of autonomous vehicles.
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Li and Zhou. "The Influence of Urban Flooding on Residents’ Daily Travel: A Case Study of Macau with Proposed Ameliorative Strategies." Water 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091825.
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Climate change has resulted in more extreme weather events in coastal cities, and understanding how daily life is impacted is crucial to make effective adaptation measures. Using Macau as a testbed, this research describes examines the impacts of flooding caused by storm surges on residents’ daily travel and proposes measures to ameliorate disaster risks. Spatial extents of urban floods were modelled through inundation simulations using geographical information data. An analysis of the travel distance increases from residents’ homes to common types of destinations was performed both under normal conditions and during flood events in GIS (Geographic Information System) to assess the influence of urban flooding on residents’ daily travel. The results show that one third of the land is threatened by floods in Macau. People’s average travel distance increases as the warning levels escalate, and travel distance is predicted to rise by up to 64.5%. Based on the findings, the study proposes mitigation strategies to minimize urban flooding’s impacts. It suggests that the area more densely populated is not necessarily the one requiring the deployment of preventative measures with the highest priority, as a traffic analysis is identified as the key area which demands disaster prevention measures.
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Faghih Imani, Ahmadreza, Chris Harding, Siva Srikukenthiran, Eric J. Miller, and Khandker Nurul Habib. "Lessons from a Large-Scale Experiment on the Use of Smartphone Apps to Collect Travel Diary Data: The “City Logger” for the Greater Golden Horseshoe Area." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 7 (June 9, 2020): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120921860.
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Smartphones offer a potential alternative to collect high-quality information on the travel patterns of individuals without burdening the respondents with reporting every detail of their travel. Smartphone apps have recently become a common tool for travel survey data collection around the world, especially for multiday surveys. However, there still exists a lack of systematic assessment of issues related to smartphone app-based surveys, such as the impact of app design or the recruitment method on the collected data. Through a large-scale experiment (named the City Logger), this paper assesses the data produced by the City Logger app, to better understand recruitment avenues (targeted invitation versus crowdsourcing), and examine differences in respondents’ travel behavior recruited through crowdsourcing methods. The paper also examines how app design, and particularly the user input method for trip validation, influences participants’ responses. The results indicate that, while crowdsourcing recruitment is promising, it might not yet be the best way to capture a true representation of the population. For app design, a combination of real-time and travel diary approaches is recommended. An ideal app would prompt users real-time and create a travel diary, so users can validate, edit, or delete the recorded information.
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Xie, Xin. "Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Differences in China’s Provincial Tourism Economy Based on Parallel Data Model and IoT Applications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1431345.
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From a temporal perspective, this paper examines the scale, current development, business versatility, and overall work effects of regional the movement business work, taking into account the three-level proportions of the degree of the movement business in the context of the common Internet of Things. From a spatial standpoint, we recognize the adjacent city as the primary investigative unit, take on various markers, and lead an extensive assessment of the territorial improvement of the provincial travel industry work through even and vertical correlations. This paper utilizes numerous direct relapse examinations to set up the connection between the advancement level of the district of the travel industry economy and the impacting factors; arranged by size of impact, they are the travel industry asset gift, area traffic conditions, and monetary turn of events. Utilizing a blend of a solitary pointer and various markers, the area of the travel industry economy is assessed and dissected for contrasts in existence. We select the absolute travel industry income as a pointer and use strategies like reach. To assess the time difference of the movement of the business economy in each location, standard deviation, coefficient of assortment, and coefficient were used. To examine the data, we use the Granger causality test and several methodology components influencing the travel industry work nearby and the development mode. Through the foundation of a primary model of the travel industry work development element framework, causality test and different strategies are taken on to examine the provincial travel industry business affecting variables and development techniques, and the outcomes show that the local travel industry business development mode is a speculation driven the travel industry work development mode.
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Cai, Jiexiong, and Hao Zheng. "Gaussian beam velocity tomography based on azimuth-opening angle domain common imaging gathers." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 16, no. 5 (September 13, 2019): 992–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxz061.
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Abstract Ray-based tomography in the imaging domain, implemented with seismic migration, is currently widely used in industrial applications. However, conventional ray-based tomography has some inherent problems, such as shadow area, multi-path problem and so on, which limit the inversion accuracy. To alleviate these problems, we proposed Gaussian beam velocity tomography (GBT) based on azimuth-opening angle domain common imaging gathers (ADCIGs). According to the first-order Born and Rytov approximations, we derived a linear relationship between travel-time perturbation and velocity perturbation in the imaging domain, by which we construct the explicit expression of the sensitivity kernel function and use a Gaussian beam operator to compute the kernel. Furthermore, by introducing the preconditioned model regularization, a method of GBT under the constraint of a structure-guided filter is derived. Iterative applications of migration and tomography, both based on a Gaussian beam propagator, embody the idea of integrating velocity inversion and imaging. Numerical tests on both synthetic data and field data demonstrate that Gaussian beam propagator-based travel-time tomography in the imaging domain is effective.
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Roelan, Tiffany. "Cutaneous Larva Migrans in Urban Area: A Case Report." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210930.
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Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic skin disorder caused by the infestation of animal hookworm larvae, the most common being Ancylostoma braziliense. The larvae penetrate the skin surface and subsequently migrate to the epidermis, leaving a typical manifestation of linear or serpiginous erythematous burrow-like tracks, known as creeping eruption. This report presented a case of a young man with complaints of the serpiginous erupted lesion over the upper left thigh, following a recent history of beach travel. On dermatological examination, an erythematous serpiginous lesion and papules were found, portraying the clinical presentation of CLM. The administration of albendazole 400 mg was started, and the symptoms were completely resolved. Keywords: larva migrans, skin disease, creeping eruption, nematodes, albendazole.
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Huang, Yan, Wei Lang, Tingting Chen, and Jiemin Wu. "Regional Coordinated Development in the Megacity Regions: Spatial Pattern and Driving Forces of the Guangzhou-Foshan Cross-Border Area in China." Land 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2023): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040753.
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With globalization and informatization, cross-border areas have become increasingly critical interactive spaces, experiencing rapid development and extensive changes in residents’ cross-border travel, constantly changing the spatial patterns of neighboring cities. However, existing studies lack in-depth discussions of the new spatiotemporal characteristics of human activities, spatial pattern evolution, and the driving factors behind them. Therefore, taking the Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area as a case, this paper focus on the analysis of the cross-city travel of residents in these border areas in 2019, and investigated the evolution of spatial patterns and the driving forces in the border area during 1985–2020. We found that, instead of the previous one-way attraction pattern caused by the spread of residence, a large number of cross-city trips for leisure and entertainment purposes emerged, and the one-way unbalanced flow, “Foshan to Guangzhou”, changed to two-way circulation. We also explore the scenario in which the travel behavior of urban dwellers in these two cities considerably interacts with the effect of urban structure to produce the observed mobility patterns. Second, we determined the spatial pattern of the Guangzhou-Foshan region from 1985 to 2020 to be on of spreading expansion, with Liwan District as the central core, connecting to several sub-centers. The cross-border area in the Guangzhou-Foshan region represented a compact, extremely high degree of integration and a well-matched functional space. Third, driven by the forces stemming from the planning guidelines and the improving transportation network construction in the border area, the growth points of the two cities continued to expand toward the borderline regarding integrated development, while the growth axis was mainly in the direction of the city border, urban arterial roads, and subway lines. We concluded with development suggestions for increasing travel interactions and optimizing spatial patterns to build a common vision of the whole Guangzhou-Foshan pattern of integration.
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Evans, Murray C. "Home range, burrow-use and activity patterns in common wombats (Vombatus ursinus)." Wildlife Research 35, no. 5 (2008): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07067.
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Wombats are large, marsupial herbivores able to exploit low-productivity habitats largely because of their low energy requirements. In addition to using deep, thermally favourable burrows, wombats might use a strategy of conservative above-ground ranging behaviour to achieve their low energy expenditure. This study examined home range, burrow use and diurnal activity patterns of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) in eucalypt forest, woodland and pasture using trapping and radio-tracking. Wombats ranged through all three vegetation types with forest and pasture clearly being important habitats. Home ranges (95% harmonic mean) were typically almost circular, and averaged 17.7 ha with core areas (50% harmonic mean) averaging 2.9 ha. Home-range size is small compared with that expected for most mammals of comparable body mass. Ranging behaviour for wombats was similar between sexes and ranges extensively overlapped between and within sexes, indicating that ranges are not actively defended. Wombats did not markedly change the size or location of home ranges, ranging behaviour or feeding areas between summer and winter. The density of active burrows (0.25 ha–1) far exceeded the estimated density of wombats (0.13 ha–1). Wombats typically spent 1–4 days sleeping in the same burrow and then moved to another. On average, each active burrow was used by 2.2 different individuals. The activity pattern of wombats is characterised by a strong diel cycle, with most activity occurring nocturnally. Activity peaks at the beginning and end of each night are consistent with a ‘travel out, graze, travel back’ movement pattern. Despite widely distributed food resources, small home ranges and obligate burrow use constrain wombats to meeting their year-round food and water requirements from a small area near their burrows.
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Ip, Christopher Chi Kit, Khrisna Tumali, Ivan M. Hoh, and Arun Arunasalam. "Acute epididymo-orchitis frombrucellosis melitensisin Australia." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): e230007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230007.
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Brucellosis epididymo-orchitis (BEO) is extremely rare in non-endemic areas such as Australia. While epididymo-orchitis is relatively common in adolescent men, when presented with a significant travel history, consideration should be given to rare causes such as this. Here, we present a case of BEO in a young 18-year-old man who recently migrated from Greece, with symptoms of acute scrotal pain, swelling and persistent fever.Brucella melitensiswas isolated in the blood culture and confirmed with PCR. We suspect transmission was related to ingestion of unpasteurised goat dairy products. He made a full recovery after 7 days of intravenous gentamicin and 6 weeks of oral doxycycline. BEO should be considered in those who present with acute scrotal pain and fever after a recent history of travel to or from a brucellosis- endemic area.
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Guillemette, Magella, Anthony J. Woakes, Viviane Henaux, Jean-Marc Grandbois, and Patrick J. Butler. "The effect of depth on the diving behaviour of common eiders." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-180.
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Diving in endotherms is largely constrained by the depth of the foraging area, as they withstand long periods without breathing. Foraging theory predicts that all phases of a dive cycle, including travel, bottom, and surface durations, are positively correlated with depth. With continued increase in depth, bottom duration should level off and then decline. We tested these qualitative predictions with common eiders (Somateria mollissima (L., 1758)), a sea duck foraging routinely on the bottom. Using data loggers implanted in the body cavity of four females for 1 year, we showed that average diving depth over the summer and winter was distinct for each female. When averaged for each female, the data were qualitatively similar to theoretical predictions since travel, bottom, and surface durations all increased with depth. However, within individual females, the data only supported the theory partially because some relationships between depth and phases of a dive cycle were not significant. In particular, bottom duration failed to increase with depth for two individual females during the summer. In addition, significant relationships differed substantially among individual females and even within individual females when summer and winter seasons were compared. We suggest that the large variation observed in the diving behaviour of female eiders reflects individual female diving capability, which is probably related to their physiological states.
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Wang, Shiwei. "Route Planning of Health Care Tourism Based on Computer Deep Learning." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 5, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4500009.
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With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the form of tourism is gradually changing. In the past two years, people’s demand for tourism has also changed from traditional ornamental tourism to wellness tourism, which has provided a development opportunity for rural tourism. At the same time, the government has also begun to focus on the development of tourism with rural characteristics to promote the development of rural areas. However, health tourism still has certain defects, and the development of rural planning is still advancing and improving. Leisure agriculture is an area where agriculture, tourism, and service industries intersect, and it is the link that maintains the common development of the three. Applying the concept of health tourism to the planning and design of leisure agricultural parks can make people satisfied in tourism. The pursuit of health and wellness also drives the development of the rural economy. With the progress of the economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the traditional travel mode is gradually changing towards the direction of informatization. The traditional way of travel-by-travel agencies planning travel routes is no longer the first choice for people to travel. On the one hand, the rapid development of the Internet brings convenience to people, and on the other hand, it also brings a lot of information to the public.
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Cook, Daniel J. "Operational Effects of the Consolidated Intersection Design on Urban and Suburban Arterials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 17 (August 20, 2018): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792754.
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Along urban and suburban arterials, closely-spaced signalized intersections are commonly used to provide access to adjacent commercial developments. Often, these signalized intersections are designed to provide full access to developments on both sides of the arterial and permit through, left-turn, and right-turn movements from every intersection approach. Traffic signal timing is optimized to reduce vehicle delay or provide progression to vehicles on the arterial, or both. However, meeting both of these criteria can be cumbersome, if not impossible, under high-demand situations. This research proposes a new design that consolidates common movements at three consecutive signalized intersections into strategic fixed locations along the arterial. The consolidation of common movements allows the intersections to cycle between only two critical phases, which, in turn, promotes shorter cycle lengths, lower delay, and better progression. This research tested the consolidated intersection concept by modeling a real-world site in microsimulation software and obtaining values for delay and travel time for multiple vehicle paths along the corridor and adjacent commercial developments in both existing and proposed conditions. With the exception of unsignalized right turns at the periphery of the study area, all non-displaced routes showed a reduction in travel time and delay. Additional research is needed to understand how additional travel through the commercial developments adjacent to the arterial may effect travel time and delay. Other expected benefits of the proposed design include a major reduction in conflict points, shorter pedestrian crossing and wait times, and the opportunity to provide pedestrian refuge areas in the median.
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Bronshteyn, A. M., N. G. Kochergin, N. A. Malyshev, O. K. Konstantinov, I. V. Davydova, and S. V. Burova. "Trombiculiasis in Russian tourists travelled to tropical countries." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 21, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40909.
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Cases of arthropod dermatoses acquired by Russian tourists in tropical countries Brazil, Sri Lanka, Peru and Thailand are presented. These dermatoses were associated with trombiculidae mites infesting alligator, Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, elephants and parrots. Because of widespread travel, trombiculiasis has become more common in European countries. Awareness of dermatoses associated with mites other than Sarcoptes for clinicians should be considered for a patient who has recently returned from endemic area. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement can occur owing to limited awareness of the condition outside endemic areas.
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Di Luozzo, Sebastiano, and Massimiliano Maria Schiraldi. "Optimal shape for a rectangular warehouse with a lateral receive/ship dock." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 15, no. 4 (October 18, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.4078.
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Purpose: This technical note provides the mathematical demonstration for obtaining the optimal aspect ratio for a rectangular storage area with a lateral receive/ship dock, representing the standard configuration of modern distribution centers and logistic warehouses. The proposed aspect ratio is the one that minimizes the travel times of operators, keeping the common assumption of a storage area having a uniform access probability.Design/methodology/approach: To obtain the optimal aspect ratio of the storage area we model the entry point of the uniformly distributed dock with a random variable with a continuous uniform distribution, and we consequently evaluate the average travel path of the operator as a function of the latter. Successively, we estimate and minimize the average roundtrip length of the operator, leading to the optimal aspect ratio of the storage area.Findings: We find that the optimal aspect ratio between the warehouse width (U) and length (V) equals 1.5. The obtained result shows that the operators’ travel times are minimized with a storage area where .Research limitations/implications: Warehouses with a dock on one side now represent modern distribution centers' standard configuration. However, no optimal aspect ratio for the storage area has been discussed. For this reason, the paper fills this lack of scientific literature in the warehouse optimization research field by providing indications on how to design this class of warehouses.Practical implications: Distribution managers may find here guidance for defining a proper design of logistics centers and evaluating the operators' actual travel times to perform a roundtrip within the storage area.Originality/value: Traditional warehouse shape optimization models assume a single input/output point to the storage area. To our knowledge, no formal demonstration has been proposed for a warehouse with a dock on one entire side.
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Mahdi, Hassan, Moneer Tolephih, and Nasri Namer. "Evaluation of the gap area between two sided friction stir welding of AA 2024-T351." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.9362.
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The joints fabricated by two sided friction stir welding has shown higher ultimate tensile strength as compared to the joints fabricated by single pass and this trend is common for all the tool profiles.The joining of AA 2024-T351 aluminum plates with dimensions 200 mm ´ 200 mm ´ 5 mm (Length ´ width ´ thickness) was carried out by double pass friction stir welding (FSW) technique. Three friction stir welding tools with different pin height (1, 1.5 and 2) mm were used with different stirring rotation speeds and travel speed, (560, 710 and 900) RPM and (16, 20 and 25) mm/min respectively.The welded specimens were analyzed and evaluated using microstructure, macrostructure, tensile and hardness tests. The results indicated that the yield strength and tensile strength increases as the distance between the two passes (double pass) decrease, the rotational speed of 900 RPM and 560 RPM with travel speed of 16 mm/min and 25 mm/min, respectively is considered to be the most efficient and the width of the gap of the joint line decrease as the distance between the two welding pass decreases.
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Kłos-Adamkiewicz, Zuzanna, and Piotr Gutowski. "The Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to Sense of Safety and Mobility Changes in Public Transport Using the Example of Warsaw." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031780.
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Worldwide, many different actions have been taken by local and national governments to control the spread of COVID-19. The impact of these measures can be seen in different areas, especially in passenger transport and travel behaviour. This study examines the changes that have occurred in travel behaviour, using the example of the capital city of Warsaw, Poland, in relation to measures undertaken to control the spread of COVID-19 and the sense of safety among passengers that was supposed to be provided by public transport organisers. Data were collected through an online survey questionnaire that included questions about past (before COVID-19) and present (during COVID-19) travel behaviour, mode choice and the frequency of trips by public transport users in Warsaw. The results showed significant changes in mobility and travel behaviour along with most common threats seen by public transport users. There was a major shift from public to individual modes of transport in the city area. The outcomes of this study could play a significant role in transport planning in the case of any other situation that affects public transport on such a level as the COVID-19 pandemic has. In particular, local and national authorities could use this knowledge for better planning for any type of lockdowns.
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Moudon, Anne Vernez, Paul M. Hess, Mary Catherine Snyder, and Kiril Stanilov. "Effects of Site Design on Pedestrian Travel in Mixed-Use, Medium-Density Environments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-07.
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Whether high or low incidence of pedestrian travel in mixed-use, medium-density environments is due to site design characteristics, and specifically to presence of direct, continuous, and safe pedestrian systems, is examined. Twelve neighborhood centers or sites in the Puget Sound area of Washington were selected by matching gross residential density, median income, automobile ownership, and intensity and type of neighborhood commercial development. Pedestrians and bicyclists were recorded that traveled into the commercial area. A clear break emerges between urban and suburban sites. The average urban pedestrian volume is 37.7 pedestrians per hour per 1,000 residents, which is 3 times higher than the 12.5 pedestrians per hour per 1,000 residents in suburban sites. These results strongly support the hypothesis that, when holding other variables constant, the urban versus suburban difference in route directness and completeness of pedestrian facilities (namely, block size and sidewalk length) affects pedestrian volumes. The research also questions the common belief that people do not walk in the suburbs. Given appropriate land use conditions, pedestrian facility improvement programs in suburban areas can support pedestrian travel and have a significant influence on mode choice.
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Nainggolan, Jhon Rindu, L. Denny Siahaan, and Adenan Suhalis. "Analysis of Development and Arrangement of Rapid Transit Bus in Public Transport Planning in Gorontalo City." Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2024): 27–35. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijdbm.v6i1.3807.
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System transportation in particular field transport common in the city of gorontalo, is not optimal, thing This can be seen from the characteristics of people who prefer to use bentor (motor tricycles) in carrying out their daily activities compared to using public transportation. For example, the Trans Hulonthalangi BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) has not been used optimally, as well as other public transportation, because object to be researched or data source very large with cover Cluster Sampling (Sampling Area) . Sampling technique area, often used two Step that is first determine the sample area, second determine the people in the area that by sampling too, then n study this using Modeling Techniques Transportation Four Steps (four-step model), and methods collection in the form of primary data network map Street as well as transportation data general, and second secondary data collection with past survey method cross transport road. Could concluded results study this that development and arrangement bus rapid transit in planning transport general in the city of Gorontalo requires 4 (four) corridors with average bus speed 40 Km/Hr: Corridor I long route 20.2 km (PP) requires 9 vehicles with time travel 52.9 minutes, has a headway of 6 minutes and a frequency of 11 vehicles / hour. Corridor II long 9.3 km (PP) route requires 5 vehicles with time travel 26.5 minutes, has a headway of 6 minutes and a frequency of 11 vehicles / hour. Corridor III length the 16 km (PP) route also requires 5 vehicles with time travel 27.6 minutes, has a headway of 8 minutes and a frequency of 8 vehicles / hour. Corridor III length the 16 km (PP) route also requires 5 vehicles with time travel 27.6 minutes, has a headway of 8 minutes and a frequency of 8 vehicles / hour. Corridor long IV the 40 km (PP) route also requires 11 vehicles with time travel 74.8 minutes, has a headway of 6 minutes and a frequency of 11 vehicles / hour.
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Yu, Haiyang, Shuai Yang, Zhihai Wu, and Xiaolei Ma. "Vehicle trajectory reconstruction from automatic license plate reader data." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 2 (February 2018): 155014771875563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718755637.
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Using perception data to excavate vehicle travel information has been a popular area of study. In order to learn the vehicle travel characteristics in the city of Ruian, we developed a common methodology for structuring travelers’ complete information using the travel time threshold to recognize a single trip based on the automatic license plate reader data and built a trajectory reconstruction model integrated into the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution and depth-first search to manage the vehicles’ incomplete records phenomenon. In order to increase the practicability of the model, we introduced two speed indicators associated with actual data and verified the model’s reliability through experiments. Our results show that the method would be affected by the number of missing records. The model and results of this work will allow us to further study vehicles’ commuting characteristics and explore hot trajectories.
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Ziółkowski, Robert, and Zbigniew Dziejma. "Investigations of the Dynamic Travel Time Information Impact on Drivers’ Route Choice in an Urban Area—A Case Study Based on the City of Bialystok." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061645.
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Increasing traffic volumes in cities leads to common traffic congestions building up, especially during peak hours. To protect city dwellers from excessive fuel exhaust and traffic noise and to prevent drivers from time loss due to overloaded routes, it is important to inform them about real-time traffic conditions and possible delays in advance. Effectively influencing drivers’ decisions to divert from an original route choice in case of traffic hinderance is essential, and application of dynamic travel information in the form of variable message signs (VMSs) is believed to be effective in these terms. The paper examines drivers’ willingness to divert from an initial route choice due to the information provided on VMS boards. Their behavior was analyzed in terms of their response to everyday and artificially elongated travel times displayed on the VMSs. Maximum simulated elongation reached 200% and 300% of the initial state, depending on the characteristics of the pre-peak conditions. To assess the effectiveness of VMSs, the changes in traffic intensities were statistically analyzed. In general, apart from few significant differences, the results revealed drivers’ ignorance of the travel time information provided on the VMS, regardless of the extension of the original times.
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Bishop, Michaël Virgil, Rannveig Ólafsdóttir, and Þorvarður Árnason. "Tourism, Recreation and Wilderness: Public Perceptions of Conservation and Access in the Central Highland of Iceland." Land 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020242.
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Protected area establishment can be a source of land-use conflicts. National parks are particularly prone to such conflicts as they tend to cover large, sometimes remote, areas, involve many stakeholders, and often constitute an important venue for both tourism and outdoor recreation. Identifying potential conflict issues at an early stage is crucial to prevent further escalation and preserve public support for conservation. This article presents the findings of a nation-wide survey focusing on the establishment of the Central Highland National Park (CHNP) in Iceland, with the aim of identifying such points of contention. The results show that while the establishment of the CHNP enjoys broad public support, concerns over access restrictions are the most common reason for opposition. The majority of respondents support limiting the number of visitors to the area, which can hardly be implemented without conflicting with public access rights, deeply embedded in local culture and uses. In this remote area, access facilitation through road and accommodation development, however, appears very divisive, either seen as providing increased opportunities for the general public to enjoy the area or as threatening the authenticity of travel experiences in a wilderness destination, and paving the way for further developments. It is argued that refraining from building up roads is the most diplomatic way to limit visitor numbers without seriously impairing travel freedom, therefore preserving the wilderness qualities of the area while meeting users’ expectations. Ultimately, this study highlights the importance of public opinion research and stakeholder consultation when planning and managing tourism and outdoor recreation in wilderness settings.
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Lo, Hong K. "Organizing for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Case Study of Emergency Operations in San Francisco Bay Area." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1603, no. 1 (January 1997): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1603-05.
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Computer-integrated transportation (CIT) is envisioned as an integrated network of public and private transportation organizations, each with unique responsibilities but working toward a common mission of facilitating travel across all modes of transportation. Research on CIT is extended to emergency operations (EOs) and presented. EOs in California are examined and their role in gathering and using traffic incident information is identified. The basis of coordination between EOs and transportation management centers is established. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) services and technologies that may be beneficial to EOs are identified, and the similarities and differences between California EOs and the emerging ITS national architecture are compared.
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Granato, Sam. "Traffic Forecasting as if Intersection Control Matters: The Sequel." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1706, no. 1 (January 2000): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1706-02.
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For the second time within 5 years, the traffic forecasting model application developed by the planning staff for the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, area metropolitan planning organization (MPO) has achieved not only a base-year accuracy that exceeds what other, larger MPOs have accomplished, but also a travel-volume and travel-time accuracy for the relatively high-volume streets that, in most cases, is not significantly different from the sampling error of field observations. Comparable success has also been achieved in modeling peak-hour traffic patterns, where applications have also been developed to model peak-hour factoring and design hour volumes for transportation projects. The standard of accuracy that has been achieved for this metro area has been made possible by two major differences from typical MPO practice. First, travel estimates (trip generation rates) are based on field-measured vehicle-trip rates rather than the common practice of a stated-response travel survey of the public (i.e., on what people do rather than what they say they do). Second, and far more important, the modeling is based on the dynamic integration of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methods of intersection traffic control analysis with traditional traffic forecasting processes. Although there are many planning agencies that claim to be using HCM procedures, the process described is shown to be the one that much more faithfully replicates the flexible approach capacities and volume/delay relationships that are the direct result of HCM-level analysis.
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Uçar, Tamer, and Adem Karahoca. "Personalizing trip recommendations: A framework proposal." Global Journal of Computer Science 5, no. 1 (November 13, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v5i1.30.
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<p>Personalized trip planning is a very common problem in tourism domain. There are several studies in this area each one of all aims to provide recommendations based on user preferences. Recommendation engines mostly use two common methods: content based filtering and collaborative filtering. As a combination of these two methods, hybrid approaches are also popular for recommendation systems. This study provides a deep analysis about recent studies in trip recommendation domain. Applied techniques and mentioned methodologies in literature is discussed at all points. Insights about the proposed systems are provided clearly. Besides a literature survey, this study also proposes a novel travel recommender method based on a tourism datasource. A hybrid approach involving demographic, content-based and collaborative filtering techniques are proposed in order to eliminate drawbacks of each approach. Recommendations will be based on many factors including users’ demographic information, past travel locations and favorite seasons. Based on such inputs, recommender engine predicts possible travel locations along with various flight options. Possible challenges and future trends are concluded as a result of this study.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Recommender systems, trip recommendation, personalized recommendation, information filtering.</p>
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Wang, Lijun, Yongtao Yu, Yang Ma, Xin Feng, and Tianhua Liu. "Investigation of the Performance of Different Cleaning Devices in Maize Grain Harvesters Based on Field Tests." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 4 (2020): 809–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13369.
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HighlightsThe effects of different factors on the performance of cleaning devices are investigated.The loss percentage is negatively correlated to the moisture content of maize grain.The cleaning performance is affected by the plant spacing and the ear mass of maize.The long-toothed scale screen has the best performance in throwing impurities.Abstract. The direct harvest of maize grain achieves high working efficiencies and low harvest costs; thus, direct harvest will become increasingly common for harvesting maize in the future. To investigate the loss percentage of maize grain (LPOMG) and the impurity percentage of maize grain (IPOMG) for harvesting in the northeast reclamation area in China, field tests were completed with various moisture contents of maize grain (MCOMGs), maize varieties, types of cleaning screens, and travel speeds of the harvesters. The results showed that the LPOMG of Xianda 205 maize with an MCOMG of 30.49% was the lowest at 0.37% and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize with an MCOMG of 22.62% was the lowest at 0.14% when the maize mixture was cleaned with the common scale screen in the S660 harvester. The LPOMG of Hayu 189 maize was the lowest at 0.19% when using the S660 harvester at a travel speed of 1.0 m s-1, and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize was the lowest at 0.28% when using the S660 harvester at a travel speed of 2.0 m s-1; the different varieties of maize mixtures were cleaned with the common scale screen. The LPOMG of Xianda 205 maize cleaned with the stepped woven screen was the lowest at 0.25% when using the GK100 harvester at a travel speed of 1.0 m s-1, and the IPOMG of Xianda 205 maize cleaned with the long-toothed scale screen was the lowest at 0.10% when using the 7088 harvester at a travel speed of 2.0 m s-1. This study provides a reference for selecting a suitable maize variety, type of screen, and the earliest harvest time for direct harvesting of maize grain. Keywords: Cleaning, Field test, Harvesting maize, Impurity, Loss.
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Bronshteyn, A. M., N. A. Malyshev, N. G. Kochergin, and S. N. Jarov. "Dermatobiasis in a Russian tourist travelled to Argentine and Brazil. A case and review of the literature." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 19, no. 1 (February 15, 2014): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40791.
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A case of furuncular myiasis is presented as a 65-year-old man travelled to Iguaçu Falls in Brazil and Argentine. Furunclelike lesions were observed on the top of his right shoulder blade and he complained of crawling sensations within his shoulder blade. Two invasive larva of botfly, Dermatobia hominis, were extruded from the furuncular lesion of the patient. This condition is endemic to the forested areas of Mexico, Central and South America. Because of widespread travel, furuncular myiasis has become more common in European countries. Awareness of cutaneous myiasis for clinicians should be considered for a patient who has a furuncular lesion and has recently returned from a botfly-endemic area. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement can occur owing to limited awareness of the condition outside endemic areas.
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FoEh, John E. H. J. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ESTIMATING THE DEMAND FOR RECREATIONAL SITES." Journal of Business Economics 23, no. 1 (2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/eb.2018.v23i1.1809.
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Basically, there are two main problems faced in the recreation location especially in outdoor. One side, the rate of visiting some tourism objects is still low until now. It raises the assumption that recreation location doesn’t create any opportunity in the regional and domestic economy. On the other hand, undervalue of recreation services, based on the willingness to pay caused a very low attractiveness of investment in tourism objects. To solve these problems, one should be able to predict the number of recreation location demand, so that good planning and development could be implemented in this estimated area. One of the very common methods to calculate this demand is to use travel cost methods. Many independent variables could be implemented in a multiple linear regression model, depends on the objective of the research. Somehow, valid data is necessary for the application of statistical and quantitative analysis. Experiences showed a significant result of analysis using these travel cost methods. Keywords: Demand for recreation, Economy, Recreational site demand, Travel cost method
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Araiza-Aguilar, Juan Antonio, María Neftalí Rojas-Valencia, Hugo Alejandro Nájera-Aguilar, Rubén Fernando Gutiérrez-Hernández, and Carlos Manuel García-Lara. "Using Spatial Analysis to Design a Solid Waste Collection System." Urban Science 8, no. 3 (July 23, 2024): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8030095.
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In this paper, a proposal was presented to improve the MSW collection service in the municipality of Reforma, in Chiapas, Mexico. Specific field work was developed and various spatial analysis techniques were applied in the GIS environment. The application of a multivariate analysis technique (Grouping Analysis) allowed the study area to be clustered into three waste collection sectors with common characteristics, which were the basis for generating three collection route scenarios. Scenario 1 corresponds to the current situation, where 478 waste collection points are served, with an average travel distance of 60.30 km and a collection time of 8.00 h. Scenario 2 was generated through the “maximize coverage” algorithm and vehicle route modeling in ArcGis 10.8. In this scenario, 1220 waste collection points are served, with an average travel distance of 143.21 km and an average collection time of 12.38 h. Scenario 3 was created using the “minimize facilities” algorithm, as well as collection modeling in ArcGis 10.8. Using this algorithm, impedances (distances) were automatically minimized so that 697 waste collection points could be served, with an average travel distance of 100.00 km and an average collection time of 9.66 h. In terms of improvement, scenario 3 gives the best results, because it minimizes distances and average travel times.
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Pelangie, Kissi Rosari, Andri Irfan Rifai, and Pradana Yudhistira. "Services Analysis of Pedestrian Facility in Office and Business Area: Case Study Jalan Wahid Hasyim, Jakarta." Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 5 (December 8, 2022): 804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i5.195.
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Jalan Wahid Hasyim is in the heart of Central Jakarta's offices and businesses, with a strategic location and easy access to destinations such as Jalan Thamrin or Tanah Abang Shopping Center; many road users choose to travel through this road. This study was conducted to analyze the level of service provided by pedestrian facilities to pedestrians on Jalan Wahid Hasyim in Jakarta. The index performance analysis method was used to compare the value of satisfaction and the importance of pedestrian facilities in Jalan Wahid Hasyim. The results showed that the average satisfaction index was 3.16, the average interest index was 4.24, and the average gap was -1.08. The most common recommendations were to improve pedestrian safety and comfort on Jalan Wahid Hasyim Jakarta.
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Unger, Joseph M., Anna Moseley, Raymond U. Osarogiagbon, Gary C. Doolittle, and Dawn L. Hershman. "Beyond patient-level barriers: Evaluation of rural residency and area-level deprivation and clinical trial (CT) participation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19068-e19068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19068.
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e19068 Background: Residents of rural and socioeconomically deprived areas have worse cancer outcomes and are less likely to participate in CTs. It is unknown whether these area-level attributes predict CT participation after accounting for individual sociodemographic variables. Methods: We combined data from two SWOG national survey studies. S0316, a multi-center prospective survey, was combined with data from a large web-based survey. Both studies examined CT treatment decision making from diagnosis in patients with common cancers. Zip codes of residences were classified as rural or urban using Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (urban, 1-3, vs. rural, 4-9) and a 3-level ordinal variable (urban, 1-3, vs. rural, 4-7, vs. very rural, 8-9). We identified socioeconomically deprived areas (SDAs) as those with an Area Deprivation Index (ADI) in the upper quartile. We also examined areas by ADI quartile. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of rural residency and area-level socioeconomic deprivation with CT participation after adjusting for important individual-level factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education), stratified by study and cancer type. Results: Among 7080 patients, 1299 (18.5%) were from rural areas, 653 (9.4%) were from SDAs; and 715 (10.1%) participated in a CT. Patients had breast (56.1%), prostate (21.8%), lung (13.6%), and colorectal (8.4%) cancer. In univariate analysis, rural patients were 23% less likely to participate in a CT (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.95, p=.016); in multivariate analysis, results were similar (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99, p=.037). Very rural residents were 34% less likely to participate than urban patients (OR=0.66, 95% CI, 0.55-0.80, ordinal p=.031). There was no statistically significant association between residence in SDAs and CT participation (p>.30). Rural patients were more likely to have >1 comorbid conditions (45.4% vs. 39.5%, p=.001), to be concerned about how to pay for their care (40.6% vs. 32.4%, p<.0001), and to travel farther for care (median 50.0 vs. 12.0 miles, p<.0001). Conclusions: Our findings are the first to show that rural residents are less likely to participate in CTs even after accounting for confounding individual factors. These results agree with prior observations that rural patients must travel longer distances for care, including for CT care. Reducing the travel burden for rural cancer patients could improve their CT participation and the generalizability of CT results to all patients.
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Mukane, Janhvi, Siddharth Pawar, Siddhi Pawar, and Gaurav Muley. "Aircraft Ticket Price prediction using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40253.
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Abstract: With ever increasing air route connectivity throughout the world, air travel has become a common, integral and faster way to travel. Predicting fares for airlines is an important as well as challenging task since a constant fluctuation in fares is observed and it is known to be dependent on varied set factors. With tremendous study in area, it is observed that using Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning techniques an estimation of flight fares at a given time can be obtained within seconds. In this paper, we use a Machine Learning Regression approach to predict flight fare by providing basic details of departure date and time, arrival time, source, destination, number of stops and name of the airline. The results show that Random Forest Regression Model provides highly optimal results. Keywords: Machine Learning, Random Forest, Prediction models, Airfare Prices, data analytics
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Semków, Dorota. "Fałszerstwo dokumentów podróży – skala, charakter i zapobieganie zjawisku w działaniach Unii Europejskiej." Ius et Administratio 43, no. 1-4 (2019): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/iuseta.2019.1-4.4.
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The main purpose of the considerations undertaken in the article is to present the problem of travel document fraud as a very common form of illegal crossing of the external borders of the European Union. The study presents the scale and nature of the use of false travel documents. The analysis covers the procedures in force in the years 2015 through 2018. EU travel documents are in high demand among fraudsters. At least three-quarters of the false documents detected at the external borders, as well as in the area without internal border controls, are forgeries of the documents issued by both EU Member States and Schengen Countries. The research conducted based on the data of the European Border and Coast Guard (Frontex) led to the conclusion that the introduction of more sophisticated security features, production methods, and document control systems constrict the forgery of a material document. As a result, the number of traditional frauds, i.e. forging or counterfeiting a given document, is decreasing, and what is increasing is the scale of other types of procedures, in which travel documents are used as a tool, an example of which is identity theft. The study intends also to present selected forms of prevention against travel document fraud, which are undertaken by the EU. For this purpose, the paper includes an analysis of the provisions of the 2016 socalled action plan to strengthen the European response to document fraud.
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Kolpakov, Maksim. "Fraud, Theft and Robbery on the Roads of the Russian-Belarusian Border Area of the 16th — 17th Centuries." ISTORIYA 13, no. 2 (112) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019783-0.
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Numerous sources of foreign origin, as well as the oral tradition of the Russian-Belarusian border area, draw a vivid picture of illegal acts committed on the roads of the 16—17th centuries. Fraud and theft act were the most common and least dangerous for travelers, while robbery committed on the roads threatened both the property and the life of the travelers. Travelers passing along the roads of the Russian borderland with Poland and Livonia had heard about the dangers of the way, armed themselves in advance, hid the most valuable things and documents, looking for reliable companions. The lands located in the border zone are more dangerous for travel, because here existed constant military threat and heavy traffic, which attracted criminals of various stripes.
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Legrain, Alexander, Ron Buliung, and Ahmed M. El-Geneidy. "Who, What, When, and Where." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2537, no. 1 (January 2015): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2537-05.
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Public transportation agencies are faced with the difficult task of providing adequate service during peak travel periods while maintaining adequate service for those traveling off-peak or outside a city or region's densest areas. The ability or inability of a transit system to meet these needs helps explain transit ridership rates. This research sought to understand how daily fluctuations in transit service were related to ridership in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area, in Canada, for different segments of the labor force. Many variables—including frequency and proximity of transit service, socioeconomic status, the built environment, and accessibility to employment through transit—have been linked to transit use in past research. However, many previous studies focused only on travel during peak hours. This study investigated whether fluctuations in service and demand were related to transit ridership rates. With the use of six time periods, an improved understanding of daily variation in transit mode share for commuting trips was produced. With a further division of the commuting population into two employment wage categories, it was demonstrated that the common understanding of the influences on transit ridership was potentially misleading. Commuting transit mode share and the variables that influence it are intimately related to when travel is needed and to what jobs people are traveling. To encourage transit use, agencies and researchers need to take into account commuters’ need to commute at a variety of time periods.
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Cadnum, Jennifer, Heba Alhmidi, and Curtis Donskey. "Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Use of Carbon Dioxide Monitoring to Assess Ventilation During Travel." Pathogens and Immunity 7, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20411/pai.v7i1.495.
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Background: Travel poses a risk for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Poorly ventilated indoor settings pose a particularly high risk for transmission. Methods: We used carbon dioxide measurements to assess adequacy of ventilation during 5 trips that included air travel. During selected parts of each trip that involved indoor settings, we monitored carbon dioxide levels every 1 minute and recorded peak levels and the number of people present. Carbon dioxide readings above 800 parts per million (ppm) were considered an indicator of suboptimal ventilation. Results: Carbon dioxide levels remained below 800 ppm during train rides to and from the airport and inside airports except in a crowded boarding area with ~300 people present. Carbon dioxide levels exceeded 800 ppm inside the airplanes, but the air was filtered with high efficiency particulate air filters. Carbon dioxide levels remained below 800 ppm in common areas of a hotel but exceeded 800 ppm in a hotel room with 2 to 3 occupants and in a fitness center with 3 people exercising. In restaurants, carbon dioxide levels increased above 800 ppm during crowded conditions with 24 or more people present and 75% or more seat occupancy. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ventilation may be sufficient to minimize the risk for airborne transmission in many situations during travel. However, ventilation may be suboptimal in some areas or under certain conditions such as in hotel rooms or when restaurants, fitness centers, or airplane boarding areas are crowded. There is a need for larger scale studies to assess the quality of ventilation in a wide range of community settings.
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Åkesson, Susanne, Giuseppe Bianco, and Anders Hedenström. "Negotiating an ecological barrier: crossing the Sahara in relation to winds by common swifts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1704 (September 26, 2016): 20150393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0393.
Full textAbstract:
The Sahara Desert is one of the largest land-based barriers on the Earth, crossed twice each year by billions of birds on migration. Here we investigate how common swifts migrating between breeding sites in Sweden and wintering areas in sub-Saharan Africa perform the desert crossing with respect to route choice, winds, timing and speed of migration by analysing 72 geolocator tracks recording migration. The swifts cross western Sahara on a broad front in autumn, while in spring they seem to use three alternative routes across the Sahara, a western, a central and an eastern route across the Arabian Peninsula, with most birds using the western route. The swifts show slower migration and travel speeds, and make longer detours with more stops in autumn compared with spring. In spring, the stopover period in West Africa coincided with mostly favourable winds, but birds remained in the area, suggesting fuelling. The western route provided more tailwind assistance compared with the central route for our tracked swifts in spring, but not in autumn. The ultimate explanation for the evolution of a preferred western route is presumably a combination of matching rich foraging conditions (swarming insects) and favourable winds enabling fast spring migration. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight’.
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Jefferson, Thomas A. "A study of the behavior of Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) in the Johnstone Strait, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-111.
Full textAbstract:
The behavior of Dall's porpoise was studied in the western Johnstone Strait, British Columbia, during the summer of 1984. Observations and theodolite trackings were made from a cliff-top observation point on West Cracroft Island. Dall's porpoise was the second most common marine mammal in the study area, being seen on 63% of the days, and it was reported to be a year-round resident of the Strait. Three types of surfacing behavior were observed, with slow rolling occurring in 97% of the sightings. Swimming speed of slow rolling porpoises was 5.1 ± 0.83 (SD) km/h (n = 18). Dives during travel averaged 35.9 ± 26.52 (SD) s (n = 10). Deep vertical dives lasted 2 to 4 min for adults and up to 2 min for calves, and were presumed to be associated with feeding. Westward movement predominated. Dall's porpoises usually showed no obvious reaction to resident killer whales, but apparently swimming speed increases when killer whales are within 2 km. Group sizes ranged from one to over five animals (mean size = 2.6 ± 1.05 (SD), n = 68). Groups that included calves tended to be larger than adult-only groups. Neither direction of travel nor time of day were significantly related to group size. The population appears to contain a high percentage of cow–calf pairs, and this suggests that the study area may be used as a calving area during the summer.
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Maeda, Yoh-Ichiro, Mineko Tsuchida, and Takashi Fukaya. "Extensive endoscopic sinus surgery from the viewpoint of out-patients in a metropolitan area." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 119, no. 1 (January 2005): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215053222789.
Full textAbstract:
Extensive functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was assessed retrospectively from the viewpoint of out-patients on the basis of their responses to a postal questionnaire, particularly in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Seventeen patients were included in this study (six females and11 males) with an age range of 22–70 years. All the patients had at least ethmoid sinusitis. Additionally, some patients had maxillary or sphenoid sinusitis or polyps obstructing the nasal cavities. The average operation time and blood loss were 36 minutes and 31 ml, respectively. Four patients had to travel more than one hour to reach home. All of them used the train for travelling to and from the hospital. ’Doctors’ advice’ was the most common reason for the decision to undergo this ambulatory surgery. Nine (53 per cent) had some unexpected problems post-operatively. The establishment of a care pathway may improve the outcome of extensive FESS on an out-patient basis.