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1
Meehan, Elizabeth M. Free movement between Ireland and the UK: From the "common travel area" to the Common Travel Area. Dublin: Policy Institute in association with the Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform, 2000.
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2
Nellis, David W. Common Coastal Birds of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc., 2001.
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3
Victor, Murinde, ed. The free trade area of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2001.
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4
Ainslie, Andrew. Cattle ownership and production in the communal areas of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Bellville, Cape Town: Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies, 2002.
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5
Othieno, Lawrence. Prospects and challenges in the formation of the COMESA-EAC and SADC Tripartite Free Trade Area. Kampala, Uganda: Economic Policy Research Centre, 2011.
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European Commission. Directorate-General for Agriculture., ed. The common agricultural policy: Promoting Europe's agriculture and rural areas--continuity and change. [Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998.
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7
Kavanagh, James. The nature of California: An introduction to common plants and animals and natural attractions. San Francisco, Calif: Waterford Press, 1994.
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8
Philippines. President (1992-1998 : Ramos). Philippine schedule of tariff concessions under the common effective preferentiall tariff (CEPT) scheme for the ASEAN free trade area (AFTA): Executive Order no. 145. [Quezon City]: Philippine Tariff Commission, 1994.
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Medvedev, Valentin. LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY AND SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE STATE ENTITIES OF "WHITE" RUSSIA DURING THE CIVIL WAR. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02099-9.
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Many books and scientific articles have been written about the White movement, but the issues of state regulation of the economy and social relations, as well as legislation and administration of white governments in various areas of the socio-economic life of society, are still poorly understood. The few studies available are mainly aimed at revealing regional problems. This monograph covers the legal policy of the anti-Soviet governments in the field of finance and taxes, industry and transport, trade and supply in all territories of "white" Russia, reveals its common and special features and establishes what impact it had on the outcome of the civil war.
The monograph is addressed to historians, political scientists, teachers and students, graduate and doctoral students of universities, as well as to everyone who is interested in the history of the Fatherland.
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Meade, Douglas S., ed. In Quest of the Craft. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-820-0.
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INFORUM is a research project started more than forty five years ago by Clopper Almon. The focus is on the development of dynamic, interindustry, macroeconometric models to forecast the economy in the long run. Over the last 30 years, the Inforum approach to model building has been shared by economists in many different countries. Researchers have focused much of their efforts to developing a linked system of international interindustry models with a consistent methodology. A world-wide network of research associates use similar methods and a common software obtaining comparable results to produce studies of common interest to the group. Inforum partners have shared their research in an annual conference since 1993. The XXII Inforum World Conference was held in Alexandria, Virginia in September 2014 and this book contains a selection of papers presented during the sessions. All these contributions share an empirical and pragmatic orientation that is very useful for policymakers, business, and applied economists. Some papers are devoted to specific topics (productivity, energy, international trade, demographic changes) and some others are oriented to model building and simulations.
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Deriu, Morena. Nēsoi. L’immaginario insulare nell’Odissea. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-470-7.
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The aim of this book is to shed new light on the connections between the islands of the Odyssey, setting aside the common perspectives which fully contrast Ithaka to the isles of Odysseus’s travels. Indeed, on a close reading, the idea of ‘otherness’ frequently associated to these isles can be perceived as the result of shared traits. The book first offers an introductory survey on the studies about islands and insularity (not only) in the Odyssey. Then, it analyses how and in which terms the Odyssean representations of the islands are elaborated by means of references to the characters’ senses and actions. These representations are frequently parts of archipelagos of memories, and all bear witness to the fact that fantastic and realistic traits are intermingled and can permeate each other on all the Odyssean islands. Thus, the isles of these travels can be perceived as marginal and mixed places which are also meaningfully part of the archipelago of thematic and formal relations which links all Odyssean islands. The second section of the book examines this archipelagic scenario by using the concepts of utopia and heterotopia. The section shows how the islands of the Odyssey and, especially, the islands the hero encountered on his travels should not be considered utopias in the strict sense of the word. It then goes on to show how M. Foucault’s heterotopia can help to highlight a series of insular aspects, which, otherwise, could pass unnoticed. These lands stand at the margins of the world of the Odyssey and are, at the same time, connected to all the other islands. As a result, they work like mirrors which reflect images of different and possible worlds. In particular, the Odyssean isles of women mirror different and possible relationships between Odysseus and the lady of the island and help to enlighten the place which the hero perceives as the perfect home among all the possible choices. Finally, a brief analysis of the prophecy about the hero’s future last adventure shows that there is no chance of Odysseus feeling at home on that ‘other’ place of this last journey.
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Murinde, Victor. Free Trade Area of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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13
Murinde, Victor. Free Trade Area of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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14
Brusse, Wendy Asbeek. 4. Liberalization, Convertibility, and the Common Market. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199570829.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how the European Payments Union resolved the problem of currency convertibility and unlocked the potential of trade liberalization, thereby paving the way for the European Economic Community (EEC), which in turn spurred further intra-European trade. It first provides an overview of trade and payments before and immediately after World War II and goes on to discuss postwar approaches to convertibility and liberalization. It then considers the degree, speed, and commitment with which countries opened up their domestic markets to each other's exports under the Trade Liberalization Programme. It concludes with an assessment of Britain's efforts to join a wider free trade area with the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation.
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Leshy, John D. Our Common Ground. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300235784.001.0001.
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This book is about the little-known story of how the U.S. government came to hold nearly one-third of the nation's land and manage it primarily for recreation, education, and conservation. America's public lands includes more than 600 million acres of forests, plains, mountains, wetlands, deserts, and shorelines. The book discusses the key political decisions that led to this, beginning at the very founding of the nation. The book traces the emergence of a bipartisan political consensus in favor of the national government holding these vast land areas primarily for recreation, education, and conservation of biodiversity and cultural resources. That consensus remains strong and continues to shape American identity. Such a success story of the political system is a bright spot in an era of cynicism about government. The book is essential reading for anyone who cares about public lands, and it is particularly timely as the world grapples with the challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss.
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Tenforde, Mark. Infection in Travelers and Emigrants. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0057.
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This chapter focuses on common travel-related health topics. International travel generally requires appropriate preparation, including careful consideration of vaccinations and prophylaxis. Common problems include systemic febrile illness, traveler’s diarrhea, and dermatoses. Acute malaria and dengue are common infections, but an organism is not identified in a significant number of patients. The etiology and risk of each disease varies by region of travel and travel-related activities. Traveler’s diarrhea affects an estimated 20% to 60% of people traveling to low-income countries and usually develops within the first few days of travel, lasting only about 5 days. Rehydration is the cornerstone of management. Emergency physicians should be aware of pre-travel recommendations and be prepared to diagnose and manage common travel-related infections. Comprehensive travel resources include the World Health Organization’s International Travel and Health and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Health Information for International Travel.
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Till, Hilary. Commodity Trading Strategies, Common Mistakes, and Catastrophic Blowups. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0020.
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Becoming an expert in the commodity markets has traditionally required a novice to seek an apprenticeship at an established commodity firm. This chapter provides an alternative approach: a reader is provided a reasonably comprehensive tour of the always dynamic and frequently opaque commodity markets, including views on (1) commodity trading strategies, (2) common mistakes, and (3) catastrophic blowups. The specific commodity trading strategies covered are trend-following and calendar spreads. The common mistakes that the chapter includes are (1) targeting returns rather than risk metrics, (2) establishing inappropriate trade sizing, and (3) failing to fully appreciate the psychological discipline required for trading. The chapter also provides case studies on the catastrophic derivatives blowups at both Amaranth and MF Global.
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Boudreaux, Donald J. Globalization. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400657955.
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The contemporary era of globalization demonstrates that the local and global aspects of business and government are increasingly intertwined. This volume defines and makes sense of the workings of the global economy—and how it influences businesses and individuals. Each chapter identifies common questions and issues that have gained exposure in the popular media—such as outsourcing, the high cost of international travel, and the impact of a fast-growing China—to illustrate underlying drivers and mechanisms at work. Covering international trade, national wealth disparities (the haves vs. the have-nots), foreign investment, and geographical and cultural issues, and supported with illustrations, maps, charts, a glossary and timeline of key events,Globalization illuminates the dynamics of the global economy and informs readers of its profound impact on our daily lives.
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Thomas, Sherine, and Nick Beeching. Worm infection (including hydatid disease). Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0318.
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The main clue to the diagnosis of all helminth infections is peripheral blood eosinophilia, the presence of which should always prompt taking a full travel history. Filarial infections are unusual in the UK. The most common imported filariasis is Loa loa infection from West Africa, characterized by transient ‘Calabar swellings’, particularly on the face, arms, and upper limbs.
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Moore, Megan. The Erotics of Grief. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758393.001.0001.
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This book considers how emotions propagate power by exploring whose lives are grieved and what kinds of grief are valuable within and eroticized by medieval narratives. The book argues that grief is not only routinely eroticized in medieval literature but that it is a foundational emotion of medieval elite culture. Focusing on the concept of grief as desire, the book builds on the history of the emotions and Georges Bataille's theory of the erotic as the conflict between desire and death, one that perversely builds a sense of community organized around a desire for death. The link between desire and death serves as an affirmation of living communities. The book incorporates literary, visual, and codicological evidence in sources from across the Mediterranean — from Old French chansons de geste, such as the Song of Roland and La mort le roi Artu and romances such as Erec et Enide, Philomena, and Floire et Blancheflor; to Byzantine and ancient Greek novels; to Middle English travel narratives such as Mandeville's Travels. In the author's reading of the performance of grief as one of community and remembrance, the book assesses why some lives are imagined as mattering more than others and explores how a language of grief becomes a common language of status among the medieval Mediterranean elite.
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Ranganathan, Surabhi. The Law of the Sea and Natural Resources. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0008.
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Ranganathan’s chapter observes that the construction of the oceans as a global commons has changed over time. Once asserted as an arena of freedoms, the oceans are now enclosed in large part within national and international jurisdictions. However, sovereign rights are accompanied by community obligations. The deep seabed and its mineral resources, in particular, are designated the common heritage of mankind. The chapter traces the evolution of this concept. Following a roughly chronological approach, it situates legal developments in political and economic context. Noting that the concept does not conform to a broad narrative of progress—a high-water mark reached in the 1980s was followed by a period of recession—the chapter evaluates whether the current framework offers an appropriate expression. It supplies the tools for a fine-grained analysis of the degree to which international law realizes this particular community obligation in principle and in practice.
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Payne, Sheila, and Tom Lynch. International progress in creating palliative medicine as a specialized discipline and the development of palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the development of palliative medicine as a specialized discipline, and seeks to trace the development of international initiatives that have promoted and facilitated the growth of palliative care services. The focus is on palliative care services for adults with life-limiting conditions and advanced disease. A chronological narrative is traced from the first hospices developed in Dublin, Ireland, to the emergence of the modern hospices in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. The global spread of the principles of palliative care is traced in the formation of national and regional organizations. The chapter offers evidence on the progress of educational initiatives, both within medicine and for other members of the multidisciplinary team, at undergraduate and post-qualification level. The proposal for ten core common interdisciplinary competencies defines the essential foundations of palliative care. Finally, the chapter considers what areas of palliative medicine require further development.
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Baima, Jennifer. Sports Injuries. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216017837.
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This volume traces the history of the field of sports medicine and offers an informative survey of the evaluation and treatment of sports injuries across the life cycle. Sports Injuries tells the story of a specific area of medicine that can be traced back as far as the days of the gladiators, but has, like so many medical fields, undergone a dramatic transformation with new technology-based methods of diagnosis and treatment. Written by a clinical instructor at Harvard and former athletic trainer at Notre Dame, Sports Injuries provides an overview of the common injuries sustained by athletes of all ages and levels of competition. In easily understandable language, it takes readers step by step through the process doctors follow when diagnosing and treating sports injuries, including the reasons why the same injury might require different treatment depending on the age, gender, or skill level of the person involved.
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Doyle, John, and Eileen Connolly. Brexit and the Northern Ireland Question. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811763.003.0007.
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This chapter analyses the potential impact of Brexit on the Northern Ireland ‘peace process’, through a discussion of four interrelated issues—political divisions in Northern Ireland; the single market; the common travel area; and the Good Friday Agreement, all of which reflect the fundamental political divisions between Irish nationalists and those who believe that Northern Ireland should remain part of the UK. The chapter highlights two main threats to peace – the undermining of the Good Friday Agreement which is premised on membership of the EU and its institutional framework, and the crucial issue of where the inevitable hard border between the EU and the UK will be located. It argues that Brexit has the potential to destroy the peace process and suggests possible policy solutions to mitigate the impact of Brexit on Northern Ireland, while also assessing the political obstacles to the adoption of such flexible policy solutions.
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Ladewig, Jeffrey W. Trade: Neoclassical Liberal Views on Impacts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.351.
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International trade is a dynamic and powerful force that affects nearly every individual, business, and nation in the world. Its scope and scale have also made international trade an immense, intense, and perennial subject of interest and inquiry. Some of the foundational works on international trade can be traced back to Adam Smith and David Hume, whose theories sought to debunk the commonly held idea of international trade at the time: mercantilism, which viewed exports as beneficial because they generated an increase in foreign currency and a nation’s wealth, and imports as detrimental because they were thought to decrease a nation’s wealth. Today, the general idea of comparative advantage informs almost all neoclassical economists’ models of international trade. However, neoclassical economists tend to assume that the theoretical benefits of international trade are clear, and thus, often ignore or dismiss the negative impacts of international trade and the studies that challenge their theories. In fact, many countries have not seen the benefits predicted by neoclassical economic theories. This is particularly evident when comparing the effects of international trade across developed and developing countries. Furthermore, there is evidence that international trade has developed along patterns that are not predicted by the traditional theories of comparative advantage. Given these, the practice of trade and its international impact can be much murkier.
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Reader, Ian. 1. Pilgrimage around the world. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198718222.003.0001.
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Pilgrimage is a global human phenomenon spanning cultures, religions, and continents. Some pilgrimage centres attract millions of pilgrims each year creating an important ‘spiritual tourism’ industry. ‘Pilgrimage around the world’ shows that some sites are not faith-specific; Jerusalem has great significance in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and is a site of pilgrimage for all three. Not all pilgrimage places are internationally significant, however—many are essentially local in nature and involve replications of more famed and distant ones, allowing people who cannot travel far to simulate the pilgrimage. The detail of pilgrimage practices may differ across religious traditions and countries, but there is much common ground, even with ‘secular’ pilgrimages.
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Tunnicliffe, Georgia, and Matthew Wise. Pulmonary fungal infections. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0007.
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Pulmonary fungal infections remain relatively uncommon, although they are increasingly diagnosed as a consequence of a growing population of immunocompromised individuals, foreign travel, and improved diagnostic tools. Groups who were not previously thought to be at significant risk of invasive disease are also being recognized. The increasing incidence of fungal lung disease as a consequence of changing patient demographics means that clinicians will encounter cases in outpatient clinics, medical admission departments, and the intensive care unit with increasing frequency. As international travel increases, so too will presentations of endemic mycoses to respiratory physicians practising in the United Kingdom. Many fungi, such as Aspergillus species, are ubiquitous and can cause a spectrum of pulmonary disorders from colonization, leading to hypersensitivity reactions, to invasive disease with high mortality rates. This chapter considers commonly encountered fungi and how diseases associated with them may present.
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Black, Donald W. Bad Boys, Bad Men 3rd edition. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197616918.001.0001.
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This book describes much of what has been learned about antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and traces the continuing search for answers. Perhaps the best, most concise definition of ASPD comes from psychiatrists Donald Goodwin and Samuel Guze: “Sociopathy (sociopathic personality or antisocial personality) is a pattern of recurrent antisocial, delinquent, or criminal behavior that begins in early childhood or early adolescence and is manifested by disturbances in many areas of life: family relations, schooling, work, military service, and marriage.” Thus, the diagnosis of ASPD relies on a mental health professional’s ability to uncover this pattern and trace it through a patient’s life. The book explores the possibility that ASPD may be at the root of a substantial amount of the troubles that plague society, and that learning more about the disorder might help in fighting crime, violence, and other social ills. It also highlights how ASPD is more common in men than women.
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Mishan, E. Thirteen Persistent Economic Fallacies. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216025610.
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E. J. Mishan, an iconoclastic economist who has taught at such schools as the London School of Economics and the New School for Social Research, is in this volume a provocateur, smashing staunchly held beliefs of the right (free trade and common markets are good for the economy), and the left (local jobs are always lost when factories close down, pay disparity between men and women signifies discrimination). He also pokes holes in the accepted wisdom held by all, arguing for example that economic growth does not necessarily improve lives. Those who believe the fallacies Mishan exposes to the light of reason in this book are, however, neither ignorant nor careless. The fallacies are all plausible, and intelligent people can be forgiven for believing them. Mishan simply wants readers to see these thirteen popular, persistent fallacies for what they are: Humbug. Mishan’s scintillating text is apolitical. In arguing that immigration does not benefit a country's economy, for example, he is not arguing in favor of restricting immigration. Rather, his goal is to test the assumptions behind the dearly held positions of both the left and the right or to expose what he calls the breathtaking fatuity that counts as wisdom these days. Mishan wants to interject common sense and logic into today's debates over the economy and, especially, the political arguments that translate into legislation that has a negative impact on people. Mishan’s ideas breathe new life into debates gone stale by ideology. As he notes, the fallacies in this volume travel in the highest circles, from debates in Congress to the pages of the Wall Street Journal, Time, and The Economist. Most are things everybody knows. He hopes, therefore, to expose the concerned citizen to the shock-treatment of discovering that much of what passes for conventional economic wisdom is in fact fallacious. As the Economist pointed out in its glowing review of the first edition of this book, Dr. Mishan has written the perfect book for anyone wishing to start the study of economics.
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Carson, Alan, and Jon Stone. Functional neurological symptoms. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0004.
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Functional neurological symptoms are a common cause of disability and distress in any neurological service. Varying terminology, including hysteria, conversion disorder, dissociative, non-organic, and psychogenic, reflects the shifting nature of medical thinking, over time, regarding these presentations. They also emphasize the importance of a historical understanding when grappling with this area. This chapter traces this history, from Briquet’s monumental treatise on hysteria in 1859 to a randomized controlled trial of non-epileptic seizures in 2010. In the process, familiar figures such as Freud and Janet are encountered and the electrical treatments of Yealland, for hysteria, are re-evaluated. The chapter highlights how the application of functional neuroimaging perhaps raises more questions than it answers, at the current time, but how it has also aided the reawakening of clinical and research interest in this core area of clinical neurology.
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Press, Tim. Intellectual Property Concentrate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198840640.001.0001.
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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Intellectual Property Concentrate is the essential study and revision guide for intellectual property law students. The clear, succinct coverage enables you to quickly grasp the fundamental principles of this area of law and helps you to succeed in exams. After an introduction to intellectual property and common themes, the book covers: copyright; computer programs and databases; moral rights; performers’ rights; trade secrets and confidential information; patents; designs; and passing-off and trade marks. Written by experts and covering all the key topics so you can approach your exams with confidence, the book is: clear, concise, and easy to use, helping you get the most out of your revision; full of learning features and tips to show you how best to impress your examiner; and accompanied by online resources including multiple-choice questions and interactive flashcards to test your understanding of topics. Its ‘Exam essentials’ feature prepares you for your intellectual property law exam by giving help and guidance on how to approach questions, structure answers, and avoid common pitfalls.
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Press, Tim. Intellectual Property Law Concentrate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198803881.001.0001.
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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Intellectual Property Law Concentrate is the essential study and revision guide for intellectual property law students. The clear, succinct coverage enables you to quickly grasp the fundamental principles of this area of law and helps you to succeed in exams. After an introduction to intellectual property and common themes, the book covers: copyright; computer programs and databases; moral rights; performers’ rights; trade secrets and confidential information; patents; designs; and passing-off and trade marks. Written by experts and covering all the key topics so you can approach your exams with confidence, the book is: clear, concise, and easy-to-use, helping you get the most out of your revision; full of learning features and tips to show you how best to impress your examiner; and accompanied by an Online Resource Centre including multiple-choice questions and interactive flashcards to test your understanding of topics. Its ‘Exam essentials’ feature prepares you for the your intellectual property law exam by giving help and guidance on how to approach questions, structure answers, and avoid common pitfalls.
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Cameron, Matt. Cockatoos. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095588.
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Cockatoos are large, intelligent and attractive birds. Of the 21 recognised species, 14 occur in Australia, with three of these also found in New Guinea. Seven species are distributed across the islands of south-east Asia. While many species are common or abundant, an increasing number face extinction due to habitat loss, the illegal bird trade and global warming.
Extensively illustrated, Cockatoos looks at the ecology and conservation of these iconic birds, including their evolution, distribution, movements, feeding and reproduction. It examines the pest status of cockatoos, the impact of the illegal bird trade and the role played by aviculturists in cockatoo conservation programs.
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Lawrence, Mark. Anglo-Hispania beyond the Black Legend. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350366251.
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This book traces and analyses the relationship between Britain and Spain in its various forms since 1489. So often viewed as antagonistic rivals in history, the two countries are here compared and contrasted in order to shed light on their international connection and how this has evolved over time. Mark Lawrence reflects on the similarities of their composite monarchies, their roles as successive projectors of European global power, and the common fondness for peculiarly patriotic expressions of Christianity through the ages. At the same time, Lawrence is alert to recognising other ways in which Britain and Spain have seemed worlds apart in their respective corners of the European continent. He examines how British Protestants excoriated Spain in a ‘Black Legend’, while Catholic propagandists dismissed rising English power as the work of pirates and heretics during the early modern period. In a series of chronological chapters rich with a diverse range of sources, Anglo-Hispania beyond the Black Legend considers the cultural exchanges which flourished amidst the growth of travel and new ideas in the 18th century, the surprising alliances of the 19th century and the shared international causes of the 20th. Whereas Spaniards feared or admired Britain for its successful political and fiscal system, the book convincingly argues, Britons romanticised Iberia for its supposed failures. It ultimately concludes that British campaigns in the 1700s and 1800s established a Romantic Spain in memoir culture which the 20th century gradually dissolved in the ideological cauldron of the 1930s and the advent of mass tourism.
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O'Callaghan, Casey. Perception and Multimodality. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0005.
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The article presents some findings concerning multimodality, and the philosophical implications of these findings. One of the findings is that crossmodal illusions show that perception involves interactions among processes associated with different modalities. Patterns of crossmodal bias and recalibration reveal the organization of multimodal perceptual processes. Multimodal interactions obey intelligible principles, they resolve conflicts, and they enhance the reliability of perception. Multimodal processes also demonstrate a concern across the senses for common features and individuals, for several reasons such as the intermodal biasing and recalibration responsible for crossmodal illusions requires that information from sensory stimulation associated with different senses be taken to be commensurable. The commensurable information from different senses shares, or traces to, a common source since conflict resolution requires a common subject matter. One important lesson of multimodal effects is that an analog of the correspondence problem within a modality holds between modalities. Spatio-temporal unity, objectual unity, and integration are tied to the capacity to detect constancies and solve correspondence problems across modalities. Solving crossmodal correspondence problems requires a common modal or multimodal code that is shared among modalities.
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Stuart, Casey-Maslen, Clapham Andrew, Giacca Gilles, and Parker Sarah. Art.1 Object and Purpose. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723523.003.0005.
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This chapter examines Article 1 of theATT, which sets out the objectives and purpose of the ATT. The provision is divided into two parts, the first of which outlines the ‘object’ of the treaty, while the second part summarizes the ATT’s ‘purpose’. Article 1 sets the ‘highest possible common international standards’ for regulating the international trade in conventional arms; preventing and eradicating illicit trade and preventing diversion are stipulated as the treaty’s object. The purpose of the ATT is to contribute to international and regional peace, security, and stability; reduce human suffering; and promote co-operation, transparency, and responsible action by states parties in international trade in conventional arms, thereby ‘building confidence’ among them.
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Gup, Benton E. Bank Failures in the Major Trading Countries of the World. Praeger, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400616334.
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Bank failures, near failures, and crises are common throughout the world, and particularly in the major G-10 trading countries, including the United States, Germany, and Japan. But equally common are the bailouts by national governments, when they perceive that bank failure will result in severe economic distress. Gup examines these events, focusing on happenings in the particularly volatile years since 1980, and finds that nonperforming real estate loans, even more than fraud, are the primary cause. His wide-ranging investigation casts doubt on the effectiveness of bank regulation and makes clear that with globalization and emerging technologies, change in regulatory methods is needed. This book is essential for scholars, students as well as professionals in international banking, finance, investment, and world trade.
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Zachary, Douglas, and Bodnar Andrew. Part V Financial Wrongdoing and Private International Law, 14 Money Had and Received. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198716587.003.0014.
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This chapter starts by giving an overview of the topic of money had, and money received. The common law action for money had and received requires the claimant to establish that, firstly, he originally had legal title to the money; secondly, the defendant received it and; thirdly, such receipt was unjust due to a vitiating factor. It is a claim based upon the unjust enrichment of the defendant at the claimant’s expense. The claim is one of strict liability and hence does not depend upon the fault of the defendant recipient. Actions for money had and received at Common Law are founded on the principles of following and Common Law tracing, which require the property itself to be capable of being followed or traced. However, once money is transferred through the banking system, particularly the international banking system, it very often becomes impossible to identify the particular funds which were originally received.
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Heimann, Fritz. Private Sector Response to Corruption. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458331.003.0019.
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This chapter focuses on what has been done to combat corruption in the private sector starting in the United States with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in 1977: the first law that criminalized foreign bribery. The OECD Convention, which internationalized the FCPA, became effective in 1999; it prohibits foreign bribery of public officials by over forty countries. The UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) became effective in 2005; it deals with domestic as well as foreign bribery, bribery of public officials as well as bribery in the private sector. Corporate responses have also evolved with anticorruption compliance programs applied by US companies now for more than three decades. This chapter covers common problem areas such as gifts, entertainment, and travel expenses; lobbyists and sales representatives; political contributions; facilitation payments; foreign subsidies and joint ventures. This chapter also covers the psychology of corrupt conduct and factors to change the corporate culture.
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Machtinger, Edward L., and Peter A. Nigrovic. Spanish for Pediatric Medicine. Edited by Janice A. Lowe. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581104554.
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Enhance patient and parent encounters with this newly expanded and enhanced pocket guide! Here's the easy-to-use manual you need to communicate with Spanish-speaking patients and parents more efficiently and effectively. Spanish for Pediatric Medicine features a quick-reference design that enables you to rapidly identify and explore common medical problems. English and Spanish equivalents are shown side-by-side for instant, precise use. This handy resource fits right in your pocket as you travel between well-child, sick visit, and emergency department settings. Optimized for use with Bright Futures--visit-specific translations from prenatal to 18- to 21-year visits reflect the organization of the AAP Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, 3rd Edition. All-new audio program--electronic access to downloadable audio clips of translations from a native Spanish speaker helps you improve comprehension and pronunciation. The new 2nd edition includes general visit translations--medical history, family history, description of pain, examination instructions, immunization screening, and discharge instructions; Bright Futures stage visit translations--spanning issues addressed in prenatal and newborn through late adolescent visits; emergency department (ED) visit translations--ED history, description of pain, examination instructions, and discharge instructions; system-specific translations--hematology/oncology, skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal; special issues translations--abuse screening, developmental milestones, lead toxicity screening, and obesity prevention and treatment; and translations for commonly used expressions/greetings--terms of endearment for children.
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Pila, Justine. The Trade Mark, Other Product Designations, and Goodwill. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688616.003.0006.
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This chapter considers the meaning of the terms that appropriately denote the subject matter protectable by registered trade mark and allied rights, including the common law action of passing off. Drawing on the earlier analyses of the objects protectable by patent and copyright, it defines the trade mark, designation of origin, and geographical indication in their current European and UK conception as hybrid inventions/works in the form of purpose-limited expressive objects. It also considers the relationship between the different requirements for trade mark and allied rights protection, and related principles of entitlement. In its conclusion, the legal understandings of trade mark and allied rights subject matter are presented as answers to the questions identified in Chapter 3 concerning the categories and essential properties of the subject matter in question, their method of individuation, and the relationship between and method of establishing their and their tokens’ existence.
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Jayes, Robert L., and Robert M. Kaiser. Primary Care for Homebound Patients. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0026.
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Home-based primary care is on the rise for several reasons: an aging population for which office-based care is less convenient, favorable changes in Medicare fee-for-service reimbursement, and a greater recognition that the care of sick homebound adults may be better done in their home. Home care practices can care for homebound patients with multiple comorbidities more efficiently, with lower costs and equivalent or superior outcomes. Home care is invaluable for individuals who may not be able to travel easily to a clinician’s office. Integrative Medicine may provide helpful treatment modalities for individuals being cared for at home—in particular, complementary treatments for common conditions such as chronic pain, falls, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The home has also become an important educational setting in which learners can readily acquire the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are essential in providing optimal care for complex, frail patients.
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Epstein, Richard A. The Basic Structure of Intellectual Property Law. Edited by Rochelle Dreyfuss and Justine Pila. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758457.013.7.
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This chapter puts forward a comprehensive framework for evaluating property regimes for both physical and intellectual property resources. It starts with an account of the trade-off between common and private property regimes, noting that the former is appropriate, as a first approximation for resources that facilitate communication and transportation, where holdout problems dominate externality constraints. But where high levels of investment are needed, and coordination problems are low, private property, as bounded by laws of trespass, nuisance and infringement now tend to dominate. There are no rules of acquisition for an open-access regime. But for private property in all its forms, the common and civil law rules of occupation avoid virtually all the complications that stem from Locke’s erroneous labor theory of acquisition. The chapter then explores the rules governing duration, exclusion, remedies, and alienation in multiple private property interests, including the major forms of intellectual property.
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Flanagan, Rosemary, and Jeffrey A. Miller. Specialty Competencies in School Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195386325.001.0001.
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Although School Psychology first became recognized as a specialty in professional psychology by CRSPPP in 1998, this area of psychology can be traced back to the late 19th century, where it can be thought to have developed alongside Clinical Psychology due to the types of cases seen in Lightner Witmer's Psychological Clinic that opened in 1896. Over the years, this psychology specialty has become to encompass the science and practice of psychology with regard to a wide range of learners, including children, youth, and families, as it impacts the schooling or educational process. In this volume, Drs. Flanagan and Miller provide a comprehensive overview of the foundational and functional competencies related to the specialty of school psychology. As the U.S. attempts to reclaim its stature as a leader in education, school psychologists are likely to play a crucial role across multiple tasks and levels. It includes information on common practice activities like assessment and intervention, as well as core knowledge areas such as ethical and legal issues, cultural diversity, and professional identification.
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Sawyer, W. Charles. U.S. International Trade Policy. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216028529.
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To understand trade policy, one needs to understand the basics of international economics. This book provides nonspecialists with accessible explanations of international trade, enabling readers to appreciate the importance of current events in international trade policy. Due to the ever-increasing globalization of the U.S. economy, articles that involve international trade policy—both here and abroad—are increasingly common in publications such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Economist. In many cases, it is apparent that the authors of such articles lack a sound understanding of the basics of international trade policy. Similarly, many nonspecialist readers do not have the necessary background to grasp the meaning of current events in international economics. This book serves both writers and readers, providing concise, easy-to-understand overviews of the key topics necessary for journalists to write understandable articles on trade policy and for readers to understand what they are reading. The book begins with coverage of the basic framework of international economics that readers need to grasp in order to understand trade policy. The next two sections cover the tools of trade policy and the political factors that drive their use. The author discusses the history of trade policy, describes how it has evolved over time, and explains where it is headed in the future. Readers will come away with a working understanding of topics such as balance of payments, the current account, comparative advantage, government export subsidies, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Doha Round, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the European Union (EU), and the U.S. Trade Representative.
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Mason, Peggy. Medical Neurobiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.001.0001.
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This textbook guides the medical student, regardless of background or intended specialty, through the anatomy and function of the human nervous system. In writing specifically for medical students, the author concentrates on the neural contributions to common diseases, whether neurological or not, and omits topics without clinical relevance. The two fundamental building blocks of the nervous system are neural communication and neuroanatomy. Foundations in both topics must be mastered. After learning the neurons and glial cells that comprise the nervous system, the book begins with a study of the anatomy of the nervous system before moving on to neural communication. With these basics of neurophysiology and neuroanatomy in hand, the reader is ready to tackle how the brain “works” by examining perception, voluntary movement, and homeostasis. The book is intended as a “travel guide” to the human brain, one that communicates to the reader the profound power and beauty of brain function while providing a memorable and enjoyable trip.
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Pillai, Vivek, and Christopher L. Drake. Shift work sleep disorder and jet lag. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0021.
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Some of the most devastating catastrophes in the modern world, such as the Chernobyl and Three Mile Island nuclear accidents, the Bhopal gas tragedy, and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, occurred during the night shift. These incidents serve as a painful reminder of the high individual and societal costs associated with sleep–wake schedules that oppose the endogenous physiological regulation of sleep and wakefulness across the 24-hour day. Insomnia-like symptoms during the sleep period and excessive sleepiness during the wake period are among the most common consequences of such circadian misalignment, and form the basis of shift work sleep disorder (SWD). Rapid jet travel across multiple time zones can similarly disrupt circadian synchrony, and trigger a variety of adverse health outcomes, including sleep disturbance, impaired wakefulness, and gastrointestinal complications. This chapter reviews the state of the science on SWD and jet lag, with a special emphasis on clinical evaluation and management.
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Cowhey, Peter F., and Jonathan D. Aronson. Data Privacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 lays out the political economic trade-offs in privacy protection designs and their implications for the types of privacy risks and constraints on innovations. To delve more deeply, it then contrasts the U.S. and EU approaches. This leads into an analysis of the protracted U.S.–EU disputes on privacy safeguards and the efforts to forge international agreements on privacy protection forged at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The most promising initiatives will require a significant role for global civil society in governance. The three issues examined in Part III are interlinked. A robust trade regime for the cloud ecosystem requires that common international understandings about cybersecurity and digital privacy also be developed. However, tidy grand bargains are unnecessary to make progress on these linked issues.
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Beverley-Smith, Huw. Rights in Data and Information. Edited by Rochelle Dreyfuss and Justine Pila. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758457.013.26.
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This Chapter examines intellectual property rights in data and information in the European Union and major common law systems. It outlines the principal forms of legal protection or compilations of data and analyzes the competing doctrinal and economic bases for rights in information. The practical legal, economic, and theoretical issues in granting property rights to collections of factual data in major legal systems are examined in the context of European harmonization efforts. The chapter further examines the protection of data and information under the laws of confidentiality and trade secrets, and informational privacy under the common law and statutory data protection laws. Finally, the chapter outlines the scope of data exclusivity rights in respect of pharmaceuticals and the challenges in accommodating the conflicting interests of market participants in data driven economies.
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Green, Stuart, Robert G. Zamenhof, and Denise E. Delahunty. Radiation measurement. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0004.
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The ability to make accurate and reproducible measurements requires a detailed knowledge of radiation detection mechanisms, quantities to be measured, basic measurement techniques, and assessment of measurement uncertainties. The chapter begins with an overview of the operational dose quantities and the mechanisms by which measurements are traced to a suitable primary standard. This is followed by some tips on detector selection for both dose rate and contamination applications, before a more detailed description of the basic functional characteristics of gas detectors, scintillation detectors, and semiconductor detector. In each case, suggestions are made on typical areas of use, limitations of performance along with practical examples. Detector resolution issues are discussed for active detectors before a brief overview of passive detector systems including film (photographic and radiochromic) and thermoluminescent dosimetry. The chapter concludes with some common issues in practical measurement and describes the role and importance of the annual instrument test.