Journal articles: 'Common skink'

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Bateson, Zachary W., John D. Krenz, and Robert E. Sorensen. "Multiple Paternity in the Common Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus)." Journal of Herpetology 45, no. 4 (December 2011): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/10-295.1.

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Hossain, Mosharrof, and Che Jing. "Molecular phylogeny of common sun skink, Eutropis (Squamata: Scincidae), of northwestern part of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42017.

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A study on the phylogenetic relationship of Bangladeshi Skink confirmed species as Eutropis multifasciata by Bayesian inference (BI) (100%) and 98% node support to maximum likelihood (ML) tree topology, respectively. The sequence divergences between Eutropis multifasciata and other congeneric species were significant, ranging from 0.1 to 13.6% for 16S rRNA. Intraspecific genetic divergence within E. multifasciata was estimated 10.3%. E. multifasciata formed a distinct clade with high posterior probability support. This maiden study on Bangladeshi Skink results support that one monophyletic subgroup containing all specimens of E. multifasciata and all recently recognized E. multifasciata populations have evolved from one common ancestor. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 13-25, 2019

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Chapple, David G., Kimberly A. Miller, Kirilee Chaplin, Louise Barnett, Michael B. Thompson, and Rebecca D. Bray. "Biology of the invasive delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata) on Lord Howe Island." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 6 (2014): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14098.

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Lord Howe Island (LHI) is a remote oceanic island in the south-west Pacific that is World Heritage listed due to its diverse, and largely endemic, biota. A suite of introduced species have colonised the island, resulting in the widespread population declines of many native species. The delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata DeVis) was accidentally introduced to LHI from mainland eastern Australia, but there has been no detailed investigation of its biology on the island, or its potential impact on the native biota. We conducted a detailed study of the distribution and biology of the delicate skink on LHI over a six-year period (2007–12). The delicate skink was introduced to LHI in the 1980s, and rapidly spread across the island. It presently occurs in all 21 low-elevation vegetation communities on LHI. The delicate skink is diurnal on LHI, and displays seasonal variation in activity with a peak in November–December. The delicate skink exhibits sexual dimorphism with females having larger body and abdomen sizes and males having longer and broader heads, although the degree of genetic admixture may influence morphology on LHI. Females reproduce in spring and summer (September–February), with a positive relationship between body size and clutch size. Clutch size ranges from 1 to 7 (mean 3.4) and communal egg nests (11–200+ eggs) are common. Tail loss is common on LHI (55%), but is more frequent in adults and females. We conclude that, based on its distribution and abundance, the delicate skink has the potential to impact the diverse and endemic invertebrate fauna on LHI.

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Fisher, Robert, and Ivan Ineich. "Cryptic extinction of a common Pacific lizard Emoia impar (Squamata, Scincidae) from the Hawaiian Islands." Oryx 46, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001778.

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AbstractMost documented declines of tropical reptiles are of dramatic or enigmatic species. Declines of widespread species tend to be cryptic. The early (1900s) decline and extinction of the common Pacific skink Emoia impar from the Hawaiian Islands is documented here through an assessment of literature, museum vouchers and recent fieldwork. This decline appears contemporaneous with the documented declines of invertebrates and birds across the Hawaiian Islands. A review of the plausible causal factors indicates that the spread of the introduced big-headed ant Pheidole megacephala is the most likely factor in this lizard decline. The introduction and spread of a similar skink Lampropholis delicata across the islands appears to temporally follow the decline of E. impar, although there is no evidence of competition between these species. It appears that L. delicata is spreading to occupy the niche vacated by the extirpated E. impar. Further confusion exists because the skink E. cyanura, which is very similar in appearance to E. impar, appears to have been introduced to one site within a hotel on Kaua'i and persisted as a population at that site for approximately 2 decades (1970s–1990s) but is now also extirpated. This study highlights the cryptic nature of this early species extinction as evidence that current biogeographical patterns of non-charismatic or enigmatic reptiles across the Pacific may be the historical result of early widespread invasion by ants. Conservation and restoration activities for reptiles in the tropical Pacific should consider this possibility and evaluate all evidence prior to any implementation.

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McKinney, Megan A., Christine A. Schlesinger, and Chris R. Pavey. "Foraging behaviour of the endangered Australian skink (Liopholis slateri)." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 6 (2014): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14071.

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The foraging behaviour of the endangered Australian skink (Liopholis slateri) was investigated through detailed observation of a subpopulation of lizards during seven months of sampling. Slater’s skinks primarily exhibited ambush predation, darting from burrow entrances to distances of up to 4 m with a success rate of ~70%. The direction of darting was often straight ahead and almost always in an 180° arc in front of the burrow entrance. Juveniles foraged more frequently and further from burrows than adults. Ants were the most common prey item taken and juveniles targeted small ants as prey more often than adults and often moved further to capture these prey. The spread of introduced buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) in central Australia in recent decades is a possible contributing factor to the decline of L. slateri. A wide field of view appears to be critical for the success of the sit-and-wait foraging strategy employed by the skinks and additional research is required to determine whether further encroachment of buffel grass around burrow systems will impede visibility and directly affect foraging behaviour of these skinks.

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MELZER, SABINE, TRENT BELL, and GEOFF B. PATTERSON. "Hidden conservation vulnerability within a cryptic species complex: taxonomic revision of the spotted skink (Oligosoma lineoocellatum; Reptilia: Scincidae) from New Zealand." Zootaxa 4300, no. 3 (August 3, 2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.3.2.

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The diverse skink fauna of New Zealand comprises 40 described species within the single genus Oligosoma Girard, 1857. Cryptic species are common among New Zealand skinks, leaving numerous species undescribed. We used molecular phylogeny together with morphological analyses to distinguish four species in the spotted skink, Oligosoma lineoocellatum (Duméril & Duméril 1851), species complex. These are O. lineoocellatum sensu stricto, which is confined to the centre of the South Island, O. prasinum sp. nov. from the Lake Tekapo region, O. elium sp. nov. from the northern half of the South Island, and O. kokowai sp. nov. from the northern South Island, Cook Strait, and the North Island. Despite significant genetic differences, the morphological similarity of these species made it challenging to resolve their taxonomic identity. Three of the four species previously recognised as a single, widespread taxon are now recognised as threatened with extinction by a combination of invasive predatory mammals and land use change.

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Alibardi, L. "Cornification in developing claws of the common Australian skink (Lampropholis guichenoti) (Squamata, Lacertidae)." Italian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 4 (December 2008): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000801973334.

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Kaewsri, Sarawut, Sirinee Yodmuang, Alongklod Tanomtong, Isara Patawang, Sarun Jumrusthanasan, and Krit Pinthong. "Cytogenetics of the Skinks (Reptilia, Scincidae) from Thailand; I: Chromosome Analyses of the Common Sun Skink (Eutropis multifasciata)." CYTOLOGIA 79, no. 4 (2014): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.79.457.

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Karunarathna, D. M. S. Suranjan, and A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe. "COMMON SKINK Eutropis carinata (REPTILIA : SCINCIDAE) FEED ON ENDEMIC SEMI-SLUG Ratnadvipia irradians (LIMACOIDEA : ARIOPHANTIDAE)." Taprobanica 1, no. 2 (November 22, 2009): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v1i2.22.

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10

Hedin, Marshal C., Philip D. Sudman, Ira F. Greenbaum, and Jack W. Sites. "Synaptonemal Complex Analysis of Sex Chromosome Pairing in the Common Ground Skink, Scincella lateralis (Sauria, Scincidae)." Copeia 1990, no. 4 (December 31, 1990): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1446496.

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11

Andrade, Julia B., Ryshonda P. Lewis, and Phil Senter. "Appendicular skeletons of five Asian skink species of the genera Brachymeles and Ophiomorus, including species with vestigial appendicular structures." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 4 (2016): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003062.

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Vestigial biological structures provide an important line of evidence for macroevolution. They abound in the appendicular skeletons of limbless and reduced-limbed members of the skink subfamily Scincinae, which includes a predominantly Asian clade and a predominantly African clade. Reduced appendicular skeletons in the predominantly African clade have received much recent attention, but for most species in the predominantly Asian clade the appendicular skeleton has yet to be described. Here we provide descriptions of the appendicular skeletons of the reduced-limbed skinks Brachymeles bonitae and Ophiomorus blandfordi, the externally limbless skink Ophiomorus punctatissimus, and, for comparison, the pentadactyl skinks Brachymeles gracilis and B. talinis. We used x-ray radiographs to examine the skeletons of these species and to note similarities and differences in the previously-described appendicular skeletal morphology of related species. We found that in B. bonitae the pectoral and pelvic girdles are unreduced, the proximal limb elements are reduced, and the distal limb elements are vestigial. In O. punctatissimus vestigial pectoral and pelvic girdles are present. In O. blanfordi the fifth metatarsal is vestigial. The phylogenetic distribution of morphological features related to appendicular reduction shows that multiple, parallel reduction events have taken place within each of these two genera. In addition, the anatomical distribution of element reduction and loss in these genera shows that the bones are reduced and lost in the same sequence in the predominantly Asian scincine clade as they are in other squamate clades. This suggests a common evolutionary mechanism for appendicular reduction and loss across the Squamata.

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12

L. Mensforth, Corinne, and C. Michael Bull. "Selection of artificial refuge structures in the Australian skink, Egernia stokesii." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 1 (2008): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080063.

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At least three currently named subspecies of the rock dwelling skink Egernia stokesii from Western Australia (E. s. stokesii, E. s. aethiops and E. s. badia) have restricted distributions or are considered endangered. We tested preferences of the more common eastern form of E. stokesii (E. s. zellingi) for various artificial refuges made from paving bricks by offering alternative structures in enclosures and recording times spent on each. We found that lizards preferred refuges with more crevices. They did not discriminate between structures where the crevices were located higher or lower or between structures that did or did not have adjacent small bushes. However, lizard basking position was influenced by crevice height or by proximity of a bush. Our results are relevant where translocations of animals are a component of conservation management, and where artificial refuges are added to induce relocated individuals to remain or to increase resources for existing populations.

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Stampe, Karina, Ole Næsbye Larsen, and Stephanie S. Godfrey. "Ecto- and endoparasites of the King's skink (Egernia kingii) on Penguin Island." Parasitology 147, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 1094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000839.

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AbstractWildlife species are often host to a diversity of parasites, but our knowledge of their diversity and ecology is extremely limited, especially for reptiles. Little is known about the host-parasite ecology of the Australian lizard, the King's skink (Egernia kingii). In spring of 2015, we carried out a field-based study of a population of King's skinks on Penguin Island (Western Australia). We documented five species of parasites, including two ectoparasitic mites (an undescribed laelapid mite and Mesolaelaps australiensis), an undescribed coccidia species, and two nematode species (Pharyngodon tiliquae and Capillaria sp.). The laelapid mite was the most abundant parasite, infesting 46.9% of the 113 captured lizards. This mite species increased in prevalence and abundance over the course of the study. Infection patterns of both mites varied with lizard life-stage; sub-adults were more commonly infested with laelapid mites than adults or juveniles, and sub-adults and adults were infested by more laelapid mites than juveniles. By contrast, adults had a higher prevalence of M. australiensis than juveniles or sub-adults. Among the gastrointestinal parasites, P. tiliquae was relatively common among the sampled lizards (35.3%). These results give new important information about reptiles as parasite hosts and what factors influence infection patterns.

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Ngo, Chung D., Binh V. Ngo, Thuong T. Hoang, Thi T. T. Nguyen, and Hai P. Dang. "Feeding ecology of the common sun skink,Eutropis multifasciata(Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam." Journal of Natural History 49, no. 39-40 (April 7, 2015): 2417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1021876.

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15

Jackson, Nathan D., and Christopher C. Austin. "THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF RIVERS AND REFUGIA GENERATE EXTREME CRYPTIC FRAGMENTATION WITHIN THE COMMON GROUND SKINK (SCINCELLA LATERALIS)." Evolution 64, no. 2 (February 2010): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00840.x.

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Diep, Chi Thi Le, and Nho Thi Vo. "EFFECTS OF INFRARED LIGHT ON THE SURVIVAL RATE OF COMMON SUN SKINK (Eutropis multifasciata) IN A SEMI-NATURAL HABITAT IN QUANG BINH PROVINCE, VIET NAM." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 38 (May 14, 2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.38.2020.560.

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This study aimed to determine the effects of infrared lamps on survival rates of mature and immature common sun skinks (Eutropis multifasciata) in semi-natural conditions in Quang Binh Province, Vietnam, in the cold weather. A sample size of 400 mature (28 weeks old) and 120 immature common sun skinks were used in a completely randomized design with two variables of different lighting methods: infrared and incandescent light. Suitable food and water were freely provided. Results showed that the survival rates of the mature and juvenile common sun skinks were 82.5% and 39.2% with infrared light and 30.5% and 0% with incandescent light. Compared to incandescent light, the growth of young offsprings in the first 4 weeks after birth was greater with the infrared light and the average cumulative growth weight reached 2.18 g per individualby the fourth week. With incandescent light, common sun skinks lost their weight over time and gradually died out by the third week. Thus, infrared light which can be used to warm up pens may be an effective techniquein raising common sun skinks in semi-natural conditions in Quang Binh.

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Kostmann, Alexander, Lukáš Kratochvíl, and Michail Rovatsos. "Poorly differentiated XX/XY sex chromosomes are widely shared across skink radiation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1943 (January 20, 2021): 20202139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2139.

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Differentiated sex chromosomes are believed to be evolutionarily stable, while poorly differentiated sex chromosomes are considered to be prone to turnovers. With around 1700 currently known species forming ca 15% of reptile species diversity, skinks (family Scincidae) are a very diverse group of squamates known for their large ecological and morphological variability. Skinks generally have poorly differentiated and cytogenetically indistinguishable sex chromosomes, and their sex determination was suggested to be highly variable. Here, we determined X-linked genes in the common sandfish ( Scincus scincus ) and demonstrate that skinks have shared the same homologous XX/XY sex chromosomes across their wide phylogenetic spectrum for at least 85 million years, approaching the age of the highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes of birds and advanced snakes. Skinks thus demonstrate that even poorly differentiated sex chromosomes can be evolutionarily stable. The conservation of sex chromosomes across skinks allows us to introduce the first molecular sexing method widely applicable in this group.

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O’Shea, Mark, Kukuh Indra Kusuma, and Hinrich Kaiser. "First record of the Common Wolfsnake, Lycodon capucinus (H. Boie in F. Boie 1827), from New Guinea, with comments on its widespread distribution and confused taxonomy, and a new record for the Common Sun Skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl 1820)." Reptiles & Amphibians 25, no. 1 (December 13, 2020): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v25i1.14247.

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We report the first records of the Island Wolfsnake, Lycodon capucinus (H. Boie in F. Boie 1827) at Timika, Mimika Regency, Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea. These are of considerable interest since they provide further proof for the ability of this species to disperse via human transport, and the expansion into New Guinea represents a significant milestone, a distance of 675 km (by air) from the closest known population on Seram Island in the Moluccan Archipelago. Of even broader interest is the fact that one of the specimens contained a prey item, a Common Sun Skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl 1820), in itself a significant territorial expansion for that species. We preface our reports with a comprehensive review of the available information on the Island Wolfsnake’s taxonomy and distribution. We also discuss the expansion of E. multifasciata across Wallacea and into New Guinea.

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Giovannotti, Massimo, Paola Nisi Cerioni, Andrea Splendiani, Paolo Ruggeri, Ettore Olmo, and Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. "Slow evolving satellite DNAs: the case of a centromeric satellite in Chalcides ocellatus (Forskål, 1775) (Reptilia, Scincidae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 34, no. 3 (2013): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002905.

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Satellite DNAs represent a preponderant portion of eukaryotic genomes, and despite the ample literature on satDNAs of eukaryotes little is known about these repetitive elements in reptiles. Studies on reptiles satellite DNAs have been mainly focused on lacertid lizards and only one aimed at characterising these repetitive elements in skinks. Here, the isolation and characterisation of a satellite DNA in two populations of the ocellated skink, Chalcides ocellatus (Forskål, 1775), is presented. The repetitive element isolated is located at centromeres of all chromosomes of the complement, shows a tendency towards AT enrichment (53.5%), and contains short motifs that are common in centromeric satellites of eukaryotes (TG/CA, GAAA). The satellite shows an extremely low evolutionary rate (0.13% per million year) that make it unsuitable as a phylogenetic probe to assess the genetic differentiation of the populations investigated, that show a deep genetic divergence at mitochondrial level. The influence of satellite location on chromosomes and chromosomal morphology are invoked to explain this unusually slow mutation rate.

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Karunarathna, DMS Saranjan, and AA Thasun Amarasinghe. "Common skink Eutropis carinata (Reptilia: Scincidae) feed on endemic semi-slug Ratnadvipia irradians (Limacoidae: Ariophantidae)." TAPROBANICA: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity 1, no. 2 (January 27, 2011): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v1i2.2769.

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21

Hecnar, Stephen J. "Nest distribution, site selection, and brooding in the five-lined skink (Eumeces fasciatus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-199.

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I studied nest site selection and brooding behaviour in a population of Eumeces fasciatus at Point Pelee National Park, Ontario, Canada, in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Females preferred large, moderately decayed logs as nest sites. Multiple and communal nests were common in all years even though suitable nest sites were not limited. Soil moisture appeared to be an important physical factor. Soil moisture was higher at nests than at other sites or in the ambient environment. Females varied brooding position according to the moisture level. Brooding positions with high body to egg contact were observed with lower moisture levels, and low-contact positions were observed with higher moisture levels. Females did not space eggs or vary cavity size to control moisture, but they may have moved nests vertically. The woody debris that female skinks select as nest sites provide a relatively constant microclimate for egg development. The aggregated pattern of nest distribution suggests a possible response to predation pressures.

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LIGGINS, LIBBY, DAVID G. CHAPPLE, CHARLES H. DAUGHERTY, and PETER A. RITCHIE. "A SINE of restricted gene flow across the Alpine Fault: phylogeography of the New Zealand common skink (Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma)." Molecular Ecology 17, no. 16 (August 2008): 3668–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03864.x.

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Thornett, Elizabeth, Bertram Ostendorf, and David A. Taggart. "Interspecies co-use of southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) burrows." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 2 (2017): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15052.

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Burrows can provide refuge for both burrowing and non-burrowing species within harsh environments through protection from climatic extremes, water loss and predation. In Australia, however, despite having a rich diversity of burrowing mammals, little is known about the use of burrows by non-burrowing species. This study aimed to identify the extent of co-use of southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) burrows on Wedge Island off the coast of South Australia. Burrow use was monitored using 34 motion-activated cameras placed outside wombat burrows between March and September 2015. Eleven species were found to use burrows, with six commensal species observed using burrows on numerous occasions. These included two mammal species (black-footed rock-wallaby, Petrogale lateralis pearsoni; brush-tailed bettong, Bettongia penicillata), three reptile species (peninsula dragon, Ctenophorus fionni; southern sand-skink, Liopholis multiscutata; White’s skink, Liopholis whitii), and one avian species (little penguin, Eudyptula minor). The most common species observed using burrows was the black-footed rock-wallaby, which was recorded using burrows 1795 times. Observations of wombats using burrows were made 1674 times. The prevalent use of burrows on Wedge Island by species other than wombats is an observation with potentially important and broad ecological, conservation, and management implications across Australia’s arid and semiarid zones.

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Morgan, S. A., C. M. Hansen, J. G. Ross, G. J. Hickling, S. C. Ogilvie, and A. M. Paterson. "Urban cat (Felis catus) movement and predation activity associated with a wetland reserve in New Zealand." Wildlife Research 36, no. 7 (2009): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09023.

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Context. House cats are increasingly suggested as having major ecological impacts in semiurban environments. Information on the activity of house cats is relatively scarce, especially in habitats such as wetlands. Aims. This study examines the movement and foraging behaviour of house cats living on the periphery of a wetland reserve in Christchurch city, New Zealand. Methods. Twenty-one domestic cats living in a suburban residential area were studied using radiotelemetry to determine home-range size, mean and maximum distances travelled into the adjacent wetland, and the proportion of time spent in the wetland over a 12-month period. Surveys of prey retrieval for 88 cats were also carried out by cat owners over the same 12-month period. Key results. Cat age and the distance of the cat’s home from the periphery of the wetland were highly correlated with cat movement and hunting activity. These movements were not markedly influenced by season or time of day. Younger cats (<6 years of age) living on the periphery of the wetland had larger home-range sizes, moved significantly further into the wetland and spent a significantly greater proportion of time in the wetland. Cats living close to the wetland also brought a greater diversity and a greater total number of prey items to their home-site. Rates of predation were not significantly influenced by sex or whether the cat was wearing a bell. The most common prey items were introduced rodents and birds; however, 172 of 981 prey items were identified as a native common skink. Conclusions.Consequently, cats living in households on the wetland periphery currently pose a predation risk for the wetland species, and the impact of cats on the native skink population warrants further investigation. Implications. This study suggests that domestic cats will exploit wild habitats but that their potential impact will have both positive (predation of introduced pest species) and negative (occasional direct predation) effects on native wildlife.

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Sunagar, Kartik, and Siju V. Abraham. "The Curious Case of the “Neurotoxic Skink”: Scientific Literature Points to the Absence of Venom in Scincidae." Toxins 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13020114.

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In contrast to the clearly documented evolution of venom in many animal lineages, the origin of reptilian venom is highly debated. Historically, venom has been theorised to have evolved independently in snakes and lizards. However, some of the recent works have argued for the common origin of venom in “Toxicofera” reptiles, which include the order Serpentes (all snakes), and Anguimorpha and Iguania lizards. Nevertheless, in both these contrasting hypotheses, the lizards of the family Scincidae are considered to be harmless and devoid of toxic venoms. Interestingly, an unusual clinical case claiming neurotoxic envenoming by a scincid lizard was recently reported in Southern India. Considering its potentially significant medicolegal, conservation and evolutionary implications, we have summarised the scientific evidence that questions the validity of this clinical report. We argue that the symptoms documented in the patient are likely to have resulted from krait envenomation, which is far too frequent in these regions.

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Siler, Cameron D., Luke J. Welton, Jessi M. Siler, Joseph Brown, Abner Bucol, Arvin C. Diesmos, and Rafe M. Brown. "Amphibians and Reptiles, Luzon Island, Aurora Province and Aurora Memorial National Park, northern Philippines: new island distribution records." Check List 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.2.182.

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We report 35 new amphibian and reptile distribution records for two regions within the southern Sierra Madre Mountain Range, Aurora Province, central Luzon Island, Philippines. Together with results of our previous survey work in Aurora, our new data result in a total of 82 amphibian and reptile species for the area. These results highlight the degree to which the island’s biodiversity continues to be underestimated and poorly understood. We report on observations of rarely encountered species including the skink Sphenomorphus leucospilos, the forest gecko Luperosaurus cf. cumingii, and a sensational new species of monitor lizard, Varanus bitatawa. Our recent collections clarify the conservation status of the “critically endangered” Polillo Island forest frog Platymantis polillensis, now known to be widespread, abundant, and common throughout Camarines Norte, Quezon, and Aurora Provinces on the adjacent mainland of Luzon Island. These results add to our growing understanding of many species’ distributions in the region.

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Cunningham, George D., Geoffrey M. While, and Erik Wapstra. "Climate and sex ratio variation in a viviparous lizard." Biology Letters 13, no. 5 (May 2017): 20170218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0218.

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The extent to which key biological processes, such as sex determination, respond to environmental fluctuations is fundamental for assessing species' susceptibility to ongoing climate change. Few studies, however, address how climate affects offspring sex in the wild. We monitored two climatically distinct populations of the viviparous skink Niveoscincus ocellatus for 16 years, recording environmental temperatures, offspring sex and date of birth. We found strong population-specific effects of temperature on offspring sex, with female offspring more common in warm years at the lowland site but no effect at the highland site. In contrast, date of birth advanced similarly in response to temperature at both sites. These results suggest strong population-specific effects of temperature on offspring sex that are independent of climatic effects on other physiological processes. These results have significant implications for our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of variation in sex ratios under climate change.

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Norval, Gerrut, and Michael G. Gardner. "The natural history of the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa (Gray, 1825) - Insight from chance observations and long-term research on a common Australian skink species." Austral Ecology 45, no. 4 (March 12, 2019): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12715.

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Masila, Nicodemus M., Kirstin E. Ross, Michael G. Gardner, and Harriet Whiley. "Zoonotic and Public Health Implications of Campylobacter Species and Squamates (Lizards, Snakes and Amphisbaenians)." Pathogens 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100799.

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Campylobacter spp. is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of veterinary and public health significance. Globally, the incidence of campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade in both developing and developed countries. Squamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) are a potential reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. This systematic review examined studies from the last 20 years that have reported squamate-associated human campylobacteriosis. It was found that C. fetus subsp. testudinum and C. fetus subsp. fetus were the most common species responsible for human campylobacteriosis from a squamate host. The common squamate hosts identified included bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), green iguana (Iguana iguana), western beaked gecko (Rhynchoedura ornate) and blotched blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua nigrolutea). People with underlying chronic illnesses, the immunocompromised and the elderly were identified as the most vulnerable population. Exposure to pet squamates, wild animals, consumption of reptilian cuisines and cross contamination with untreated water were risk factors associated with Campylobacter infections. Proper hand hygiene practices, responsible pet ownership, ‘One Health’ education and awareness on zoonotic diseases will help reduce the public health risks arising from Campylobacter exposure through squamates. Continued surveillance using molecular diagnostic methods will also enhance detection and response to squamate-linked campylobacteriosis.

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ALCALA, E. L., A. C. ALCALA, and C. N. DOLINO. "Amphibians and reptiles in tropical rainforest fragments on Negros Island, the Philippines." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 3 (September 2004): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001407.

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To elucidate effects of fragmentation and degradation of tropical rainforest on Negros Island (Philippines) on tropical herpetofauna, nine tropical rainforest fragments (eight limestone and one non-limestone), ranging in area from five to 122 ha (total area = 352 ha) in south-western Negros were surveyed using cruising and quadrat sampling methods, between December 2001 and October 2002. A 14-ha limestone plantation forest served as a reference site. Ten to fifteen of the total 61 species (16.4–24.6%) expected in the nine forest fragments (taken as a whole) had been lost in the previous 50 years. These species are known to occur in the tropical rainforest on Cuernos de Negros and environs in south-eastern Negros Island at altitudes <500 m above sea level. The factors responsible for the loss of these species appear to be (1) removal of large trees, which decreases canopy cover causing physical changes; and (2) forest fragmentation, which increases the edge areas. However, it is not possible to separate the effects of each of these two factors. The main factor that was correlated with the number of species in the limestone forest fragments appeared to be area. Two species of frogs appeared to be represented by relatively moderate population densities: the Negros cave frog (Platymantis spelaeus) and the common forest frog (Platymantis dorsalis). The burrowing skink (Brachymeles boulengeri taylori) also exhibited a relatively higher density than the other burrowing species of skinks. The other herpetofaunal species exhibited low population densities.

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Inayah, Nurul, Nyoman Puniawati Soesilo, and Rarastoeti Pratiwi. "Effect of Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko LINNAEUS, 1758) Saliva on Angiogenesis During Wound Healing Phase of Auotomized Tail in Common Sun Skink (Eutropis multifasciata KUHL, 1820)." Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 13, no. 2 (2017): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47349/jbi/13022017/253.

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Rahman, Hasibur, M. Firoj Jaman, and Md Saidur Rahman. "ECOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF WILDLIFE IN THE ECO-PARK OF THE JAMUNA BRIDGE AND ITS ADJACENT AREA, SIRAJGONJ, BANGLADESH." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 20 (October 27, 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11327.

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Animal diversity of an area is a good indicator for understanding a healthy habitat. We conducted a detail study on ecology and the wildlife diversity in the Eco-park of Jamuna bridge and its adjacent area of Sirajgonj district from April 2010 to March 2011. We employed transect line method and interviewed local people to reveal the status and distribution of wild animal and identify their microhabitats. A total of 89 species of wild animals was recorded, of which, 6 (6.74%) species were amphibians, 11 (12.36%) reptiles, 56 (62.93%) birds and 16 (17.94%) mammals. Regarding relative abundance, 18 (20.22%) species of wildlife were very common, 35 (39.33%) common, 28 (31.46%) fairly common, 7 (7.87%) few and only one (1.12%) was occasionally found. In total 25 species of wildlife were identified as threatened category. In amphibians, 3 species were vulnerable nationally. In reptiles, 4 species were vulnerable and one endangered. In birds, 4 species were vulnerable, 6 endangered and one critically endangered (Gallicrex cinerea). In mammals, 3 vulnerable and 3 endangered nationally. Among the amphibians, skipper frog (Euplyctis cyanophlyctis) and toad (Bufo melanostictus) frequently occurred. Among the reptiles, common garden lizard (Calotis versicolor), common skink (Mabuya carinata) and cheekered keel back water snake (Xenochorphis piscator) were frequently occurred. Among the birds, common myna (Acrodotheres tristis), pied myna (A. fuscus), black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) and house crow (Corvus splendens) occurred frequently. Among the mammals, shrew (Suncus murinus), flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) and black rat (Rattus rattus) frequently occurred. Our study shows that illegal exploitation of trees, overgrazing of domestic animals, shooting and collection of young animals are the mentionable causes for declining wild animals. We suggest that awareness creation and preparation of proper management action plan in cooperation with related national and international organizations are necessary in order to protect the wildlife resources in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11327Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013Page : 27-36

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Dong, Joanna, Lauren Bonomo, and Mark Lebwohl. "Common Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions in Dermatology: Oral Therapies." SKIN: The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.1.2.3.

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Millikan, Larry E. "Common Skin Disorders." Postgraduate Medicine 78, no. 7 (November 15, 1985): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1985.11699207.

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Mickel, Timothy J. "Common Skin Disorders." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 98, no. 1 (July 1996): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199607000-00033.

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Thappa, Devinder Mohan. "Common skin problems." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 69, no. 8 (August 2002): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02722708.

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Moore, T. L., L. E. Valentine, M. D. Craig, G. E. S. J. Hardy, and P. A. Fleming. "Is the reptile community affected by Eucalyptus wandoo tree condition?" Wildlife Research 40, no. 5 (2013): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13015.

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Context Large portions of the world’s forests and woodlands are currently affected by declines in canopy condition of dominant tree species; however, the effects of these declines on faunal communities are largely unknown. Eucalyptus wandoo woodlands in the south-west region of Western Australia have demonstrated declines in condition since the early 1990s. Such declines in tree condition can result in reduced understorey vegetation, increased leaf-litter cover and coarse woody debris, potentially altering the habitat and resource available to reptiles. Prescribed fire events, another mechanism of habitat change for reptiles, are a common occurrence in these woodlands. Aims The present research investigated whether reptile communities were influenced by E. wandoo tree condition, and the changes in the habitat associated with E. wandoo decline. Methods Reptile trapping was conducted at 24 E. wandoo-dominated sites (of varying condition) in Dryandra State Forest and Wandoo Conservation Park, Western Australia. Overall, reptile abundance, species richness and individual reptile species abundances (only those species captured in sufficient numbers for analysis) were compared with a range of habitat characteristics that are likely to be altered by changes in E. wandoo tree condition. Key results Overall, higher reptile abundance and species richness were observed at sites with longer time since fire and more site litter cover. There was also a greater abundance and diversity of reptiles at sites where E. wandoo trees exhibited fewer symptoms of tree decline. Similar analyses for the five most common skink species indicated species-specific relationships with tree-condition measures, time since last fire, site litter cover, distance to drift fence from E. wandoo trees, understorey vegetation density and the density of coarse woody debris. Conclusions Abundance and species diversity of the reptile communities in E. wandoo woodlands were strongly related to time since last fire, E. wandoo tree condition and habitat characteristics such as site litter cover and the density of coarse woody debris. Implications Decline in the condition of E. wandoo trees and the fire events in E. wandoo woodlands are both mechanisms of change correlated with reptile habitat and resources. Future management of E. wandoo woodlands may include reducing prescribed fire events in areas demonstrating symptoms of tree decline, to conserve reptile abundance and species richness.

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Nagata, Masahiko, and Hiroko Nanko. "Canine and Feline Common Skin Diseases Shared with Humans." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Dermatology 16, no. 1 (2010): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2736/jjvd.16.3.

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Khan, Amjad Ali, Abdul Shaheed Asghar, Israr Ahmed Akhund, and Muhammad Ishaq. "COMMON PIGMENTED SKIN LESIONS." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 01 (January 8, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4217.

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Waugh, M. "Roxburgh's common skin diseases." Sexually Transmitted Infections 62, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.62.4.285.

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Barrelet, Annalisa, Alastair Foote, and Janet D. Littlewood. "Common equine skin tumours." Companion Animal 15, no. 6 (July 2010): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3862.2010.tb00491.x.

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Gaskell, Suzanne, Stephanie Drinkwater, and Alex Davies. "Common benign skin lesions." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 9, no. 9 (March 22, 2016): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738015622225.

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Garrison, Joseph. "Under the Common Skin." Theology Today 48, no. 2 (July 1991): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057369104800209.

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Kahn, Robert M., and Ellie J. C. Goldstein. "Common bacterial skin infections." Postgraduate Medicine 93, no. 6 (May 1993): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1993.11701692.

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Khan, Amjad Ali, Abdul Shaheed Asghar, Israr Ahmed Akhund, and Muhammad Ishaq. "COMMON PIGMENTED SKIN LESIONS." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 01 (January 10, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.01.542.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study is; firstly, to study the histopathologicalspectrum of the pigmented skin lesions in the community, to signify that not all pigmented skinlesions are malignant melanomas; secondly, to assess the age-wise distribution of the commonpigmented skin lesions; and thirdly, to determine the commonly affected body sites by thesepigmented skin lesions. Study Design: Retrospective/Observational study. Setting: CharsadaTeaching Hospital affiliated with Jinnah Medical College Peshawar. Period: 100 consecutivecases with clinical diagnosis of pigmented skin lesion, starting in the year 2013. Methods: Inthis study, 100 consecutive surgical pathology cases with clinical diagnosis of pigmented skinlesion were retrieved from the archives of Charsada Teaching Hospital affiliated with JinnahMedical College Peshawar. All the specimens were incisional biopsies of skin, fixed in 10%formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stains. Results: Onanalyzing 100 consecutive pigmented skin lesions (n=100) starting from the year 2013, it wasfound thatthe large majority of these lesions were benign. The most common pigmented skinlesion was melanocytic nevus. Moreover, majority of pigmented skin lesions were seen infemales. Seborrheic keratosis and malignant tumors, like basal cell carcinoma and squamouscell carcinomas, were more commonly seen in males in the 6th and 7th decades of life; whereas,dermatofibroma and post-inflammatory pigmentation were more common in females in the 4thand 5th decades of life. Overall, the pigmented skin lesions were more common in the 3rd, 4th, and5th decades of life with peak in the 4th decade. Skin of face was the most common site affectedby melanocytic nevi and malignant epidermal skin tumors. Conclusions: In conclusion, mostof the pigmented skin lesions are benign, encountered in the 4th decade of life, and commonlyaffect the skin of face. Also, most of the melanocytic nevi are encountered in females, whilemost of the malignant epidermal neoplasms are encountered in males affecting the skin of face.

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Dong, Joanna, Lauren Bonomo, and Mark Lebwohl. "Common Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions in Dermatology: Oral Therapies." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/10.25251/skin.1.2.3.

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Drug-drug interactions between systemic oral therapies in dermatology can result in preventable iatrogenic causes of patient morbidity and mortality. Most of these interactions are due to cytochrome P450 or renal excretion interactions. We review here a number of drugs and drug-drug interactions seen in general dermatology, including methotrexate, bexarotene, macrolides, cyclosporine, epinephrine, isotretinoin, spirinolactone, allopurinol, and oral contraceptives.

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Almansoori, Mariam Turki, Xuan Li, and Lianxi Zheng. "A Brief Review on E-skin and its Multifunctional Sensing Applications." Current Smart Materials 4, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405465804666190313154903.

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Electronic skin (e-skin) is an artificial skin that mimics the sensing capabilities of human skin, which brings many potential applications in robotics, artificial intelligence, prosthetics, and health monitoring technologies. Many attempts associated with various mechanisms/approaches and materials/structures have been developed to match the e-skins to the particular functions of specific applications. Along the time, high sensitivity, mechanical flexibility/stretchability, multifunction, and large area are common driving forces in the research area. New materials, with a variety of structures and unique properties, offer a plenty of freedoms in designing and fabricating e-skins. Significant progress has been made in recently years. This paper firstly reviews the most recent progress on nanomaterial- based e-skins according to four major sensing mechanisms, with an emphasis on the effects of various materials on the sensitivity and stretchability of e-skins. Then the paper updates the progress and effort with respect to multifunctional e-skins and organic-thin-film-transistor based large-area e-skins. Further development possibilities are also briefly discussed.

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A. Ludwig, John, Robert W. Eager, Adam C. Liedloff, Juliana C. McCosker, David Hannah, Nicole Y. Thurgate, John C. Z. Woinarski, and Carla P. Catterall. "Clearing and grazing impacts on vegetation patch structures and fauna counts in eucalypt woodland, Central Queensland." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 3 (2000): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000254.

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There is national and international concern that tree clearing and cattle grazing reduce habitat for native fauna. In this paper we quantify how the degree of clearing and the level of grazing change the patch structure and composition of vegetation in eucalypt woodlands, and how these habitat changes affect counts for 10 species including birds, reptiles and small mammals. These species were selected because they were abundant, hence providing the data needed for ordinations and regressions. We studied 37 sites occurring in two regions of central Queensland: Blackwater/Emerald and Alpha/Jericho. On each site, indices for the degree of tree clearing and the level of livestock grazing were assessed, the cover and size of tree groves, shrub thickets, log hummocks, termite mounds and perennial grass clumps were measured, and abundances of 10 common vertebrate species were estimated. As expected, the cover and size of tree groves declined and the cover of grass clumps increased as the degree of clearing increased. Native grass composition changed to introduced Buffel Grass as the level of grazing increased. Clearing affected fauna counts more than grazing did. The Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus, Yellow-throated Miner Manorina flavigula, Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus and Pale-headed Rosella Platycercus eximius had significantly lower counts on cleared sites, but the Red-backed Fairy-wren Malurus melanocephalus had higher counts. The introduced House Mouse Mus musculus also had higher counts on cleared sites, but Carnaby's Skink Cryptoblephrus carnabyi had lower counts. Counts of the Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris, Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei and the Delicate Mouse Pseudomys delicatulus did not significantly change with clearing. Counts for the Pale-headed Rosella increased as the level of grazing increased, but counts for the other fauna species did not significantly change with our grazing index. Except for Bynoe's Gecko, fauna counts significantly changed with various vegetation patch attributes, particularly those strongly affected by clearing. From these results, we know which of the 10 fauna species are likely to decline or increase with clearing and grazing, and this knowledge can be used by land managers.

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Whiteley, Sarah L., Meghan A. Castelli, Duminda S. B. Dissanayake, Clare E. Holleley, and Arthur Georges. "Temperature-Induced Sex Reversal in Reptiles: Prevalence, Discovery, and Evolutionary Implications." Sexual Development 15, no. 1-3 (2021): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515687.

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Sex reversal is the process by which an individual develops a phenotypic sex that is discordant with its chromosomal or genotypic sex. It occurs in many lineages of ectothermic vertebrates, such as fish, amphibians, and at least one agamid and one scincid reptile species. Sex reversal is usually triggered by an environmental cue that alters the genetically determined process of sexual differentiation, but it can also be caused by exposure to exogenous chemicals, hormones, or pollutants. Despite the occurrence of both temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and genetic sex determination (GSD) broadly among reptiles, only 2 species of squamates have thus far been demonstrated to possess sex reversal in nature (GSD with overriding thermal influence). The lack of species with unambiguously identified sex reversal is not necessarily a reflection of a low incidence of this trait among reptiles. Indeed, sex reversal may be relatively common in reptiles, but little is known of its prevalence, the mechanisms by which it occurs, or the consequences of sex reversal for species in the wild under a changing climate. In this review, we present a roadmap to the discovery of sex reversal in reptiles, outlining the various techniques that allow new occurrences of sex reversal to be identified, the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sex reversal and how to identify them, and approaches for assessing the impacts of sex reversal in wild populations. We discuss the evolutionary implications of sex reversal and use the central bearded dragon (<i>Pogona vitticeps</i>) and the eastern three-lined skink (<i>Bassiana duperreyi</i>) as examples of how species with opposing patterns of sex reversal may be impacted differently by our rapidly changing climate. Ultimately, this review serves to highlight the importance of understanding sex reversal both in the laboratory and in wild populations and proposes practical solutions to foster future research.

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PRATTE, M. "Common skin conditions in athletes." Clinics in Family Practice 5, no. 3 (September 2003): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1522-5720(03)00069-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Common skink'

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