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Journal articles on the topic 'Common reed'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Fukuoka, Shoji, Akihide Watanabe, Hiroshi Niida, and Kenji Sato. "The Bank-Protecting Functions of Common Reed and Ditch Reed." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 503 (1994): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1994.503_59.

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2

Repsa, E., E. Kronbergs, and M. Smits. "Compacting Mechanisms of Common Reed Particles." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.915.

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The paper present experimental investigation results of common reeds (Phragmites australis) particle compacting in closed die. Common reeds are important natural biomass resource in Latvia. Compacting of biomass is very complicated process for solid biofuel production and there are many factors influencing to this process. The quality parameters of compacted biomass are described by European countries standards for solid biofuel. Density is the most important quality parameter of biomass compacting. The paper present results of common reeds particles compacting mechanism in closed die. Maximum pressure 212 MPa had been achieved in compacting. For compacting process evaluation has been determined pressing energy and density of briquettes. The minimum of density 0.87 g cm-3 have briquettes with particle size 12 – 13 mm, but maximum density 1.03 – 1.04 g cm-3 two particle sizes < 0.5 mm and 32 – 33 mm briquettes. Maximum value of energy consumption for compacting (~172 kJ kg-1) has been obtained for reed particle size 32 – 33 mm, minimum value (~53 kJ kg-1) for particle size less than 0.5 mm.

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3

Gaberščik, Alenka, Mateja Grašič, Dragan Abram, and Igor Zelnik. "Water Level Fluctuations and Air Temperatures Affect Common Reed Habitus and Productivity in an Intermittent Wetland Ecosystem." Water 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 2806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102806.

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Lake Cerknica is an intermittent wetland ecosystem with extreme water level fluctuations. It hosts extensive reed stands that have colonized different habitat types. Two different stands were compared: a lake stand not directly influenced by the intermittent River Stržen and a riparian stand near River Stržen. Reed productivity (growth and assimilate allocation) was monitored for these reed stand types over 13 years (2007–2019), and this measurement was compared to monthly water levels and air temperatures. Reeds from the lake reed stand were significantly shorter with a lower shoot density, overall biomass production, and ratio of flowering plants. A correlation analysis revealed stronger and more numerous significant correlations between environmental and reed productivity parameters for the lake reed stand compared to the riparian reed stand. The variabilities of the growth and assimilate allocation parameters in the lake reed stand were both mostly explained by the combined water levels for June and July, which explained 47% and 52% of the variability, respectively. The most influential temperatures were in May, which explained 29% and 19% of the variability of growth and assimilate allocation parameters, respectively. For the riparian reed stand, water levels and temperatures out of the vegetation season appeared more important. Therefore, habitats with permanent water are more suitable for reeds than those with fluctuating water. However, fluctuating water conditions are expected to become more common due to climate change.

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4

Den Hartog, C., J. Květ, and H. Sukopp. "Reed. A common species in decline." Aquatic Botany 35, no. 1 (September 1989): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(89)90062-4.

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5

Zhang, Liwen, Lin Chen, Feng Lu, Ziting Liu, Siqun Lan, and Guangxuan Han. "Differentially expressed genes related to oxidoreductase activity and glutathione metabolism underlying the adaptation of Phragmites australis from the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta, China." PeerJ 8 (October 2, 2020): e10024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10024.

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The common reed (Phragmites australis) is a dominant species in the coastal wetlands of the Chinese Yellow River Delta, where it tolerates a wide range of salinity. Recent environmental changes have led to the increase of soil salinity in this region, which has degraded much of the local vegetation. Clones of common reeds from the tidal marsh may have adapted to local high salinity habitat through selection on genes and metabolic pathways conferring salt tolerance. This study aims to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in the tidal reed by comparing them to the salt-sensitive freshwater reed under salt stress. We employed comparative transcriptomics to reveal the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two types of common reeds under different salinity conditions. The results showed that only three co-expressed genes were up-regulated and one co-expressed gene was down-regulated between the two reed types. On the other hand, 1,371 DEGs were exclusively up-regulated and 285 DEGs were exclusively down-regulated in the tidal reed compared to the control, while 115 DEGs were exclusively up-regulated and 118 DEGs were exclusively down-regulated in the freshwater reed compared to the control. From the pattern of enrichment of transcripts involved in salinity response, the tidal reed was more active and efficient in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the freshwater reed, with the tidal reed showing significantly higher gene expression in oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, when the reeds were exposed to salt stress, transcripts encoding glutathione metabolism were up-regulated in the tidal reed but not in the freshwater reed. DEGs related to encoding glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and L-ascorbate peroxidase (LAP) were revealed as especially highly differentially regulated and therefore represented candidate genes that could be cloned into plants to improve salt tolerance. Overall, more genes were up-regulated in the tidal reed than in the freshwater reed from the Yellow River Delta when under salt stress. The tidal reed efficiently resisted salt stress by up-regulating genes encoding for oxidoreductase activity and glutathione metabolism. We suggest that this type of common reed could be extremely useful in the ecological restoration of degraded, high salinity coastal wetlands in priority.

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6

Derr, Jeffrey F. "Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Response to Mowing and Herbicide Application." Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 1 (January 2008): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-07-001.1.

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AbstractCommon reed is an invasive species that has overtaken wetland habitats in the eastern United States and can spread into roadsides, turf, and ornamental sites. The postemergence grass herbicides used in nursery crops and turf, clethodim, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, and sethoxydim, did not control common reed. Dithiopyr, MSMA, and quinclorac also did not control this weed. Glyphosate applied at 2.24 kg ai/ha (2.0 lb ai/ac) was more effective in preventing regrowth of common reed than glufosinate at 1.12 kg/ha (1.0 lb ai/ac). Mowing every 2, 4, or 8 wk controlled common reed 93, 81, and 69%, respectively, by the end of the growing season, but only reduced regrowth by approximately 55% the following May. Applying glyphosate at 2% v/v either 1 mo after a mowing or 2 wk prior to mowing reduced common reed regrowth the following May by approximately 90%. Applying glyphosate without mowing provided similar common reed control the following spring compared to glyphosate combined with a single mowing. Common reed regrew in all treated plots 1 yr after study initiation, indicating that control treatments must be repeated if common reed is to be eradicated from a site.

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7

Flores, J. A., J. J. Pastor, A. Martinez-Gabarron, F. J. Gimeno-Blanes, and M. J. Frutos. "Pressure Impact on Common Reed Particleboards Manufacturing Procedure." Systems Engineering Procedia 1 (2011): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sepro.2011.08.072.

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8

Derr, Jeffrey F. "Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Response to Postemergence Herbicides." Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 2 (April 2008): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-07-016.1.

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9

Risén, Emma, Erik Gregeby, Olena Tatarchenko, Eva Blidberg, Maria E. Malmström, Ulrika Welander, and Fredrik Gröndahl. "Assessment of biomethane production from maritime common reed." Journal of Cleaner Production 53 (August 2013): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.030.

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10

Brisson, Jacques, Sylvie de Blois, and Claude Lavoie. "Roadside as Invasion Pathway for Common Reed (Phragmites australis)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-050.1.

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AbstractThe rapid progression of an invasive genotype of common reed along roads and other linear infrastructures in North America provides one of the most spectacular examples of the role of transportation corridors as invasion pathways. In this paper, we discuss ecological patterns and processes in roadside habitats important for understanding the invasion dynamics of common reed from coastal areas inland. Frequent disturbances in roadsides combined with potentially high levels of nutrients from adjacent land and stress conditions (from deicing salt and other pollutants) mimic the conditions unfortunately found more and more in natural wetlands. The novel contribution of roads is the creation of linear wetlands with an unprecedented level of connectivity. Genetic evidence shows that invasion inland coincides with the intensification of the road network. Time series analysis of remote sensing data reveals impressive rates of invasion of roadsides and other linear infrastructures, suggesting prime conditions for common reed in these novel habitats. Whereas reed dispersal along roads was thought to be largely due to rhizome transport, new evidence suggests a significant contribution of sexual reproduction and seedling establishment, likely enhanced by climate warming at northern latitudes. There is little evidence that other wetland plants can slow down vegetative expansion of common reed in roadside habitats, but plant cover could prevent seedling establishment and shading by shrubs and trees limit lateral clonal expansion. The fact that common reed possibly provides water treatment and other ecosystem services in roadsides must be carefully weighed against the threat to biodiversity in natural systems. All this begs for investigating urgently if, where, and how we should intervene without compromising the great value of wetlands of conservation interest intersected by roads.

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11

Becker, Lea, Sabine Wichmann, and Volker Beckmann. "Common Reed for Thatching in Northern Germany: Estimating the Market Potential of Reed of Regional Origin." Resources 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9120146.

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Reed has a long tradition as locally available thatching material, but nowadays thatch is a globally traded commodity. Germany and other major importing countries such as the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Denmark rely on high import rates to meet the national consumption. This study aimed at providing a detailed picture of the thatching reed market in Northern Germany and at assessing the market potential for reed of regional origin. A written survey among all thatchers in Northern Germany was carried out in 2019, arriving at an effective sample of 47 out of 141 companies. The results revealed that for the responding companies the majority of the reed (59%) was used for rethatching roofs completely, 24% for newly constructed roofs, and 17% for roof repairs. Reed from Germany held a low share of 17% of the total consumption in 2018. Own reed harvesting was conducted by less than 9% of the responding companies and given up during the last decades by another 26%. The total market volume of reed for thatching in Northern Germany was estimated for 2018 with a 95% confidence interval at 3 ± 0.8 million bundles of reed with a monetary value at sales prices of €11.6 ± 2.8 million. Based on the end consumer demand, the supply gap for reed of regional or German origin was estimated at 523,000 ± 392,000 bundles of reed equaling a market value of €1.9 ± 1.4 million, indicating high uncertainties. Most of the responding thatchers (70%) did not promote reed of regional origin, mainly due to insufficient availability but also a lack in quality was reported. The cultivation of reed in paludiculture, i.e., as climate-smart land use alternative to drainage-based agriculture on peatlands, can increase the availability of thatching reed in Germany and simultaneously reduce GHG emissions.

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12

Shon, Chang-Seon, Temirlan Mukashev, Deuckhang Lee, Dichuan Zhang, and Jong Kim. "Can Common Reed Fiber Become an Effective Construction Material? Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Mortar Mixture Containing Common Reed Fiber." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030903.

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Due to the increased demands of adapting the sustainability concept in the construction industry, many researchers have developed and evaluated the composite materials made with agricultural by-products, such as straws, fruit-shells, and cobs, as construction materials. Because no research work has been reported regarding the incorporation of common reed fiber (CRF) into a concrete composite to produce the green and sustainable concrete, this research has focused on the evaluation of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of mortar mixture containing CRF regarding density, porosity, compressive and flexural strengths, and thermal conductivity. In total, six mixtures with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% CRF; 0.5% steel fiber (SF); and the combination of 6% CRF and 0.5% SF were prepared. Based on the experimental outputs, a simple analysis of heat loss was also been performed. The test results presented that the incorporation of CRF into mortar mixture proportionally reduced its unit weight and significantly increased its absorption capacity and porosity. Although the use of only CRF in the mortar mixture did not improve both compressive and flexural strengths compared to the plain mixture, the combined use of CRF and SF to increase both compressive and flexural strengths generated a synergetic effect to increase both strengths. The addition of CRF to the mixture has the benefit of producing a significant decrease in heat loss for a typical building in Astana due to the lower thermal conductivity and higher porosity to density ratio.

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13

Saltonstall, Kristin, Adam Lambert, and Laura A. Meyerson. "Genetics and Reproduction of Common (Phragmites australis) and Giant Reed (Arundo donax)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-053.1.

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AbstractGenetic diversity and reproductive characteristics may play an important role in the invasion process. Here, we review the genetic structure and reproductive characteristics of common reed and giant reed, two of the most aggressive, large-statured invasive grasses in North America. Common reed reproduces both sexually and asexually and has a complex population structure, characterized by three subspecies with overlapping distributions; of which, one is introduced, one native, and the third is of unknown origins. These three subspecies show varying levels of genetic diversity, with introduced common reed having high levels of nuclear diversity, indicating that multiple introductions have likely occurred. In contrast, giant reed has low genetic diversity and appears to reproduce solely via asexual fragments yet is highly aggressive in parts of its introduced range. Both species are well-adapted for growth in human-dominated landscapes, which is presumably facilitated by their rhizomatous growth habit.

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14

Cubars, Edgars, Liena Poisa, Gotfrids Noviks, Rasma Platace, and Skaidrite Bumane. "Analysis of heavy metal content in the dry matter of different energy crops." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 17, 2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol2.242.

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<p class="Standard">The study shows results of research on heavy metals concentration in biomass of common reed, hemp and Reed canary grass. The research of common reed was performed during winter period from 2010 until 2012 in 11 natural and artificial water bodies of Latvia. For the harvested biomass in the spring of 2009 and 2010, hemp and reed canary grass samples were investigated.</p><p class="Standard">For the collected common reed samples the heavy metal content (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe) was established in the biomass. For the hemp and reed canary grass samples, Cd and Pb content were established in the biomass. On the basis of the findings of this research, the suitability of the plant biomass for energy production was analyzed.</p><p class="Standard">The heavy metal content in the common reed biomass is suitable for the requirements of solid biofuel. Common reed from all the reed beds of the Latgale (region of Latvia) can be collected in one place and used for the production of fuel. The removal of common reed will help to reduce the heavy metal content in the natural waters and sediment of the reed beds.</p><p class="Standard">In the hemp and reed canary grass samples the heavy metals were ascertained periodically. It was found that in some of the research samples they exceeded the MAC for fuel.</p>

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15

BOULORD, ANTHONY, TIAN-HOU WANG, XIAO-MING WANG, and GUO-XIAN SONG. "Impact of reed harvesting and Smooth Cordgrass Spartina alterniflora invasion on nesting Reed Parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 1 (March 19, 2010): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000109.

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SummaryThe Reed Parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei is an endemic reedbed-inhabiting passerine of east Asia. In the Shanghai municipality, which harbours significant populations of this species, almost all reedbed surfaces are annually harvested. Furthermore, the reedbeds are being invaded by Smooth Cordgrass Spartina alterniflora, an introduced species that can outcompete the native Common Reed Phragmites australis. In this paper, we have shown that Reed Parrotbills do not nest in areas dominated by Smooth Cordgrass and avoid using them. In the areas that are primarily composed of Common Reed, the densities of birds are higher in the unharvested sections. The birds appear to select nesting sites with low Smooth Cordgrass densities, tall reed stems, and relatively equal densities of both dry and green stems. Reed harvesting activity results in vegetation that is too low for bird nesting. However, no nests were found in areas where the reeds had not been harvested for several years and had high densities of dry reed stems; these results could be attributed to the fact that the high density of broken stems reduced the vegetation cover. On the basis of our results, we recommend implementation of four years harvesting-cycle rotation and avoidance of reclamation in reedbeds which have not been invaded by Smooth Cordgrass.

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16

BERGMANN, Michael. "Epistemic Circularity and Common Sense: A Reply to Reed." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 73, no. 1 (July 2006): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2006.tb00611.x.

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17

Takahashi, Satoshi, Kouya Onodera, and Shougo Yonezuka. "218 Development of Common Reed Fiber Reinforced Biodegradable Composites." Proceedings of Autumn Conference of Tohoku Branch 2013.49 (2013): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetohoku.2013.49.65.

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18

Wirsel, Stefan G. R., Wolfgang Leibinger, Michael Ernst, and Kurt Mendgen. "Genetic diversity of fungi closely associated with common reed." New Phytologist 149, no. 3 (March 2001): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00038.x.

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19

Kostin, Vasiliy, Vladimir Kochetkov, Natalya Sokolova, and Ivan Vasenev. "Common Reed as a Renewable Energy Resource for Pellet Production." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301037.

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Renewable reed biomass has traditionally been used for various purposes. Currently, an energy-dependent society is returning to the use of natural energy sources. The paper is devoted to the study of reed reserves in the Lower Volga region, production technology, and quality assessment of pellets from it. Reed mowing with further production of fuel pellets from biomass will not only provide the local population or small enterprises with energy but also solve a number of environmental problems. The main environmental problem is the high fire hazard of reed beds. The main characteristics of the pellets that have been investigated by the authors are humidity, ash content, calorific value, and the composition of the ash residue. When granulating shredded cormophytic biomass, the main process parameter affecting the fuel pellet quality is the moisture content of the raw materials, which has been determined experimentally. To improve the consumer properties of the granules, binders were also experimentally selected. Binders should not reduce the calorific value and impair the composition of the ash residue

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20

Urbanc-Bercic, Olga, and Alenka Gaberšcik. "Reed stands in constructed wetlands: “edge effect” and photochemical efficiency of PS II in common reed." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0184.

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In this study an attempt has been made to estimate the vitality of the common reed (Phragmites australis) grown in the constructed wetland. The efficiency of solar radiation uptake of leaves was measured and terminal electron transport system (ETS) activity of roots was determined in specimens from different locations on the reed bed. The results showed that photochemical efficiency of PS II, expressed as FvFm ratio, was higher in plants growing in the middle of the well established stand, but it was lower in plants growing in the area permanently flooded with leachate, where plants were significantly lower. Potential respiration of roots on the vertical rhizome decreases with depth, while it showed slight variations when determined at the same depth, but in plants from different locations within three beds of RBTS.

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21

Demko, Jaroslav, Ján Machava, and Miroslav Saniga. "Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin." Folia Oecologica 44, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foecol-2017-0013.

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AbstractSlovakia is acountry with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis(Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g−1d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha−1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg−1of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg−1(52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane.

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22

Burgoon, Peter S., K. Frank Kirkbride, Mike Henderson, and Evan Landon. "Reed beds for biosolids drying in the arid northwestern United States." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0219.

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Reed beds for dewatering biosolids have been successful throughout Europe and in the northeastern temperate United States. This paper reports on the use of reed beds in the arid Columbia Basin in the state of Washington, USA. Native stands of the common reed, Phragmites australis were propagated and planted in the reed beds. The hot, dry, windy, climate has required simple changes in standard operation of the reed beds. The reeds were stressed by the hot dry winds and lost top shoot growth when beds remained drained in the Spring Summer and Fall months. Maintenance of water levels in the cells has reduced symptoms of heat stress in the plants. These operational changes may have an effect on oxidation of organic matter and nitrogen in the filtrate. The operational changes may have effected the dewatering and decomposition of the biosolids. The dry hot summers, and freezing winters enhance the dewatering ability of the reed beds and make them an appropriate solids dewatering technology for the region.

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23

Pang, Liwei, Shuodong Wu, and Jing Kong. "Laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE): a safer method to treat common bile duct stones than laparoscopic choledochotomy." Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas 112 (2020): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17235/reed.2020.6679/2019.

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24

Kowalik, Weronika, Kinga Pachuta, and Jerzy Jeznach. "Selected biometric and mechanical properties of the common reed Phragmites australis and the reed sweet grass Glyceria maxima rhizomes." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2016-0022.

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Abstract The results on the selected biometric and mechanical properties of common reed Phragmites australis and reed sweet grass Glyceria maxima were presented. The experiments were conducted with the help of the universal testing machine Instron 5966. The underground biomasses, diameters, tensile forces, displacements and tensile strengths for summer and winter rhizomes of both species were assessed and compared. The final results indicate that rhizomes of common reed had higher values of the studied parameters of biometric and stretching than sweet reed grass rhizomes. Therefore, there are more opportunities to use them to protect the coastline.

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25

Weinstein, Michael P., and John H. Balletto. "Does the Common Reed, Phragmites australis, Affect Essential Fish Habitat?" Estuaries 22, no. 3 (September 1999): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1353112.

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26

Aysu, Tevfik, and Nevzat Esim. "Supercritical liquefaction of common reed(Phragmites australis)with alkali catalysts." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 38, no. 10 (May 18, 2016): 1336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2014.919369.

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27

Markle, Chantel E., and Patricia Chow-Fraser. "Effects of European common reed on Blanding's turtle spatial ecology." Journal of Wildlife Management 82, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21435.

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28

Kiss, M., Gy Lakatos, and K. M. Kiss. "Seasonal changes in the element contents of the common reed." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 7 (September 2001): 3842–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11901703.

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29

Van Tran, Giang, Yuwalee Unpaprom, and Rameshprabu Ramaraj. "Methane productivity evaluation of an invasive wetland plant, common reed." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 10, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00451-z.

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30

Scherzinger, Marvin, Martin Kaltschmitt, and Mario Thoma. "Effects of Vapothermal Pretreatment on Anaerobic Degradability of Common Reed." Energy Technology 9, no. 7 (May 4, 2021): 2001046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.202001046.

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31

Milke, Justyna, Małgorzata Gałczyńska, and Jacek Wróbel. "The Importance of Biological and Ecological Properties of Phragmites Australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud., in Phytoremendiation of Aquatic Ecosystems—The Review." Water 12, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061770.

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Phragmites australis (common reed) is one of the most extensively distributed species of emergent plant worldwide. The adaptive features of this plant show its competitive character. Owing to high intraspecific diversity of common reed, as well as its phenotypic plasticity, the plant shows a broad ecological amplitude. Moreover, the plant exhibits a high capacity for acclimatization to environmental conditions which are considered adverse. This plant has been used for many years in phytoremediation to purify various types of wastewater. Phragmites australis has a high ability to accumulate various nutrients, heavy metals, and micropollutants, and in this respect, it is superior to other aquatic plants. This review examines the existing literature on the biological and ecological properties of common reed, the use of common reed in wastewater treatment for removing pollutants and tolerance for metals, and in hydrophyte treatment systems. It seems vital to conduct further research on the physiology and biochemistry of the common reed, with the aim of increasing the plant’s efficiency for pollutants removal.

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32

Albert, Arnaud, Jacques Brisson, Jean Dubé, and Claude Lavoie. "Do Woody Plants Prevent the Establishment of Common Reed along Highways? Insights from Southern Quebec." Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 4 (December 2013): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00025.1.

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AbstractThe common reed (Phragmites australis) is one of the most invasive vascular plants in northeastern North America. A competitive genotype from Eurasia has recently invaded road and agricultural ditches, which facilitate the dispersal of the plant over long distances. However, large tracts of roadsides—apparently propitious for the establishment of the plant—are not invaded by the grass. We hypothesized that the absence of the invader is associated with physical and biological characteristics of roadsides. To test this hypothesis, we collected field data and developed two statistical models to explain the presence or absence of the common reed along a highway of southern Quebec highly invaded by the plant but with contrasting patterns of common reed distribution. The models explained 23 to 30% of the total variance and correctly predicted the presence or absence of common reed 71% of the time. The models suggest that a dense woody plant cover over a drainage ditch limits the establishment and/or expansion of the common reed, probably by competition for light and space. Also, shaded ditches are not subjected to a frequent maintenance, and are therefore less disturbed, probably further reducing common reed invasion because the germination of their seeds is less likely without soil disturbance. This study yields insights on the potential of woody plants for controlling the expansion of invasive grasses, and could help to justify the preservation of dense shrubs and tree hedges along right-of-ways.

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Rapp, Ryan E., Avishek Datta, Suat Irmak, Timothy J. Arkebauer, and Stevan Z. Knezevic. "Integrated Management of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) along the Platte River in Nebraska." Weed Technology 26, no. 2 (June 2012): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00119.1.

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The nonnative biotype of common reed has invaded wetlands in many states including Nebraska, especially along the Platte River from Wyoming to the eastern edge of Nebraska. Therefore, three studies (disking followed by herbicide, mowing followed by herbicide, and herbicide followed by mechanical treatment) were conducted for 3 yr (2008 to 2010) at three locations in Nebraska. The objective was to evaluate common reed control along the Platte River using an integrated management approach based on herbicides (glyphosate or imazapyr), mowing, and disking, either applied alone or in combination. The level of weed control was determined by visual rating, percent flowering, and stem density. On the basis of visual rating, disking and mowing used alone provided common reed control for only a few months. However, the control was significantly prolonged (e.g., at least three seasons) when disking and mowing were combined with herbicide applications. Disking followed by herbicide and mowing followed by herbicide significantly reduced flowering and plant densities (P = 0.0001) compared to the untreated check. These results suggest that a combination of weed control methods has potential to control common reed.

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Karademir, Arif, Ferhat Yetis, Sami Imamoglu, and Hulya Varlıbas. "Utilization of water reed in production of various insulation panels." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 20, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0014.

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AbstractSome panels and particleboards were made from reed mats and blends of reed-wood chips to be used inside buildings for sound and heat insulations. It was seen that the outer layers of the reed body (spike) was almost water resistant and exceptionally resistant to the penetration of common adhesives. Therefore, the panels from stitched reed mats exhibited very poor mechanical strength. The sound transmissions of such panels (1–3 km/s) made with various combinations, however, were recorded to be excellent compared with that of particleboards made of wood (17 km/s). Blends of reed chips (2 cm) and wood chips, however, gave particleboards with better mechanical properties (5–17 MPa) than that of panels made from reed mats (2 MPa). An increasing amount of reed chips in tested particleboards was recorded to be improving both sound and heat insulations from 17 to 6 km/s and from 0.34 to 0.27 W/mK, respectively. The bending strength of samples, however, was reduced from 26 to 5 MPa. Thickness swelling was also noted to increase from 18% to 85% due to reed chips addition. It was concluded that the outer layers of water reeds should be modified via chemical and/or enzymatic methods to increase the interfacial bounds between adhesives.

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Wersal, Ryan M., John D. Madsen, and Joshua C. Cheshier. "Seasonal Biomass and Starch Allocation of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) (Haplotype I) in Southern Alabama, USA." Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00061.1.

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AbstractCommon reed (Phragmites australis) is a nonnative invasive perennial grass that is problematic in aquatic and riparian environments across the United States. Common reed often forms monotypic stands that displace native vegetation which provide food and cover for wildlife. To help maintain native habitats and manage populations of common reed in the United States, an understanding of its life history and starch allocation patterns are needed. Monthly biomass samples were harvested from sites throughout the Mobile River delta in southern Alabama, USA from January 2006 to December 2007 to quantify seasonal biomass and starch allocation patterns. Total biomass of common reed throughout the study was between 1375 and 3718 g m−2 depending on the season. Maximum aboveground biomass was 2200 ± 220 g m−2 in October of 2006 and 1302 ± 88 g m−2 in December of 2007. Maximum belowground biomass was seen in November of 2006 and 2007 with 1602 ± 233 and 1610 ± 517 g m−2 respectively. Biomass was related to ambient temperature, in that, as temperature decreased aboveground biomass (p = 0.05) decreased. Decreases in aboveground biomass were followed by an increase in belowground biomass (p < 0.01). Starch comprised 1 to 10% of aboveground biomass with peak temporary storage occurring in July and August 2006 and September to November of 2007. Belowground tissues stored the majority of starch for common reed regardless of the time of year. Overall, belowground tissues stored 5 to 20% of total starch for common reed with peak storage occurring in December 2006 and October 2007. Starch allocation to belowground tissues increased as temperatures decreased. Understanding seasonal life history patterns can provide information to guide management strategies by identifying the vulnerable points in biomass and starch reserves in common reed.

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Cheshier, Joshua C., John D. Madsen, Ryan M. Wersal, Patrick D. Gerard, and Mark E. Welch. "Evaluating the Potential for Differential Susceptibility of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Haplotypes I and M to Aquatic Herbicides." Invasive Plant Science and Management 5, no. 1 (March 2012): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-11-00051.1.

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AbstractCommon reed (Phragmites australis) is an invasive perennial grass in aquatic and riparian environments across the United States, forming monotypic stands that displace native vegetation that provides food and cover for wildlife. Genetic variation in global populations of common reed has given rise to two invasive haplotypes, I and M, in the United States. Our objectives were to (1) determine if any differences in herbicide efficacy exist with respect to common reed haplotypes I and M and (2) screen for other labeled aquatic herbicides that may have activity on common reed haplotypes I and M, most notably imazamox and diquat. A replicated outdoor mesocosm study was conducted in 1,136-L (300-gal) tanks using haplotypes I and M of common reed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism methodologies were used to verify the identification of I and M haplotypes used in this study. Diquat at 2.2 (1.9) and 4.5 (4.0) kg ai ha−1 (lb ai ac−1), glyphosate at 2.1 (1.8) and 4.2 (3.7) kg ae ha−1 (lb ae ac−1), imazamox at 0.6 (0.5) and 1.1 (0.9) kg ai ha−1 (lb ai ac−1), imazapyr at 0.8 (0.7) and 1.7 (1.5) kg ai ha−1 (lb ai ac−1), and triclopyr at 3.4 (3.0) and 6.7 (5.9) kg ae ha−1 (lb ae ac−1) were applied to the foliage of common reed. After 12 wk, no difference (P = 0.28) in herbicide tolerance was seen between the two haplotypes with respect to biomass. The 4.2-kg ae ha−1 rate of glyphosate and the 0.8- and 1.7 kg ai ha−1 rates of imazapyr reduced common reed by > 90% at 12 wk after treatment (WAT). Imazamox at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ai ha−1, and triclopyr at 3.4 and 6.7 kg ae ha−1 reduced common reed biomass (62–86%) at 12 WAT, though regrowth occurred. Diquat did not significantly reduce biomass by 12 wk. Glyphosate and imazapyr were the only herbicides that resulted in > 90% biomass reduction and corroborate control from previous studies.

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Quinn, Lauren D., Michael A. Rauterkus, and Jodie S. Holt. "Effects of Nitrogen Enrichment and Competition on Growth and Spread of Giant Reed (Arundo donax)." Weed Science 55, no. 4 (August 2007): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-139.

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Giant reed is an extremely aggressive riparian invader in California. Little is known about its response to nitrogen, which is often elevated in watersheds downstream from agricultural fields and wastewater treatment facilities. Two pot-experiments were conducted to quantify physiological responses of giant reed, and a co-occurring riparian species, common threesquare, to added nitrogen and to investigate a possible enhancement effect of nitrogen on the ability of giant reed to spread laterally belowground into a competitive environment. The first experiment measured shoot height, tissue biomass, and leaf area of giant reed and common threesquare, both herbaceous perennials, grown in pots with and without added nitrogen. The second experiment measured lateral rhizome growth, tissue biomass, and tiller production of giant reed in planters subjected to four possible treatments: with or without competition and with or without added nitrogen. Competition planters had previously been colonized by common threesquare and no-competition planters were unoccupied. Nitrogen-treated plants from the first experiment had greater overall shoot height. With added nitrogen, giant reed produced more root and shoot biomass, whereas common threesquare produced more rhizome and shoot biomass. In the second experiment, added nitrogen resulted in significantly greater rhizome length and greater production of tillers by giant reed regardless of competition. In competition plantings without added nitrogen, giant reed tiller production was reduced, whereas the addition of nitrogen nearly restored tiller production to levels attained without competition. Neither nitrogen nor competition significantly affected giant reed biomass production. Results of these experiments indicate the positive response of giant reed and a native riparian species to nitrogen enrichment and suggest that nitrogen can compensate for the effects of competition on giant reed in some cases. As a result, this species might be able to penetrate some environments without negative impacts from competing vegetation.

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Grabowska, Katarzyna, Dariusz Borowiak, and Kamil Nowiński. "The impact of helophyte transpiration on vertical water exchange in water bodies." Limnological Review 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0014.

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Abstract The article presents the results of experimental research on evapotranspiration and transpiration of a common reed bed. The study was conducted in 2014–2015 on Lake Raduńskie Górne (Kashubian Lakeland) in the summer half-year from 1 May to 31 October. In the experiment two sets of standard evaporimeters GGI-3000 were used. One of the evaporimeters was filled with water, while the second additionally contained common reed. During the experiment medium reed bed density was 240 shoots per square metre. The results of the study showed that during the research period the average daily common reed transpiration was 3.9 mm, and the daily maxima reached 12.1–12.5 mm. Average monthly transpiration totals ranged from 42.8 (October) to 208.5 mm (August). During the growing season, the loss of water to transpiration reached 872–971 mm. The average transpiration rate, determined in the conditions of already well developed reed bed (June-September), was 1.83 dm3 m−2 d−1. The values of the ratios Th/EO and ETh/EO, determined during the experiment, were within the ranges reported in most previous research. The average ratio Th/EO was 1.6, and the ratio ETh/EO was 2.0. These values indicate that during the vegetation period common reed transpiration is higher by 60% from open water evaporation, and the total water losses from the common reed bed to evapotranspiration are twice as high as water loss in open water evaporation.

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Durant, Daphné, Anne Farruggia, and Alexandre Tricheur. "Utilization of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) as Bedding for Housed Suckler Cows: Practical and Economic Aspects for Farmers." Resources 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9120140.

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The common reed (Phragmites australis) has long been used in wetlands of the French Atlantic coast as fodder and bedding or roof thatching, among other uses. This article explores the practical and economic aspects of utilizing common reed for housing suckler cows compared to straw. Based on a study conducted over two years on a research farm of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), located in the marshes of Rochefort-sur-Mer, we show that reed is a good alternative to cereal straw and its cost is quite competitive compared to straw; the closer the reed bed is to the farm, the more competitive it is. By mobilizing the concept of restoration of natural capital, we lay the foundations for a debate on a possible revival of this ancient practice, with the idea that ecological restoration of reed beds can benefit biodiversity and the economy of wetlands farms.

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Asano, Keigo, Takahiro Ishikawa, Ayako Araie, and Motohiko Ishida. "Improving quality of common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) silage with additives." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 31, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0807.

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Lakner, G., and J. Lakner. "Mathematical modelling for stages in germination of common reed (Phragmites australis)." Acta Botanica Hungarica 52, no. 3-4 (September 2010): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/abot.52.2010.3-4.12.

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Dieckman, Eric A. "Robotics, free-reed instruments, and naughty birds: Finding the common thread." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877232.

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Holzer, Katie A., and Sharon P. Lawler. "Introduced reed canary grass attracts and supports a common native amphibian." Journal of Wildlife Management 79, no. 7 (July 18, 2015): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.930.

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Mykleby, Phillip M., Tala Awada, John D. Lenters, Saadia Bihmidine, Adam J. Yarina, and Stephen L. Young. "Responses of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) to Nitrogen and Temperature Manipulations." Great Plains Research 25, no. 1 (2015): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gpr.2015.0002.

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Wichmann, Sabine, and Jan Felix Köbbing. "Common reed for thatching—A first review of the European market." Industrial Crops and Products 77 (December 2015): 1063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.027.

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Mazerolle, Marc J., Amélie Perez, and Jacques Brisson. "Common reed (Phragmites australis) invasion and amphibian distribution in freshwater wetlands." Wetlands Ecology and Management 22, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-013-9332-4.

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Votrubová, Olga, and Alena Pecháčková. "Effect of nitrogen over-supply on root structure of common reed." Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 31, no. 1 (March 1996): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02804001.

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Tippery, Nicholas P., Jared D. Pesch, Brandon J. Murphy, and Rachel L. Bautzmann. "Genetic diversity of native and introduced Phragmites (common reed) in Wisconsin." Genetica 148, no. 3-4 (August 2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-020-00098-z.

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Zhiwei, GE, FANG Shuiyuan, LI Chuan, LI Qi, BU Qingqing, and XUE Jianhui. "Analysis of the plant N and P sequestration from common reed and common reed+ cattail communities in wetland soil in Qinhu Lake of northern Jiangsu, China." Journal of Lake Sciences 29, no. 3 (2017): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18307/2017.0307.

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Kessler, Andrew C., James W. Merchant, Craig R. Allen, and Steven D. Shultz. "Impacts of Invasive Plants on Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) Roosting Habitat." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 4 (December 2011): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-11-00036.1.

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AbstractInvasive plants continue to spread in riparian ecosystems, causing both ecological and economic damage. This research investigated the impacts of common reed, purple loosestrife, riparian shrubland, and riparian woodlands on the quality and quantity of sandhill crane roosting habitat in the central Platte River, Nebraska, using a discrete choice model. A more detailed investigation of the impacts of common reed on sandhill crane roosting habitat was performed by forecasting a spread or contraction of this invasive plant. The discrete choice model indicates that riparian woodlands had the largest negative impact on sandhill crane roosting habitat. The forecasting results predict that a contraction of common reed could increase sandhill crane habitat availability by 50%, whereas an expansion could reduce the availability by as much as 250%. This suggests that if the distribution of common reed continues to expand in the central Platte River the availability of sandhill crane roosting habitat would likely be greatly reduced.

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