Dissertations / Theses: 'Common reed'

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Denis, Jean-François. "Invasion dynamics of exotic and native common reed in fresh water wetlands." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103760.

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Genetic analyses at the regional scale suggest that native haplotypes of common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) have been displaced by an introduced Eurasian haplotype (M). However, the outcomes of competitive interactions at the population level between these closely related plants are unknown, especially in freshwater wetlands. The research objective was to assess and compare the spatial and temporal dynamics of the exotic (M) and native (F) haplotypes in freshwater wetlands. Specifically, the expansion patterns of each haplotype (1) into adjacent plant communities, and (2) at the intersection between exotic and native populations, were monitored for three years in permanent plots in the Lake St-Francois National Wildlife Area, Quebec, Canada. Results showed that both haplotypes were progressing, but the densification rate of the exotic haplotype was higher, suggesting greater impact on invaded plant communities. Contrary to expectations, there was no clear evidence after three years that the exotic haplotype was displacing the native haplotype where they intersected. Keywords: biological invasion, plant competition, community dynamics, conservation area, wildlife reserve, wetland, Phragmites australis.
Des analyses génétiques à l'échelle du paysage indiquent que les haplotypes indigènes du roseau commun (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) sont menacés par un haplotype européen introduit. Cependant, les interactions compétitives entre les haplotypes introduit et indigène sont peu documentées à l'échelle des populations, en particulier dans les milieux humides d'eau douce. L'objectif du projet était d'évaluer la dynamique spatiale et temporelle des haplotypes exotique (M) et indigène (F) en milieu humide d'eau douce. Spécifiquement, l'expansion des haplotypes (1) dans les communautés végétales adjacentes, ainsi qu'à (2) la zone de contact entre des populations indigènes et exotiques, a été évaluée dans des placettes de surveillance dans la Réserve de Faune du Lac St-François, Québec, Canada. Les résultats indiquent que les deux haplotypes progressent dans les communautés adjacentes, l'exotique se densifiant cependant plus rapidement que l'indigène ce qui suggère un impact plus grand sur les communautés végétales envahies. Cependant, il n'y a pas d'évidence claire après trois ans que le roseau indigène soit déplacé par le roseau exotique aux zones de contact. Mots-clés: invasion biologique, compétition végétale, dynamique des communautés, aires protégées, réserve de faune, milieu humide, Phragmites australis.

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Güsewell, Sabine. "Evaluation and management of fen meadows invaded by common reed (Phragmites australis) /." Zürich, 1997. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12428.

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Boar, R. R. "Aspects of the ecology of the common reed, Phragmites australis in the Norfolk Broadland." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380975.

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Lin, Shaojie. "Wetland biomass - Chemical benefits and problems with biogas usage." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18113.

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Constructed wetlands are largely used for water treatment both in agricultural land and for treating water from municipal and industrial waste. These wetlands need to be managed in order to work properly. How to deal with the large amount of vegetation harvested in the wetlands has withdrawn a great concern. The application of using wetland biomass as the co-substrates in anaerobic digestion was studied in this project. Plant materials, mostly Phragmites australis (common reed) from three different wetlands were used as raw material to produce biogas. The methane production using reed material harvested from municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater and an agricultural wetland are 66, 106, 144 ml/g VS respectively, which were lower than the suggested number 180ml/g VS. The gas potential remains a lot to be improved such as harvesting at summer to reduce the lignin content and changing the co-digestion mixing level to adjust to the optimal C/N ratio. Chemical analyses were performed concerning the gas yield and the residue quality. The digested residues showed a low concentration of cadmium, providing a non-toxic possibility to be spread on farm land as fertilizers, and closing the nutrient circle from land into water and back to land again. Pretreatments in the biogas process are usually focusing on the reduction of the lignocellulosic content in the raw material. Assessment of costs and benefits is needed for using wetland reed in the biogas production and applying any pretreatment methods.

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Back, Christina L. "Effects of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Invasion and Glyphosate and Imazapyr Herbicide Application on Gastropod and Epiphyton Communities in Sheldon Marsh Nature Reserve." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275331237.

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Köbbing, Jan Felix [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of the utilization of common reed (Phragmites australis) for local livelihood, biomass production and wetland restoration in Inner Mongolia, China. / Jan Felix Köbbing." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081098236/34.

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Powell, Paula Angele. "The effects of hydrology and nutrient inputs at South Milton Ley on the ecology of the common reed Phragmites australis (Cav. Trin. ex Steudal)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2061.

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South Milton Ley is a small coastal wetland in Southern England. A sand-bar forms periodically at its seaward end and separates fresh water from the sea. The common reed Phragmites australis dominates the wetland and when a sand bar is present a shallow freshwater lake forms. Monthly water budgets were prepared for the years 1994, 1995 and 1996 and intermittent flooding of the Ley was also monitored. This information was used to calculate a range of residence times (between one hour and eleven days) and the characteristics of various flow regimes when the sandbar, which dams the Ley, is open or closed. Reed growth and the lake's ecology are potentially influenced by effluent from a sewage treatment works (STW) that discharges into the wetland. Water chemistry and hydrology of the wetland have been studied alongside experiments to investigate any effects of nutrient enrichment from the STW on reed growth. Inflowing and outflowing waters were analysed in order to determine concentrations of total oxidised nitrogen (TON), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and potassium (K). Over the study period the annual load of SRP to the Ley increased from 3.65 gmˉ² aˉ¹ in 1992 to 8.1 gmˉ² aˉ¹ in 1996. TON load rose from 69.35 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1992 to 104.8 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1996. K fell from 97.3 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1994 to 96.4 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1996. The STW uses a Reedbed Treatment System (RBTS) to 'polish' its final effluent. The efficiency o f the RBTS was studied and during 1996 the efficiency rate for T ON was 20.9% and for SRP was 9.3%. Measurements of height, diameter, numbers of internodes, density and biomass of reeds collected from South Milton Ley were undertaken during August 1994 and 1995. Results of analyses for 1994 indicate that reeds were thinner and possessed fewer seedheads than those of 1995 but that density was greater. Reed fieldwork during 1994 found that height, diameter, numbers of internodes, biomass and number of seedheads were greater below the STW than above. During 1995 only seedhead production was greater below the outlet. The wettest area of the Ley contained reeds with greatest height and diameter. The driest area produced a higher density of reed growth. Laboratory experiments suggested that low N:K ratios and high P:K produced taller plants. Data from reed fieldwork together with results from hydrology and water chemistry studies were used in a statistical analysis in order to determine which, if any of these factors caused changes in reed growth. A conclusive link between water chemistry, hydrology and plant variables was not found. Correlation analysis for 1994 indicated that high concentrations of SRP and TON could produce thin reeds with low biomass. Analysis for 1995 suggested that elevated K values could produce a high density of short reeds. Water depth was found to have a significant effect (P < 0.001) on diameter. The key factors for reed decline (high water levels from spring to winter which can inhibit reed regeneration and increase residence times, increasing nutrient loads and changes in the ratio of N:P:K which could alter reed growth) are all present. At its present loading the Ley is nutrient rich and does not appear to be buffering wetland waters. After data analysis and fieldwork was completed a bloom of Oscillatoria sp.occurred at the seaward end of the Ley during August 1999. This, the first know occurrence of a bloom may be an indication that changes in the ecosystem of South Milton Ley are occurring. For the future, a programme of nutrient reduction, hydrological management and growing knowledge of wetland processes may prevent adverse changes.

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ABRANTES, Lorena Lemes Martins. "Tratamento de esgoto sanitário em sistemas alagados construídos utilizando Typha angustifolia e Phragmites australis." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/624.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lorena L M Abrantes.pdf: 4341681 bytes, checksum: 30126c561a517a7154d7108de137e004 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28
This study aimed to assess the efficiency of two vegetal species in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in constructed wetlands system. Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the species Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed), in their possible combinations, in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in a constructed wetlands system, of vertical subsuperficial flux, with two flux directions (ascendant and descendant), related to the attributes: organic material, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, solids and thermotolerant coliforms. The experiment was conducted in the Researching Station in Sewer Treatment with Plants RSSTP (UFG), located in the Sewer Treatment Station (STS) Samambaia, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental unit has twenty four modules, grouped sequences of two modules (initial and final modules). Raw sewage which comes from the initial part of the ETE facultative pond was pumped into the deep of the treatment initial modules, filled up with substrate layers (in the deep filled up with rocks category number 3, followed by rocks category number 1, washed sand, and again rocks category number 1) and planted with cattail or reed. After going up by the vegetated substrate (ascendant vertical flux) the sewer was drained and conducted to the final treatment modules equally filled up and vegetated with one of the species, although being applied in the surface and drained by the deep (vertical descendant flux). The tax of sewer application was of 80 L.m-2dia-1, corresponding to a treatment area of 2 m2 per inhabitant. A year after the system implementation, during the period of 6 months, sewer samples were collected after passing through the flux sequences, each one with the combination of the two vegetal species, for the evaluation of the sewer attributes and calculation of the efficiency in the treatment. The results were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS program), being used the tests F and the Tukey Kramer, considering 5% of probability. There were no meaningful differences in the efficiency of the treatments in the removal of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorides, hardness, dissolved total solids and volatile total solids. The cattail was more efficient in the apparent color removal and turbidity. The reed presented more efficiency in the total solids removal. The position of the plant in the module sequence did not influence the apparent color and turbidity removals. The reed in the final module increased the removal of the attributes total solids and fixed total solids. It´s possible to verify that the technology of sewer treatment by using plants is efficient, since the species cattail and reed in the adopted system, provided results with removals higher 60% for the of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms and turbidity.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de duas espécies vegetais no tratamento do esgoto sanitário, em um sistema de alagados construídos. Especificamente, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência das espécies Typha angustifolia (Taboa) e Phragmites australis (Caniço), em suas combinações possíveis, no tratamento de esgoto sanitário, em um sistema de alagados construídos, de fluxo subsuperficial vertical, com dois sentidos de fluxo (ascendente e descendente), concernente aos atributos: matéria orgânica, cor aparente, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfato, turbidez, cloretos, dureza, condutividade elétrica, sólidos e coliformes termotolerantes. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação de Pesquisas em Tratamento de Esgotos com Plantas Eptep (UFG), localizada na Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE) Samambaia, em Goiânia, GO. A unidade experimental possui vinte quatro módulos, agrupados em sequências de dois módulos (módulos iniciais e finais). Esgoto sanitário bruto proveniente da parte inicial da lagoa facultativa da ETE foi bombeado no fundo de módulos iniciais de tratamento preenchidos com camadas sobrepostas de substrato (no fundo com brita número 3, na sequência brita número 1, areia lavada e novamente brita número 1) e plantados com taboa ou caniço. Após subir pelo substrato vegetado (fluxo vertical ascendente) o esgoto era drenado e conduzido aos módulos finais de tratamento, igualmente preenchidos e vegetados com uma das espécies, todavia sendo aplicado na superfície e drenado pelo fundo (fluxo vertical descendente). A taxa de aplicação de esgoto foi de 80 L.m-2dia-1, correspondendo a uma área de estação de tratamento de 2 m2 por habitante. Um ano após a implantação do sistema, por um período de seis meses, amostras do esgoto foram coletadas após passar pelas sequências de fluxo, cada uma com uma combinação das duas espécies vegetais, para avaliação dos teores de atributos do esgoto e cálculo da eficiência do tratamento. Os resultados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Analysis System (SAS), realizando-se os testes F e de Tukey Kramer, a 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferença significativa entre as eficiências dos tratamentos na remoção dos atributos: demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfatos, coliformes termotolerantes, cloretos, dureza, sólidos totais dissolvidos e sólidos totais voláteis. A taboa foi mais eficiente na remoção da cor aparente e da turbidez. Já o caniço apresentou uma eficiência maior na remoção de sólidos totais. A posição da planta na sequência de módulos não influenciou na remoção da cor aparente e da turbidez. O caniço no módulo final influenciou positivamente na remoção dos atributos sólidos totais e sólidos totais fixos. Verifica-se que a tecnologia de tratamento de esgoto por plantas é eficiente, uma vez que as espécies taboa e caniço no sistema de fluxo subsuperficial vertical ora adotado proporcionaram resultados com remoções superiores a 60% para os atributos demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, cor aparente, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfatos, coliformes termotolerantes e turbidez.

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Karlsson, Axel, and Pinthira Fagerström. "Blue Growth : Applications and properties of biochar made out of reed." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297368.

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The climate on earth keeps getting warmer where heat waves, eutrophication, rising sea levels, extreme weather like flooding, droughts and wildfires are an expanding problem. The focus of this bachelor thesis is to determine the potential of mitigating eutrophication and while contributing to blue growth by harvesting and make use of reeds like Phragmites australis and Arundo donax. Reeds have the ability to quickly absorb nutrients from aquatic environments and there are opportunities to use them as a feedstock for producing biochar to be potentially used in areas such as soil improvement, fodder additive and carbon sequestration. Additionally, optimal biochar properties for the observed applications gets analysed. The thesis is based on a systematic literature review and an interview with Niclas Anvret at the non-profit organisation “Race for the Baltic”. Results show that biochar produced according to parameters such as heating rate, biomass species and especially, different temperatures, results in varied characteristics that change the biochar's adsorption abilities, nutrient retention, alkalinity, stability, surface area and porosity volume. The different applications of biochar are, however, not easily determined. This is because of the fact that certain biochar properties, that are prominent in entirely different pyrolysis conditions, could both be beneficial for the same application. Additionally, the different attributes sometimes influence each other which gives rise to unclear patterns affecting use potential. To overcome these issues, more research is needed to clarify the correlations between attributes of the biochar and to determine which characteristics of biochar are best suited for each application. In terms of how large-scale harvesting of reed could affect the ecosystem is also unclear, there is not enough research regarding the question to be able to draw clear conclusions. The reasoning behind this is that there are knowledge gaps, geographical differences, different unit measuring and methodology. The potential for biochar in the coal market is high and the demand in Sweden has risen over the past couple of years. There is also interest in using biochar as a soil amendment, to make use of nutrient content as well as applying organic matter to soils to potentially achieve long-term carbon sequestration. However, the production cost of biochar out of reed is relatively expensive, and it cannot compete with coal or other fertilisers/soil amendments on the market, with feedstock management usually being the most expensive part of production. Lastly, there is currently no harvesting method that can measure the amount of reed that needs to be harvested to be able to produce biochar on a large scale.
Klimatet på jorden blir allt varmare och värmeböljor, övergödning, stigande havsnivåer, extrema väder som översvämningar, torka och bränder är ett stigande problem. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka potentialen att mildra eutrofiering och samtidigt bidra till blå tillväxt genom att skörda - och använda sig av vass som Phragmites australis och Arundo donax. Vass har en framträdande förmåga att absorbera näringsämnen. Det finns därför möjligheter att använda dem som råvara för att producera biokol som potentiellt kan användas i områden såsom jordförbättring, fodertillsatser och kolbindning. Utöver detta undersöks optimala egenskaper för biokol enligt de observerade applikationerna. Kandidatuppsatsen bygger på en systematisk litteraturstudie och en intervju med Niclas Anvret på den ideella organisationen ”Race for the Baltic”. Resultaten indikerar att biokol, producerad i pyrolys enligt parametrar som uppvärmningshastighet, biomassa och i synnerhet olika temperaturer, resulterar i varierande egenskaper som förändrar biokolets absorptionsförmåga, bibehållande av näring, alkalinitet, stabilitet, ytarea och porositetsvolym. De olika tillämpningarna av biokol är emellertid svåra att avgöra på grund av vissa biokolegenskaper. Dessa egenskaper är framträdande under helt olika pyrolysförhållanden men kan samtidigt vara fördelaktiga för samma typ av applikation. Dessutom påverkar de olika attributen ibland varandra vilket ger upphov till komplexa trender som påverkar användningspotentialen. För att kunna dra tydliga slutsatser behövs mer forskning för att klargöra sambandet mellan biokolens attribut och för att bestämma vilken samling egenskaper hos biokol som passar bäst för varje applikation. Hur storskalig skörd av vass kan påverka ekosystemet är fortfarande oklart. Det finns inte tillräckligt med forskning kring frågan för att kunna dra tydliga slutsatser. Detta beror på att det finns kunskapsluckor, geografiska skillnader, olika måttenheter och metoder för de studier som gjorts inom detta område. Potentialen för biokol på kolmarknaden är hög och efterfrågan i Sverige har ökat de senaste åren. Det finns också intresse för att använda biokol för jordförbättring, dels för att använda näringsinnehållet men också för att applicera biokol i jorden för att potentiellt uppnå långvarig kolbindning. Dock är produktionskostnaden för biokol gjort på vass mycket kostsam och kan därför inte konkurrera med fossilt kol eller andra gödselmedel jordförändringar på marknaden. Detta beror främst på råvaruhanteringen som är den dyraste delen av produktionen. Slutligen finns det för närvarande ingen skördemetod som kan mäta den mängd vass som behöver skördas för att kunna producera biokol i stor skala.

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Conway, Carol Leza, and n/a. "Oxic and anoxic transformations of leaf derived organic matter in freshwater systems." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060519.105559.

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In Australia, significant effort goes into reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering inland waters from point sources. However, little is known of the extent to which riparian organic matter may act as a source of these nutrients. Also, whilst the relationships between the nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles are broadly known, there is little quantitative data regarding the release of these elements from Australian riparian organic matter and their subsequent microbial mineralisation within aquatic environments. In particular, comparatively little is known of their comparative role in nutrient and organic matter cycling within anoxic zones, and the influence that different riparian organic matter may have on stream water quality. This lack of such data presently hampers the ability of water managers to make educated decisions regarding the management of riparian zones in Australia. In order to improve understanding in this area, a combination of laboratory and in situ experiments were carried out in order to compare the abiotic release and aerobic/ anaerobic mineralisation of leaf derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) under different environmental conditions. Four plants common to Australian riparian zones were investigated: two native species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (gum) and Phragmites australis (common reed), and two exotic species, Salix babylonica (willow) and Lolium multiflorum (rye grass). After 30 days, formaldehyde inhibited 1g willow and rye grass extracts contained the most SRP (0.7 mg/L), whilst gum extracts contained 0.3 mg/L and common reed 0.1 mg/L of SRP.Willow and rye grass abiotically released twice as much NOx than gum and common reed, although concentrations were only between 0.05-0.1 mg/L. Gum and common reed released the most DOC per gram of leaf matter (14 and 12 mmol/g of leaf matter respectively), but based on the initial carbon content of each leaf type, the largest percentage contributor of DOC under abiotic conditions was common reed and rye grass (both 38% mass/mass), with gum (33% mass/mass) and willow (30% mass/mass) being smaller contributors. The most bioavailable DOC was released by rye grass and common reed, with between 83 and 94% of this DOC microbially mineralised after 30 days in oxic conditions. When conditions were not inhibited, microbial growth was evident almost immediately in willow, rye grass and common reed leaf extracts. However, microbial growth was suppressed for the first 48 hours in gum leaf extracts. After this suppression period, the rate of DOC mineralisation was equal in willow and gum leaf extracts (0.1 day-1). Under anoxic conditions, the rate and extent of DOC mineralisation of willow and gum leaves depended on the type of electron acceptor provided. Added nitrate and iron III enhanced the mineralisation of both willow and gum leaves relative to no terminal electron acceptors (from zero to 0.01-0.04 and 0.002- 0.004 moles/day respectively), but added sulphate only enhanced the mineralisation of gum leaves (0.04 moles/day). When no additional electron acceptors were provided, particulate leaf mineralisation was more extensive under oxic than anoxic conditions. However, the mineralisation of leaf derived DOC were the same regardless of oxygen availability, and after 35 days in either condition the percentage of leaf DOC mineralised for each leaf type was of the order common reed > rye grass > willow > gum. All the leaf types tested were able to sustain the caddis fly larvae Triplectides australis under controlled laboratory conditions, and survival rates were high using all four leaf types as a food source. Triplectides australis did not significantly increase the amount of DOC released from each type of leaf matter, but they did consistently increase the proportion of simple carbohydrates present within the DOC fraction. The results of these experiments suggest that changes to riparian vegetation, particularly from the native to exotic species used in this study, will inherently alter in-stream concentrations of dissolved carbon and nutrients (particularly SRP). This potentially will affect in-stream, hyporheic and subsurface processes, particularly in areas where surface water flow is low and riparian leaf inputs are high.

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Gide, Benoît. "L’existence des corps chez Strawson, Hume et Reid : généalogie d’un traitement naturaliste du scepticisme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H200.

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En partant d’une distinction entre motifs, suggestion et injonction sceptiques d’une preuve ou démonstration de l’existence des corps, ce travail s’attache d’abord à l’analyse du traitement naturaliste du scepticisme tel qu’il est défini et soutenu par Peter Strawson, en posant la question de savoir à quelle catégorie de réponse il convient de l’assimiler pour en dégager toute la portée anti-sceptique. Après l’avoir identifié à un diagnostic théorique concessif (1ère partie), nous interrogeons la revendication, par Strawson, de la filiation de cette position avec celles de Hume et de Reid – qu’il crédite d’un même traitement du scepticisme à l’égard des corps. En insistant sur l’effort fait par Hume pour définir un scepticisme mitigé comme amendement des doutes sceptiques excessifs par le sens commun et la réflexion (2ème partie), nous sommes finalement conduits à considérer la plus grande proximité de la critique reidienne du scepticisme et de sa défense du réalisme de sens commun, dans leur propre contexte, avec le naturalisme épistémique de Strawson (3ème partie)
Starting with a distinction between the motives for, the suggestion of external world skepticism, and the demand for a proof or demonstration of the existence of bodies, we first try to analyse the naturalist response to skepticism, as defined and endorsed by Peter Strawson, asking to what category it must belong in order to be maximally efficient. Identifying it to a concessive theoretical diagnosis (part 1), we then question Strawson’s claim that his naturalist treatement of external world skepticism can also be found in Hume as well as in Reid. Underlying Hume’s endeavours to define a mitigated skepticism as the correction of the undistinguished doubts of excessive skepticim by common sense and reflection (part 2), we are led to see how closer is Reid’s criticism of skepticism and defence of common sense realism, in their own context, to Strawson’s epistemic naturalism (part 3)

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Woolley, Jonathan Paget. "Rede of reeds : land and labour in rural Norfolk." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273374.

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The central aim of this thesis is to provide a detailed ethnographic account of the human ecology of the Broads - a protected wetland region in the East of England - focussing upon how working lives shape and are shaped by this reedy landscape. In conversations about the management of the Broads, the concept of "common sense" is a frequent trope; encompassing a wide range of associated meanings. But what are these meanings of "common sense" in English culture, and how do they influence the peoples of England, and landscapes in which they work? This thesis addresses these questions ethnographically; using academic and lay deployments of common sense as a route into the political economy of rural Norfolk. Based on 12 months of fieldwork in the Broads National Park, this thesis draws together interviews and participant observation with land managers of various kinds - including conservationists, farmers, gamekeepers, volunteers, gardeners, and administrators. Chapter 1 dissects the differences between academic and popular understandings of "common sense" as a phrase, and produces an ethnographically-derived, working definition. Chapter 2 examines the attitudes of farmers, establishing "the common" as a root metaphor for social and practical rectitude, actualised through labouring in a shared landscape. Chapter 3 explores how the common is sensed, reflecting upon the diverse sensoria afforded by different degrees of enclosure on a single nature reserve. Chapter 4 explores how the concept of common sense intersects with a prevailing culture of possessive individualism, creating a fragmented society in the Park, wracked by controversies over management. Chapter 5 examines bureaucracy in Broadland - frequently cast as the very antithesis of common sense. In the conclusion, we return to the title, and ask - what do the reeds have to say about land, labour, and human nature?

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Hage, Rosine. "Wahrnehmen und Wissen die Rolle der Natur im Denken von Thomas Reid." Hannover-Laatzen Wehrhahn, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2895575&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Vollmer, Alicia A. "Rare Parthenogenic Reproduction in a Common Reef Coral, Porites astreoides." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/464.

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Multiple stressors have caused a decline in coral populations. Broadcast spawning corals once dominated the Florida Reef Tract (FRT), but since their decline, smaller brooding corals, soft corals, and macroalgae are replacing them. Brooding corals are more resilient to current threats in part because they are reproductive throughout much of the year and their larvae are competent to settle after release. Despite the ubiquity of brooders on Florida reefs, much of their reproductive strategy remains unknown. This study aimed to examine paternity as a function of colony size and density in Porites astreoides, a common brooding coral in the FRT. Porites astreoides colonies were configured in arrays at three densities that were replicated three times. A focal colony was surrounded by six other colonies, separated from the focal colony at different distances (1m, 7m, and 15m) representing high, moderate, and low population densities, respectively. All arrays were placed in the field but were separated from the reef and naturally occurring P. astreoides colonies by at least 50 m. Four days before the new moon, colonies were transported to the laboratory for larval collection. Over a four day period, a total of 3,184 larvae were collected from 24 colonies, 13 of which released larvae over consecutive days. The resulting larvae were genotyped using seven microsatellite markers. All larvae had the exact genotypes of the colony from which the larvae were collected, i.e. maternal- egg donor. This suggested the larvae were parthenogenically produced and no sperm was used to fertilize the eggs. This is the first study to suggest that parthenogenesis is occurring in P. astreoides. In today's oceans that have been depleted of corals, parthenogenesis may be an advantageous reproductive strategy used to boost populations. However, parthenogenesis reduces the genetic diversity which could hinder successful sexual reproduction in the future causing fragmented populations.

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15

Annis, R. J. "Is Thomas Reid's common sense philosopy compatible with religious belief." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370635.

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16

Hall, Philip David. "The structure of common-envelope remnants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690023.

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17

Sandvick, Joshua Sandvick. "Machine Translation Through the Creation of a Common Embedding Space." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531420294211248.

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18

França, Freitas Vinícius. "Thomas Reid sur les premiers principes de la connaissance spéculative, morale et politique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H221.

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Cette dissertation rend compte de la théorie des premiers principes de la connaissance de Thomas Reid (1710-1796), plus particulièrement, de la théorie des premiers principes de la philosophie de l'esprit, de la morale et de la politique. Dans le premier chapitre, je discute des engagements fondationnalistes de Reid dans la philosophie de l'esprit, de la morale et de la politique. Je soutiens qu'il est clairement un fondationnaliste en ce qui concerne la connaissance spéculative et morale, mais qu’il n'est pas clair qu’il conserve les engagements fondationnalistes en matière de savoir politique - les premiers principes de la politique ne sont pas des croyances évidentes en soi : ils ne sont pas justifiés depuis le début de la recherche. Par conséquent, ils n'ont pas ce qu'il faut pour être une croyance fondamentale dans une vision fondationnaliste de la structure de la connaissance. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je discute la compréhension de Reid des sources de la connaissance, à savoir, le sens commun et la connaissance de l'humanité. Je soutiens que si la philosophie de l'esprit et de la morale repose sur les premiers principes du sens commun (croyances immédiates et irrésistibles dues à la constitution originelle de l'esprit), la politique repose sur les premiers principes de la connaissance de l'humanité (croyances dues à un mélange de la sagacité et de l'expérience du philosophe politique qui vit parmi les êtres humains dans une société politique). Dans le troisième chapitre, j'essaie d'expliquer la compréhension de Reid des premiers principes de la philosophie de l'esprit, de la morale et de la politique. Je m’efforce de répondre à ces questions : Qu'est-ce qu'un principe premier de la connaissance ? Comment expliquer la distinction entre les principes des vérités contingentes et les principes des vérités nécessaires ? Quelles sont les moyens que nous avons pour identifier les premiers principes de la connaissance ? Le quatrième et dernier chapitre est entièrement consacré à la discussion du sens commun. Plus particulièrement, je discute la manière dont Reid défend les premiers principes du sens commun contre l'attaque sceptique
This thesis aims to discuss Thomas Reid’s (1710-1796) theory of the first principles of knowledge, more particularly, the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. In the first chapter, I discuss Reid’s foundationalist commitments in philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I argue that he is clearly a foundationalist about speculative and moral knowledge, but it is not clear if he keeps foundationalist commitments with regard to political knowledge – the first principles of politics are not self-evident beliefs: they are not justified from the start and, therefore, they do not have what is needed for being basic beliefs in a foundationalist view of the structure of knowledge. In the second chapter, I discuss Reid’s understanding of the sources of speculative, moral and political knowledge, namely, common sense and knowledge of mankind. I argue that while philosophy of mind and morals are based upon the first principles of common sense – immediate and irresistible beliefs due to the original constitution of mind, politics is based upon first principles of the knowledge of mankind – beliefs that are due to a mixture of the sagacity and the experience of the political scientist who lives among other human beings in a political society. In the third chapter, I try to explain Reid’s comprehension on the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I try to explain what a first principle of knowledge is, how to understand the distinction between the principles of contingent and necessary truths and what the means we have to identify the first principles of knowledge are. The fourth and last chapter is entirely dedicated to common sense. More particularly, I discuss how Reid defends the first principles of common sense from the skeptical attack

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19

Andersson, Frida. "Dementia; common cause of suicide among elderly?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7164.

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Elderly committing suicide can be in a “preclinical phase” of dementia. Depressive symptoms may indicate a risk to develop a disease of dementia, for example Alzheimer’s Disease. Today almost 10% of the Swedish population older than 65 years suffer from a cognitive impairment diagnosed as dementia. Symptoms of dementia are associated with degenerative changes in the brain caused by a deposition of amyloid, leading among others things to a nerve cell death. A clinical diagnosis can be hard to set, and a definitive diagnose can only be set after a pathological examination, which only is possible after death. For this study we used Congo red staining of brains sections to find amyloid in autopsies from elderly people committing suicide. 35 cases (>60 year) were studied. Of the 35 cases 1/3 showed to be positive for amyloid deposition. This result in addition to other studies suggest that depressive symptoms is a “preclinical phase” of dementia, and therefore the suicide risk for this group must be consider to be elevated. However, more reliable prospective studies most be done to confirm this retrospective study.

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20

Luintel, Harisharan. "Do Forest Commons Contribute to International Environmental Initiatives? A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Nepalese Forest Commons in view of REDD+." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3087.

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Forests in developing countries have the potential to contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change, promote biodiversity and support the livelihoods of rural, local people. Approximately one-fourth of such forests are under the control of local communities, which primarily manage forests for subsistence and to meet their livelihood needs. The trend of bottom-up community control is increasing through the adoption of decentralization reforms over the last 40 years. In contrast, the United Nations has introduced the top-down program, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) for the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon and the sustainable management of forest in developing countries. REDD+ incentivizes forest-managing communities to sequester carbon and reduce emissions. REDD+ has created hope for managing forests to mitigate climate change and has created fear that the new initiative may not be effective and may not ensure continuing forest-managing community benefits. However, little research has been conducted to answer these concerns. By taking nationally representative data from Nepalese community-managed forests (â€œforest commons"), I bring insights into whether and how these forests can contribute to REDD+ initiatives, particularly as they relate to carbon sequestration, biodiversity, equity in benefit sharing and collective action. My results indicated the highly variable carbon and biodiversity in the forest plots across the country, depicting the availability of space for additional growth in carbon storage and biodiversity conservation. My results also reflect the complex and varied relationships of carbon with different indices of biodiversity at the national level, across geographic and topographic regions, and in forests with varying canopy covers. Weak positive relationships between carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation indicate the possibility of synergies between carbon-forestry and biodiversity conservation. I also found that the formal community forestry program (CFP) has clearly positive impacts on biodiversity conservation and household-level equity in benefit sharing and a negative impact on carbon sequestration at the national level. However, disaggregated results of impacts of CFP on biodiversity, carbon and equity across geography, topography, forest quality and social groups display mixed results i.e., either positive or negative or neutral. I also identified that different drivers of collective action have different (i.e., positive, neutral, and negative) associations with carbon sequestration, which either supports or challenges established knowledge. In aggregate, my research indicates the potential of contribution by forest commons, and specially the CFP, to global environmental initiatives such as REDD+. It suggests that targeted, dedicated policies and programs to increase carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation and foster equity and collective actions are critical. In addition, my results also contribute to the growing literature on socio-ecological implications of forest commons that demonstrated the need of interdisciplinary research to understand human-nature relationships in the changing context.

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21

Ozkan, Siragan. "PTP EX: HIGH-RATE FRONT-END TELEMETRY AND COMMAND PROCESSING SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608315.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
This paper describes the PTP EX, a 160 Mbps Telemetry and Command front-end system, which takes advantage of the state-of-the-art in networking and software technology, and the rapid development in PC components and FPGA design. Applications for the PTP EX include High-rate Remote Sensing Ground Stations, Satellite/Payload Integration and Testing, High-rate Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) System and High-rate Digital Recorder/Playback System. The PTP EX Interface Board, the MONARCH-EX PCI High Speed Frame Synchronizer/Telemetry Simulator with Reed-Solomon Encoder/Decoder, is designed with the following key capabilities: · 160 Mbps serial input for CCSDS Frame Processing (Frame Synchronization, Derandomization, CRC, Reed-Solomon decoding, time stamping, quality annotation, filtering, routing, and stripping); · 160 Mbps disk logging of Reed-Solomon corrected CCSDS frames with simultaneous real-time processing of spacecraft engineering data and ancillary payload data; · Onboard CCSDS Telemetry Simulation with 160 Mbps serial output (Sync Pattern, background pattern, ID counter, time stamp, CRC, Reed-Solomon encoding, Randomization, and Convolutional encoding); · Bit Error Rate Testing up to 160 Mbps (Pseudo-random transmitter and receiver with bit error counter). The innovative architecture of the MONARCH-EX allows for simultaneous logging of a high-rate data stream and real-time telemetry processing. The MONARCH-EX is also designed with the latest in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. FPGAs allow the board to be reprogrammed quickly and easily to perform different functions. Thus, the same hardware can be used for both Telemetry processing and simulation, and BERT applications. The PTP EX also takes advantage of the latest advances in off-the-shelf PC computing and technology, including Windows NT, Pentium II, PCI, Gigabit Ethernet, and RAID subsystems. Avtec Systems, Inc. is leveraging the PTP EX to take advantage of the continuous improvement in high-end PC server components.

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22

Chozin, Muhammad. "Illegal but common life of blast fishermen in the Spermode Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1213299684.

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23

Reagon, Michael. "Mechanisms facilitating and evolutionary consequences of gene flow in two crop-wild hybrid complexes sunflower and rice /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1165602736.

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24

Thinesen, Pamela Kay. "Seasonal trailing behavior and corticosterone levels in male red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis)." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3916.

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Mechanisms of how red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) travel up to 18 km from summer feeding sites to hibernation dens are not understood. In this study, monthly and seasonal trailing behavior were investigated to determine whether red-sided garter snakes prefer to follow trails of snakes from the same den (den-mates) versus trails made by other conspecifics (non-den-mates). Snakes from five different hibernacula in Manitoba, Canada, were involved in the study. Eighteen were adults and 15 were subadults. Subadult red-sided garter snakes do not return to hibernacula until their second year of life, so their trailing behavior was of interest in learning how they might first find hibernation sites.

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25

Francksen, Richard Michael. "Exploring the impact of common buzzard Buteo buteo predation on red grouse Lagopus lagopus scotica." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3365.

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The relationship between raptors and red grouse Lagopus Lagopus scotica is one of the most topical and contentious wildlife management issues in Britain. The common buzzard Buteo buteo is a generalist raptor which has increased in population and range in Britain during the last 40 years, which in most areas represents a recovery following historical declines. Increasingly, this has reignited conflict with managers of gamebirds concerned about the impact of buzzard predation. Whilst the impact of buzzards on reared pheasants Phasianus colchicus has previously been assessed, the impact of buzzards on red grouse has not been investigated. I aim to address this knowledge gap by providing an insight into the predator-prey relationship between buzzards and red grouse. I have explored the diet, foraging patterns and responses to changing prey abundances of buzzards on a moorland site managed for red grouse in south-west Scotland. First, I investigated the biases associated with methods of assessing raptor diet. I demonstrated that methodological biases exist and that these can vary over time in relation to natural temporal variations in raptor diet composition. I then investigated functional and numerical responses of buzzards to annual changes in prey abundance. Following declines in vole abundance, buzzards selected a wider range of prey, but consumption of red grouse did not increase, and there was no evidence of a numerical response. Results suggested that buzzard predation of red grouse may be incidental in nature, whereby high vole abundances encouraged buzzards to hunt in red grouse habitats. Next, I explored buzzard foraging patterns in relation to prey and habitat. Buzzard foraging intensity varied in line with annual variations in vole abundance, and buzzards hunted in areas with more red grouse during the winter. Buzzards avoided heather dominated areas in years when vole abundance was low, but not when vole abundances were high. Results again suggested that incidental buzzard predation of red grouse could increase when vole abundances are high. However, I found no evidence that variations in buzzard foraging intensity influenced grouse mortality indices. iii I then described buzzard diet during the winter with the aid of remote tracking methods. Buzzard diet was primarily composed of small mammals, and red grouse were less likely to feature in the diet of buzzards roosting in grassy areas. Next, I produced estimates of the potential removal of grouse by buzzards using bioenergetics modelling. The results suggested that whilst the removal of grouse by an individual buzzard is likely to be small, the total number of grouse removed could be considerable if buzzard populations are high and predation of grouse is additive to other causes of mortality. Finally, key results are discussed and placed in a wider context of upland and gamebird management in Britain. Recommendations are made for future study to improve our understanding of these systems, and for testing possible mitigation and management techniques. This study could have wider implications for the management of economically important or threatened species, alongside recovering populations of protected raptors, and may provide a useful framework for studying similar systems elsewhere.

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26

Poli, Davide. "Gene expression responses to acute and chronic heat stress in the common reef-building coral Pocillopora verrucosa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8326/.

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Global climate change is impacting coral reefs worldwide, with approximately 19% of reefs being permanently degraded, 15% showing symptoms of imminent collapse, and 20% at risk of becoming critically affected in the next few decades. This alarming level of reef degradation is mainly due to an increase in frequency and intensity of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Recent evidence has called into question whether corals have the capacity to acclimatize or adapt to climate changes and some groups of corals showed inherent physiological tolerance to environmental stressors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mRNA expression patterns underlying differences in thermal tolerance in specimen of the common reef-building coral Pocillopora verrucosa collected at different locations in Bangka Island waters (North Sulawesi, Indonesia). Part of the experimental work was carried out at the CoralEye Reef Research Outpost (Bangka Island). This includes sampling of corals at selected sites and at different depths (3 and 12 m) as well as their experimental exposure to an increased water temperature under controlled conditions for 3 and 7 days. Levels of mRNAs encoding ATP synthase (ATPs) NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) and a 70kDa Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR. Transcriptional profiles evaluated under field conditions suggested an adaptation to peculiar local environmental conditions in corals collected at different sites and at the low depth. Nevertheless, high–depth collected corals showed a less pronounced site-to-site separation suggesting more homogenous environmental conditions. Exposure to an elevated temperature under controlled conditions pointed out that corals adapted to the high depth are more sensitive to the effects of thermal stress, so that reacted to thermal challenge by significantly over-expressing the selected gene products. Being continuously exposed to fluctuating environmental conditions, low-depth adapted corals are more resilient to the stress stimulus, and indeed showed unaffected or down-regulated mRNA expression profiles. Overall these results highlight that transcriptional profiles of selected genes involved in cellular stress response are modulated by natural seasonal temperature changes in P. verrucosa. Moreover, specimens living in more variable habitats (low-depth) exhibit higher basal HSP70 mRNA levels, possibly enhancing physiological tolerance to environmental stressors.

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27

Shepley, Brian Patrick. "Simulating Optimal Part Yield from No. 3A Common Lumber." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36226.

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The percentage of low-grade material composing the annual hardwood lumber production in the U.S. is on the rise. As a result, finding markets for low-grade and low-value lumber has been identified as a top priority by researchers and industry associations. Computer simulation has been used by the manufacturing industry for several decades as a decision support tool. Simulation programs are commonly used and relied on by researchers and the industry alike to conduct research on various aspects of the rough mill from processing to recovery efficiency. This research used the ROMI-RIP and ROMI-CROSS simulation programs to determine specific conditions that led to optimal part yield when processing No. 3A Common, 4/4-thickness, kiln-dried, red oak lumber in rip-first and crosscut-first operations. Results of the simulations indicated that cutting bills with narrow part widths and short part lengths are conducive to obtaining optimal part yield while processing No. 3A Common lumber. Furthermore, it was found that as the percent of No. 3A Common lumber in a grade mix increases, part yields and sawing efficiencies decrease. The results also indicated that higher part yields will be obtained when processing short-length No. 3A Common lumber between 6 and 8 feet in length.
Master of Science

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28

Yun, Linda Y. "The margin for yield improvement for no. 1 common 5/4 red oak in a conventional rough mill." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50102.

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This study examined the potential for improvement within a conventional (crosscut-first) rough mill. Improvement was measured in terms of volume and also value of cuttings produced. Current levels of yield were obtained from an in-plant yield study of 138 boards. The same material was then processed with a computer optimization program designed to simulate a crosscut-first operation. Tests between the two methods, actual and optimized, showed that . current levels of cutting volume production were not able to be improved upon with optimization. Due to the varying costs of different length cuttings, however, a significant increase in the value of cuttings produced was possible. The distribution of cutting lengths produced was found to be a signficant factor in these results.
Master of Science
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Owusu-Agyemang, Kwame. "The contribution of the Tsolo Red Meat Cluster to household income and general well-being." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09222008152651.

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30

Thébert, Angélique. "Propositions du sens commun et connaissance de base : une solution reidienne au problème du critère." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3037.

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Un des arguments du sceptique consiste à dire qu'une source potentielle de connaissance ne peut produire de la connaissance pour un sujet que si et seulement si ce sujet sait que cette source est fiable. Cette exigence correspond au principe du critère. Le problème est que, d'une part, il semble impossible de la satisfaire sans passer par un raisonnement circulaire, ce qui est inacceptable pour le sceptique ; mais que, d'autre part, cette exigence paraît légitime pour qui conçoit la connaissance comme une croyance dont la vérité n'est pas due au hasard. Ce travail montre dans quelle mesure on peut souscrire au principe du critère, sans accéder à toutes les demandes du sceptique. A partir des réflexions de Thomas Reid, nous proposons une réponse qui s'organise en trois temps : nous expliquons en quel sens nous avons une connaissance immédiate de la fiabilité de nos facultés de connaître, et plus généralement de l'ensemble des principes du sens commun ; ce qui nous permet ensuite de comprendre pourquoi la circularité épistémique présente dans toute preuve par induction des principes du sens commun n'est ni vicieuse, ni la source d'une connaissance acquise bien trop facilement. Enfin, nous proposons un nouveau cadre d'analyse de la connaissance : loin d'être une réalisation épistémique admirable, causée par l'exercice de nos vertus intellectuelles dans un environnement bienveillant, la connaissance désigne un ensemble de capacités, aux manifestations variées, allant de la capacité à répondre adéquatement et en toute confiance à des données, à la capacité à formuler les principes présupposés dans notre pratique du jugement et à les placer sous l'éclairage épistémique qui convient
One of the arguments of the sceptic is to say that a potential source of knowledge can produce knowledge for a subject if and only if the subject knows that this source is reliable. This requirement corresponds to the principle of the criterion. The problem is that, on the one hand, it seems impossible to meet this demand but through a circular reasoning, which (according to the sceptic) amounts to going down the wrong path; but that, on the other hand, this requirement seems legitimate for anyone who conceives knowledge as a belief whose truth has nothing to do with chance. The aim of this work is to show to what extent we can subscribe to the principle of the criterion, without complying with every demand of the sceptic. Taking stock of Reid's analysis, we propose an answer which develops in three parts: we first explain in what sense we have an immediate knowledge of the reliability of our cognitive faculties, and more generally an immediate knowledge of the principles of common sense. It enables us to understand why the epistemic circularity involved in any proof of the principles of common sense, which proceeds by track record, is neither vicious nor the source of an all too easy knowledge. Finally, we propose a new conceptual framework for knowledge: far from being a laudable epistemic achievement, due to the exercise of our intellectual virtues in a friendly environment, knowledge consists in many capacities, whose manifestations are very diverse, ranging from the mere capacity to adequately register facts and respond to them with confidence, to the capacity to extract the presupposed principles of our natural judgements and to put them under the appropriate light

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Halliday, William. "Temperature Modulates the Strength of Density-dependent Habitat Selection in Ectotherms: Expanding and Testing Theory with Red Flour Beetles and Common Gartersnakes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34812.

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Density dependence is a common phenomenon in nature, and the intensity of density dependence is driven by competition over depletable resources. Habitat selection patterns are often density-dependent, and are driven by decreasing population mean fitness in a habitat as population density increases in that habitat. Yet not all resources are depletable, and non-depletable resources may sometimes be most important in dictating patterns of habitat selection. Ectotherms, for example, are defined by their dependence on environmental temperature to regulate body temperature, and temperature is often the most important resource for ectotherms. Is density dependence an important mechanism in ectotherms, especially when temperature is a limiting factor? In this thesis, I examine density dependence of fitness and habitat selection by ectotherms using red flour beetles and common gartersnakes. In chapter one and three, I test whether density-dependent habitat selection occurs when habitats differ in both temperature and food availability with red flour beetles and common gartersnakes, respectively. In chapter two, I modify the isodar model of habitat selection to account for the effect of temperature on ectotherms, derive predictions from the modified model, and test these predictions with controlled experiments with red flour beetles selecting between habitats that differ in food quantity and temperature. Finally, in chapter four, I examine the effect of density on metrics of fitness and habitat selection with common gartersnakes. Red flour beetles exhibited strong density dependence in both habitat selection and fitness at their optimal temperature, but density dependence weakened at lower temperatures. Common gartersnakes exhibited mostly density-independent habitat selection with a strong preference for warm field habitat over cool forest habitat, but exhibited some density dependence in habitat selection within field habitat. Overall, my thesis demonstrates that ectotherms have variable density-dependent responses, and that these responses are strongly modulated by temperature.

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Ladeia, Donizeti Rodrigues. "A Matriz Filosófica do Presbiterianismo no Brasil." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2014. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/321.

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Presbyterians protestant missionaries who came to Brazil in the second half of the nineteenth century brought a Calvinist interpretation of the Bible, they remained faithful to princetoniana formation that effected a synthesis between Calvinist orthodoxy and pietism. These princetonian had epistemological basis as the philosophy of Thomas Reid, known as the Common Sense Realism. This philosophy is used as a reformed epistemology, or Calvinist. It is understood in its Scottish formation and consequently American, via Princeton, as Providential Epistemology. Thusly, when it is assimilated by Brazilians through preaching and theological education, it becomes part of the Brazilian Presbyterian profile as a philosophical doctrine. The Philosophy of Common Sense is gestated as critical to the empiricist philosophy of David Hume who, for Reid, converge to a possible annihilation of religion and a pessimistic view of science, affecting empiricism, therefore causing a new formulation nearest of skepticism. Therefore Reid formulated the philosophy that he is opposed to Locke and Berkeley and then to David Hume, claiming that reality is independent of our apprehension. In other words, in the perception of the outside world there is no interference of the cognocent subject on the object of knowledge. Our relationship with objects is straight and should not be undermined by intermediation. At implantation of Protestantism in Brazil, via Princeton missionaries, there was not an uncompromising defense of Calvinist principles by missionaries such as Fletcher and Simonton but a continuity of sacred scripture reading by Calvinistic bias, as was done at Princeton Seminary. There was not a marked emphasis on the defense of orthodoxy because the topic of theological liberalism, or the conflict between modernism and fundamentalism was not necessary in the local environment where the predominant concern for evangelization in practical terms. Moreover, the concepts of the Philosophy of Common Sense were close of empiricism mitigated by Silvestre Pinheiro and Victor Cousins eclecticism. Therefore, in Brazil, the place where one sees the use of the philosophy of Common Sense is in discussions among intellectuals in three interesting points: 1st) The Common Sense was restricted to academic space, training new pastors, and the works of Charles Hodge and A.A. Hodge are the main sources of implementing this ratifying mindset of religious experience and thus delineate the face of Protestantism among Presbyterians, one of the major protestant denominations in the late nineteenth century; 2nd) In the debates between Catholic Clergy and Protestant in theological polemics; 3rd) In the utilitarian use of foreign cultural assimilation by the national Protestant, not least, facilitated by the friendliness of the Brazilian liberal to Protestantism, while it maintained a philosophical line nearest mitigated empiricism and eclecticism. Hence, our hypothesis is intended to demonstrate that protestants brought with them the epistemological formulations that were given to a group of intellectuals who formed the framework of the first presbyterian pastors of the history of this denomination. They were converted and assimilated better the new doctrines through more than just preaching, but by his philosophical way of looking at the objects studied, and that such information comes through the epistemological basis of the Common Sense Realism, which finds space in Brazilian republicans ideals of the nineteenth century.
Os missionários protestantes presbiterianos que vieram para o Brasil no início da segunda metade do século XIX trouxeram uma interpretação calvinista da bíblia, pois permaneceram fieis à formação princetoniana que efetivou uma síntese entre ortodoxia calvinista e pietismo. Estes pricetonianos tinham como base epistemológica a filosofia de Thomas Reid, conhecida como o Realismo do Senso Comum. Essa filosofia é utilizada como uma epistemologia reformada, ou calvinista. Ela é compreendida em sua formação escocesa e consequentemente americana, via Princeton, como a Epistemologia Providencial. Desta forma, quando ela é assimilada pelos brasileiros por meio da pregação e da formação teológica, a mesma se torna parte do perfil presbiteriano brasileiro como doutrina filosófica. A Filosofia do Senso Comum se gesta como crítica à filosofia empirista de David Hume que, para Reid, convergiria para um possível aniquilamento da religião e para uma visão pessimista da ciência, afetando o empirismo, por conseguinte, causando uma nova formulação mais próxima do ceticismo. Por isso, Reid formulou a filosofia que para ele contrapõe-se a Locke e Berkeley e depois a David Hume, afirmando que a realidade é independente de nossa apreensão. Ou seja, na percepção do mundo exterior não há interferência do sujeito cognoscente sobre o objeto do conhecimento. A nossa relação com os objetos é direta e não deve ser desvirtuada por intermediações. Na implantação do protestantismo no Brasil, via missionários de Princeton, não houve uma defesa intransigente dos princípios calvinistas por parte de missionários como Fletcher e Simonton e sim uma continuidade da leitura das escrituras sagradas pelo viés calvinista, como era feito no Seminário de Princeton. Não havia uma ênfase acentuada na defesa da ortodoxia porque o tema do liberalismo teológico, ou do conflito entre modernismo e fundamentalismo não se fazia necessário na conjuntura local, onde predominava a preocupação pela evangelização em termos práticos. O conceitos da Filosofia do Senso Comum eram próximos do empirismo mitigado de Silvestre Pinheiro e do Ecletismo de Victor Cousin. Por isso, no Brasil, o local em que mais se vê a utilização da filosofia do Senso Comum é nos debates entre intelectuais, em três pontos interessantes: 1ª) O Senso Comum ficou restrito ao espaço acadêmico, na formação de novos pastores, sendo que as obras de Charles Hodge e A. A. Hodge são as principais fontes de implantação desta mentalidade ratificadora da experiência religiosa e, desta forma, delineiam o rosto do protestantismo entre presbiterianos, uma das principais denominações protestantes do final do século XIX; 2ª) Nos debates entre clérigos católicos e protestantes em polêmicas teológicas;. 3º) No aproveitamento utilitarista da assimilação cultural estrangeira pelos protestantes nacionais, não por último, facilitada pela simpatia dos liberais brasileiros pelo protestantismo, ao mesmo tempo que mantinham uma linha filosófica mais próxima do empirismo mitigado e do ecletismo. Assim, nossa hipótese pretende demonstrar que os protestantes trouxeram em seu bojo as formulações epistemológicas que foram passadas para um grupo de intelectuais, que formaram o quadro dos primeiros pastores presbiterianos da história desta denominação. Eles foram convertidos e assimilaram melhor as novas doutrinas por meio de mais do que simples pregações, mas pela sua forma filosófica de encarar os objetos estudados, e que tais informações vêm por meio da base epistemológica do Realismo do Senso Comum, que encontra espaço nos ideais republicanos brasileiros do século XIX.

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Arosio, Elisabetta. "La réception française de la philosophie de Thomas Reid et de l'école écossaise du sens commun entre 1780 et 1830." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0016.

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Cette thèse analyse l'influence de la doctrine de Thomas Reid, philosophe écossais et chef de file de l'école du sens commun, qui s'exerce sur la philosophie française entre la période pré-révolutionnaire et les premières décennies du XIXème siècle. Cette influence marque le commencement d'une nouvelle phase de la philosophie française, qui, s'écartant des idées et des instances de la doctrine sensualiste de Condillac, aboutit à une nouvelle identité. Pierre Paul Royer-Collard est le premier à intégrer dans la tradition philosophique française les doctrines de Reid. Ensuite, Victore Cousin, se tourne également vers les doctrines du philosophe écossais, lorsqu'il conçoit son projet d'une philosophie éclectique. La thèse démontre enfin comme la réception de la philosophie écossaise est également influencée par les nombreux faits politiques qui s'enchevêtrent en France entre la Révolution et l'avènement de la Monarchie de Juillet
This thesis analyses the influence that Thomas reid's common sense philosophy exerts on French philosophy, from the pre-revolutionary period to the first decades of the XIXth century. Taking some distances from the ideas and instances of Condillac's sensualist philosophy prevailing in France at the end of the XVIIIth century. French reception which starts a new phase of French philosophy. Pierre Paul Royer-Collard is the first one to integrate Reid's doctrines into the French philosophical tradition. Later, Victore Cousin, Royer-Collard's young disciple, formulating his eclectic philosophy, looks at the Scotish philosopher's doctrines. The purpose of this thesis shows aldo that the French reception of Reid's philosophy is connected to the several political events which entangle France from the Revolution to the July Monarchy

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Maciel, Luiz Alexandre Hiane da Silva. "A timestamp-based two phase commit protocol for web services." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2011. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1974.

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Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) allows the development of software with requirements of interoperability and loose coupling. New services can be offered through the composition of existing services in order to address new business requirements. Business-to-business collaborative web applications demand a loosely coupled, coarse-grained interaction model. Thus, the traditional transaction architectures based on the ACID must be re-visited to support long-running web services. For such web services, it is not advisable to lock resources because they become blocked to other transactions. The two most adopted SOA architecture styles are the WS-* and REST (Representational State Transfer). WS-* is a set of specifications for the development of services based on SOAP and WSDL. The WS-* specifications support the implementation of non-functional requirements among them the transaction control. Two of the WS-* drawbacks are the implementation complexity and the strong dependency on SOAP and WSDL. REST, however, as an architectural style, does not provide "official" standards to address the non-functional requirements of services. We investigate the means by which a web service application can support transactions implementation using timestamp. We propose a protocol based in timestamp and two phase commit protocol in order to support the transactional control implementation in the web service domain. A protocol extension to improve the satisfaction of business rules is also proposed. The extension takes into account the application domain business rules which guide the web services behavior. In order to show the feasibility of the protocols, examples of an application are described. We also describe how the proposed protocols must be used to deal with host and connection failures.

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Musgrave, Michael K. "Carbon and the commons in the Zambezi teak (Baikiaea plurijuga, Harms) forests of western Zambia : sustainable forest management for commodity and community." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6317.

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This study attempted a holistic synthesis of the problems of Sustainable Development (SD) and Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in the dry deciduous forests of south western Zambia. There are scale-based implications across the entire range of actions required for SFM and REDD+ implementation in tropical forests. Addressing scale mismatches in ecological, social and socio-ecological systems is essential and may help resolve epistemological differences in interdisciplinary research. The importance of local context to SD and SFM supported a case study approach to the social-ecological system. Leaf phenology shows regional variation in deciduousness and varies spatially on a local scale. This highlights the need for researching the eco-physiological source of this variation to assess the effects of climate change on forest phenology. Livelihood analysis in forest communities showed that high levels of social and natural capital confer community resilience to climate change. Land use change was mapped between 1975 and 2005. Zambezi Teak forests decreased in area by 54% between 1975 and 2005. However, changes in area weighted Above Ground Biomass (AGB) are negligible because Zambezi Teak forests are replaced by other woody vegetation. The differences in AGB between plot-based field measurements of AGB and published global biomass maps mean that these maps are not useful for REDD+ projects at the project scale (~10,000 ha). Governance arrangements for Zambezi Teak forests differ between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Although the forests in Zimbabwe have an age structure skewed towards smaller age classes than forests in Zambia, possibly indicating a recovery from logging, this study has not accounted for other covariates which determine forest condition. This research emphasises the importance of case studies for building a global database for inclusion in a meta-analysis, and for the contextual focus which a holistic approach brings to the action-based agenda at the heart of SD and SFM.

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Pickett, Karolyne. "Sublethal impacts of risk of predation by the introduced red fox on the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New South Wales, Australia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45504.pdf.

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Alencar, Anuska Irene de. "A coopera??o em crian?as de rede p?blica de Natal/RN:uma abordagem evolucionista." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17200.

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Cooperation is a well known behavior and influenced by all cultures. Probably selective pressures brought advantages to individuals that cooperate, and then this behavior is current in human societies. Most of it is studied about cooperation and natural selection was understood by the game theory, a mathematical approach that helps to understand the conflict and cooperation. We believe that natural selection and game theory could facilitate understanding these behaviors and two theoretical articles were written regarding this view. It was also found that most of data about cooperation was obtained in (with) adults. Since game theory is effective to understand this phenomenon, and to be used and understood, two games were used with five and eleven year old children: the common pool and public goods games. The results are presented in four empirical articles. We found that children respond to social dilemmas of game theory like the adults do. They adjust their rounds regarding the feedback obtained of their partness; in the beginning they cooperate and reduce the degree of cooperation along (throughout) the following session; in the absence of punition the level of opportunism increased, mainly in larger groups; boys and girls behave differently when donate. This research suggest that cooperation has an evolutionary basis in human and it is since earlier in the behavioral pattern shown by adults.
A coopera??o ? um comportamento bastante difundido e estimulado em todas as culturas. Provavelmente press?es seletivas trouxeram vantagens para indiv?duos que cooperavam, e por essa raz?o, esse comportamento est? presente nas sociedades humanas. Muito do que se estuda sobre coopera??o e sele??o natural foi compreendida utilizando a teoria dos jogos, uma abordagem matem?tica que ajuda compreender o conflito e a coopera??o. Acreditamos a sele??o natural e a teoria dos jogos podem nos ajudar a compreender esses comportamentos e escrevemos dois dois artigos te?ricos abordando essa id?ia. Verificamos tamb?m, que muito dos achados sobre coopera??o foram realizados com adultos. Pelo fato da teoria dos jogos ser eficaz para compreender esse fen?meno, e de f?cil aplica??o e compreens?o, utilizamos dois jogos em crian?as de 5 a 11 anos de idade: o jogo da terra dos comuns e o dos bens p?blicos. Os achados est?o relatados em quatro artigos emp?ricos. Neles verificamos que as crian?as respondem aos dilemas sociais da teoria dos jogos de forma semelhante aos adultos. Elas ajustam as jogadas em fun??o do retorno que obt?m dos companheiros; s?o cooperativas no in?cio e reduzem a coopera??o ao longo das sess?es; na aus?ncia de puni??o o n?vel de oportunismo aumentou, principalmente nos grupos grandes; meninos e meninas se comportam de forma diferente na de realizar as doa??es. O conjunto deste trabalho sugere que a coopera??o tem uma base evolutiva em humanos e que ela est? presente desde cedo nos padr?es apresentados pelos adultos

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Ladeia, Donizeti Rodrigues. "Thomas Reid: o senso comum como matriz filosófica do presbiterianismo." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2006. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2485.

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Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie
This research introduces the Thomas Reid philosophy, as a philosophical matrix, through the north american presbyterianism, represented by the North American Presbyterian Church, and how the Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, received the influencies of that philosophy through foreign mission. The environment of this analysis was the crisis period, that the Scotish Philosophy appeared. The analysed factors in that environment was, the crisis that influenced the philosophical thinking, specialy in knowledge field in a time starts from Middle Age English School inquiring up to epistemologics crisis context of Reid s thinking. After that, the Reid s formulation of thinking was studied, the common sense. At this point we have the study about how Reid faced the ceticism based in David Hume s conception. The final part shows how the common sense philosophy became de philosophical matrix of protestanism through North American Presbyterian Church, and subsequently by the Princeton missionaries actions in Brazil.
Esta pesquisa introduz o estudo da filosofia de Thomas Reid, como matriz filosófica, através do presbiterianismo norte americano, representado pela denominação da Igreja, Presbiteriana Norte Americana, e de como a Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil recebeu as influências desta filosofia, através das missões estrangeiras. Analisou-se o período de crise, no qual eclodiu a filosofia escocesa. Os fatores analisados neste ambiente foram a crise que atinge o pensamento filosófico principalmente na área do conhecimento em um período que vai dos questionamentos da Escola Inglesa na Idade Média até o contexto epistemológico do período vivido por Thomas Reid. Posteriormente, estudou-se a formulação do pensamento de Reid, o senso comum. Nesta parte temos o estudo sobre como Reid enfrentou o ceticismo formulado nas concepções de David Hume. A parte final mostra como a filosofia do senso comum se tornou a matriz filosófica do protestantismo através da Igreja Presbiteriana da América do Norte, e depois pela atuação dos missionários formados em Princeton no Brasil.

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Hauville, Marion R. "Larviculture and nutrition of three of Florida's high value food and stock enhancement finfish, common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20896.

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The main objective of this thesis was to gain new insights in three of Florida’s high value food and stock enhancement finfish nutrition (Common snook, Florida pompano and red drum) to improve larviculture protocols. The main bottleneck in snook production is the extremely low larval survival rate, which hinders subsequent research. This work first focused on the source of the larvae by looking at potential nutritional deficiencies in captive broodstock. The lipid composition of wild and captive common snook broodstock were compared to identify disparities and gain the information necessary for the formulation of a suitable diet for captive stocks. Results showed that captive snook lipid content was significantly higher than that of wild fish. However, cholesterol and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels were significantly lower compared to wild broodstock, with potential impact on steroid and prostaglandin production, reproductive behavior and gametogenesis. Eggs from captive broodstock incorporated high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels and low ARA levels. Consequently, ARA/EPA ratio in captive eggs was more than half of that in wild eggs (2.3 ± 0.6 and 0.9 ± 0.1 respectively), with a probable perturbation in eicosanoid production and adverse effects on embryo and larval development. The large differences observed between wild and captive broodstock most likely contributed to the reproductive dysfunctions observed in captive snook broodstock (e.g. incomplete oocyte maturation, low milt production and poor egg quality). In addition, the presence of hydrocarbons was detected in the liver of most of the wild snook sampled. This requires further investigation to identify the source of the contamination, monitor a potential impact on reproductive performances and protect the species habitat. Another major bottleneck in marine fish rearing occurs during the transition from endogenous feeding to exogenous feeding, with mass mortality events linked to inadequate first feeding diets. To gain insight on the early fatty acid requirements and mobilization of pompano and snook larvae, the pattern of conservation and loss of fatty acids from the yolk sac during the endogenous feeding period and subsequent starvation was studied. In both species, fatty acids were utilized as an energy source after hatching. Mono-unsaturated fatty acids were catabolized, while saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were conserved. High levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) in pompano and snook eggs (respectively 2.44 ± 0.1 and 5.43 ± 0.3 % of total fatty acids), as well as selective retention in the unfed larvae, suggested a high dietary requirement for this fatty acid during the early stages of larval development. The effect of an ARA supplementation was therefore investigated in snook larvae at the rotifer feeding stage. Larvae receiving the supplementation did incorporate higher levels of ARA, and DHA/EPA and ARA/EPA ratios were successfully modified to match those observed in wild eggs. No significant improvements in growth or survival were observed, however the success in fatty acid profile modification suggest a possible impact of the supplementation on a longer period of time and a possible effect on stress resistance. Probiotics have been shown to enhance larval performances of several species and this strategy was therefore investigated to evaluate a potential impact on Florida pompano, red drum and common snook larvae. The effect of a commercial mix of Bacillus sp. was studied on larval survival, growth and digestive enzyme activities. Larvae were fed either live feed enriched with Algamac 3050 (Control), Algamac 3050 and probiotics (PB), or the previous diet combined with a daily addition of probiotics to the tank water (PB+). Microbiological analyses were performed at the end of the pompano trial. Numbers of presumptive Vibrio sp. were low and not statistically different between treatments, therefore no additional microbiological analyses were performed on the system. At the end of the pompano and snook trial, standard lengths of larvae from the PB and PB+ treatments were significantly greater than for the control larvae. For both pompano and snook, trypsin specific activity was higher in PB and PB+ larvae compared to the control larvae. Similarly, alkaline phosphatase activity was higher for the pompano larvae fed the PB and PB+ treatments and for the snook larvae fed the PB+ treatment compared to the control larvae. No enhancement of growth or digestive enzymes activities was observed in red drum larvae. Yet, no negative effects were noticed and a longer trial period and the study of additional parameters could reveal different effects. In all three species, survival was not affected by the supplementation; however, stress exposure should be further investigated as the supplementation may strengthen the larvae, especially pompano and snook larvae where the Bacillus sp. supplementation appears to promote growth through an early maturation of the digestive system. Another key challenge in marine fish larval rearing resides in weaning the larvae onto dry micro-diets. This step is commonly concurrent with larvae metamorphosis into juveniles, with extensive morphological and physiological changes that are likely to influence nutritional requirements. In the present project, three microdiets were tested on weaning of Florida pompano larvae: Otohime, Gemma and a reference diet LR803. The experimental system was stocked with 11-day-old larvae, which were co-fed micro-diets and live food from 11 dph to 17 dph then micro-diets only until 28 dph. Survival from 11 dph to 28 dph was similar for all treatments, with an average of 33 %. At the end of the trial, the Gemma larvae were significantly longer and heavier than larvae fed the other diets. Fatty acid composition of the diets and larvae varied significantly between treatments. The Gemma larvae incorporated the lowest amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). However, they presented the highest DHA/EPA and ARA/EPA ratios, supporting the concept that the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids are of greater importance than their absolute amount. Results from the enzyme analysis showed that fishmeal is a suitable main source of protein for Florida pompano larvae and demonstrated the full functionality of the pancreas at 16 days post hatch. These results provide the basis of a suitable weaning diet for pompano larvae and indicate the possibility of a weaning time prior to 16 days post hatch, which is of high interest in commercial production. Overall, this research provides new data on common snook, pompano and red drum nutritional requirements with results that can be directly applied to help overcome major bottlenecks in the hatchery phase and improve rearing protocols.

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Csiki, Krisztina. "The effect of habitat type on farmland bird populations : In Tarnava Mare Natura2000 reserve, Romania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-410034.

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Widespread extinction is a critical threat to biodiversity and is largely caused by human overexploitation of habitat and populations. A widely used and hence well studied organism group for indication of biodiversity is birds. In Europe especially, farmland specialists have suffered from intensified agricultural practices such as increase of monoculture, use of pesticides, and heavy machinery. This has been shown to be partly caused by an EU legislation called the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). A specific type of farmland, termed High Nature Value (HNV) farmland, seems to be particularly advantageous for farmland specialist birds and makes up an important conservation target. The current study was done in the Natura2000 reserve Târnava Mare, Romania, to find out which habitat types play an essential role for occurrence of farmland species. Farmlands in Târnava Mare are highly diverse in structure, characterizing a mosaic of grassland, meadows and fields, and low-intensity farming practices. With bird point count survey data from 2015 to 2019, I evaluated the effect of different habitat types on five species listed in the Farmland Bird Indicator (FBI) and as farmland specialists: red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio), yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis), Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), and common whitethroat (Sylvia communis). I compared habitat proportion in presence and absence of the species for 2019’s data with Mann-Whitney tests. They all showed significant results for meadow proportion. All species except the common whitethroat showed significant results for crop proportion, while only two species (red-backed shrike and yellowhammer) showed significant results for scrub. Independent of which habitat type was tested (meadow, crop or scrub), all species with significant result – except for Eurasian skylark with a negative relationship in crop habitat - showed a positive response to a higher proportion of the tested habitat. The same species except Eurasian tree sparrow were modelled with the generalized N-mixture model of Dail and Madsen (2011) to evaluate what is influencing abundance, recruitment rates, survival probabilities and detectability over five years. The day of the season affected the detectability of almost all species. The effect of habitat on recruitment rate and survival probability, however, could only be shown for yellowhammer. For the latter, proportion of meadow affected recruitment and proportion of reed affected survival. In conclusion, the presence of species seems to be generally higher in habitats associated with low-intensity farming on the single season scale. Over time, however, a significant effect on population dynamic parameters for the same species could not be shown for most species. This could be a result of insufficient data for each year, too few years of data, or that the tested habitat types are not affecting these parameters over time.

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Rolls, Holly Jacqueline. "Using Otolith Elemental Composition to Track the Habitat Use, Movements, and Life History Patterns of Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in the Tampa Bay Estuary." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5298.

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Knowledge of fish habitat use and connectivity is critical for understanding the structure and dynamics of fish populations and, therefore, necessary for the implementation of successful fisheries management strategies. Tagging is an effective means of providing such information, and the elemental composition contained within fish otoliths is increasingly being used as a natural tag. The chemical composition of otoliths reflects the incorporation of elements from different water bodies and can thus be used to understand the habitat use, movements, and life history patterns of fishes. To assess the applicability of otolith elemental composition as a tagging technique within the Tampa Bay estuary, Florida, laser ablation-inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to analyze the elemental composition of otoliths from two estuarine-dependent fish species, Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Otolith elemental fingerprints can be used to quantify the proportion of juveniles from different nurseries that survive to join the sub-adult and adult fisheries, thus, providing resource managers with quantitative criteria to prioritize the most productive areas for conservation and restoration. To evaluate the use of otolith elemental fingerprinting in the Tampa Bay estuary, the spatial and temporal scales of chemical variation in otoliths collected from throughout Tampa Bay were examined by performing permutation-based multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) on the elemental data at several spatial (individual tributary, two-region, and three-region) and temporal (annual and seasonal) scales. Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP) was used to generate classifiers based on the otolith elemental fingerprints of juvenile fish, and `leave-one-out' cross-validation procedures indicated that the greatest classification accuracy was obtained by using the two-region model (upper vs. lower Tampa Bay) for both species (for Snook F=45.8, p=0.001, CAP cross-validation success=76%; for Red Drum F=9.7, p=0.001, CAP cross-validation success=87%). For both species, all temporal analyses at the inter-annual scale indicated that otolith elemental fingerprints were significantly different across years (two-way MANOVA; p Several environmental factors which may have contributed to the regional differences in otolith chemistry were examined, including physico-chemical parameters (surface measurements of salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature taken at the time of sample collection), surficial geologic stratigraphy, and land development. Weak, but significant correlations were identified between some elements and physico-chemical parameters; however, instantaneous measurements taken at the time of fish collection may not have provided an accurate representation of the overall conditions experienced by the fish during the period in which the otolith material used in analyses had been deposited (2 - 4 weeks). A significant correlation between latitude and otolith Sr/Ca was found, likely corresponding to an increasing ambient gradient that occurs from the upper to lower bay (for Red Drum F=77.1, p=0.001; for Snook F=69.2, p=0.001). The Land Development Intensity metric was negatively correlated with otolith Li/Ca and Sr/Ca. While surficial geologic inputs may have also contributed to the elemental composition of otoliths, the relationships revealed by redundancy analyses (RDA) were somewhat unclear or contradictory. Once the appropriate chemical characterization of the study area was identified (the two-region models for both species), elemental fingerprints from the core portions of sub-adult and adult otoliths were assigned to their most probable juvenile habitat region using a maximum likelihood estimator based on the posterior probabilities generated by CAP analyses (CAP-MLE). Application of the two-region model revealed that the majority of Red Drum (83%) was determined to have originated from juvenile habitats in the upper Tampa Bay region, while most Snook (60%) originated from juvenile habitats in the lower Tampa Bay region. The majority of sub-adult/adult Snook and Red Drum were collected from the same region in which they were determined to have originated (for Snook, 36 out of 55 = 65%; for Red Drum, 58 out of 78 = 74%), indicating some level of site fidelity to juvenile habitat areas. The use of otolith elemental profiling to reconstruct specific environmental and physiological experiences has the potential to provide unique insights regarding the life histories of Snook, a species with unpredictable spawning and movement characteristics. Otoliths from Snook maintained in captivity at the Mote Aquaculture Park (MAP) were analyzed to elucidate the degree to which various factors, including otolith growth (macrostructure features), spawning events, handling stress, and salinity influence otolith chemistry. Cross-correlation analyses of otolith elemental profiles and quantified macrostructure features (including annuli and checks) demonstrated that interpretations of elemental patterns should not be confounded by changes associated with otolith crystallography. An elemental marker for known spawning events was not identified (ANOVA spawners vs. non-spawners, p>0.05); however, because the physiological costs and alterations in blood chemistry associated with gonadal maturation (rather than the singular act of spawning) could affect otolith chemistry, additional studies which more thoroughly track maturation stages may be able to identify a suite of elements that can be used to discern the reproductive histories of Snook. Significantly elevated Zn:Ca (ANOVA: F=5.64, p=0.012) and decreased Fe:Ca (ANOVA: F=25.02, p Continuous life history Ba:Ca and Sr:Ca profiles of 56 wild Snook collected from throughout Tampa Bay revealed significant plasticity in the types of juvenile habitats settled, as well as in the timing of ontogenetic movements from these habitats. Of the profiles examined, 55% exhibited otolith core signatures characterized by an opposing Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca pattern, followed by an inverted pattern, providing an indicator of the movement of larvae from high salinity, pre-settlement environments into mesohaline, tidally-influenced juvenile habitats. In contrast, nearly half (45%) the Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca profiles indicated settlement in higher salinity environments, suggesting a high degree of habitat plasticity for juveniles of this species. For fish that settled into mesohaline habitats, decreases in Ba:Ca and/or increases in Sr:Ca over the first several years of life signaled the ontogenetic transition out of the juvenile habitat, with the timing of emergence ranging from within the first year to age-3. Because conditions during early life may propagate into divergent behaviors in subsequent life stages, information on the experiences of early life and juvenile stages could help to inform whether the occupation of different juvenile habitat types, or the precocious or delayed emergence from those habitats, explain the peculiar spawning and movement habits that occur in this species.

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Grisolia, Luíza Moreira. "Fórum de saúde e produção do comum: o caso de um fórum da rede de atenção psicossocial do Município de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20509.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present study proposes to analyze the health forum as a device for the creation of healthcare networks, in conjunction with the idea of production of the commons, hereby understood, alike with Espinosa, as everything that results from the gathering of people who establish multiple and equivalent mannerisms and whose effect is the increase of potential in each one. The health forums are organizational arrangements that bring together health professionals from different departments to debate and negotiate strategies for building Brazil’s publicly funded healthcare system (SUS), as well as critical analysis of health practices within itself and joint networks. By setting itself up as a border place in public policy, the aforementioned instrument, bears the potential to promote democratic ways of doing / thinking about health. The research was conducted from observant participation in a health forum in the Northern Zone of São Paulo, Brazil, with the sole purpose of analyzing how the sociability experimentation, the production of the commons and the collective construction of creative strategies operate inside the device. The main theme of the discussion forum is the Psychosocial Attention Network, which aims to create links between the basic healthcare devices, mental health, hospitals, amongst other areas beyond the healthcare network. All the collected material (themes, dialogues, affections) has been kept in a field diary, highlighting the concrete ways of establishing relationships in this collective space. The said material has been analyzed from the institutional review perspective, in the form of themes and critical events. It has been later presented in the form of construe scenes, emphasizing the affections and power relations which surround the attendants. Based on the theoretical recovery of network concepts and the production of the commons, and with the assistance of authors such as Espinosa, Negri and Teixeira, we speculate the place of the health forum in the framing of SUS. We also indicate the forum as a boundary between the inside and the outside, the public and the private, a place of displacement of senses, in which it is possible to identify community areas which provide creative solutions for the healthcare creation
O presente estudo propõe analisar o fórum de saúde como um dispositivo de construção das redes de saúde, em diálogo com a noção de produção do comum, aqui entendida, com Espinosa, como tudo aquilo que se produz no encontro entre pessoas que estabelecem formas múltiplas e mútuas de afetação e cujo efeito é o aumento de potência de cada um. Os fóruns de saúde são arranjos organizativos que reúnem profissionais de saúde de diferentes serviços para o debate e negociação de estratégias de construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), de análise crítica das práticas de saúde e de articulação de redes. Tal dispositivo, por se configurar como um lugar de fronteira na política pública, carrega a potência de produzir modos democráticos de fazer/pensar saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da participação observante em um fórum de saúde da Zona Norte do município de São Paulo, com o objetivo de analisar como opera no espaço do Fórum a experimentação de sociabilidade, a produção do comum e a construção coletiva de estratégias criativas. A temática do fórum é a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, que visa a articulação de redes entre equipamentos da atenção básica, saúde mental, hospitais e outros setores para além da saúde. O material colhido (temas, diálogos, afetos) foi registrado em diário de campo, destacando os modos concretos de relação que se estabelecem neste espaço coletivo. O material foi analisado na perspectiva da análise institucional, na forma de eixos temáticos e de eventos críticos. Posteriormente, foi apresentado na forma de cenas analisadoras, evidenciando as afetações e relações de poder que circulam entre os participantes. A partir da retomada teórica dos conceitos de rede e de produção do comum, com aportes de autores como Espinosa, Negri e Teixeira, refletimos sobre o lugar do fórum de saúde na construção do SUS. Apontamos para o fórum como lugar de fronteira entre o dentro e o fora, entre o público e o privado, lugar de deslocamento de sentidos, nos quais é possível identificar zonas de comunidade que propiciam soluções criativas para a construção do cuidado em saúde

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Reis, Geovana. "A gestão do currículo escolar da rede municipal de ensino de Goiânia: entre "obrigações" curriculares e práticas "autônomas"." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5124.

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This work is linked to the State Research Line, Politics and History Education program of the Universidade Federal de Goiás Post-graduate School o f Education. The purpose of this research is to analyze and understand how the curriculum management by teachers of the Goiânia Municipal Education System (RME) is performed. The study starts from the concept of curriculum discussion, trying to observe its historical development, complexity and contained polysemy, approach the curriculum management from mediations suffered by theories and policies. They can be prepared in different spaces / instances, by different agents, be embodied in official documents, standards or laws, books and also in teaching practice. Thus, the curriculum management is understood in this paper as conformation given by teachers to what and how to teach, considering the curricular sources variety for the concrete reality of their classrooms. It is important to emphasize that both theories as the curriculum policies, contain elements that can interfere in curriculum management performed by teachers and therefore, this thesis sought working these three concepts: Curriculum theory, curriculum policies and curriculum management. It was found that, despite regulations that curriculum policy may provide the curriculum management, this, has taken place autonomously and for its achievement, teachers have used a variety of research sources, since those from the oficial curriculum policies (national and local) to the unofficial (textbooks and books, web sites, etc.), adapting them to the reality of their classrooms, and eventually resorting to curricular theories according to their immediate needs. Therefore, the curriculum management undertaken by the Goiania RME teachers seems to be the result of the official curriculum interference, proposals or curriculum guidelines, educational materials and many other sources, all mediated by the pedagogical habitus of each teacher.
O presente trabalho vincula-se à Linha de Pesquisa Estado, Políticas e História da Educação do Programa de Pós-graduação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. O propósito da pesquisa é buscar compreender e analisar como se realiza a gestão do currículo por professores da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Goiânia (RME). Com esse objetivo, o estudo parte da discussão do conceito de currículo, procurando observar seu desenvolvimento histórico, sua complexidade e a polissemia nele atualmente contida, além de abordar a gestão do currículo a partir das mediações sofridas pelas teorias e políticas curriculares. Currículos podem ser elaborados em diferentes espaços/instâncias, por distintos agentes, e podem ser materializados em documentos oficiais, normas ou legislações, materiais didáticos e, também, na prática docente. Assim, a gestão do currículo é entendida, neste trabalho, como a conformação dada pelos professores ao que e ao como ensinar, considerando variedades de fontes curriculares para a realidade concreta de suas salas de aula. Importante é ressaltar que, tanto as teorias quanto as políticas curriculares contêm elementos que podem interferir na gestão do currículo realizada pelos professores e, por isso, esta tese buscou trabalhar de forma articulada esses três conceitos: teorias de currículo, politicas curriculares e gestão do currículo. Este trabalho é um estudo de caso ampliado, no qual se estudaram as percepções e visões dos professores da RME de Goiânia acerca da gestão do currículo, desenvolvendo uma pesquisa aplicada de base mista, ou seja, qualiquantitativa. A pesquisa utilizou-se de uma amostragem composta por 99 professores das cinco Regionais de ensino da RME de Goiânia, lotados em dez escolas que ofereciam os três Ciclos do Ensino Fundamental. Os critérios para a seleção dos sujeitos foram: ser professor do quadro efetivo da RME e concordar em responder ao questionário, assinando o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE). Constatou-se que, apesar das regulações que a política curricular possa conferir à gestão do currículo, esta tem ocorrido de forma relativamente autônoma e que, para sua realização, os professores têm utilizado uma variedade de fontes de pesquisa, desde as oriundas das políticas curriculares oficiais (nacionais e locais) até às não oficiais (livros didáticos e paradidáticos, sites da web, entre outros), adaptando-as à realidade de suas salas de aula, além de recorrerem eventualmente às teorias curriculares conforme suas necessidades imediatas. Portanto, a gestão do currículo empreendida pelos professores da RME de Goiânia é o resultado da interferência do currículo oficial, de propostas ou parâmetros curriculares, de materiais didáticos e de muitas outras fontes, todas elas mediadas pelo habitus pedagógico de cada docente.

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Tsutsumi, Marie. "Uso do Senso Comum na detecção de diferenças culturais no contexto do Projeto OpenMind CommonSense no Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/345.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Knowing what is specific about each culture would be helpful to perform cross cultural communication, because different cultures have different notions of how to begin and develop conversations. Due theses difficulties in differences in cultural norms, we are working to provide to computers this knowledge, since computer environment can allow communication across distance and across cultures. In order to provide to computers cross cultural knowledge, we have collected large knowledge bases representing Common Sense knowledge because we believe that Common Sense knowledge can give some guidelines about different cultures. In our research, we have used bases containing sentences describing common sense knowledge of people and everyday activities, beliefs and values collected from volunteer Web contributors. Furthermore, we describe experiences with these knowledge bases, and we are proposing software which automatically searches for cultural differences related to eating habits, alerting the user to potential differences among cultures. In this way, we hope that our work will contribute to software that takes better account of such differences, and fosters inter-cultural collaboration
Conhecer características específicas de cada cultura pode ser de grande utilidade na realização da comunicação intercultural, pois culturas diferentes têm noções distintas de como começar e como desenvolver uma conversa. Com o intuito de ajudar as pessoas a lidar com essas diferenças em relação às normas culturais, têm-se trabalhado para que os computadores disponibilizem tal conhecimento, já que um ambiente computacional é um recurso bastante utilizado na comunicação entre pessoas distantes e de culturas diferentes. Para que os computadores possam fornecer esse tipo de informação, têm sido coletadas grandes bases de conhecimento para representar o conhecimento de senso comum, pois, acredita-se que esse conhecimento de senso comum pode dar algumas diretrizes sobre as diferenças. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas algumas bases de conhecimento contendo sentenças que descrevem o senso comum das pessoas e suas atividades diárias, crenças e valores, obtidas através da Web de colaboradores voluntários. Além disso, são descritas experiências que utilizam essas bases de conhecimento, e são propostas aplicações computacionais que fazem buscas de características culturais relacionados aos hábitos alimentares para alertar os usuários sobre as possíveis diferenças entre as culturas. Desta forma, espera-se que o trabalho contribua para que os softwares possam analisar tais diferenças e também estimular a colaboração intercultural.

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Thunberg, Sofia. "Can You Read My Mind? : A Participatory Design Study of How a Humanoid Robot Can Communicate Its Intent and Awareness." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158033.

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Communication between humans and interactive robots will benefit if people have a clear mental model of the robots' intent and awareness. The aim with this thesis was to investigate how human-robot interaction is affected by manipulation of social cues on the robot. The research questions were: How do social cues affect mental models of the Pepper robot, and how can a participatory design method be used for investigating how the Pepper robot could communicate intent and awareness? The hypothesis for the second question was that nonverbal cues would be preferred over verbal cues. An existing standard platform was used, Softbank's Pepper, as well as state-of-the-art tasks from the RoboCup@Home challenge. The rule book and observations from the 2018 competition were thematically coded and the themes created eight scenarios. A participatory design method called PICTIVE was used in a design study, where five student participants went through three phases, label, sketch and interview, to create a design for how the robot should communicate intent and awareness. The use of PICTIVE was a suitable way to extract a lot of design ideas. However, not all scenarios were optimal for the task. The design study confirmed the use of mediating physical attributes to alter the mental model of a humanoid robot to reach common ground. Further, it did not confirm the hypothesis that nonverbal cues would be preferred over verbal cues, though it did show that verbal cues would not be enough. This, however, needs to be further tested in live interactions.

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Luz, Lucas Henrique da. "Estratégia emergente na lógica da multidão: uma abordagem a partir de iniciativas da multidão, do comum e da Teoria Ator-Rede." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5889.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
As mudanças na sociedade e no ambiente organizacional têm ensejado diferentes formas de se pensar a estratégia ao longo do tempo. Nesse sentido, a presente tese busca analisar como o contexto de interação, conectividade e cooperação favorece ou não a adoção de estratégia emergente na lógica da multidão, com aportes metodológicos da Teoria Ator-Rede (ANT). Para tanto, realiza-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem exploratória, analisando-se dois casos – O Espaço Comum Luiz Estrela (ECLE) e o Movimiento 15 de Mayo (15M) – que atuam em ambientes marcados pelas características citadas. Pode-se concluir que o estrategizar dos casos estudados assume lógicas da multidão, caracterizando-se por serem emergentes, auto-organizados, fruto das interações entre os praticantes humanos (singularidades) e não humanos, legitimando-se em forma de espiral e tendo governança enquanto abertura. É um estrategizar marcado pelo uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação e pela participação mais direta, onde as interações e agências ocorrem por meio das diferenças e do comum, numa perspectiva de uno pelo múltiplo – agências e interações na lógica da multidão. São características que não constituem um modelo, mas uma lógica de estrategizar e que assumem formatos diferentes nos casos estudados. Conclui-se ainda que as inspirações metodológicas da ANT, tais como olhar a realidade de forma não essencialista, numa lógica performativa, valorizando as diferenças e considerando a atuação dos atores humanos e não humanos são adequadas para o estudo dessa lógica de estratégia. Diante do exposto, afirma-se que a presente tese contribui para avançar teoricamente nas formas de se pensar as agências, as relações entre microações e macrocontexto, bem como no entendimento do mistério, da experimentação e das diferenças como potência estratégica. Avança também construindo uma estratégia na lógica da multidão, adequada a contextos complexos, próprios da realidade atual e sugerindo inspirações metodológicas para sua apreensão e análise. Por fim, permite às organizações estudadas uma melhor compreensão das suas práticas estratégicas e da sua potência.
Changes in the society and the organizational environment have given rise to different forms of thinking strategy over time. In this sense, the present dissertation seeks to analyze how the context of interaction, connectivity and cooperation favors or not the adoption of an emerging strategy in the logic of the crowd, with methodological contributions by the Actor-Network Theory (ANT). For this, we have conducted a qualitative research with an exploratory approach to analyzing two cases: Espaço Comum Luiz Estrela (ECLE) and Movimiento 15 de Mayo (15M), which act in environments marked by such characteristics. We conclude that the strategizing of the cases studied assumes a logic of crowd for being emerging and self-organized, a result of interactions between the human and non-human practitioners (singularities), legitimizing themselves in the form of a spiral and having governance as openness. It is a strategizing marked by the use of information and communication technologies and by a more direct participation, where interactions and agencies occur through the differences and the commons under a perspective of the uno through the multiple – agencies and interactions in the logic of the crowd. They are characteristics that do not constitute a model, but a logic of strategizing and take up different shapes in the cases studied. We also come to the conclusion that the methodological inspirations by the ANT, such as looking reality in a non-essentialistic way in a performative logic, valuing differences and considering the agency of human and non-human actors, are appropriate for the study of this strategy logic. Furthermore, we affirm that the present dissertation contributes to advancing theoretically in the forms of thinking the agencies, the relationships between micro-actions and micro-contexts, as well as to the understanding of the mystery, experimentation and differences as a strategic power. It also advances by building a strategy in the logic of the crowd suitable for complex contexts, typical of the current moment, and suggesting methodological inspirations for its apprehension and analysis. Finally, this study allows the organizations studied a better comprehension of their strategic practices and their power.

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Pérez, Jiménez Antonio. "Caracterización multimodal de filtros de red y equipos electrónicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9139.

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Un dels problemes més importants en la Compatibilitat Electromagnètica és el control de les interferències emeses i/o rebudes per un equip electrònic a través dels seus terminals d'alimentació monofàsica. Aquestes interferències es classifiquen en mode comú i mode diferencial. La manera més usual de mitigar-les és mitjançant la utilització de filtres de xarxa. Els mètodes actuals de disseny de filtres de xarxa tracten la mitigació d'aquest tipus d'interferències per separat: no tenen en compte que ambdós tipus de senyals (mode comú i diferencial) interaccionen entre sí i es transfereixen energia en qualsevol tipus d'asimetria originada pels equips electrònics o pels mateixos filtres. Aquest fet produeix freqüentment situacions inesperades: inefectivitat dels filtres de xarxa, aparició d'interferències en mode comú o diferencial inexplicables per la topologia dels circuits, selectivitat en freqüència del filtratge de les interferències, processos de radiació, etc. Aquest tipus de situacions poden ser analitzades i corregides a partir d'un anàlisi multimodal, que tingui en compte simultàniament el mode comú i el diferencial, i la seva interacció. El treball exposat aquí pretén:
- Desenvolupar sistemes de mesura multimodal per a equips electrònics i filtres de xarxa. Aquests sistemes han de tenir en compte tant el mode comú, com el diferencial, com la seva interacció, i han de millorar les prestacions dels sistemes de mesura normatius actuals.
- Trobar models equivalents des d'un punt de vista multimodal (tenint en compte simultàniament el mode comú, el diferencial i la seva interacció) tant d'equips electrònics com de filtres de xarxa.
- Desenvolupar una metodologia de predicció de les interferències conduïdes que l'equip electrònic subministra a la xarxa elèctrica a través del filtre de xarxa al qual es troba connectat a partir dels models multimodals equivalents proposats per a ambdós dispositius.
PARAULES CLAU: Compatibilitat electromagnètica, filtre de xarxa, equip electrònic, circuit equivalent, emissió conduïda, mode comú, mode diferencial, impedància d'entrada, paràmetres S.
Uno de los problemas más importantes en Compatibilidad Electromagnética es el control de las interferencias emitidas y/o recibidas por un equipo electrónico a través de sus terminales de alimentación monofásica. Estas interferencias se clasifican en modo común y modo diferencial. La manera más usual de mitigarlas es mediante el empleo de filtros de red. Los métodos actuales de diseño de filtros de red abordan la mitigación de este tipo de interferencias por separado: no tienen en cuenta que ambos tipos de señales (modo común y diferencial) interaccionan entre sí y se transfieren energía en cualquier tipo de asimetría originada por los equipos electrónicos o por los mismos filtros. Este hecho produce frecuentemente situaciones inesperadas: inefectividad de los filtros de red, aparición de interferencias en modo común o diferencial inexplicables por la topología de los circuitos, selectividad en frecuencia del filtrado de las interferencias, procesos de radiación, etc. Este tipo de situaciones pueden ser analizadas y corregidas a partir de un análisis multimodal, que tenga en cuenta simultáneamente el modo común y el diferencial, y su interacción. El trabajo aquí expuesto pretende:
- Desarrollar sistemas de medida multimodal para equipos electrónicos y filtros de red. Dichos sistemas deben tener en cuenta tanto el modo común, como el diferencial, como su interacción, y deben mejorar las prestaciones de los sistemas de medida normativos actuales.
- Hallar modelos equivalentes desde un punto de vista multimodal (teniendo en cuenta simultáneamente el modo común, el diferencial y su interacción) tanto de equipos electrónicos como de filtros de red.
- Desarrollar una metodología de predicción de las interferencias conducidas que el equipo electrónico suministra a la red eléctrica a través del filtro de red al cual está conectado a partir de los modelos multimodales equivalentes propuestos para ambos dispositivos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Compatibilidad electromagnética, filtro de red, equipo electrónico, circuito equivalente, emisión conducida, modo común, modo diferencial, impedancia de entrada, parámetros S.
One of the most important problems in EMC is the control of the common and differential mode interferences emitted or received by an electronic device through its single phase power-line cable. These interferences are mitigated using power-line filters. The present power-line filter methodologies treat separately the mitigation of this kind of interferences: they do not take into account that both modes interact and exchange energy at any kind of asymmetry originated by the devices connected to the power-line, or by the power-line filters themselves. This fact leads to unexpected situations: power-line filter infectivity, appearance of common and differential mode interferences not accountable by the circuit topology, frequency selectivity of the interferences, radiation processes, etc. This kind of situations can be analyzed and corrected using multimodal analysis, which takes into account at the same time the common mode, the differential mode and their interaction. This project aims to:
- Develop accurate multimodal measurement systems for both electronic devices and power-line network filters. They have to consider the common and differential modes, and their interaction, and have to improve the features of present normative measurement systems.
- Derive equivalent models from a multimodal point of view (taking into account simultaneously the common mode, the differential mode and their interaction) for both electronic devices and power-line filters.
- Develop a methodology for predicting the level of conducted emissions that an electronic device supplies to the power-line network through the power-line filter to which it is connected, using the equivalent multimodal models proposed for both devices.
KEYWORDS: Electromagnetic compatibility, power-line filter, electronic device, equivalent circuit, conducted emissions, common mode, differential mode, input impedance, S parameters.

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48

Seeman, Bradley Nelson. "The development of a Common Sense Realism historiography in American church history from 1955 to 1994 a study of the impact of Thomas Reid's epistemology on the historical methodology of contemporary evangelical historians, with reference to the thought of Professor George Marsden and Professor Mark Noll /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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49

George, Brian Patrick. "Experimental and Computational Modeling of Ultrasound Correlation Techniques." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1270663937.

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50

Condé, Lancine. "Trois essais sur la monnaie unique de la CEDEAO et les défis associés." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10400/document.

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Abstract:

Dans le contexte de la mondialisation, le projet d’émission d’une monnaie unique en Afrique de l’Ouest, initié par la CEDEAO en 1999, offre aux petites économies de la sous-Région de nouvelles opportunités. Le marché unique accroitrait la taille des marchés domestiques, favoriserait les économies d'échelle, simulerait la profitabilité des investissements et l’accroissement du Produit potentiel des économies. La présente Thèse étudie les implications associées à cette évolution monétaire projetée, dans la perspective des pays de la sous-Région qui conduisent actuellement une politique monétaire et de change autonome. Les résultats montrent que les économies de la CEDEAO ne sont pas synchrones, notamment par rapport à leur cycle de croissance. L’analyse des mésalignements établit que la non-Participation à une union monétaire ne protège pas contre les déséquilibres de change. Une participation de la Gambie, de la Guinée ou de la Sierra-Leone à l’UEMOA aurait été préférable, entre 1994 et 1999. Mais cet avantage se réduit ou disparaît à partir de 2000. Le bien-Être mesuré par la croissance du PIB ou par l’IDH n’est pas affecté par la participation à une zone ou à une union monétaire. Toutefois, une telle participation a un effet vigoureux, positif et significatif sur le bien-Être mesuré par la consommation par habitant. Globalement, malgré la faible synchronisation des économies, la participation à l’union monétaire en Afrique de l’Ouest est associée à un niveau de mésalignement équivalent ou plus faible que celui de la non-Participation, sauf pour le Ghana et le Nigéria. Mais une telle participation pourrait accroître la consommation par habitant. Le projet de monnaie unique de la CEDEAO est donc pertinent pour les économies de la ZMAO
The context of the globalization suggests that the project of a West African common currency launched by the ECOWAS commission in 1999 is a potential source of opportunities for the small economies of the sub-Region. The common market will increase the scale of their small domestic markets; facilitate the realization of the scale economies; enhance the profitability of the investments and improve the potential product of the economies. Thus, this thesis aims to analyse the effect of that monetary evolution planned for countries following an autonomous monetary and exchange policy in the West African sub-Region. The results show that the economies of the sub-Region are not symmetric, especially because of their growth cycles. The equilibrium exchange rate analyse proves that the non-Participation in the common currency does not shield the West African economies against the exchange rate misalignment for them. Especially a participation of Gambia, Guinea or Sierra-Leone in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) between 1994 and 1999 would have generated a lower exchange rate misalignment for them. But that effect decreases or disappears as for 2000. On another hand, the participation in a common currency or in a monetary area in Sub-Saharian Africa does not affect the welfare measured by growth or HDI. But, both the participation in the monetary area or in the common currency improves the welfare, measured by consumption by head, strongly and significantly. Ultimately the ECOWAS economies are not robustly symmetric. Relative to the misalignment of the exchange rate the non-Participation in the WAEMU is not better, except for Ghana and Nigeria. For all ECOWAS economies, the participation in a common currency or in a monetary area is better for their welfare, measured by the consumption by head. The ECOWAS common currency project is subsequently relevant for monetary union non-Participants economies of the sub-Region

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Common reed'

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