Relevant bibliographies by topics / Common reed

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Academic literature on the topic 'Common reed'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Common reed"

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Fukuoka, Shoji, Akihide Watanabe, Hiroshi Niida, and Kenji Sato. "The Bank-Protecting Functions of Common Reed and Ditch Reed." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 503 (1994): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1994.503_59.

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Repsa, E., E. Kronbergs, and M. Smits. "Compacting Mechanisms of Common Reed Particles." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.915.

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The paper present experimental investigation results of common reeds (Phragmites australis) particle compacting in closed die. Common reeds are important natural biomass resource in Latvia. Compacting of biomass is very complicated process for solid biofuel production and there are many factors influencing to this process. The quality parameters of compacted biomass are described by European countries standards for solid biofuel. Density is the most important quality parameter of biomass compacting. The paper present results of common reeds particles compacting mechanism in closed die. Maximum pressure 212 MPa had been achieved in compacting. For compacting process evaluation has been determined pressing energy and density of briquettes. The minimum of density 0.87 g cm-3 have briquettes with particle size 12 – 13 mm, but maximum density 1.03 – 1.04 g cm-3 two particle sizes < 0.5 mm and 32 – 33 mm briquettes. Maximum value of energy consumption for compacting (~172 kJ kg-1) has been obtained for reed particle size 32 – 33 mm, minimum value (~53 kJ kg-1) for particle size less than 0.5 mm.
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Gaberščik, Alenka, Mateja Grašič, Dragan Abram, and Igor Zelnik. "Water Level Fluctuations and Air Temperatures Affect Common Reed Habitus and Productivity in an Intermittent Wetland Ecosystem." Water 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 2806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102806.

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Lake Cerknica is an intermittent wetland ecosystem with extreme water level fluctuations. It hosts extensive reed stands that have colonized different habitat types. Two different stands were compared: a lake stand not directly influenced by the intermittent River Stržen and a riparian stand near River Stržen. Reed productivity (growth and assimilate allocation) was monitored for these reed stand types over 13 years (2007–2019), and this measurement was compared to monthly water levels and air temperatures. Reeds from the lake reed stand were significantly shorter with a lower shoot density, overall biomass production, and ratio of flowering plants. A correlation analysis revealed stronger and more numerous significant correlations between environmental and reed productivity parameters for the lake reed stand compared to the riparian reed stand. The variabilities of the growth and assimilate allocation parameters in the lake reed stand were both mostly explained by the combined water levels for June and July, which explained 47% and 52% of the variability, respectively. The most influential temperatures were in May, which explained 29% and 19% of the variability of growth and assimilate allocation parameters, respectively. For the riparian reed stand, water levels and temperatures out of the vegetation season appeared more important. Therefore, habitats with permanent water are more suitable for reeds than those with fluctuating water. However, fluctuating water conditions are expected to become more common due to climate change.
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Den Hartog, C., J. Květ, and H. Sukopp. "Reed. A common species in decline." Aquatic Botany 35, no. 1 (September 1989): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(89)90062-4.

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Zhang, Liwen, Lin Chen, Feng Lu, Ziting Liu, Siqun Lan, and Guangxuan Han. "Differentially expressed genes related to oxidoreductase activity and glutathione metabolism underlying the adaptation of Phragmites australis from the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta, China." PeerJ 8 (October 2, 2020): e10024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10024.

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The common reed (Phragmites australis) is a dominant species in the coastal wetlands of the Chinese Yellow River Delta, where it tolerates a wide range of salinity. Recent environmental changes have led to the increase of soil salinity in this region, which has degraded much of the local vegetation. Clones of common reeds from the tidal marsh may have adapted to local high salinity habitat through selection on genes and metabolic pathways conferring salt tolerance. This study aims to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in the tidal reed by comparing them to the salt-sensitive freshwater reed under salt stress. We employed comparative transcriptomics to reveal the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two types of common reeds under different salinity conditions. The results showed that only three co-expressed genes were up-regulated and one co-expressed gene was down-regulated between the two reed types. On the other hand, 1,371 DEGs were exclusively up-regulated and 285 DEGs were exclusively down-regulated in the tidal reed compared to the control, while 115 DEGs were exclusively up-regulated and 118 DEGs were exclusively down-regulated in the freshwater reed compared to the control. From the pattern of enrichment of transcripts involved in salinity response, the tidal reed was more active and efficient in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the freshwater reed, with the tidal reed showing significantly higher gene expression in oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, when the reeds were exposed to salt stress, transcripts encoding glutathione metabolism were up-regulated in the tidal reed but not in the freshwater reed. DEGs related to encoding glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and L-ascorbate peroxidase (LAP) were revealed as especially highly differentially regulated and therefore represented candidate genes that could be cloned into plants to improve salt tolerance. Overall, more genes were up-regulated in the tidal reed than in the freshwater reed from the Yellow River Delta when under salt stress. The tidal reed efficiently resisted salt stress by up-regulating genes encoding for oxidoreductase activity and glutathione metabolism. We suggest that this type of common reed could be extremely useful in the ecological restoration of degraded, high salinity coastal wetlands in priority.
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Derr, Jeffrey F. "Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Response to Mowing and Herbicide Application." Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 1 (January 2008): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-07-001.1.

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AbstractCommon reed is an invasive species that has overtaken wetland habitats in the eastern United States and can spread into roadsides, turf, and ornamental sites. The postemergence grass herbicides used in nursery crops and turf, clethodim, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, and sethoxydim, did not control common reed. Dithiopyr, MSMA, and quinclorac also did not control this weed. Glyphosate applied at 2.24 kg ai/ha (2.0 lb ai/ac) was more effective in preventing regrowth of common reed than glufosinate at 1.12 kg/ha (1.0 lb ai/ac). Mowing every 2, 4, or 8 wk controlled common reed 93, 81, and 69%, respectively, by the end of the growing season, but only reduced regrowth by approximately 55% the following May. Applying glyphosate at 2% v/v either 1 mo after a mowing or 2 wk prior to mowing reduced common reed regrowth the following May by approximately 90%. Applying glyphosate without mowing provided similar common reed control the following spring compared to glyphosate combined with a single mowing. Common reed regrew in all treated plots 1 yr after study initiation, indicating that control treatments must be repeated if common reed is to be eradicated from a site.
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Flores, J. A., J. J. Pastor, A. Martinez-Gabarron, F. J. Gimeno-Blanes, and M. J. Frutos. "Pressure Impact on Common Reed Particleboards Manufacturing Procedure." Systems Engineering Procedia 1 (2011): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sepro.2011.08.072.

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Derr, Jeffrey F. "Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Response to Postemergence Herbicides." Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 2 (April 2008): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-07-016.1.

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Risén, Emma, Erik Gregeby, Olena Tatarchenko, Eva Blidberg, Maria E. Malmström, Ulrika Welander, and Fredrik Gröndahl. "Assessment of biomethane production from maritime common reed." Journal of Cleaner Production 53 (August 2013): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.030.

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Brisson, Jacques, Sylvie de Blois, and Claude Lavoie. "Roadside as Invasion Pathway for Common Reed (Phragmites australis)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-050.1.

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AbstractThe rapid progression of an invasive genotype of common reed along roads and other linear infrastructures in North America provides one of the most spectacular examples of the role of transportation corridors as invasion pathways. In this paper, we discuss ecological patterns and processes in roadside habitats important for understanding the invasion dynamics of common reed from coastal areas inland. Frequent disturbances in roadsides combined with potentially high levels of nutrients from adjacent land and stress conditions (from deicing salt and other pollutants) mimic the conditions unfortunately found more and more in natural wetlands. The novel contribution of roads is the creation of linear wetlands with an unprecedented level of connectivity. Genetic evidence shows that invasion inland coincides with the intensification of the road network. Time series analysis of remote sensing data reveals impressive rates of invasion of roadsides and other linear infrastructures, suggesting prime conditions for common reed in these novel habitats. Whereas reed dispersal along roads was thought to be largely due to rhizome transport, new evidence suggests a significant contribution of sexual reproduction and seedling establishment, likely enhanced by climate warming at northern latitudes. There is little evidence that other wetland plants can slow down vegetative expansion of common reed in roadside habitats, but plant cover could prevent seedling establishment and shading by shrubs and trees limit lateral clonal expansion. The fact that common reed possibly provides water treatment and other ecosystem services in roadsides must be carefully weighed against the threat to biodiversity in natural systems. All this begs for investigating urgently if, where, and how we should intervene without compromising the great value of wetlands of conservation interest intersected by roads.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Common reed"

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Denis, Jean-François. "Invasion dynamics of exotic and native common reed in fresh water wetlands." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103760.

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Genetic analyses at the regional scale suggest that native haplotypes of common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) have been displaced by an introduced Eurasian haplotype (M). However, the outcomes of competitive interactions at the population level between these closely related plants are unknown, especially in freshwater wetlands. The research objective was to assess and compare the spatial and temporal dynamics of the exotic (M) and native (F) haplotypes in freshwater wetlands. Specifically, the expansion patterns of each haplotype (1) into adjacent plant communities, and (2) at the intersection between exotic and native populations, were monitored for three years in permanent plots in the Lake St-Francois National Wildlife Area, Quebec, Canada. Results showed that both haplotypes were progressing, but the densification rate of the exotic haplotype was higher, suggesting greater impact on invaded plant communities. Contrary to expectations, there was no clear evidence after three years that the exotic haplotype was displacing the native haplotype where they intersected. Keywords: biological invasion, plant competition, community dynamics, conservation area, wildlife reserve, wetland, Phragmites australis.
Des analyses génétiques à l'échelle du paysage indiquent que les haplotypes indigènes du roseau commun (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) sont menacés par un haplotype européen introduit. Cependant, les interactions compétitives entre les haplotypes introduit et indigène sont peu documentées à l'échelle des populations, en particulier dans les milieux humides d'eau douce. L'objectif du projet était d'évaluer la dynamique spatiale et temporelle des haplotypes exotique (M) et indigène (F) en milieu humide d'eau douce. Spécifiquement, l'expansion des haplotypes (1) dans les communautés végétales adjacentes, ainsi qu'à (2) la zone de contact entre des populations indigènes et exotiques, a été évaluée dans des placettes de surveillance dans la Réserve de Faune du Lac St-François, Québec, Canada. Les résultats indiquent que les deux haplotypes progressent dans les communautés adjacentes, l'exotique se densifiant cependant plus rapidement que l'indigène ce qui suggère un impact plus grand sur les communautés végétales envahies. Cependant, il n'y a pas d'évidence claire après trois ans que le roseau indigène soit déplacé par le roseau exotique aux zones de contact. Mots-clés: invasion biologique, compétition végétale, dynamique des communautés, aires protégées, réserve de faune, milieu humide, Phragmites australis.
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Güsewell, Sabine. "Evaluation and management of fen meadows invaded by common reed (Phragmites australis) /." Zürich, 1997. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12428.

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Boar, R. R. "Aspects of the ecology of the common reed, Phragmites australis in the Norfolk Broadland." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380975.

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Lin, Shaojie. "Wetland biomass - Chemical benefits and problems with biogas usage." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18113.

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Constructed wetlands are largely used for water treatment both in agricultural land and for treating water from municipal and industrial waste. These wetlands need to be managed in order to work properly. How to deal with the large amount of vegetation harvested in the wetlands has withdrawn a great concern. The application of using wetland biomass as the co-substrates in anaerobic digestion was studied in this project. Plant materials, mostly Phragmites australis (common reed) from three different wetlands were used as raw material to produce biogas. The methane production using reed material harvested from municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater and an agricultural wetland are 66, 106, 144 ml/g VS respectively, which were lower than the suggested number 180ml/g VS. The gas potential remains a lot to be improved such as harvesting at summer to reduce the lignin content and changing the co-digestion mixing level to adjust to the optimal C/N ratio. Chemical analyses were performed concerning the gas yield and the residue quality. The digested residues showed a low concentration of cadmium, providing a non-toxic possibility to be spread on farm land as fertilizers, and closing the nutrient circle from land into water and back to land again. Pretreatments in the biogas process are usually focusing on the reduction of the lignocellulosic content in the raw material. Assessment of costs and benefits is needed for using wetland reed in the biogas production and applying any pretreatment methods.
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Back, Christina L. "Effects of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Invasion and Glyphosate and Imazapyr Herbicide Application on Gastropod and Epiphyton Communities in Sheldon Marsh Nature Reserve." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275331237.

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Köbbing, Jan Felix [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of the utilization of common reed (Phragmites australis) for local livelihood, biomass production and wetland restoration in Inner Mongolia, China. / Jan Felix Köbbing." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1081098236/34.

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Powell, Paula Angele. "The effects of hydrology and nutrient inputs at South Milton Ley on the ecology of the common reed Phragmites australis (Cav. Trin. ex Steudal)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2061.

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South Milton Ley is a small coastal wetland in Southern England. A sand-bar forms periodically at its seaward end and separates fresh water from the sea. The common reed Phragmites australis dominates the wetland and when a sand bar is present a shallow freshwater lake forms. Monthly water budgets were prepared for the years 1994, 1995 and 1996 and intermittent flooding of the Ley was also monitored. This information was used to calculate a range of residence times (between one hour and eleven days) and the characteristics of various flow regimes when the sandbar, which dams the Ley, is open or closed. Reed growth and the lake's ecology are potentially influenced by effluent from a sewage treatment works (STW) that discharges into the wetland. Water chemistry and hydrology of the wetland have been studied alongside experiments to investigate any effects of nutrient enrichment from the STW on reed growth. Inflowing and outflowing waters were analysed in order to determine concentrations of total oxidised nitrogen (TON), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and potassium (K). Over the study period the annual load of SRP to the Ley increased from 3.65 gmˉ² aˉ¹ in 1992 to 8.1 gmˉ² aˉ¹ in 1996. TON load rose from 69.35 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1992 to 104.8 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1996. K fell from 97.3 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1994 to 96.4 g mˉ² aˉ¹ in 1996. The STW uses a Reedbed Treatment System (RBTS) to 'polish' its final effluent. The efficiency o f the RBTS was studied and during 1996 the efficiency rate for T ON was 20.9% and for SRP was 9.3%. Measurements of height, diameter, numbers of internodes, density and biomass of reeds collected from South Milton Ley were undertaken during August 1994 and 1995. Results of analyses for 1994 indicate that reeds were thinner and possessed fewer seedheads than those of 1995 but that density was greater. Reed fieldwork during 1994 found that height, diameter, numbers of internodes, biomass and number of seedheads were greater below the STW than above. During 1995 only seedhead production was greater below the outlet. The wettest area of the Ley contained reeds with greatest height and diameter. The driest area produced a higher density of reed growth. Laboratory experiments suggested that low N:K ratios and high P:K produced taller plants. Data from reed fieldwork together with results from hydrology and water chemistry studies were used in a statistical analysis in order to determine which, if any of these factors caused changes in reed growth. A conclusive link between water chemistry, hydrology and plant variables was not found. Correlation analysis for 1994 indicated that high concentrations of SRP and TON could produce thin reeds with low biomass. Analysis for 1995 suggested that elevated K values could produce a high density of short reeds. Water depth was found to have a significant effect (P < 0.001) on diameter. The key factors for reed decline (high water levels from spring to winter which can inhibit reed regeneration and increase residence times, increasing nutrient loads and changes in the ratio of N:P:K which could alter reed growth) are all present. At its present loading the Ley is nutrient rich and does not appear to be buffering wetland waters. After data analysis and fieldwork was completed a bloom of Oscillatoria sp.occurred at the seaward end of the Ley during August 1999. This, the first know occurrence of a bloom may be an indication that changes in the ecosystem of South Milton Ley are occurring. For the future, a programme of nutrient reduction, hydrological management and growing knowledge of wetland processes may prevent adverse changes.
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ABRANTES, Lorena Lemes Martins. "Tratamento de esgoto sanitário em sistemas alagados construídos utilizando Typha angustifolia e Phragmites australis." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/624.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lorena L M Abrantes.pdf: 4341681 bytes, checksum: 30126c561a517a7154d7108de137e004 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28
This study aimed to assess the efficiency of two vegetal species in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in constructed wetlands system. Specifically, it aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the species Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail) and Phragmites australis (common reed), in their possible combinations, in the treatment of the sanitary sewer, in a constructed wetlands system, of vertical subsuperficial flux, with two flux directions (ascendant and descendant), related to the attributes: organic material, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, turbidity, chlorides, hardness, electrical conductivity, solids and thermotolerant coliforms. The experiment was conducted in the Researching Station in Sewer Treatment with Plants RSSTP (UFG), located in the Sewer Treatment Station (STS) Samambaia, in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil. The experimental unit has twenty four modules, grouped sequences of two modules (initial and final modules). Raw sewage which comes from the initial part of the ETE facultative pond was pumped into the deep of the treatment initial modules, filled up with substrate layers (in the deep filled up with rocks category number 3, followed by rocks category number 1, washed sand, and again rocks category number 1) and planted with cattail or reed. After going up by the vegetated substrate (ascendant vertical flux) the sewer was drained and conducted to the final treatment modules equally filled up and vegetated with one of the species, although being applied in the surface and drained by the deep (vertical descendant flux). The tax of sewer application was of 80 L.m-2dia-1, corresponding to a treatment area of 2 m2 per inhabitant. A year after the system implementation, during the period of 6 months, sewer samples were collected after passing through the flux sequences, each one with the combination of the two vegetal species, for the evaluation of the sewer attributes and calculation of the efficiency in the treatment. The results were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS program), being used the tests F and the Tukey Kramer, considering 5% of probability. There were no meaningful differences in the efficiency of the treatments in the removal of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms, chlorides, hardness, dissolved total solids and volatile total solids. The cattail was more efficient in the apparent color removal and turbidity. The reed presented more efficiency in the total solids removal. The position of the plant in the module sequence did not influence the apparent color and turbidity removals. The reed in the final module increased the removal of the attributes total solids and fixed total solids. It´s possible to verify that the technology of sewer treatment by using plants is efficient, since the species cattail and reed in the adopted system, provided results with removals higher 60% for the of the attributes: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, apparent color, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate, thermotolerant coliforms and turbidity.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de duas espécies vegetais no tratamento do esgoto sanitário, em um sistema de alagados construídos. Especificamente, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência das espécies Typha angustifolia (Taboa) e Phragmites australis (Caniço), em suas combinações possíveis, no tratamento de esgoto sanitário, em um sistema de alagados construídos, de fluxo subsuperficial vertical, com dois sentidos de fluxo (ascendente e descendente), concernente aos atributos: matéria orgânica, cor aparente, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfato, turbidez, cloretos, dureza, condutividade elétrica, sólidos e coliformes termotolerantes. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação de Pesquisas em Tratamento de Esgotos com Plantas Eptep (UFG), localizada na Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE) Samambaia, em Goiânia, GO. A unidade experimental possui vinte quatro módulos, agrupados em sequências de dois módulos (módulos iniciais e finais). Esgoto sanitário bruto proveniente da parte inicial da lagoa facultativa da ETE foi bombeado no fundo de módulos iniciais de tratamento preenchidos com camadas sobrepostas de substrato (no fundo com brita número 3, na sequência brita número 1, areia lavada e novamente brita número 1) e plantados com taboa ou caniço. Após subir pelo substrato vegetado (fluxo vertical ascendente) o esgoto era drenado e conduzido aos módulos finais de tratamento, igualmente preenchidos e vegetados com uma das espécies, todavia sendo aplicado na superfície e drenado pelo fundo (fluxo vertical descendente). A taxa de aplicação de esgoto foi de 80 L.m-2dia-1, correspondendo a uma área de estação de tratamento de 2 m2 por habitante. Um ano após a implantação do sistema, por um período de seis meses, amostras do esgoto foram coletadas após passar pelas sequências de fluxo, cada uma com uma combinação das duas espécies vegetais, para avaliação dos teores de atributos do esgoto e cálculo da eficiência do tratamento. Os resultados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Analysis System (SAS), realizando-se os testes F e de Tukey Kramer, a 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferença significativa entre as eficiências dos tratamentos na remoção dos atributos: demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfatos, coliformes termotolerantes, cloretos, dureza, sólidos totais dissolvidos e sólidos totais voláteis. A taboa foi mais eficiente na remoção da cor aparente e da turbidez. Já o caniço apresentou uma eficiência maior na remoção de sólidos totais. A posição da planta na sequência de módulos não influenciou na remoção da cor aparente e da turbidez. O caniço no módulo final influenciou positivamente na remoção dos atributos sólidos totais e sólidos totais fixos. Verifica-se que a tecnologia de tratamento de esgoto por plantas é eficiente, uma vez que as espécies taboa e caniço no sistema de fluxo subsuperficial vertical ora adotado proporcionaram resultados com remoções superiores a 60% para os atributos demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, demanda química de oxigênio, cor aparente, nitrogênio amoniacal, fosfatos, coliformes termotolerantes e turbidez.
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Karlsson, Axel, and Pinthira Fagerström. "Blue Growth : Applications and properties of biochar made out of reed." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297368.

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The climate on earth keeps getting warmer where heat waves, eutrophication, rising sea levels, extreme weather like flooding, droughts and wildfires are an expanding problem. The focus of this bachelor thesis is to determine the potential of mitigating eutrophication and while contributing to blue growth by harvesting and make use of reeds like Phragmites australis and Arundo donax. Reeds have the ability to quickly absorb nutrients from aquatic environments and there are opportunities to use them as a feedstock for producing biochar to be potentially used in areas such as soil improvement, fodder additive and carbon sequestration. Additionally, optimal biochar properties for the observed applications gets analysed. The thesis is based on a systematic literature review and an interview with Niclas Anvret at the non-profit organisation “Race for the Baltic”.  Results show that biochar produced according to parameters such as heating rate, biomass species and especially, different temperatures, results in varied characteristics that change the biochar's adsorption abilities, nutrient retention, alkalinity, stability, surface area and porosity volume. The different applications of biochar are, however, not easily determined. This is because of the fact that certain biochar properties, that are prominent in entirely different pyrolysis conditions, could both be beneficial for the same application. Additionally, the different attributes sometimes influence each other which gives rise to unclear patterns affecting use potential. To overcome these issues, more research is needed to clarify the correlations between attributes of the biochar and to determine which characteristics of biochar are best suited for each application.  In terms of how large-scale harvesting of reed could affect the ecosystem is also unclear, there is not enough research regarding the question to be able to draw clear conclusions. The reasoning behind this is that there are knowledge gaps, geographical differences, different unit measuring and methodology. The potential for biochar in the coal market is high and the demand in Sweden has risen over the past couple of years. There is also interest in using biochar as a soil amendment, to make use of nutrient content as well as applying organic matter to soils to potentially achieve long-term carbon sequestration. However, the production cost of biochar out of reed is relatively expensive, and it cannot compete with coal or other fertilisers/soil amendments on the market, with feedstock management usually being the most expensive part of production. Lastly, there is currently no harvesting method that can measure the amount of reed that needs to be harvested to be able to produce biochar on a large scale.
Klimatet på jorden blir allt varmare och värmeböljor, övergödning, stigande havsnivåer, extrema väder som översvämningar, torka och bränder är ett stigande problem. Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka potentialen att mildra eutrofiering och samtidigt bidra till blå tillväxt genom att skörda - och använda sig av vass som Phragmites australis och Arundo donax. Vass har en framträdande förmåga att absorbera näringsämnen. Det finns därför möjligheter att använda dem som råvara för att producera biokol som potentiellt kan användas i områden såsom jordförbättring, fodertillsatser och kolbindning. Utöver detta undersöks optimala egenskaper för biokol enligt de observerade applikationerna. Kandidatuppsatsen bygger på en systematisk litteraturstudie och en intervju med Niclas Anvret på den ideella organisationen ”Race for the Baltic”.  Resultaten indikerar att biokol, producerad i pyrolys enligt parametrar som uppvärmningshastighet, biomassa och i synnerhet olika temperaturer, resulterar i varierande egenskaper som förändrar biokolets absorptionsförmåga, bibehållande av näring, alkalinitet, stabilitet, ytarea och porositetsvolym. De olika tillämpningarna av biokol är emellertid svåra att avgöra på grund av vissa biokolegenskaper. Dessa egenskaper är framträdande under helt olika pyrolysförhållanden men kan samtidigt vara fördelaktiga för samma typ av applikation. Dessutom påverkar de olika attributen ibland varandra vilket ger upphov till komplexa trender som påverkar användningspotentialen. För att kunna dra tydliga slutsatser behövs mer forskning för att klargöra sambandet mellan biokolens attribut och för att bestämma vilken samling egenskaper hos biokol som passar bäst för varje applikation.  Hur storskalig skörd av vass kan påverka ekosystemet är fortfarande oklart. Det finns inte tillräckligt med forskning kring frågan för att kunna dra tydliga slutsatser. Detta beror på att det finns kunskapsluckor, geografiska skillnader, olika måttenheter och metoder för de studier som gjorts inom detta område. Potentialen för biokol på kolmarknaden är hög och efterfrågan i Sverige har ökat de senaste åren. Det finns också intresse för att använda biokol för jordförbättring, dels för att använda näringsinnehållet men också för att applicera biokol i jorden för att potentiellt uppnå långvarig kolbindning. Dock är produktionskostnaden för biokol gjort på vass mycket kostsam och kan därför inte konkurrera med fossilt kol eller andra gödselmedel jordförändringar på marknaden. Detta beror främst på råvaruhanteringen som är den dyraste delen av produktionen. Slutligen finns det för närvarande ingen skördemetod som kan mäta den mängd vass som behöver skördas för att kunna producera biokol i stor skala.
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Conway, Carol Leza, and n/a. "Oxic and anoxic transformations of leaf derived organic matter in freshwater systems." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060519.105559.

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In Australia, significant effort goes into reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering inland waters from point sources. However, little is known of the extent to which riparian organic matter may act as a source of these nutrients. Also, whilst the relationships between the nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles are broadly known, there is little quantitative data regarding the release of these elements from Australian riparian organic matter and their subsequent microbial mineralisation within aquatic environments. In particular, comparatively little is known of their comparative role in nutrient and organic matter cycling within anoxic zones, and the influence that different riparian organic matter may have on stream water quality. This lack of such data presently hampers the ability of water managers to make educated decisions regarding the management of riparian zones in Australia. In order to improve understanding in this area, a combination of laboratory and in situ experiments were carried out in order to compare the abiotic release and aerobic/ anaerobic mineralisation of leaf derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) under different environmental conditions. Four plants common to Australian riparian zones were investigated: two native species, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (gum) and Phragmites australis (common reed), and two exotic species, Salix babylonica (willow) and Lolium multiflorum (rye grass). After 30 days, formaldehyde inhibited 1g willow and rye grass extracts contained the most SRP (0.7 mg/L), whilst gum extracts contained 0.3 mg/L and common reed 0.1 mg/L of SRP.Willow and rye grass abiotically released twice as much NOx than gum and common reed, although concentrations were only between 0.05-0.1 mg/L. Gum and common reed released the most DOC per gram of leaf matter (14 and 12 mmol/g of leaf matter respectively), but based on the initial carbon content of each leaf type, the largest percentage contributor of DOC under abiotic conditions was common reed and rye grass (both 38% mass/mass), with gum (33% mass/mass) and willow (30% mass/mass) being smaller contributors. The most bioavailable DOC was released by rye grass and common reed, with between 83 and 94% of this DOC microbially mineralised after 30 days in oxic conditions. When conditions were not inhibited, microbial growth was evident almost immediately in willow, rye grass and common reed leaf extracts. However, microbial growth was suppressed for the first 48 hours in gum leaf extracts. After this suppression period, the rate of DOC mineralisation was equal in willow and gum leaf extracts (0.1 day-1). Under anoxic conditions, the rate and extent of DOC mineralisation of willow and gum leaves depended on the type of electron acceptor provided. Added nitrate and iron III enhanced the mineralisation of both willow and gum leaves relative to no terminal electron acceptors (from zero to 0.01-0.04 and 0.002- 0.004 moles/day respectively), but added sulphate only enhanced the mineralisation of gum leaves (0.04 moles/day). When no additional electron acceptors were provided, particulate leaf mineralisation was more extensive under oxic than anoxic conditions. However, the mineralisation of leaf derived DOC were the same regardless of oxygen availability, and after 35 days in either condition the percentage of leaf DOC mineralised for each leaf type was of the order common reed > rye grass > willow > gum. All the leaf types tested were able to sustain the caddis fly larvae Triplectides australis under controlled laboratory conditions, and survival rates were high using all four leaf types as a food source. Triplectides australis did not significantly increase the amount of DOC released from each type of leaf matter, but they did consistently increase the proportion of simple carbohydrates present within the DOC fraction. The results of these experiments suggest that changes to riparian vegetation, particularly from the native to exotic species used in this study, will inherently alter in-stream concentrations of dissolved carbon and nutrients (particularly SRP). This potentially will affect in-stream, hyporheic and subsurface processes, particularly in areas where surface water flow is low and riparian leaf inputs are high.
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Books on the topic "Common reed"

1

Cross, Diana Harding. Control of phragmites or common reed. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989.

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Boar, Rosalind R. Aspects of the ecology of the common reed, Phragmites australis, in the Norfolk Broadland. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1987.

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Abbott, Sarah L. Heavy metal phytotoxicity: The effects of lead on the common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1998.

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Ahmed, Hafiz, ed. Common reef fishes of the Maldives. Male, Maldives: Novelty Printers and Publishers, 1987.

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Charles, Anderson. Common reef fishes of the Maldives. Male, Maldives: Novelty Printers and Publishers, 1995.

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Prado, José Hernández. Sentido común y liberalismo filosófico: Una reflexión sobre el buen juicio a partir de Thomas Reid y sobre la sensatez liberal de José Maria Vigil y Antonio Caso. México, D.F: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 2002.

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Livi, Antonio. Il senso comune: Tra razionalismo e scetticismo : (Vico, Reid, Jacobi, Moore). Milano: Massimo, 1992.

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Thomas, Reid. Thomas Reid, an inquiry into the human mind: On the principles of common sense. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997.

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Thomas, Reid. Thomas Reid, an inquiry into the human mind: On the principles of common sense. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.

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Common sense and improvement: Thomas Reid as social theorist. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Common reed"

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Van Der Werff, M. "Common reed." In Tasks for vegetation science, 172–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0599-3_15.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Phragmites communis (Common reed)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 1848–49. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_700.

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Monteiro, A., I. Moreira, and E. Sousa. "Effect of prior common reed (Phragmites australis) cutting on herbicide efficacy." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 305–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_44.

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Mojiri, Amin, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Ramlah Bt Mohd Tajuddin, Shahin Gavanji, and Ali Gholami. "Heavy Metals Phytoremediation from Urban Waste Leachate by the Common Reed (Phragmites australis)." In Phytoremediation, 75–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10969-5_7.

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Moreira, I., A. Monteiro, and E. Sousa. "Chemical control of common reed (Phragmites australis) by foliar herbicides under different spray conditions." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 299–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_43.

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Augustin, J., U. Münchmeyer, and R. Russow. "Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen losses from flooded fen peat with and without reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) plants." In Plant Nutrition, 958–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_467.

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Nour, Abd El Aziz Mousa. "Plankton and Common Reed- A Potential Resource for Domestic Animals and Fish in Northern Delta Lakes of Egypt." In Science, Policy and Politics of Modern Agricultural System, 211–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7957-0_14.

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Lakatos, G., M. Kiss, and I. Mészáros. "Heavy metal content of common reed (Phragmites australis/Cay./Trin. ex Steudel) and its periphyton in Hungarian shallow standing waters." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 47–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_8.

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Shimony, Abner. "Comment on Reed." In Naturalistic Epistemology, 230–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3735-2_13.

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Galloway, Nicholas R., Winfried M. K. Amoaku, Peter H. Galloway, and Andrew C. Browning. "The Red Eye." In Common Eye Diseases and their Management, 65–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32869-0_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Common reed"

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Repsa, Edgars, and Eriks Kronbergs. "Common reed briquetting modeling." In 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2018.17.n063.

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Repsa, Edgars, and Eriks Kronbergs. "Common reed briquetting modeling with Working Model programme." In 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n442.

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Nulle, Imants, Aivars Kakitis, Olafs Vronskis, and Mareks Smits. "Cutting the common reed stalk while maintaining its cross-sectional shape." In 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2020.19.tf087.

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Casagrande, Richard. "How specific can you get? Is the common reed,Phragmites australis, an anomaly?" In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111130.

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"A Naive Bayes classifier for modeling distributions of the common reed in southern Finland." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.h3.altartouri.

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Du, Yingkun, Jing Wang, Yifan Lin, Zhengjun Liu, Haiying Yu, and Haiyan Yi. "Estimating the Aboveground Biomass of Phragmites Australis (Common Reed) Based on Multi-Source Data." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8517304.

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VESPERE, Anita, and Dina POPLUGA. "ASSESSMENT OF REED POTENTIAL FOR THERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.191.

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Global challenges such as increasing population density and climate changes are putting focus on such emerging issues as transition to a green economy and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Starting from 2021, activities in climate protection will be launched by the Paris Agreement, which provides not only for adapting to already occurring climate changes and reducing the expected effects but also promoting investment flows in a low carbon economy. In Latvia, one of the largest greenhouse gas emission sources is heat production from fossil fuel. Although biomass combustion generates about the same amount of carbon dioxide as fossil fuel, this is a friendlier source of energy because when it is restored, the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed. Currently the most commonly used renewable source for the generation of thermal energy is wood. In the present research a theoretical study is conducted to assess the possibility of using another type of biomass – reeds, which is a common resource available throughout the country and recovers quickly. The research results showed that reeds can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to firewood, but its efficient use should take into account the following factors: biomass with low humidity obtainable late in winter, the combustion process has a high ash level and before transporting, it should receive primary treatment to increase the bulk density and reduce transport costs. Reed as a separate fuel material is effective for solid fuel boilers, located close to the resource extraction site. An optimal use of this biomass source is possible in combination with other energy sources to produce pellets or briquettes.
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ERRICO, ALESSANDRO, GIUSEPPE FRANCESCO CESARE LAMA, SIMONA FRANCALANCI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA CHIRICO, LUCA SOLARI, and FEDERICO PRETI. "VALIDATION OF GLOBAL FLOW RESISTANCE MODELS IN TWO EXPERIMENTAL DRAINAGE CHANNELS COVERED BY PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS (COMMON REED)." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1215.

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Shevtsova, Natalie L., Dmitriy I. Gudkov, and Andrian A. Yavnyuk. "Some Aspects of Radioecological Monitoring of High Aquatic Plants From Water-Bodies Within the Chernobyl Accident Exclusion Zone." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16368.

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The impact analysis of low doses of ionizing radiation on the breathers in natural populations is an important part of radiobiological studies of non-human biota. The main aim of our studies was to investigate some cytogenetic, morphological and reproductive rates of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud.) from different water bodies within the Chernobyl accident exclusion zone. The absorbed dose rate for littoral emergent plants in sampling water bodies was varied from 1.3E−02 to 1.6E−01 Gy/h. The rate and main types of chromosome aberrations in roots meristems, morphological damages in seed germs, as well as rates of germinating ability and power were analyzed. There were registered rather low rate of germinating ability (14–48%) and germinating power (&lt;1) of seeds from all sampling water bodies with high levels of radioactive contamination in comparison to control ones. Against the general suppressed background the effect of relative stimulation of more affected seeds was observed. With increase of absorbed dose in range of 1.3E−02–1.6E−01 Gy/h the number of germinated seeds was increased. At the same time the number of morphological damages of seeds was increased as well. There was determined the positive correlation between absorbed dose rate and chromosome aberration rate in roots of the common reed from sampling water bodies. The highest rate of chromosome aberrations (up to 17%) were registered in plants with high level of morphological deviations in seeds germs. The data obtained from the complex analysis of natural populations of the common reed from the radioactive contaminated water bodies testify about rather high level of genetic efficiency of low doses of long-term exposure.
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Seibt, Tatjana. "Romantic Red Effect in the Attractiveness Perception." In The 3rd Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference. Publishing Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/hassacc.2015.3.1.186.

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Reports on the topic "Common reed"

1

Häfliger, Patrick, Carol Ellison, and Hariet Hinz. Investigations into biological control for common reed and flowering rush. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/33795.

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Christensen, Timothy P. Supplemental Enviromnentul Assessment for Control of Common Reed (Phragmites australis) at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Fort Eustis, Virginia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611307.

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Luintel, Harisharan. Do Forest Commons Contribute to International Environmental Initiatives? A Socio-Ecological Analysis of Nepalese Forest Commons in view of REDD+. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3082.

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Penney, Michael Q. The Red River War 1874-1875: Evidence of Operational Art and Mission Command. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611972.

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Gatchell, Charles J., and Charles J. Gatchell. No. 1 and No. 2 Common red oak yields: similar part sizes when gang-ripping is used to process boards with crook. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-636.

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Marti-Arbona, Ricardo. Scientist on the Flight Line Event DTRA CB and US Air Force Air Combat Command 823rd Red Horse Squadron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1459625.

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Martínez-Rolán, X., O. Tymoshchuka, T. Piñero-Otero, and D. Renó. Instagram como red de promoción e hipermediación del turismo rural: el caso de Aldeias Históricas. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2019-1401.

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S., Wertz-Kanounnikoff, Sitoe A., and Salomão A. Como o REDD+ está a emergir nas florestas secas da África Austral?: Um instantâneo de Moçambique. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003472.

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Fehey, Kristina, and Dustin Perkins. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2019 field season, Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286627.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From May 30 to June 1, 2019, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 119 patches of six priority IEP species along 34 kilometers of the two monitor-ing routes. There were more patches of IEPs, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified infestations have expanded and grown. The most common (47.1%) patch size among priority species was 1,000–2,000 m2 (0.25–0.5 acre). The vast majority (93.2%) of priority patches ranked either low (58.8%) or very low (34.4%) on the patch management index scale. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp., 72 patches) was the most prevalent priority IEP species. African mustard (Malcolmia africana, 32 patch-es), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, 9 patches), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angusti-folia, 3 patches) occurred less commonly. Together, these four species represented 97.5% of all patches recorded in 2019. Four IEP species were found on the monitored routes for the first time: Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), quackgrass (Elymus repens), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), and African mustard (Malcolmia africana, not on the priority species list before 2019). Cathedral Valley Road had higher IEP priority patches per kilometer (5.68) than the Scenic Drive (2.05). IEP species were found on 37.9% (25 of 66) of monitored transects. Almost all these detections were Russian thistle (Salsola sp.). Russian thistle was widespread, present in 33.3% of transects, with an estimated cover of 0.2% across all transects sampled. Across routes monitored in all three rotations (2012, 2015, and 2019), Russian thistle has increased in frequency. However, its frequency remained about the same from 2015 to 2019, and percent cover remains low. Tamarisk and field bindweed have both increased in preva-lence since monitoring began, with tamarisk showing a dramatic increase in the number and size of patches. Immediate control of tamarisk and these other species is recommended to reduce their numbers on these routes. The NCPN plans to Capitol Reef in 2020 to monitor Oak and Pleasant creeks, completing the third rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Urueña, Alberto. La sociedad en red: Transforación digital en España: Informe anual 2019. Observatorio Nacional de las Telecomunicaciones y la SI, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30923/1989-7424-2020.

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Se realiza un análisis exhaustivo de los principales temas e indicadores en el contexto de la Sociedad de la Información y las TIC durante el 2019(tanto los económicos como tecnológicos y de servicios), incluyendo un enfoque local referenciado a España y un enfoque a nivel mundial y europeo. Se contextualiza y compara los resultados españoles con el resto de los países.
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