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1
Xu, Z. H., X. A. Yin, and Z. F. Yang. "An optimisation approach for shallow lake restoration through macrophyte management." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): 2167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2167-2014.
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Abstract. Lake eutrophication is a serious global environmental issue. Phytoremediation is a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technology for water quality restoration. However, besides nutrient removal, macrophytes also deeply affect the hydrologic cycle of a lake system through evapotranspiration. Changes in hydrologic cycle caused by macrophytes have a great influence on lake water quality restoration. As a result of the two opposite effects of macrophytes on water quality restoration (i.e. an increase in macrophytes can increase nutrient removal and improve water quality while also increasing evapotranspiration, reducing water volume and consequently decreasing water quality), rational macrophyte control through planting and harvest is very important. In this study, a new approach is proposed to optimise the initial planting area and monthly harvest scheme of macrophytes for water quality restoration. The month-by-month effects of macrophyte management on lake water quality are considered. Baiyangdian Lake serves as a case study, using the common reed. It was found that water quality was closest to Grade III on the Chinese water quality scale when the reed planting area was 123 km2 (40% of the lake surface area) and most reeds would be harvested at the end of June. The optimisation approach proposed in this study will be a useful reference for lake restoration.
2
Xu, Z. H., X. A. Yin, and Z. F. Yang. "An optimisation approach for shallow lake restoration through macrophyte management." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2014): 807–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-807-2014.
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Abstract. Lake eutrophication is a serious global environmental issue. Phytoremediation is a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technology for water quality restoration. However, besides nutrient removal, macrophytes also deeply affect the hydrologic cycle of lake system through evapotranspiration. Changes in hydrologic cycle caused by macrophytes have a great influence on lake water quality restoration. As a result of the two opposite effects of macrophytes on water quality restoration (i.e. an increase in macrophytes can increase nutrient removal and improve water quality while also increasing evapotranspiration, reducing water volume and consequently decreasing water quality), rational macrophyte control through planting and harvest is very important. In this study, a new approach is proposed to optimise the initial planting area and monthly harvest scheme of macrophytes for water quality restoration. The month-by-month effects of macrophyte management on lake water quality are considered. Baiyangdian Lake serves as a case study, using the common reed. It was found that water quality was closest to Grade III on the Chinese water quality scale when the reed planting area was 123 km2 (40% of the lake surface area) and most reeds would be harvested at the end of June. The optimisation approach proposed in this study will be a useful reference for lake restoration.
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Cheng, Qijuan, Liangfang Li, Xuhui Dong, Yan Li, and Giri Kattel. "Plant Macrofossils Reveal Aquatic Macrophyte Successions of a Typical Shallow Lake (Huanggai Lake, China) in the Past Century." Plants 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111413.
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Aquatic macrophytes are one of the important biotic components of shallow lake ecosystems. Understanding the long-term evolution of the macrophyte community is crucial for lake management. Huanggai Lake, a typical shallow lake in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, was selected as the research site for this study. Based on 210Pb/137Cs dating, aquatic plant macrofossils were used to reconstruct the succession of aquatic macrophytes in the past century. Our results show that the lake maintained a consistent natural state before 1940, with a relatively low abundance of aquatic plants dominated by species such as Najas minor. From 1940 to 1974, human activities gradually intensified in the lake leading to the emergence of eutrophic species such as Potamogeton maackianus, along with the increasing abundance of other emergent and floating aquatic macrophytes. Since 1974, more pollution-resistant, emergent species such as Potamogeton maackianus and Potamogeton crispus have become dominant. The abundance of aquatic macrophytes reached its maximum in the early 1990s. Combined with macrofossil succession and other multiple sedimentary proxy analyses, driving mechanisms for aquatic macrophytes are discussed. Both the nearby Liangzi Lake and Huanggai Lake share many common features of aquatic plant evolution. This study is the first of its kind to use plant macrofossils (with identifiable images) as a proxy for aquatic macrophyte succession in a shallow Yangtze lake. In absence of long-term monitoring records, this study highlights the increased application of plant macrofossils for reconstructing the vegetation dynamics and restoration of degraded lakes exposed to severe anthropogenic impacts over the past century.
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Irimia-Hurdugan, Oriana. "The Economic and Ecological Potential of Macrophytic Vegetation in Urban Lakes." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0021.
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ABSTRACTThis paper considers certain elements relating to the ecological and economic importance of the aquatic macrophytes common in the Câmpia Română/Romanian Plain lakes, especially those species belonging to the genera Myriophyllum and Potamogeton, common in Bucharest’s urban lakes. At present, the macrophytes of the Bucharest lakes are collected by personnel of the Lakes, Parks and Leisure Administration of Bucharest by mechanised and manual methods, which are sun-dried and transported as waste and deposited in a landfill. Thus these macrophytes are merely generating costs through harvest, transport and storage, instead of being a direct revenue source for the City hall. This study presents a review of international literature in support of the economic potential as fertiliser for open field crop, orchard and garden crop application, as well as food for farm animals. The last portion of the paper argues the vital need for the preservation of macrophyte stands in the lacustrine habitat for green, sustainable and integrated management of the urban lakes used for leisure and fishing.
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Arya, Mohit, Anand Kumar Mishra, and Musadiq Hussain Bhat. "Macrophyte diversity and trophic status of Sakhya Sagar Lake, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.8.6.
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Aquatic habitats provide suitable environment for supporting survival of a diversity of aquatic life forms. The study was conducted in Sakhya Sagar Lake which is situated inside the Madhav National Park Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh. To assess the status and distribution of macrophytes, frequent trips were conducted in the study area. The plants were classified based on their habit and their presence was visually observed. A total of 16 plant species were recorded, of which 16 species, 5 species were sub-dominant, 6 species were common and 5 species were un-common. Among all the 16 plants 9 species are free floating, 4 species are submerged hydrophytes, 1 species is emergent type hydrophyte and 2 species are marginal hydrophytes. Aquatic macrophytes like Nymphaea nouchali, Nelumbo nucifera, Trapa natans, Ipomoea aquatica, Vallisnaria spiralis, Potamogeton crispus, and Azolla pinnata were recorded as the common plants of this lake. The trophic status and macrophyte diversity of Sakhya Sagar Lake has been discussed in the paper.
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Parkos III, Joseph J., Victor J. Santucci, Jr., and David H. Wahl. "Effects of adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on multiple trophic levels in shallow mesocosms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-011.
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We examined the effects of adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on shallow aquatic ecosystems and compared the effects with those of a native benthic fish, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Experimental ponds contained enclosures (0.06 ha) with a low carp biomass (174 kg·ha1), high carp biomass (476 kg·ha1), high catfish biomass (416 kg·ha1), and no fish. We measured abiotic factors (turbidity, suspended solids, total phosphorus), as well as effects on adjacent trophic levels (aquatic macrophytes, zooplankton, and aquatic macroinvertebrates) from July to September. Common carp was positively related to total phosphorus, turbidity, suspended solids, and zooplankton biomass, and negatively related to macrophyte and macroinvertebrate abundance. Suspended solids in the carp treatments consisted primarily of inorganic particles. Carp were either positively or negatively related to phytoplankton, depending on zooplankton abundance. A high biomass of carp had greater effect on nutrients, turbidity, and suspended solids than a low biomass. Channel catfish was positively related to total phosphorus concentrations and altered zooplankton composition, but did not affect turbidity, suspended solids, macroinvertebrates, and macrophytes. These results suggest that common carp have a stronger influence on water quality and aquatic community structure than benthic fish native to North America.
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Qiu, Xiaochang, Xueying Mei, Vladimir Razlutskij, Lars G. Rudstam, Zhengwen Liu, Chunfu Tong, and Xiufeng Zhang. "Effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on water quality in aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged plants: a mesocosm study." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019017.
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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been introduced into aquatic systems across the world, where their benthivorous feeding behavior has resulted in serious water quality problems. A 12-week mesocosm experiment was set up to test the hypotheses that common carp increase water column nutrient levels and decrease water clarity in aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged plants. Further, we tested whether the effect of common carp on macrophytes depended on the species of plants. Relative to the controls, the presence of carp decreased water clarity by increasing total suspended solids (TSS) and light attenuation. However, levels of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water column were reduced. No significant change in phytoplankton biomass (measured as chlorophyll a) and the biomass of Hydrilla verticillata was observed between common carp treatment mesocosms and controls, but the common carp did reduce the biomass of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata. We conclude that removal of common carp is likely to improve water clarity in aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged plants primarily by decreasing TSS and that the effect of common carp on macrophytes is stronger for the meadow forming Vallisneria than for the canopy forming Hydrilla.
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Zub, L. M., M. S. Prokopuk, and D. I. Gudkov. "Long-Term Observations over the Structure of Macrophyte Communities in Floodplain Water Bodies of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone." Hydrobiological Journal 59, no. 2 (2023): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v59.i2.30.
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The study is based on long-term observations (1998-2021) over the species richness and cenotic activity of macrophytes of floodplain water bodies of the Chornobyl exclusion zone. During this period, the species composition of macrophytes of the studied water bodies remained almost unchanged. The lists of species found in 1998 differ from those registered in 2021 only by three species, including <i>Nymphaea alba, Trapa natans</i> (registered only since 2007), and <i>Utricularia minor</i> (found only in 1998, whereas in subsequent years was not observed at all). In the studied water bodies, macrophytes are not diverse in their species composition; their cenotic structure is simple, whereas overgrowing intensity of water surface is high. The presence of rare species of the boreal complex, including primarily <i>Hottonia palustris, Potamogeton acutifolius</i>, and <i>Callitriche cophocarpa</i>, makes these water bodies objects of protection and research. In 1998, a common feature of the vegetation cover of all studied floodplain water bodies was a predominance of macrophyte communities, in which the species of river and lake ecosystems, as well as indicator species of increased water logging processes, were registered. At the present time, natural structure of macrophyte communities of floodplain water bodies of the Prypyat River, which was deteriorated as a result of the construction of flood-protection hydraulic structures, is gradually recovered. The peculiarities of the distribution of macrophytes at the present time are indicative of the improvement of water exchange in floodplain water bodies. The chronic ionizing radiation influencing the biota of the studied water bodies for more than 30 years did not result in significant changes in the floristic and cenotic composition of macrophytes. Certain changes are conditioned by changes in hydrological and hydrochemical regime of the floodplain of the Prypyat River.
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Ye, Jialiang, Yali Tang, Xiufeng Zhang, Ping Zhong, and Zhengwen Liu. "Omnivorous shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis enhances the growth of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019025.
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Lake eutrophication often causes declines and even losses of submerged macrophytes through the shading effects of increased periphyton and phytoplankton. The Chinese swamp shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis Kemp (Decapoda, Atyidae) is a common omnivore in Chinese lakes, where its presence may impact both periphyton and phytoplankton, with previously unstudied consequences for submerged macrophytes. Here, using a mesocosm experiment, we studied the effect of N. d. sinensis on periphyton, phytoplankton and the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata. Results showed that in the presence of N. d. sinensis, the biomass of periphyton on the leaves of V. denseserrulata was significantly reduced, and that growth rate of V. denseserrulata increased. The presence of N. d. sinensis also significantly increased the total phosphorus concentrations in the water column and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a). The enhanced growth of V. denseserrulata is likely to be linked to improved light harvesting due to the reduced periphyton attached to their leaf surface. The results suggest that stocking with Chinese swamp shrimps may enhance the development of macrophytes in eutrophic shallow lakes.
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Abdellah, Maissour, and Benamar Saad. "Impact of hydromorphological pressures on the macrophytes bioindicators of the ecological water quality in Mediterranean rivers." BioRisk 14 (May 9, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.14.30319.
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One of the important tools to evaluate the ecological quality of surface water is the Macrophytes indices based on the bioindication capacity of aquatic plants. In Mediterranean rivers (France, Spain, and Portugal), the development of some macrophytes indices like l’Indice Biologique Macrophytes Rivières (IBMR), the biological metric score (BMS), as well as the Fluvial Macrophyte Index (IMF) are founded on the determination of the indicator values of the floristic reference lists. The aim of this study was to test the impact of the eco-Mediterranean differences (from one country to another) on the indicator taxa by comparing the indicator values of the Euro‐ Mediterranean macrophyte indices. With this in mind, we explore the possibility of the introduction of the Euro‐Mediterranean macrophytes-based indices in Morocco (i.e. the hydrological basin of Sebou (HBS)) as a part of a preliminary attempt to develop the first Afro-Mediterranean macrophyte index. We confirm that the ecological amplitude and species optima vary between Mediterranean ecoregions, and indicator taxa differ between countries: There are medium to small correlations between Mediterranean indices: IBMR/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.57), IMF/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.34), and IBMR/IMF (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.30). Five species exhibit major differences in indicator values: Zannichelliapalustris and Potamogetonpectinatus have more eutrophic indicator values in France (IBMR) than in Spain (IMF). Potamogetonnodosus, Amblystegiumriparium and Lycopuseuropaeus have broader ecological amplitudes in Portugal (BMS) than in France (IBMR) and in Spain (IMF), where it is restricted to eutrophic conditions. Furthermore, the three indicator systems include different indicator-taxon numbers. The comparison of the HBS elaborated list with the Euro‐Mediterranean indices revealed the low level of common taxa approximately 6.76% of all indicator species used in the French index (IBMR), 10.48% in the Portuguese index (IMF) and 12.38% in the Spanish index (BMS). These results show the inadequacy of the trophic indices approach with the HBS conditions and thus the need for the development of an index based on biotic indices approach.
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Singh, R. P., Ying He Jiang, and Xiao Peng Wen. "Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Different Media and Macrophyte in Constructed Wetland." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2368.
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Constructed wetlands are very useful for the removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewater. Use of different kinds of media and macrophytes improves the efficiency of nutrient removal of constructed wetlands. Three different media (pulverized ash bricks, shale and gravel) and common reed (Phragmites spp.) were used for present research work. This macrophyte is a local weed and easily available. Uses of different media with macrophyte are very efficient for nutrient removal from treated municipal wastewater. Out of these three media used for present research pulverized fly ash bricks media was most efficient for removal of phosphorus in constructed wetland.
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Wan, Xiang, Guoxiang Wang, Fei Yang, and Yueming Zhu. "Responses of a Submerged Macrophyte Potamogeton crispus and Epiphytic Biofilm to Humic-Substance Enrichment Coupled with Brownification in Freshwater Habitats." Water 15, no. 16 (August 8, 2023): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15162860.
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Brownification denotes increasing water color, partly caused by increasing dissolved organic matter of terrestrial origin in freshwater. Brownification has become a wide-spread environmental problem because water color alters the physicochemical environment and biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. However, our understanding of its ecological effects on aquatic macrophytes is limited. Here, an indoor mesocosm experiment with a common submerged macrophyte, Potamogeton crispus, along an increasing gradient of brownification was conducted over a period of 42 days. Results showed that P. crispus was able to overcome low degrees of brownification owing to the plasticity in morphological and physiological traits and P. crispus growth even benefitted from the concomitant nutrients along with brownification. However, the macrophyte growth was negatively affected by a 10-fold increase in water color beyond its current level. Additionally, collapse in antioxidant systems and potent photosynthesis inhibition implied that P. crispus could not adapt to the low-light stress generated under the high degree of brownification. Epiphytic bacteria are more sensitive to brownification than their hosts. Any degree of brownification initially caused a decrease in microbial diversity of epiphytic biofilm, whereafter the concomitant nutrients under brownification favored the growth of epiphytic microorganisms. The shading effect of a large number of epiphytic biofilms under brownification may further aggravate the low-light stress on macrophytes. Overall, the study provides new insights into the comprehensive effects and underlying mechanisms of brownification on macrophytes.
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Xu, Chao, Hai-Jun Wang, Qing Yu, Hong-Zhu Wang, Xiao-Min Liang, Miao Liu, and Erik Jeppesen. "Effects of Artificial LED Light on the Growth of Three Submerged Macrophyte Species during the Low-Growth Winter Season: Implications for Macrophyte Restoration in Small Eutrophic Lakes." Water 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071512.
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Eutrophication of lakes is becoming a global environmental problem, leading to, among other things, rapid reproduction of phytoplankton, increased turbidity, loss of submerged macrophytes, and the recovery of these plants following nutrient loading reduction is often delayed. Artificial light supplement could potentially be a useful method to help speeding up recovery. In this study, three common species of submerged macrophytes, Vallisneria natans, Myriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum demersum, were exposed to three LED light treatments (blue, red and white) and shaded (control) for 100 days (from 10 November 2016 to 18 January 2017) in 12 tanks holding 800 L of water. All the three LED light treatments promoted growth of the three macrophyte species in terms of shoot number, length and dry mass. The three light treatments differed in their effects on the growth of the plants; generally, the red light had the strongest promoting effects, followed by blue and white. The differences in light effects may be caused by the different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of the lights, as indicated by an observed relationship of PPFD with the growth variables. The three species also responded differently to the light treatments, V. natans and C. demersum showing higher growth than M. spicatum. Our findings demonstrate that artificial light supplement in the low-growth winter season can promote growth and recovery of submerged macrophytes and hence potentially enhance their competitiveness against phytoplankton in the following spring. More studies, however, are needed to elucidate if LED light treatment is a potential restoration method in small lakes, when the growth of submerged macrophytes are delayed following a sufficiently large external nutrient loading reduction for a shift to a clear macrophyte state to have a potential to occur. Our results may also be of relevance when elucidating the role of artificial light from cities on the ecosystem functioning of lakes in urban areas.
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Weaver, M. J., J. J. Magnuson, and M. K. Clayton. "Distribution of littoral fishes in structurally complex macrophytes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 2277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-130.
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By considering patchiness in the littoral vegetation, we were able to distinguish within-lake distributions among species and between young-of-the-year and yearling-and-older fishes. We characterized the macrophytes in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, along transects using rake grabs to estimate species diversity and sonar charts to estimate the patchiness at 1-m intervals. We discerned two distinct littoral fish assemblages, one characterized by rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in unvegetated areas and another by a diverse assemblage in vegetated areas. Patchiness of macrophytes, not simply abundance, determined variations in the specific structure of the fish assemblage: e.g., yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were more dominant and abundant where vegetation was species rich and structurally complex as well as abundant. Young-of-the-year and yearling-and-older fishes differed in their distribution patterns: e.g., age 0 bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were more abundant where Eurasian watermilfoil was abundant and patchy and yearling-and-older bluegill where vegetation was more dense and species rich. Furthermore, yearling-and-older black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) and brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) were more common in patchy macrophyte beds than in species-rich vegetation. The largest catches of age 0 white bass (Morone chrysops) occurred at sites with sandy shallow beaches and patchy milfoil beds farther offshore. These patterns were discerned because we assessed macrophyte structural complexity at multiple scales and we separated young-of-the-year from older fishes.
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Stefanidis, Konstantinos, and Eva Papastergiadou. "Linkages between Macrophyte Functional Traits and Water Quality: Insights from a Study in Freshwater Lakes of Greece." Water 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051047.
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Freshwater ecologists have shown increased interest in assessing biotic responses to environmental change using functional community characteristics. With this article, we investigate the potential of using functional traits of the aquatic plants to assess eutrophication in freshwater lakes. To this end we collected macrophyte and physicochemical data from thirteen lakes in Greece and we applied a trait-based analysis to first identify discrete groups of macrophytes that share common functional traits and then to assess preliminary responses of these groups to water quality gradients. We allocated 11 traits that cover mostly growth form and morphological characteristics to a total of 33 macrophyte species. RLQ and fourth corner analysis were employed to explore potential relationships between species, trait composition and environmental gradients. In addition, a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to discriminate groups of plants that share common trait characteristics and then the position of the groups along the environmental gradients was assessed. The results showed total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, conductivity, pH and Secchi disk depth as main drivers of the environmental gradients. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed a clear separation of macrophyte assemblages with discrete functional characteristics that appeared to associate with different environmental drivers. Thus, rooted submerged plants were related with higher Secchi disk depth, conductivity and alkalinity whereas rooted floating-leaved plants showed a preference for enriched waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. In addition, free-floating plants were related positively with nitrogen and increased pH. Although we did not identify specific trait patterns with environmental drivers, our findings indicate a differentiation of macrophytes based on their functional characteristics along water quality gradients. Overall, the presented results are encouraging for conducting future monitoring studies in lakes focused on the functional plant trait composition, as expanding the current approach to additional lakes and using quantifiable functional characteristics will provide more insight about the potential of trait-based approaches as ecological assessment systems.
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Titlyanov, Eduard A., Tamara V. Titlyanova, Hui Huang, Anna V. Scriptsova, Huili Xu, and Xiubao Li. "Seasonal Changes in the Intertidal and Subtidal Algal Communities of Extremely and Moderately Polluted Coastal Regions of Sanya Bay (Hainan Island, China)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7040093.
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At the end of the rainy season in 2016 and at the end of the dry season in 2017, we conducted a floristic study of marine macrophytic algae in the intertidal and subtidal zones in moderately and heavily polluted areas at Luhuitou reef, Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China. A total of 109 species of marine macrophytes were found during these samplings. At the end of the rainy season, 72 species of macrophytes (50% reds, 19% browns, and 31% greens) were found. At the end of the dry season, we found and identified 92 species of macrophytes (46% reds, 20% browns, and 34% greens). Seasonal changes in species diversity, species composition, and the structure of algal communities at differently polluted sites exhibited common features as well as specific characteristics. By the end of the dry season, the diversity of macroalgal species was increased, and the composition of dominant and accompanying species of macrophytes in polydominant communities was changed in moderately and heavily polluted areas. Seasonal changes in the marine flora of differently polluted areas were characterized by specific features as follows: Less changes in species diversity of heavily polluted area compared with moderately polluted area during the change from the rainy season to the dry season; significant increase in the biomass of green algae and their projective coverage in the middle and low intertidal zones of heavily polluted sites in the dry season; and the increase in the numbers of mono- and bidominant communities in the middle and low intertidal zones of heavily polluted sites by the end of the dry season.
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Lalonde, Sophie, and John A. Downing. "Epiphyton Biomass is Related to Lake Trophic Status, Depth, and Macrophyte Architecture." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-268.
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The relationship between epiphyton biomass and water column total phosphorus concentration (TP) was studied in macrophyte beds in 11 lakes covering a wide range of trophic status (TP = 5.8–72.8 μg∙L−1). Phosphorus concentration was a poor predictor of epiphyton biomass when considered alone. Our data do not agree with previous studies that found that epiphyton biomass increased continuously with TP. Instead, we found a very weak, nonlinear relationship between TP and epiphyton biomass, where epiphyton biomass increased up to TP≈39 μg∙L−1, and decreased at higher TP. Season and sampling depth accounted for significantly more variation in epiphyton biomass than did TP. Epiphyton biomass increased with depth in oligotrophic lakes but decreased with depth in eutrophic lakes. Seven common species of macrophytes of differing architecture developed significantly different epiphyton biomass. Macrophytes with flexible, ribbon-like leaves supported lower epiphyton biomass than species of broad-leaved or whorled architecture. The effect of host type on epiphyton algae biomass was not, however, as great as the influence of environmental variables.
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Shiryaev, Gregory I., Galina G. Borisova, Daria A. Shchukina, Nadezhda V. Chukina, Artem V. Sobenin, and Maria G. Maleva. "Redox Reactions in Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. under Industrial Impacts." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 14, no. 3 (September 2001): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-0352.
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Aquatic ecosystems are very sensitive to industrial impacts, and, therefore, it is increasingly important to study the mechanisms underlying the tolerance of aquatic organisms to water pollution. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the most common and toxic pollutants of aquatic ecosystems. They have a particularly strong effect on macrophytes, which are in close contact with the aquatic environment and can accumulate metals in considerable quantities. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. is a floating macrophyte (pleistophyte) with a high capacity for accumulation of HMs. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of industrial pollution on the redox reactions in H. morsus-ranae and to identify the role of low molecular weight antioxidants in adaptation of this macrophyte to unfavorable conditions. A comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of H. morsus-ranae from two (reference and impacted) water bodies was carried out. The study revealed an increased level of lipid peroxidation products in the leaves of H. morsus-ranae under industrial impact, which indicates oxidative stress. Nevertheless, this floating plant demonstrated fairly high resistance to adverse conditions, due to the synthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline and soluble protein thiols. Revealing the response of macrophytes to pollution of water bodies will help predict the state of aquatic ecosystems with an increase in anthropogenic pressure
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ONG, YIN SING, and SING TUNG TENG. "Morphological Characterisation and Documentation of Freshwater Macrophytes in Pontian, Johor's Water." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4140.2022.
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Freshwater macrophytes exist in varied life forms for example, emergent, submerged, floating-leaved and free-floating, and some of them have a heterophylly or multiple forms. The intraspecific variation in terms of morphology is common phenomena in macrophytes population; however, specific studies on morphology of freshwater macrophytes are still insufficient, especially in Pontian, Johor. Hence, this study aimed to characterise the freshwater macrophytes based on morphometrics and descriptive characteristics as well as to document their diversity and population. Thus, the morphometric measurements were done, the descriptive characteristics were documented in scientific photographs, the population of freshwater macrophytes was also estimated by using quadrat estimation technique. Additionally, the morphometrics of some collected samples were compared with the same sample in other studies to show the variation in the range of different measurements, the descriptive characteristics were also described as well as the population estimation assessed by area coverage was analysed in the form of statistical chart. The finding in this study showed variation in morphometric data and no intraspecific variation on phenotype of freshwater macrophytes in Pontian, Johor’s water.
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Cejudo-Figueiras, Cristina, Irene Álvarez-Blanco, Eloy Bécares, and Saúl Blanco. "Epiphytic diatoms and water quality in shallow lakes: the neutral substrate hypothesis revisited." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 12 (2010): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10018.
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For bioassessment of freshwaters, diatom indices have been mainly used in streams although their applicability in shallow lakes has been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of sampling substrata on periphytic diatom communities and on the ecological quality inferred from them has been paid little attention. In this paper, we test the ‘neutral substrate hypothesis’, which predicts no relevant influence of host plant type on their epiphytic community. Nineteen shallow permanent lakes from north-west Spain were studied and classified into three trophic levels. Epiphytic diatom communities growing on three different macrophytes for each trophic level were sampled and analysed. We assess: (1) which of the most common diatom indices provides a reliable water quality assessment, (2) how different plant substrata influence the diatom communities growing on them and (3) how these differences affect water quality assessment. Similarity tests showed significant differences in the composition of diatom assemblages among nutrient concentrations and host macrophytes. In contrast, ANOVA results for selected diatom-based metrics showed significant differences among trophic levels but not between different plant substrata. This supports the use of epiphytic diatoms as biological indicators for shallow lakes irrespective of the dominant macrophyte.
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Chilińska, Elżbieta. "Ecological status assessment of lakes using macrophytes." Folia Biologica et Oecologica 11 (December 30, 2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fobio-2015-0003.
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Harmonisation of the laws of the Member States regarding the protection of the environment is one of the tasks of the European Union. Poland joined EU in 2004 and took on various commitments for the improvement of water status. In particular, the Water Framework Directive was a major breakthrough in the assessment of aquatic ecosystems. For the classification of stratified and non-stratified lakes Ecological State Macrophyte Index (ESMI) has been used. In Poland, the method for assessing the ecological status of lakes based on macrophytes has been developed for routine water monitoring shortly after joining the European Union. This index is one of the biological elements in the assessment of ecological status. It considers the whole plant communities in the reservoir. The key factor that ESMI reacts to is anthropopressure, which manifests itself as eutrophication. However, it is crucial that the lakes are also subject to different pressures. In this situation, the ESMI rating becomes only an indicative method. The article describes the role, process of evaluation and the most common problems related to ESMI.
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Babko, R., J. Fyda, T. Kuzmina, and A. Hutorowicz. "Ciliates on the Macrophytes in Industrially Heated Lakes (Kujawy Lakeland, Poland)." Vestnik Zoologii 44, no. 6 (January 1, 2010): e-1-e-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-010-0032-8.
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Ciliates on the Macrophytes in Industrially Heated Lakes (Kujawy Lakeland, Poland)The ciliate assemblage on the macrophytes was examined in 2005 during the vegetation period in the Konińskie Lakes which are heating by post-cooling waters from thermal electric plants. As a result of changed temperature regimen the alien thermophilic macrophyteVallisneria spiralisis becoming increasingly common in the littoral zone. A total of 150 ciliate taxa belonging to 27 orders were found. Greater ciliate species diversity was found on architecturally complex, submerged forms such asCeratophyllum demersumandMyriophyllum spicatum. By contrast the ciliate compositions on emergent macrophytes with simple architecture in their submerged parts, such asTypha, Sparganium, orAcorus, were less species rich. Despite the simple architecture ofVallisnerialeaves, the ciliate diversity on them was high. The results show that replacement of native macrophytes by the alien formV. spiralisin heated lakes did not impoverish the ciliate diversity.
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Sipaúba-Tavares, L. H., P. A. Durigan, F. A. Berchielli-Morais, and R. N. Millan. "Influence of inlet water on the biotic and abiotic variables in a fish pond." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 2 (August 15, 2016): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.12315.
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Abstract The effects of treated and untreated water inlets with macrophytes on the improvement of water quality and zooplankton community were evaluated in a fish pond with continuous water flow. Water and zooplankton samples were retrieved at four sites during nine months. There were differences (p<0.01) between inlet water from fish pond and inlet water from canal with macrophytes, featuring higher concentrations of nutrient load, mainly TAN and TP in the former. The inlet water from fish pond contained a higher number of abundant species (9 species), whilst the water supply from the canal with macrophytes had a greater richness (31 species) of zooplankton species. Results showed that inlet water without macrophytes directly affected the characteristics of the water column and the dominance of zooplankton species such as Thermocyclops decipiens, and greater abundance of Rotifera species. Since aquatic plants in the inlet water of fish pond analyzed showed lower allochthonous material loads from the previous fish pond, the management adopted with macrophytes may be applied to avoid eutrophication risks, common in farm ponds.
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Vilizzi, Lorenzo, Leigh A. Thwaites, Benjamin B. Smith, Jason M. Nicol, and Chris P. Madden. "Ecological effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in a semi-arid floodplain wetland." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 9 (2014): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13163.
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Common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is a highly invasive fish species across freshwater systems of south-eastern Australia, and especially in semi-arid floodplain wetlands. However, multi-component, large-scale experimental studies on carp effects on such ecosystems are scarce. This is in spite of demands to prioritise management and control of carp for the rehabilitation of habitats across the Murray–Darling Basin. A 2-year, large-scale field experiment in a terminal wetland of the lower River Murray (South Australia) evaluated the effects of free-ranging carp on water transparency, aquatic macrophytes (biomass and cover), zooplankton density, benthic invertebrates (density, richness and diversity) as well as native fish. Within 1 year since artificial inundation, transparency sharply decreased and this was accompanied by a decrease in aquatic macrophyte biomass and cover, a fluctuation in zooplankton density, and a decrease in benthic invertebrate richness and diversity. Also, the decreases in transparency and benthic invertebrate richness were significantly related to carp biomass, which averaged 68.0 kg ha–1 and induced a shift from clear- to turbid-water state. Following a flood event, increased connectivity caused carp to further access the newly inundated areas.
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ZHANG, Yan-Hui, Yan-Jie AN, Chi ZHU, and Shao YANG. "PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON ON COMMON SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES." Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 33, no. 6 (February 9, 2010): 1020–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1035.2009.61020.
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Kennedy, Thomas L., Lisa A. Horth, and David E. Carr. "The effects of nitrate loading on the invasive macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata and two common, native macrophytes in Florida." Aquatic Botany 91, no. 3 (October 2009): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.06.008.
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Soni, Hiren B., and Sheju Thomas. "Associative dependence among plankton and macrophytes as pollution markers at tropical lentic environ, Gujarat, India." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10528.
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The present research was undertaken at three sampling stations of Gomti catchment, Central Gujarat, India, to study dominance, interaction, and interdependence among biotic components (phytoplankton, zooplankton and aquatic macrophytes). The phytoplankton population was represented by 39 genera and 48 species belongs to family Bacillariophyceae (21 species), followed by Cyanophyceae (7), Cholorophyceae (18), and Euglenophyceae (2). In total, seven classes of zooplankton were represented by 36 genera and 39 species. Zooplankton dominance was reflected by class Ciliophora (16 species), followed by Zooflagellata, Rhizopoda and Rotifera (6 each), and Cladocera (3),and least by Copepoda and Ostracoda (1 species each). Of 16 species of aquatic macrophytes, 3 (18.75%) were abundant, 4 (25%) common, and 9 (56.25%) were rare. The indices (Palmer, Nygaard’s, and Macrophyte index) were determined to delineate the interdependent relationship among studied biotic components. Strong association was observed between Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae, Ostracods and Ciliophorans, and Cladocerans and Bacillariophyceans. The detailed results of indices and interdependent associations among biotic components are discussed. The information provided herewith makes an insight for better understanding of the environmental aspects to be addressed effectively for the better protection, conservation, and management of Gomti reservoir, Gujarat, India. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10528 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 175-191
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Bubíková, Kateřina, and Richard Hrivnák. "Artificial ponds in Central Europe do not fall behind the natural ponds in terms of macrophyte diversity." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 419 (2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2017055.
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We studied macrophyte composition and 24 environmental variables in 69 ponds of both natural and artificial origin in Slovakia. We tested differences in α and γ diversity and β similarity between natural and artificial ponds for helophytes, hydrophytes, red list species and all species. We also assessed effects of environmental variables on species richness of studied ponds by generalised linear models (GLM). For local diversity, the significant difference was obtained only in case of helophytes. Beta similarity significantly differed for all the species groups. Total species numbers (gamma diversity) of all the groups were higher in natural ponds with the exception of hydrophytes. A randomization test of γ diversity yielded significant differences for helophytes and all species groups; richness and diversity of hydrophytes and red list species were not significantly different. Thus, we can conclude that even though natural ponds have a significantly higher regional diversity, local diversity is comparable not only for common species but also endangered red-listed macrophytes and thus artificial ponds could serve as proper secondary habitats for macrophytes. GLM showed different effect of environmental predictors on richness of studied species and pond groups and a slightly higher explained variability in natural (40%) compared to artificial (37%) ponds.
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Howell, E. T. "Effects of the isoetid macrophytes Eriocaulon septangulare and Lobelia dortmanna on the periphyton of littoral sediments." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-250.
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Plants of an isoetid form are common in soft-water lakes and can increase surface area available for periphyton development. The effects of the macrophytes Eriocaulon septangulare With. and Lobelia dortmanna L. on the productivity of periphyton overlying sediments were evaluated by comparing periphyton from macrophyte-sediment treatments with periphyton from sediment treatments in four lakes. Areal productivity (expressed on the basis of underlying sediment area), chlorophyll a standardized productivity, and chlorophyll a biomass of a loosely associated component of the epiphyton of Eriocaulon and Lobelia were similar and not significantly different from that measured for periphyton on sediments. The areal productivity (expressed on the basis of leaf area) of an attached epiphyton component was only 10–20% of rates measured for the loosely associated component. The concentration of leaf area over sediments did not appear to affect areal production rates of epiphyton components over the range 1:0.4 and 1:3.8 sediment area to leaf area. Periphyton productivity is likely higher in areas of isoetid macrophytes than in areas of sediment alone because of the contribution of the attached component of the epiphyton, which is proportional to the leaf area present. Key words: periphyton, isoetid, soft water, productivity, Eriocaulon, Lobelia.
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Pinese, Olívia Penatti, José Fernando Pinese, and Kleber Del Claro. "Structure and biodiversity of zooplankton communities in freshwater habitats of a Vereda Wetland Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 27, no. 3 (September 2015): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x0415.
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Abstract Aims: Vereda wetlands are among the most important aquatic habitats in Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) because of their association with river springs and its relevancy for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to determine and compare the biodiversity of zooplankton in vereda lakes, differentiated by the presence or absence of aquatic macrophytes at an environmental reserve in Uberlândia, Minas Geais, Southeastern Brazil. Zooplanctonic abundance patterns and their relation with environmental parameters were also discussed and presented through multivariate statistics. Methods Twelve samples were taken at water surface, at 15-day intervals in 2006. It was observed a total richness of 75 species, including 12 genera, 29 species and one sub-species as new records for Minas Gerais State. Results Rotifers were the predominant group and Lecanidae was the most diverse family. Among cladocerans, Chydoridae showed the greatest richness and Bosminidae the highest abundance. Few adult copepods were sampled in this study, but nauplii were very frequent. Cyclopidae was the most common family among copepods and there was no record of Calanoida. Conclusions The difference in composition among the studied lakes was remarkable. The lake with macrophytes showed the greatest richness but the lowest density, and the opposite situation occurred in the other lake. This can be explained by the fact that aquatic macrophytes, as primary producers, exert a bottom-up effect on zooplankton community, sustaining a high local diversity in contrast with a low numeric abundance of these microorganisms. Therefore, this pattern may have been created by the surround heterogeneity and, at the same time, by the reduction of available minerals of the system caused by macrophyte matter fixation. Many studies on zooplankton need to be developed in palm swamp communities in order to better comprehend the biological diversity and the energy balance in different habitats for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems.
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Belleza, Dominic Franco, Ethel Wagas, Jemma Lucitte Aaron, Rex Samuel Abao, and Danilo Dy. "Allelopathic Effects of Three Intertidal Marine Macrophytes on the Growth of Nanochlorum sp." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 22, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_1/02.
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Benthic marine macrophytes produce secondary metabolites which when released to the environment could potentially influence the immediate surroundings to the detriment of their competitors (i.e., other species of algae or phytoplankton). The response of the phytoplankton, Nanochlorum sp. to crude extracts (1% and 4% concentration) of the intertidal macrophytes Gracilaria salicornia, Chaetomorpha linum and Sargassum polycystum was investigated. On the average, there was a significant decrease (40-61% decrease at 4% conc. and 11-40% decrease at 1% conc.) in cell densities three days after the addition of the extracts relative to the control. Crude extracts of some common intertidal macrophytes may contain allelochemicals that could inhibit the growth of phytoplankton. The potential applications of these allelopathic effects in controlling phytoplankton blooms in small ponds and tanks have been suggested and needs further investigation.
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Březinová, T. Dvořáková, and J. Vymazal. "Phenolic Compounds in Wetland Macrophytes." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2018-0001.
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Abstract Phenolics are the most widely distributed class of plant secondary metabolites and higher plants are able to produce several thousand different phenolic compounds. It has been reported that phenolics are more resistant to decomposition due to the negative impact on the microorganisms involved. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that the higher content of phenolics in plant tissue may cause slower decomposition rates and potentially higher carbon sequestration in the soil. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate and compare the content of phenolics in seven common macrophytes in the Czech Republic. Aboveground biomass was sampled in June 2016 at seven different localities and phenolics concentrations determined by spectrophotometric methods according to the Folin-Cioacalteau method ranged from 9.02 to 28.39 g kg−1 dry biomass weight (DW). Several plants were also harvested in August, October and December in order to follow a seasonal pattern. According to the results it seems that surveyed macrophytes vary widely in phenolics concentrations in relation to sampled site, harvesting time, plant species, and plant parts as well.
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Pełechaty, Mariusz, Bazargul Zhapparova, Michał Brzozowski, and Andrzej Pukacz. "Impact of Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv.) J. Groves, a regionally alien and invasive charophyte, on macrophyte diversity in the species native range." Hydrobiologia 849, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04710-x.
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AbstractThis study aimed to determine the relationships between the abundance of Nitellopsis obtusa, a controversial charophyte, locally red-listed in its native Eurasian range but invasive in North America, and the species diversity of macrophyte stands dominated by N. obtusa. Three lakes of different morphology, productivity and catchment were surveyed in the species native range. In each lake, the species composition and cover of three N. obtusa-dominated stands were determined monthly from spring to autumn and illustrated by the Shannon–Wiener diversity index. Water chemistry supplemented vegetation study. The species diversity turned out to be lake-specific and declined with the increasing share of N. obtusa, which developed mass occurrence in less mineralised and less fertile waters, leaving no space and limiting light and nutrient availability for large and branchy macrophytes. We postulate that this mechanism makes N. obtusa a superior competitor in less fertile waters and seems common to both native and invaded territories, as is the pool of macrophyte species most frequently co-occurring with N. obtusa.
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Howard, Rebecca J., Janelda Biagas, and Larry Allain. "Growth of Common Brackish Marsh Macrophytes Under Altered Hydrologic and Salinity Regimes." Wetlands 36, no. 1 (November 12, 2015): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-015-0711-x.
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Lemoine, Damien G., Marie-Hélène Barrat-Segretain, and Annie Roy. "Morphological and Chemical Changes Induced by Herbivory in Three Common Aquatic Macrophytes." International Review of Hydrobiology 94, no. 3 (June 2009): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200811087.
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Li, Qisheng, Yanqing Han, Kunquan Chen, Xiaolong Huang, Kuanyi Li, and Hu He. "Effects of Water Depth on the Growth of the Submerged Macrophytes Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata: Implications for Water Level Management." Water 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182590.
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Water level is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of submerged macrophytes in aquatic ecosystems. The rosette plant Vallisneria natans and the erect plant Hydrilla verticillata are two common submerged macrophytes in lakes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. How water level fluctuations affect their growth and competition is still unknown. In this study, three water depths (50 cm, 150 cm, and 250 cm) were established to explore the responses in growth and competitive patterns of the two plant species to water depth under mixed planting conditions. The results show that, compared with shallow water conditions (50 cm), the growth of both submerged macrophytes was severely suppressed in deep water depth (250 cm), while only V. natans was inhibited under intermediate water depth (150 cm). Moreover, the ratio of biomass of V. natans to H. verticillata gradually increased with increasing water depth, indicating that deep water enhanced the competitive advantage of V. natans over H.verticillata. Morphological adaptation of the two submerged macrophytes to water depth was different. With increasing water depth, H. verticillata increased its height, at the cost of reduced plant numbers to adapt to poor light conditions. A similar strategy was also observed in V. natans, when water depth increased from 50 cm to 150 cm. However, both the plant height and number were reduced at deep water depth (250 cm). Our study suggests that water level reduction in lake restoration efforts could increase the total biomass of submerged macrophytes, but the domination of key plants, such as V. natans, may decrease.
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Lima, Rafael dos Santos, Valéria Santos Cavalcante, João Batista Ferraz Garcia, Helio Grassi Filho, Leandro Cardoso de Morais, and Adriano Luiz Tonetti. "Evaluation of the use of wastewater treated with Lemnas minor in bean yield and nutrition." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 5 (November 17, 2022): 2375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n5p2375.
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Irrigation with wastewater can reduce the demand for drinking water, reduce its disposal into water bodies and provide nutrients for agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the irrigation using wastewater with and without polishing by Lemnaceae macrophytes on the production and nutrition of common bean plants. Common bean (IPR Andorinha) was cultivated in a greenhouse in a completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments (T1= public-supply water (PSW); T2 = wastewater without polishing (WWNP) and T3 = wastewater with polishing by macrophytes (WWPL)). The highest contents of macronutrients and micronutrients in the common bean crop irrigated with PSW, WWPL and WWNP were found in the following order: K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P and Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu. Compared to PSW, wastewater promoted higher green color index (17.1%), number of pods (24%), grain yield (28%), fresh matter (33%) and dry matter (42%). Wastewater with and without polishing provides adequate nutrition and dry matter production, and wastewater with polishing increased the number of grains and grain yield in common bean.
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Moreira, Suzana Neves, Vivian Almeida Assunção, Berinaldo Bueno, Ligia Sturza Rodrigues, Rosa Helena Da Silva, Vali Joana Pott, Arnildo Pott, Geraldo Alves Damasceno Júnior, and Edna Scremin-Dias. "Aquatic macrophytes in Paraguay River branches in the Brazilian Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 12, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v12i2.384.
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Our objective was to inventory the flora of aquatic macrophytes and their life forms, and to determine the species similarity in different water bodies. Sampling of the vegetation was carried out in 333 plots of 0.5 x 0.5 m along ten transect lines on a boat to best cover the studied areas. Poaceae (18.9%), Cyperaceae (9.4%), Fabaceae, Onagraceae, and Pontederiaceae (7.5% each) were the most represented families. Emergent (56.6%), free floating (20.8%), rooted floating (18.9%), and amphibious (13.2%) were the most common life forms. We observed dissimilarity between most sampled points. We conclude from the inventory of aquatic macrophytes that the most prevalent species are common to other similar physiognomies in the Pantanal and the prevalent life forms corroborate the importance of flood in this environment, since they are typical of plants adapted to the flooded and dry transition. Even though the species richness is comparable to other areas, the plant communities inventoried separately are heterogeneous and respond in distinct ways to local environmental conditions.
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MILLER, STEPHANIE A., and FREDERICK D. PROVENZA. "Mechanisms of resistance of freshwater macrophytes to herbivory by invasive juvenile common carp." Freshwater Biology 52, no. 1 (January 2007): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01669.x.
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Wang, Wuncheng. "Ammonia toxicity to macrophytes (common duckweed and rice) using static and renewal methods." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10, no. 9 (September 1991): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620100909.
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Lindholm, Marja, Janne Alahuhta, Jani Heino, Jan Hjort, and Heikki Toivonen. "Changes in the functional features of macrophyte communities and driving factors across a 70-year period." Hydrobiologia 847, no. 18 (January 4, 2020): 3811–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04165-1.
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AbstractFunctional homogenisation occurs across many areas and organism groups, thereby seriously affecting biodiversity loss and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we examined how functional features of aquatic macrophytes have changed during a 70-year period at community and species levels in a boreal lake district. At the community level, we examined if aquatic macrophyte communities showed different spatial patterns in functional composition and functional richness in relation to main environmental drivers between the time periods. We also observed each species in functional space to assess if species with certain sets of traits have become more common or rare in the 70-year study period. We found changes in the relationship between functional community composition and the environment. The aquatic macrophyte communities showed different patterns in functional composition between the two time periods, and the main environmental drivers for these changes were partly different. Temporal changes in functional richness were only partially linked to concomitant changes in the environment, while stable factors were more important. Species’ functional traits were not associated with commonness or rarity patterns. Our findings revealed that functional homogenisation has not occurred across these boreal lakes, ranging from small oligotrophic forest lakes to larger lakes affected by human impacts.
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Wei, Yuanyun, Manyin Zhang, Lijuan Cui, Xu Pan, Weiwei Liu, Wei Li, and Yinru Lei. "Winter Decomposition of Emergent Macrophytes Affects Water Quality under Ice in a Temperate Shallow Lake." Water 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092640.
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Decomposition of emergent macrophytes is now recognized as an internal nutrient source for shallow lakes. Temperate lakes always experience seasonal ice cover in winter, but the influences of emergent macrophytes decomposition on water quality have rarely been examined under ice. Here, we conducted an incubation experiment to investigate winter decomposition of two common emergent macrophytes species (Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis) and its influences on water quality in the Hengshui Lake, North China. Mesocosms simulating a lake ice regime were incubated in the field for 120 days in winter and were treated with and without plant material addition. Water quality was monitored through dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). We found that both species were significantly decomposed in winter and that the majority of mass loss occurred in the first 10 days of decomposition when the water surface of mesocosms were already frozen. The concentrations of DO rapidly dropped to values close to zero after plant material submergence. At the end of incubation, the concentrations of DOC, TN, and NO3-N in the mesocosms with plant material addition were significantly higher than initial concentrations. In contrast, the concentrations of DOC, TN, TP, NO3-N, and NH4-N in the mesocosms without plant material addition were equal to or less than initial concentrations. Our research suggests that winter decomposition of emergent macrophytes produces negative influences on water quality under ice that lasts for the whole winter.
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Gotore Obey, Prattakorn Sittisom, Rameshprabu Ramaraj, Yuwalee Unpaprom, Giang Tran Van, and Tomoaki Itayama. "Study of bioremediation of water environment using constructed wetland for ecological engineering and bioenergy generation from biomass recycling." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 1, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v1i1.244901.
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Environmental water ecosystems are facing serious hypoxia challenges because of high nutrient loadings from point and non-point sources. Therefore, the use of Vertical sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCWs) for mitigating environmental water pollution through enhanced nitrification and denitrification processes. They offer a promising nutrient removal mechanism while also providing an ideal environment for the growth of perennial grasses. VSSFCWs not only play a role in providing safe sanitation, they produce biomass that can be harvested and used to produce fodder and biofuel in this complex global world. Biochar offers best habitation for microorganisms to decompose organic matter. The potential of constructed wetland biomass for bioenergy production through carbon sequestration had been observed. Planted with common reed macrophytes to promote biodiversity, the 0.251 m2 constructed wetland has been treating 0.03 cubic meter per day (CMD) of farm wastewater. The overall aboveground biomass was 1277 kg and total carbon content 471 kg at the peak of aboveground accumulation for the system emergent macrophyte. Incinerating of 80% biomass harvested of experimental area in an incineration plant could produce 2446 kWh for one month.
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Blindow, Irmgard, Maria Carlsson, and Klaus van de Weyer. "Re-Establishment Techniques and Transplantations of Charophytes to Support Threatened Species." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091830.
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Re-establishment of submerged macrophytes and especially charophyte vegetation is a common aim in lake management. If revegetation does not happen spontaneously, transplantations may be a suitable option. Only rarely have transplantations been used as a tool to support threatened submerged macrophytes and, to a much lesser extent, charophytes. Such actions have to consider species-specific life strategies. K-strategists mainly inhabit permanent habitats, are perennial, have low fertility and poor dispersal ability, but are strong competitors and often form dense vegetation. R-strategists are annual species, inhabit shallow water and/or temporary habitats, and are richly fertile. They disperse easily but are weak competitors. While K-strategists easily can be planted as green biomass taken from another site, rare R-strategists often must be reproduced in cultures before they can be planted on-site. In Sweden, several charophyte species are extremely rare and fail to (re)establish, though apparently suitable habitats are available. Limited dispersal and/or lack of diaspore reservoirs are probable explanations. Transplantations are planned to secure the occurrences of these species in the country. This contribution reviews the knowledge on life forms, dispersal, establishment, and transplantations of submerged macrophytes with focus on charophytes and gives recommendations for the Swedish project.
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Murkin, Henry R., and Bruce D. J. Batt. "THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 119, S140 (1987): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm119140015-1.
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AbstractThis paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.
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Hempel, Melanie, Maja Blume, Irmgard Blindow, and Elisabeth M. Gross. "Epiphytic bacterial community composition on two common submerged macrophytes in brackish water and freshwater." BMC Microbiology 8, no. 1 (2008): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-8-58.
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Shinkareva, G. L., M. Yu Lychagin, M. K. Tarasov, J. Pietroń, M. A. Chichaeva, and S. R. Chalov. "Biogeochemical specialization of macrophytes and their role as a biofilter in the Selenga delta." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 12, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 240–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-103.
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This study aims to evaluate the biofiltration ability of higher aquatic vegetation of the Selenga delta as a barrier for heavy metals and metalloids (HMM) flows into the Lake Baikal. Main aquatic vegetation species have been collected from deltaic channels and inner lakes: Nuphar pumila, Potamogeton perfoliatus, P. pectinatus, P. natans, P. friesii, Butomus umbellatus, Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, Phragmites australis. Analysis of the obtained data showed that regardless of the place of growth hydatophytes spiked water-milfoil (M. spicatum) and the fennel-leaved pondweed (P. pectinatus) most actively accumulate metals. Opposite tendencies were found for helophytes reed (Ph. australis) and flowering rush (B. umbellatus), which concentrate the least amount of elements. This supports previous findings that the ability to concentrate HMM increases in the series of surface – floating – submerged plants. Regarding river water, the studied macrophyte species are enriched with Mn and Co, regarding suspended matter – Mo, Mn and B, regarding bottom sediments – Mn, Mo and As. We identified two associations of chemical elements: S-association with the predominant suspended form of migration (Be, V, Co, Ni, W, Pb, Bi, Mn, Fe and Al) and D-association with the predominant dissolved form of migration (B, U, Mo, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn and Sb). Due to these associations three groups of macrophytes were distinguished – flowering rush and reed with a low HMM content; small yellow pond-lily and common floating pondweed with a moderate accumulation of S-association and weak accumulation of D-association elements; and clasping-leaved pondweed, fennel-leaved pondweed, and pondweed Friesii accumulating elements of both S and D groups. The results suggest that macrophytes retain more than 60% of the total Mn flux that came into the delta, more than 10% – W, As, and from 3 to 10% B, Fe, Co, Mo, Cd, V, Ni, Bi, Be, Cu, Zn, Cr, U, Al. The largest contribution is made by the group of hydatophytes (spiked water-milfoil and pondweed), which account for 74 to 96% of the total mass of substances accumulated by aquatic plants.
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Vymazal, J. "Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2001): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0853.
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The first constructed wetland (CW) for wastewater treatment was built in the Czech Republic in 1989. This recent survey shows that at the end of 1999 101 systems are in operation and several more are under construction. 95 CWs are designed with sub-surface horizontal flow, 6 systems are hybrid with a combination of vertical and horizontal flow beds. Most systems (56) were designed for the treatment of municipal and domestic sewage while 38 CWs were designed for the treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems. The most commonly used size of vegetated beds is 1,001-2,500 m2 (31 systems) followed by the area between 51-250 m2 (19%). The area of vegetated bed of the largest system is 4,493 m2. Size distribution is quite evenly spread from very small systems (PE = 3 or 4) up to 1,000 PE. However, most systems (44) were sized to treat wastewater from sources between 101 and 500 PE. The most commonly used macrophyte is Common reed (Phragmites australis) which is used in 34 systems as a monotypic stand and in 44 systems in combination with other macrophytes, most frequently with Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) (31 systems) and cattails (Typha spp.) (8 systems).
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Das, Madhumita, P. S. Bramhanand, and K. Laxminarayana. "Performance and efficiency services for the removal of hexavalent chromium from water by common macrophytes." International Journal of Phytoremediation 23, no. 10 (February 11, 2021): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2021.1878104.
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Zhao, Jian-Gang, Fang-Fang He, Zhang-He Chen, Hua-Jun Li, Jin-Ming Hu, and Feng-Ping Lin. "Effect of culture and extract solutions of macrophytes on the growth of three common algae." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 27, no. 3 (September 2012): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2012.661936.
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