Relevant bibliographies by topics / Common external tariff choice

Academic literature on the topic 'Common external tariff choice'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Common external tariff choice.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Common external tariff choice"

1

Melatos, Mark, and Alan Woodland. "Common External Tariff Choice in Core Customs Unions." Review of International Economics 17, no. 2 (May 2009): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2009.00824.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ehrlich, Sean D. "How Common is the Common External Tariff?" European Union Politics 10, no. 1 (March 2009): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116508099763.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Srinivasan, T. N. "The common external tariff of a customs union: Alternative approaches." Japan and the World Economy 9, no. 4 (December 1997): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0922-1425(97)00025-x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, and Sajal Lahiri. "Lobbying for a Common External Tariff from inside and out." International Review of Economics & Finance 50 (July 2017): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2017.03.026.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

AZEVEDO, ANDRÉ FILIPE ZAGO DE. "Mercosur: ambitious policies, poor practices." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 24, no. 4 (December 2004): 594–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-35172004-1604.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Mercosur has achieved important advances like the removal of intra- bloc tariff and non-tariff barriers and the establishment of a common external tariff for most products. However, its ambitious plans to deepen the integration process comprising harmonisation of policies in areas like competition policy, government procurement, technical barriers and phytosanitary measures have not been implemented yet. This paper examines Mercosur policies in relation to tariffs and other non-tariff barriers comparing them with their implementation, in order to examine the extent to which the proposals have actually been fulfilled.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bünder, Tobias. "How Common Is the East African Community’s Common External Tariff Really? The Influence of Interest Groups on the EAC’s Tariff Negotiations." SAGE Open 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 215824401774823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017748235.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Togan, Subidey. "Tariff Equilibrium with Customs Union." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1217-1228.

Full text
Abstract:
It is well known from Kemp and Wan (1976) that under customs union an increase in group welfare can occur without affecting that of the rest of the world whenever the common external tariff is positioned in a way so as to offset exactly the terms of trade and export quantity effects felt by it. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of the customs union starting from arbitrary given initial tariff rates and determine cases when the union as well as the non-union countries may gain from the formation of the customs union.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zahore, Martin Gnoleba. "Common External Tariff and Dynamism of Economic and Regional Integration in the WAEMU Zone: An Analysis Based on the Econometric Approach of Panels." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 10 (September 18, 2016): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n10p224.

Full text
Abstract:
This article discusses the implications of the introduction of the Common External Tariff on the dynamism of economic and regional integration in the WAEMU zone. The sample includes eight countries and covers the period from 1990 to 2014. The study is based on the econometric approach of panels. The results suggest that the common external tariff has significantly contributed to strengthen the dynamism of the economic and regional integration in the Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa. These results show that the WAEMU countries have an interest in developing new Community mechanisms conducive to strengthen the integration within them. > Transformational leadership does not significantly affect technology transfer effectiveness. tor in Egypt. rsonal authority of the leader; On technology transfer effectiveness.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Diop, Ibrahima Thione. "Assessment of the Impact of WAEMU Common External Tariff (CET) in Senegal." Modern Economy 06, no. 12 (2015): 1219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2015.612115.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Pitigala, Nihal, and Jose Lopez-Calix. "Trade policy options for export diversification: The case of Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 4, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v4i2.1200.

Full text
Abstract:
The landlocked and fragile countries’ ability to create a sustainable path to economic growth and poverty reduction is inextricably linked to their export diversification potential, itself related to their connectivity within themselves, in the region, and other external markets. Mali, Chad, and Niger are first challenged by their geography—their landlocked nature with their vast and thinly populated space serves to isolate the most vulnerable communities from external and internal markets. Adding to these geographic disadvantages non-landlocked is incentive environment—defined by high and variable customs common external tariff regimes resulting from multiple overlapping regional trade arrangements—places a wedge between domestic and international prices, provides a disincentive to exports in favor of non-tradable and domestic-oriented sectors. By bringing greater coherence and convergence between the many common external tariff regimes in operation and the rationalization of their structures, and improving connectivity within and between markets, Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea can better promote the reallocation of resources toward tradable goods and services, putting the countries on a path toward greater economic inclusion and sustainable growth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Common external tariff choice"

1

Melatos, Mark. "Modelling Regional Trade Agreements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/486.

Full text
Abstract:
In the last twenty years, regional trade agreements have proliferated. These have usually taken the form of customs unions (CUs) or free trade areas (FTAs). This thesis concentrates mostly on the formation and behaviour of CUs. Union members levy a common external tariff (CET) on non-members. Existing theoretical models, however, do not agree on how the CET rate is chosen. Every model imposes a different choice rule exogenously. In this thesis, for the first time, plausible choice rules, based on the CU's social welfare function, are derived endogenously. The strategic behaviour of members and non-members, reveals that responsibility for CET choice tends to be assumed by the member that can induce the rest of the world to levy those tariffs members prefer to face. Relatively few general results exist describing the relationship between country characteristics and trade bloc formation. Here, new light is shed on this issue, by systematically analysing bloc formation in an asymmetric world, and investigating the role of preferences in coalition formation. It is found that global free trade is most likely to arise when all countries are similar. Customs unions tend to form between relatively well-endowed countries or those with similar preferences. It is also demonstrated that CUs will usually Pareto dominate FTAs, except where preferences differ significantly. The role of transfers in CU formation has received relatively little attention in the regionalism literature. In this thesis, optimal intra-union transfers are introduced and their impact on CET choice is investigated. The impact of transfers on CU behaviour depends on the direction of the transfer. When the relatively inelastic member is the recipient, the CU responds less aggressively to non-member tariff choices than it does when transfers are not permitted. However, if the relatively elastic member is the transfer recipient, the union's aggression increases. Moreover, when one union member exercises a similar degree of control over both CET and transfer choice, then the equilibrium CET tends to be lower than in the corresponding no-transfers situation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Melatos, Mark. "Modelling Regional Trade Agreements." University of Sydney. Economics and Political Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/486.

Full text
Abstract:
In the last twenty years, regional trade agreements have proliferated. These have usually taken the form of customs unions (CUs) or free trade areas (FTAs). This thesis concentrates mostly on the formation and behaviour of CUs. Union members levy a common external tariff (CET) on non-members. Existing theoretical models, however, do not agree on how the CET rate is chosen. Every model imposes a different choice rule exogenously. In this thesis, for the first time, plausible choice rules, based on the CU's social welfare function, are derived endogenously. The strategic behaviour of members and non-members, reveals that responsibility for CET choice tends to be assumed by the member that can induce the rest of the world to levy those tariffs members prefer to face. Relatively few general results exist describing the relationship between country characteristics and trade bloc formation. Here, new light is shed on this issue, by systematically analysing bloc formation in an asymmetric world, and investigating the role of preferences in coalition formation. It is found that global free trade is most likely to arise when all countries are similar. Customs unions tend to form between relatively well-endowed countries or those with similar preferences. It is also demonstrated that CUs will usually Pareto dominate FTAs, except where preferences differ significantly. The role of transfers in CU formation has received relatively little attention in the regionalism literature. In this thesis, optimal intra-union transfers are introduced and their impact on CET choice is investigated. The impact of transfers on CU behaviour depends on the direction of the transfer. When the relatively inelastic member is the recipient, the CU responds less aggressively to non-member tariff choices than it does when transfers are not permitted. However, if the relatively elastic member is the transfer recipient, the union's aggression increases. Moreover, when one union member exercises a similar degree of control over both CET and transfer choice, then the equilibrium CET tends to be lower than in the corresponding no-transfers situation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ghazaryan, Sevan. "Armenia's accession to the Customs Union : gains of losses?" Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339140.

Full text
Abstract:
Armenia is going to join the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia (the Eurasian Customs Union) in the coming months. The author uses partial-equilibrium model to investigate and calculate trade diversion, trade creation and net welfare effects of accession on the Armenian economy. The thesis concludes that the membership in the customs union would lead to welfare losses and negative static effects. The main reason is the pure trade diversion effect on Armenia resulting from the increased external tariff rate. Adopting the common external tariff of the Eurasian Customs Union would raise the prices of those imported goods which flow from outside the customs union. As the majority of Armenian imports come from outside the Eurasian Customs Union, the increase in import prices would carry high social costs for the Armenian consumers. In addition, the absence of shared border with the customs union member-states substantially diminishes the potential benefits from possible non-tariff barrier facilitation. Therefore, the thesis strongly recommends against the accession.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Common external tariff choice"

1

Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu. Political asymmetry and common external tariff in a customs union. St. Louis, Mo.]: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Mitchell, C. L. The common external tariff and its implications for the OECS: A lecture presentation for the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank meeting with OECS Chambers of Commerce St. Kitts, 28th October, 1991. Antigua: C.L. Mitchell, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Soloaga, Isidro, Marcelo Olarreaga, and Alan Winters. What's Behind Mercosur's Common External Tariff? The World Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2231.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Secretariat, Caribbean Community, ed. Common external tariff of the Caribbean Common Market: An explanation of its scope and operational features. [Georgetown, Guyana?]: CARICOM, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kahn, S. Lowell. Use of Contrast-Fortified Surgilube for Biliary Drainage in the Setting of Active Leakage. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0083.

Full text
Abstract:
Biliary leaks are a common clinical entity that may occur after trauma or surgery. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the first choice of treatment for an active biliary leak. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with drain placement (external or internal/external) is increasingly employed either alone or as an adjunct to endoscopy (Rendezvous procedure) or surgery. Performance of a PTC on the nondilated system remains technically challenging and is associated with extra needle passes and significantly longer fluoroscopy times. Technical challenges arise from needle localization of a small nondilated duct and the contrast that is injected will pass through the leak rather than distending and opacifying the ducts. This chapter describes the use of contrast-fortified Surgilube for biliary opacification in the setting of an active biliary leak.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Roth, Louise Marie. The Business of Birth. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479812257.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
The Business of Birth examines the effects of malpractice and reproductive rights laws on maternity care practices in the US from 1995 to 2015. It is a common public belief that frivolous malpractice claims and women’s choices shape hospital birth practices. This book uses mixed methods to demonstrate that this belief is inaccurate. The Business of Birth carefully documents how there are interconnected systems of laws and policies, or legal “regimes,” that influence birth practices in unexpected ways. When it comes to malpractice, the standard of care that defines malpractice is internal to the medical profession. This means that tort laws do not exert the external pressure that physicians believe they do, although professional associations, liability insurers, risk managers, and hospital legal counsel reinforce a fear of liability risk. This fear can encourage obstetricians to intervene into labor and birth with scientifically unsupported technology or procedures with known risks. But reducing liability risk can encourage risky practices that promote organizational efficiency over patient safety. The Business of Birth also examines the implications of reproductive rights laws for maternity care practices, defining states that protect women’s reproductive rights as woman-centered and those that protect fetuses as fetus-centered. Reproductive justice theory argues that pregnant women’s rights during childbirth are connected to laws governing the full spectrum of reproduction. Woman-centered approaches to pregnancy and abortion promote choice, informed consent, and the right to bodily integrity when women give birth, while fetus-centered regimes limit women’s rights and choices during birth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Common external tariff choice"

1

Coulibaly, Massa, and Balla Keita. "Common External Tariff (CET) and Targeting the Poor in Mali." In Wealth through Integration, 247–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4415-2_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Busygina, Irina. "State-building in Russia and the choice for coercion in external relations." In Russia–EU Relations and the Common Neighborhood, 33–56. Other titles: Russia-European Union relations and the common neighbourhoodDescription: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315443966-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mainini, Andrea Giovanni, Martina Signorini, Jaroslaw Drozdziel, Aleksander Bartoszewski, Sonia Lupica Spagnolo, Teemu Vesanen, Davide Madeddu, et al. "Demonstration in Relevant Environments." In Innovative Tools and Methods Using BIM for an Efficient Renovation in Buildings, 95–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04670-4_7.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThree building case studies were chosen with the purpose of demonstrating the BIM4EEB BIM-based toolkit. The selected buildings are both social houses and residential apartments respecting the needs of vulnerable inhabitants. To increase the representativeness of the test case the buildings are located in three different locations with different climatic conditions, specifically Italy, Poland, Finland. For all the case studies analysed, BIM models were created with different levels of detail (LOD), which, thanks to the interaction with the BIMMS, make it possible to create a common environment for the representation and use of the data collected and subsequently shared between the different tools. Among the three demonstration sites, the Italian site is undergoing building envelope renovation interventions such as the realization of the thermal insulation with ETICS technologies and the replacement of external windows. In order to test the different tools, a demonstration procedure has been defined for them, constituted mainly by workshop activities and quantitative and qualitative evaluations. To assess the level of accomplishment with respect to stated objectives and project success a validation methodology based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was delineated. Precisely, two categories of KPIs have been identified: “mandatory” and “secondary” addressing project objectives and in connection with the literature review and project use cases and tools. To calculate the KPIs standard baselines were estimated, such as are currently in an ongoing process to assess the traditional process that can be compared with the actual value associated with the BIM-based process. The chapter will present the methods and the first intermediate results of a demonstration process that is currently not yet completed and will later see a further application of the tools in dedicated demo sites. Environmental monitoring sensors were installed in selected apartments in Polish and Italian demo site, while were installed in common spaces for the Finnish building. Specific sensors set up have been analysed and chosen to fulfil the different needs related to the specific project outcomes. Inhabitants’ availability, technical condition and flat exposition were criteria followed for the choice of apartments. Sensors allowed to improve the occupancy monitoring and to have a historical record of environmental values such as temperature, humidity and light strictly connected to users’ preferences. The mobile application about renovation activities performed and residents’ indoor home conditions—BIM4Occupants—has been installed by the users and specific workshops with inhabitants were carried out for registration purposes. The BIM Management System is currently collecting sensors’ data stream and data stream between tools such as BIM4Occupants and BIMPlanner. Project monitoring and better communication among users were tested in a different workshop by applying the BIMPlanner tool in the plans and progress site operations. The functionalities of the refurbishment scenario simulation tool—BIMeaser—were tested in qualitative and quantitative design workshops respectively with the construction professionals using the two pilot sites in Italy and in Finland and with the aim of assessing the achieved time savings of using this tool compared to the manual data input process of the scenario simulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Geraets, Dylan. "The EU’s Common Customs Tariff, Uniform Application of International Agreements, and the Demarcation between EU and Member State ‘Spheres of International Law’: SPI/SAMI." In EU External Relations Law. Hart Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509939725.ch-015.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Erlbacher, Friedrich, and Tim Maxian Rusche. "Article 207 TFEU." In The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.331.

Full text
Abstract:
Article 133 EC The common commercial policy shall be based on uniform principles, particularly with regard to changes in tariff rates, the conclusion of tariff and trade agreements relating to trade in goods and services, and the commercial aspects of intellectual property, foreign direct investment, the achievement of uniformity in measures of liberalisation, export policy and measures to protect trade such as those to be taken in the event of dumping or subsidies. The common commercial policy shall be conducted in the context of the principles and objectives of the Union’s external action.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Karingi, Stephen, Ottavia Pesce, and Lily Sommer. "Regional Opportunities in East Africa." In Industries without Smokestacks, 364–86. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821885.003.0018.

Full text
Abstract:
Significant progress has been made by the East African Community partner states in implementing the East African Community customs union. Trade within the East African Community is now free from import duties, and partner states have adopted a three-band common external tariff. This chapter assesses how the customs union has supported intra-regional trade, competitiveness, and industrialization, in particular through the development of smokestack-free industries. It concludes that regional integration has provided a supportive environment for the development of competitive smokestack-free industries and exports, but significant opportunities still exist within the region. Recommendations are provided on what policy measures should be taken to harness these opportunities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Borrás, Susana, and Charles Edquist. "Education, Training, and Skills Formation." In Holistic Innovation Policy, 83–105. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809807.003.0005.

Full text
Abstract:
The main question that guides this chapter is how governments are focusing (and must focus) on competence-building (education, training, and skills formation) when designing and implementing innovation policies. After a brief literature review, this chapter suggests a typology of internal/external and individual/organizational sources of competences that are related to innovation activities. This serves to examine briefly the most common initiatives that governments are taking in this regard. The chapter identifies three common overall obstacles and barriers in innovation systems in terms of education, training, and skills formation: the insufficient levels of skills and competences in a system, the time lag between firms’ short-term needs for specific competences and the long time required to develop them, and the imbalances between internal and external sources of competences in firms. From these, the chapter elaborates a set of overall criteria for the (re)design and choice of policy instruments that address those obstacles and barriers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Goubier, Jean-Noel, Camille Echalier, Elodie Dubois, and Frédéric Teboul. "Nerve Transfers to Recover External Rotation of the Shoulder after Brachial Plexus Injuries in Adults." In Brachial Plexus Injury [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99330.

Full text
Abstract:
Restoration of external rotation of the shoulder in adults with partial brachial plexus palsies is challenging. While nerve grafts are possible, nerve transfers are currently the most use method for satisfactory restoration of function. Numerous nerve transfers have been described, although the transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve remains the gold standard. The suprascapular nerve and the nerve to the teres minor muscle are the two preferred targets to restore external rotation of the shoulder. There are numerous nerve donors, but their use obviously depends on the initial injury. The most common donors are the spinal accessory nerve, the rhomboid nerve, branches of the radial nerve, the C7 root fascicle or the ulnar nerve. The choice for the transfer depends on the available nerves and first of all on chosen approach, whether it be cervical or scapular. It also depends on the other associated reconstruction procedures, grafts, or nerve transfers for the recovery of other functions, specifically, elevation of the shoulder and flexion of the elbow. The objective of this chapter is to present the main nerve transfers and to propose a therapeutic strategy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

"Calculi of the Parotid Gland." In Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders, 120–35. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch008.

Full text
Abstract:
Sialolithiasis is the most common disorder of major salivary glands with approximately 80% to 95% occurring in the submandibular gland and 5% to 20% in the parotid gland. Parotid stones are composed of organic substances such as cellular debris, muco-polysaccharides and glycoproteins, and inorganic substances, mainly phosphates and calcium carbonates. Conventional x-ray sialography combined with US is the method of choice for visualization of salivary gland calculi. Sialography and US are also inevitable in patient's qualification for diagnostic and therapeutic sialoendoscopy, thus avoiding sialadenectomy. An alternative, non-invasive diagnostic method is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR sialography (MRS), or unenhanced computed tomography (CT). Therapeutic options include parotidectomy, external lithtripsy, and interventional sialoendoscopy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sayama, Christina. "Ventricular Shunt Infection." In Pediatric Neurosurgery, 275–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617073.003.0031.

Full text
Abstract:
Shunt infections are most common within 2 weeks of a shunt intervention; however, they can occur at any time. Shunt infection should be considered in any patient presenting with fever during the post-operative period or redness along the shunt tract. Brain imaging and shunt x-rays should be obtained to evaluate shunt function, and contrast MRI should be obtained to evaluate for intracranial ventriculitis or abscess. Cerebrospinal fluid cultures should be obtained prior to starting antibiotics by performing a shunt tap. Broad spectrum antibiotics should be started, and when infection is confirmed, surgery to remove the shunt components and place an external ventricular drain should be performed in a timely manner. Duration and choice of antibiotic regimen depends on the speciation of the infectious agent.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Common external tariff choice"

1

Barak, Osman, and Murat Doğanay. "The Effects of the Kazakhstan-Russia-Belarus Customs Union on Turkey’s Exports and on Turkish Investors in Kazakhstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00397.

Full text
Abstract:
The customs union is a model of economic integration which is composed of free trade area among the participant countries with a common external tariff. The participant countries generally set up common external trade policy. Main establishing purposes of customs union are increasing economic efficiency, improving the global competitiveness and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. This paper analyses the concept and effects of customs union, the agreement of Bel EurAsEC Customs Union and how this agreements effects Turkish investors in Kazakhstan and export of Turkey. In this contex, a survey is implemented to Turkish companies executives, according to the survey results, it is trying to reveal whether the Bel EurAsEC Customs Union have any effects on Turkey export. Also, in this paper, the effects of Bel EurAsEC Customs Union on Turkish investors which operates in Kazakhstan, investment attitude, behavior and decisions are being explored.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

MacDonald, Erin, Richard Gonzalez, and Panos Papalambros. "Preference Inconsistency in Multidisciplinary Design Decision Making." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35580.

Full text
Abstract:
Research from behavioral psychology and experimental economics asserts that individuals construct preferences on a case-by-case basis when called to make a decision. A common, implicit assumption in engineering design is that user preferences exist a priori. Thus, preference elicitation methods used in design decision making can lead to preference inconsistencies across elicitation scenarios. This paper offers a framework for understanding preference inconsistencies, within and across individual users. We give examples of three components of this new framework: comparative, internal, and external inconsistencies across users. The examples demonstrate the impact of inconsistent preference construction on common engineering and marketing design methods, including discrete choice analysis, modeling stated vs. revealed preferences, and the Kano method and thus QFD. Exploring and explaining preference inconsistencies produces new understandings of the relationship between user and product.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ye, Naiquan, Janne K. O̸ Gjo̸steen, and Svein Sævik. "On Choice of Finite Element Type for the Filled Bodies in Umbilicals for Deep Water Application." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20677.

Full text
Abstract:
Filled bodies are often built into umbilicals to support other key components such as tubes and electric elements. These bodies play an important role in transferring the contact load between bodies when the structure is loaded. The geometrical profile can be arbitrary to fill the voids within the umbilical cross section and this causes difficulties with respect to implementation into a general finite element model. Common practice is to omit the filled bodies in cross section modeling by enabling direct contact between components. However, it has been found that the friction stress will be over estimated by this method and cause over-conservative fatigue calculations. This may be critical specially for deep water dynamic umbilicals and more accurate estimation of the friction stress is therefore needed. UFLEX2D is a non-linear finite element computer program for stress analysis of complex umbilical cross sections, see [3] and [5]. The model can handle arbitrary geometries wound in an arbitrary order including filled bodies. Contact elements are used to handle the contact between bodies due to external loading. Thin-wall shell elements were used to model the steel tubes while beam elements were used for the filled bodies in the earlier version of UFLEX2D. A beam element is treated as a rigid body incapable of deforming under external loading. It has been found that the formulation of the beam element for the filled bodies yields relatively large contact pressure for the neighboring element due to its rigidity. As a consequence, friction stress owing to the contact pressure is overestimated by the choice of the beam element for the filled bodies, however, it will be smaller than the direct contact modeling technique mentioned above. A new element type, i.e. a beam-shell element, has been developed to represent the filled bodies so as to improve the contact formulation between the filled bodies and the other surrounding structural elements. Unlike the beam element, the beam-shell element is able to deform, therefore the contact area is varying while the external load updates. The friction stress will be accordingly affected by the redistribution of the contact pressure on an updated contact area. The paper outlines how different implementations of the filled bodies will affect the distribution of the contact pressure as well as the friction stress under cyclical loading. The effect of the original contact area, as well as the development of the contact area is also a part of the study fot the three alternative models investigated.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Vareško, Andrea. "Developing the Credit Score Model Through the Common Use of Financial and Qualitative Indicators in the Evaluation of Creditworthiness." In Organizations at Innovation and Digital Transformation Roundabout. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-388-3.70.

Full text
Abstract:
The developed credit score model represents an innovative and advanced way in the credit rating process that uses both financial and qualitative indicators in estimating creditworthiness. in order to develop the model a research has been carried out in the croatian banking sector and among the consulting companies involved in the process of creditworthiness. the model has been developed based on the findings and conclusions from the conducted research and contributes in the economic science, specifically in the field of innovation and competitiveness. The balance sheet data and the indicators originating from the financial statements can be used to determine how a company was performing in the past and how successful it was. But this information tells us very little about the quality of management, market share, company plans, production process, organizational structure, etc. and nothing about the directions in which the company is developing. This means that during the process of evaluation of creditworthiness a risk analyst needs much more information than the annual financial statements can provide. That is why qualitative factors must be also considered when estimating creditworthiness. The aim of this paper is to research the importance of the common use of the proposed qualitative and financial indicators in the process of estimating creditworthiness, and, in addition, to propose a model based on the resulting research findings. In the proposed credit score model, the final credit rating is determined by the synthesis and common scoring of financial and qualitative indicators, which ultimately reflects internal and external factors that directly affect the operations of any business entity. The proposed model will certainly allow a simpler and better rating score of small, medium and large companies, and with its simplicity it will contribute to the analysis of each business entity. In the model itself, the optimal choice of financial and qualitative indicators and their weighted values were used to make a more reliable credit rating score considering the internal and external factors affecting the business. Determining credit rating by applying financial and qualitative indicators provides comprehensive and credible information about the business entity and its business risks and thus allows the making of punctual and correct business decisions, i.e. wrong business decisions are prevented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Caresana, Flavio, Gabriele Comodi, Leonardo Pelagalli, and Sandro Vagni. "Cogeneration Micro Turbine Fuelled by Solid Biomass: A Technical-Economic Study for Italy." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23515.

Full text
Abstract:
The paper presents part of the results of two studies, the European “Radar” (Raising Awareness on renewable energy Developing Agro-eneRgetic chain models) Project and the “Energy and environmental plan for the consortium of the municipalities of the Esino-Frasassi mountain area”, conducted in an area in central Italy. The area is characterized by huge forestry biomass resources and by substantial amounts of agricultural residues. The work presents a technical-economic study of a cogeneration plant using a solid biomass-fuelled micro turbine as the prime mover. The energy conversion of solid biomass can be achieved with different technologies, e.g. organic Rankine cycles, micro turbines with an external combustion chamber, or Stirling engines. The choice of the conversion system depends mainly on biomass availability and on the level of user demand. Of the conversion technologies mentioned above, the micro turbine is suitable to meet the requirements of the cogeneration plant examined here, which is applied to a low thermal demand public building. The work describes a micro turbine based on a regenerative Brayton cycle endowed with an external combustion chamber. The inlet air, after being compressed, passes through a regenerator and then through an external furnace fuelled by solid biomass, where it is further heated, and finally expands through the turbine. The outlet air of the turbine, before being funnelled through the chimney, passes through the regenerator and subsequently through a dry kiln, thereby reducing the humidity of the solid biomass. The micro turbine studied produces 75 kWe and 300 kWt. The biomass is made up of olive tree prunings. After the technical analysis, an economic study stresses the critical role of incentives systems (herein provided by the Italian legislation) in making the technology appealing to investors in renewable energy solutions. The energy and economic analysis considers different combinations of three different amounts of annual operation hours, of two operating modes (with/without cogeneration) and three purchase prices of the solid biomass. The incentives mechanism considered is the Feed-In Tariff (FiT) granted by the Italian legislation for plants < 1 MWe. The economic analysis highlights some influential factors for solid biomass-fuelled systems: contract with fuel suppliers, biomass price, availability, transportation, storage, and processing, and plant location. In particular, the purchase price of solid biomass is substantially negotiated between the manager of the energy conversion plant and suppliers. The work demonstrates the crucial role of the incentives mechanisms for economic sustainability; the strong influence of biomass price on investment profitability; and the role of cogeneration in further shortening the payback period.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Guglielmino, Emanuele, Ferdinando Cannella, Claudio Semini, Darwin G. Caldwell, Nestor Eduardo Nava Rodri´guez, and Guillermo Vidal. "A Vibration Study of a Hydraulically-Actuated Legged Machine." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37514.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a study on the impact of the vibration on a hydraulically-actuated legged robot designed for outdoor operations. The choice of using hydraulic actuation in lieu of electric actuation as is common in robotics has been driven by the need to cope with heavy loads and respond swiftly to external inputs and disturbances. However in such machines hydraulically-induced vibration (fluid borne noise and structure borne noise) is a major issue. Volumetric pumpmotor assembly is a primary cause of vibration. These are transmitted to the robotic structure, which has been designed as light as possible to minimise the robot’s total weight and power consumption and make it more agile. Initially a multi-body analysis of the robot was carried out to select an appropriate vibration isolation system. Subsequently a numerical and experimental modal analysis was carried out on the structure. The latter was carried with modal hammer tests and pump running tests. This has allowed identifying the main modes of vibration of the structure. The pros and cons of this approach are described and areas of improvements identified.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Li, Huiyu, Hua Li, and Hornsen Tzou. "Neural-Network Vibration Control of Rings With Light-Activated Shape Memory Polymer Actuators." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47019.

Full text
Abstract:
The light-activated shape memory polymer (LaSMP) is sensitive to ultraviolet light with specific wavelength. It is featured with dynamic stiffness. In this study, LaSMP is used to control the vibration of thin ring shells induced by external loading. Firstly the variation of LaSMP’s Young’s modulus is modeled. The mathematical model reflects the influence of light intensity, the decay coefficient and thickness of LaSMP. Besides, the model is suitable for LaSMPs with different reaction orders. Then, with Lamé parameters and the radii of rings the governing equations of the flexible ring laminated with LaSMP actuators are established. Love operators of LaSMP actuators are derived. Based on the mode expansion method, the modal forces of external loading and LaSMP actuators are given. The modal participation factors are analyzed with the modal forces. As the variation of Young’s modulus to the light intensity is nonlinear, the control effect of LaSMP actuators to common harmonic excitation is not perfect. Because the neural network control is effective to identify complex models, it is introduced to adjust the profile of light intensity. In the case study, the model of LaSMP’s Young’s modulus is validated with the experimental data. Then the forced harmonic responses of the ring are studied. For the mode n=2, the modal participation factor is reduced by 47.7% with the control of LaSMP actuator. To further enhance the control effect, the phase shift method is applied. With π/6 phase shift, the modal participation factor is reduced by 80.8%. With the neural network control method, the modal participation factor is cut down by 98.1%. The study shows that LaSMP actuator provides a new choice to control the forced vibration of flexible rings. It is also possible to apply LaSMP actuator to vibration control of other thin shell structures.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Siano, Daniela, Michela Costa, and Fabio Bozza. "Optimal Design of a Two-Stroke Diesel Engine for Aeronautical Applications Concerning Both Thermofluidynamic and Acoustic Issues." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68713.

Full text
Abstract:
Some aspects concerning the development of a prototype of a diesel engine suitable for aeronautical applications are discussed. The engine aimed at achieving a weight to power ratio equal to one kg/kW (220 kg for 220 kW) is conceived in a two stroke Uniflow configuration and constituted by six cylinders distributed on two parallel banks. Basing on a first choice of some geometrical and operational data, a preliminary fluid-dynamic and acoustic analysis is carried out at the sea level. This includes the engine-turbocharger matching, the estimation of the scavenging process efficiency, and the simulation of the spray and combustion process, arising from a Common Rail injection system. Both 1D and 3D CFD models are employed. In-cylinder pressure cycles are utilized to numerically predict the combustion noise. The acoustic study is based on the integration of FEM/BEM codes. In order to improve the engine performance and vibro-acoustic behaviour, the 1D model, tuned with information derived from the 3D code, is linked to an external optimiziation code (ModeFRONTIER™). A constrained multi-objective optimization is performed to contemporary minimize the fuel consumption and the maximum in-cylinder temperature and pressure gradient. In this way a better selection of a number of engine parameters is carried out (exhaust valve opening, closing and lift, intake ports heights, start of injection, etc). The best found solution is finally compared to the initial one and some substantial design improvements are discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

von Hohendorff Filho, João Carlos, and Denis José Schiozer. "Evaluation on Explicit Coupling Between Reservoir Simulators and Production System." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84228.

Full text
Abstract:
Various methodologies to model the coupling of reservoirs and production systems have been applied in the oil industry in recent years due to the need to model properly the integrated solution of models that represent the flow of fluids through the reservoir to the surface. These methodologies are used to solve the production forecast of multiple reservoirs, sharing production platforms with limited production e injection capacities ruled by complex production systems. They can be grouped into two basic types: implicit and explicit coupling methodologies. Explicit methodology can be an efficient choice to integrate simulations because allows coupling adequate simulators to model the whole system and also to grant flexibility in study of well management alternatives. However, it is necessary to test this type of procedure to check the quality of the results. Therefore, a validation study of explicit coupling methodology is presented in this work where the production system is tested on common operating conditions during production and injection of fluids, verifying benefits and limitations of explicit methodology. Some methods for improving the explicit response are proposed and evaluated. An example of application verifies the gain of flexibility in well prioritization by the group management obtained by use of an external methodology for reservoir simulator. The explicit coupling, as implemented, has shown a satisfactory result for the integration between the simulators, honoring all operating constraints set in evaluation cases. Some correction methodologies are necessaries to obtain stabilized results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Roberts, Clem, Andrew Rathbone, David Timmins, Gary Cumming, and Knut To̸rnes. "Strain lntensification Due to Material Discontinuity at Field Joints Adjacent to Thick Wall Insulation Coating." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79779.

Full text
Abstract:
High pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) subsea pipelines are increasingly being designed to buckle in a controlled manner in order to relieve axial loading. HP/HT pipelines often require insulation coating to prevent hydrate formation and to help manage internal corrosion. Thick wall polymer coatings are a common choice of insulation material in such cases. A change in local bending stiffness, for example due to the change in external coating at field joints, can result in strain localisation leading to a higher local curvature than would have occurred in an otherwise homogenous system. Industry knowledge of the influence of thick wall polypropylene is limited. The proportion of total bending stiffness attributed to the coating is much larger than typically observed in non-insulated coating systems. The polymer coating is likely to behave in an elastic manner even at elevated strain levels, i.e. those typically observed in lateral buckles. It is shown herein that significant strain intensification can occur at field joints even when the field joints appear to be of a similar configuration to that of the nominal linepipe coating. This paper presents the results of finite element (FE) analyses (using solid body elements) that have been employed to demonstrate, in highly loaded conditions such as laterally buckled pipelines, the influence of thick wall insulation coatings on strain intensification at field joints. Furthermore analytical equations have been derived as an alternative methodology for calculation of strain intensification at field joints. It is demonstrated that, even in highly loaded conditions, the analytical relationship correlates very well to results determined via the FE technique.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Common external tariff choice"

1

Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, Sajal Lahiri, and Suryadipta Roy. Political Asymmetry and Common External Tariff in a Customs Union. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2007.038.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, and Sajal Lahiri. Lobbying for a Common External Tariff from inside and out. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2012.061.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, Sajal Lahiri, and Suryadipta Roy. Enlargement and Common External Tariff in a Political-Economic Model of Customs Union. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2008.022.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Common external tariff choice' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography