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Hung, Ching Yee. "Survival strategies of common carp, cyprinus carpio, during prolonged starvation and hypoxia /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-bch-b19887346a.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005."Submitted to Department of Biology and Chemistry in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-269).
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Williams, Paul Edwin. "Evaluation of a Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Exclusion and Trapping Device for Use in Aquatic Plant Founder Colony Establishment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6038/.
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The focus of this study was to design and evaluate a trapping system that would reduce populations of common carp within water bodies in conjunction with establishment of native aquatic macrophytes founder colonies. A pond study and field study were conducted. A pond study was performed at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility, located in Lewisville, Texas, followed by a field study within a constructed wetland located in southern Dallas, Texas. For the pond study, twelve funnel traps were constructed (four reps of each type: control, dual-walled and ring cage). Two anti-escape devices were tested with funnels including steel fingers and hinged flaps. Ring cage and dual-walled treatments were planted using native pondweeds, while controls were left unplanted (additional bait and a drift fence scenarios were also tested). Common carp were introduced into the study pond. Chi-square statistical analyses were utilized and showed ring cage treatments using fingers as well as the use of a drift fence to be most effective. Following completion of the pond study, the two most effective treatments (controls and ring cages) were tested within the Dallas, Texas wetland; no carp were caught during the field test.
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Copeland, Donald Lee. "Production of Recombinant Carp Leptin and its Effects on Lipid Metabolism in the Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1342135953.
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MacCarthy, Eugene. "Pentraxins and the acute phase response in common carp Cyprinus carpio." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436139.
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周楚穎 and Chor-wing Vivian Ng. "Characterization and sequencing of sex hormone-binding globulin in common carp (cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224982.
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Ninh, Nguyen Huu. "Communal or separate rearing of families in selective breeding of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1638.
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This study reports on investigation of ways of improving the breeding programme for growth-related traits in common carp in Vietnam. The base population was synthesized following a single pair mating scheme from six carp stocks: (1) 2nd generation of family selection; (2) Hungarian 6th generation of mass selection; (3) Hungarian scaled carp; (4) Indonesian yellow 6th generation of mass selection; (5) Indonesian yellow carp; and (6) Vietnamese 6th generation of mass selection. The next two selected generations were produced using a partial factorial mating scheme, with each family being split and reared using communal early rearing (CER) or separate early rearing (SER) methods. The second generation (G2) was produced from selected fish from the CER G1 group. The total number of selection, control and reference families was 135 in the G1 and 101 in the G2 respectively. The control and reference (Hungarian P33 line) families were produced by single pair mating (reference families with the G2 only). Seven microsatellite loci were used for parentage assignment in the CER groups: 96.8% of the offspring (1284 individuals) and 96.2% offspring (1341 individuals) were unambiguously assigned to 113 families (selection, control) in the G1 and 99 families (selection, control and reference) in the G2 generations, respectively. Restricted maximum likelihood in the individual model was used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters. In CER, the estimated heritability values of common carp were from 0.20 ± 0.04 to 0.29 ± 0.05 for both weight and length at final harvest, indicating substantial additive genetic variation for selection on growth-related traits. The overall obtained maternal and common environmental effects were consistently close to zero. The average of direct response to selection for body weight was 15.0% per generation. In SER, the number of families in the G1 and G2 were 135 (selection and control) and 101 (selection, control and reference), respectively. The heritability estimates were from 0.20 ± 0.07 to 0.31 ± 0.08 at final measurement. Common environmental (full-sib family) effect were all lower at tagging and slightly higher at last measurement, ranging from 0.05 to 0.22. The response in each generation of selection as the difference between the selection and control lines was 8.1% on average for weight at final harvest, lower than under CER. The high genetic correlations of growth-related traits between the third (one year old, mature) and second (7 months old) measurements could allow selection to be based on the earlier assessment, reducing handling stress close to spawning. The benefits of using microsatellite markers to ascertain parentage, achieve greater growth rate (close to farming systems), shorten time to maturity and selection, and the overall relative merits of using CER v’s SER in this genetic improvement programme are discussed.
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Holtan, Marte Berg. "Plasma melatonin profiles in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to indoor photoperiods." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13699.
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An intervention against extreme poverty and hunger was introduced in year 2000, when all members of the United Nations agreed on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Today, 1.4 billion people live in poverty and hunger, with poor prospects for increased living standards. Nepal is one of the world’s poorest countries with most of its population living ruraly on low-income agriculture. Due to ongoing climatic changes and financial instability, the international food security is threatened. Inexpensive and low water consuming food production will therefore be an important development for times to come. In line with the MDGs, the NTNU initiated programme Sustainable Poverty Reduction in Nepal (SPRN) have started to utilize Nepal’s rich freshwater resources to develop fish farms in tandem with eco-friendly hydropower projects. The main target is to develop year-round delivery of carp fingerlings in hilly rural areas.Fish are seasonally breeding animals that use environmental signals to coordinate and control their biological rhythms. Photoperiod represents an accurate indicator of time of day and season, and may be translated into a chemical body signal, melatonin, by the pineal gland. Pineal melatonin is released during night and the secretory pattern – which reflects the environmental light/dark cycle – may exhibit one of three known patterns. A daily and annual rhythmic production of melatonin may provide the fish with a physiological capacity to anticipate and prepare for upcoming seasonal changes. Manipulation of the photoperiodic control of pineal melatonin release has been successfully used to initiate biorhythms like spawning in cultured finfish species at mid and high latitudes. The current study was performed to describe the day/night plasma melatonin levels in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during November at mid-hills Nepal (28 ºN). It represents the first part of possible development of a maturation control system for low latitude carps. Plasma melatonin levels exhibited a single peak profile during late darkphase and decreased to low daytime levels before the onset of light. When subjected to an extended night period, carp plasma melatonin rhythm appeared to repeat this profile from natural photoperiod, which may indicate a circadian clock system at work. Blood plasma cortisol levels were elevated during these experiments but are not expected to have stimulated the melatonin release. These results demonstrate a possible complex melatonin control system of type B in the Common carp kept at low latitude (Nepal).
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Chakraborty, Subhash Chandra. "Energy budget and aspects of energy metabolism in common carp, Cyprinus carpio." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1808.
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Aspects of the resting respiration rate, specific dynamic action (SDA) and components of the total energy budget of 55 - 80g common carp were studied in the laboratory. The resting respiratory rate was monitored in computer operated metabolic chambers under different photoperiods. Common carp showed a crepuscular respiratory rhythm with peaks at dawn and dusk during a 12L : 12D photoperiod, with a mean oxygen consumption of 152 mg/kg/h. When acclimated to longer or shorter photoperiods respiration was also cyclic but with a lower mean respiratory rate. In continuous light or darkness respiratory rhythm was suppressed with no significant peakings. In carp fed with three diets containing 20,35 and 50% protein at a ration level of 0.40 to 1.00% body weight per day, SDA coefficient varied from 8.99 to 15.94% and was dependent on dietary protein but not on ration levels. SDA magnitude and post-feeding peak oxygen consumption varied significantly with both dietary protein content and total daily ration level. SDA duration was only related to ration size. The pattern of food energy allocation between the major components of the energy budget varied with dietary protein content and ration levels. The energy lost as heat of metabolism was found to increase with dietary protein level and total ration. Energy lost as faeces 'F' varied from 19 - 24% of 'C' and did not appear to be related to either protein content or ration levels. Nitrogenous excretion increased with an increase of dietary protein but decreased with an increase of ration level in the diet. Regression equations were developed from the data to allow prediction of respiratory energy loss 'R', faecal energy loss 'F' and energy lost through excretion 'U' from the food ingested V. Complete energy budget models compiled from experiments conducted over a 17 days period and using different diets did not successfully predict the actual growth. The energy budget balance was between 66.04% and 81.96%. Observed growth was less than predicted growth in every trial and it is suggested that this difference might have been due to short-term cyclic growth regulation and other minor experimental features. The data presented form the basis for the first reported study of total energy budgets in Cyprinus carpio.
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Silva, Roberto de Souza Gomes da. "Obtenção de gelatina utilizando cabeças de carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio): avaliação das etapas de pré-tratamento e extração." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2010. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2574.
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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, 2010.Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-19T20:28:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao final - roberto.pdf: 715516 bytes, checksum: d89b1ff4b6ead9c473bb17918962a715 (MD5)
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A carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) é conhecida por ser geradora de quantidade considerável de rejeitos mal aproveitados por indústrias pesqueiras. Estes rejeitos são constituídos por vísceras, peles, ossos e cabeças. Diversos fatores têm contribuído para a utilização de cabeças de carpa provenientes da industrialização, dentre estes a quantidade de cabeças desperdiçadas, que pode atingir 22% do volume da matériaprima, e é uma fonte de nutrientes de baixo custo e rica em colágeno. A maioria das gelatinas comerciais é derivada de mamíferos, sendo peles e ossos de bovinos e suínos as principais matérias-primas do produto. A gelatina é de uma proteína pura, digestível, que se obtém a partir da hidrólise à quente do colágeno, e por este motivo, o pescado torna-se uma potencial fonte de matéria-prima. A aplicação da gelatina é diversificada, podendo ser utilizada na indústria cosmética, farmacêutica,fotográfica e alimentícia. O presente estudo foi dividido em dois objetivos. Primeiramente foram avaliados os efeitos da concentração alcalina, tempo de pré-tratamento e prétratamentos com ou sem troca de solução alcalina do material para a obtenção de gelatina das peles das cabeças de carpa. Foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 23 completo, e os fatores de estudo foram concentração de NaOH (3-4 M), tempo de prétratamento(45-105 min), e troca de solução de NaOH no pré-tratamento, tendo como respostas rendimento em gelatina, força do gel e ponto de fusão. Na segunda etapa, os ossos remanescentes deste processo foram utilizados para o estudo da influência da granulometria (1-2 mm) nas respostas consideradas das gelatinas extraídas da fração óssea, através da comparação das médias pela aplicação do teste de Tukey, com intervalo de 95% de confiança. Foram realizadas quatro extrações com pH e temperaturas de cada extração de 5,3-60°C, 4,4-70°C, 3,8-80°C e 3,6-85°C. Para as gelatinas extraídas das peles, o maior rendimento (2,27%) foi obtido com solução de NaOH 3 M, 45 min e sem troca de solução no pré-tratamento. Os maiores valores de força do gel (298,7 g) e ponto de fusão (29°C) foram obtidos a concentração de solução NaOH 3 M, 45 min e sem troca de solução alcalina. Para as gelatinas extraídas dos ossos, o maior rendimento (4,86%) foi obtido na granulometria de 1 mm. Os maiores valores de força do gel (128,2 e 131,5 g) não apresentaram diferença significativa (p≤0,05) e foram encontrados na primeira extração das granulometrias de 1 e 2 mm, respectivamente. Na fração óssea a 2 mm, se obteve o maior ponto de fusão, sendo 28,5°C na a primeira extração. O rendimento total da gelatina obtida a partir das cabeças de carpa foi de 7,13%.
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is known to produce large amount of byproduct does not made use for fisheries industries. These byproduct can be viscera, skin, bone and head, all riches in collagen. Several factors have been contributing to the use of the carp head coming from industrialization, among which the amount of carp head wasted, with which it can reach around 22% of the volume of the raw material, and it is a source of low costs nutrients. Most of commercial gelatin is derived from mammalian, being skins and bones of bovine and porcine the main raw material of this foodstuff. Gelatin is a pure and digestible protein, which is obtained from hydrolysis of the collagen, and for this reason, the fish become a potential source from raw material. Its application is branched out, being able to used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, photographic and food industries. The present study was divided into two parts. At first, it was valued the effect of alkaline concentration, pre-treatment time of the raw material, and treatment with and without change of alkaline solution, in the process of extraction of skin/muscles fraction gelatin of carp head coming from manufacturing processing of this fish. It was used 23 complete experimental design. Pre-treatment time (45-105 min), concentration of alkaline solution (3-4 M) and pre-treatment with change of alkaline solution were chosen as independent variable. Gelatin yield, gel strength and melting point were the response variable. At the second part, was valued of the influence of the bones granulometry (1-2 mm), remaining of the skin extraction of common carp head, in the gelatin yield, gel strength and melting point through the average results comparison by the Tukey test, where differences were considered significant at p≤0.05. It was used four extraction with pH and temperature of each extraction 5.3-60°C, 4.4-70°C, 3.8-80°C and 3.6-85°C. To the skin gelatin the higher gelatin yield (2.27%) was obtained with NaOH solution 3 M, 45 min and pre-treatment without change of alkaline solution. The higher gel strength (298.7 g) was achieved using NaOH solution 3 M, 105 min and pre-treatment without change of the alkaline solution. As for the melting point, the higher value (29.1°C) was obtained with NaOH solution 4 M, 45 min, and pre-treatment with change of NaOH solution. To the bones extraction, the higher gelatin yield was reached with size 1 mm (4.86%). The higher gel strength (128.2 and 131.5 g) were not significantly difference, and they were found in the first extraction with bones size 1 and 2 mm, respectively. Using 2 mm of granulometry, it was possible to obtain the higher melting point values, being 28.5°C to the first extraction.
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Sy, Dicken. "Characterization and purification of sex hormone binding globulin in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470484.
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Daud, Hassan Bin Hj Mohd. "Experimentally induced infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus infection in common carp ('Cyprinus carpio', Linnaeus)." Thesis, Kingston University, 1989. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20349/.
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Ahmad, Tagried S. "The effect of non-steroid growth promotants on the growth of common carp." Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14501/.
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施德恒 and Dicken Sy. "Characterization and purification of sex hormone binding globulin in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31219901.
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Penne, Christopher Rhoades. "Radio telemetry study of common carp in Clear Lake, Iowa, to guide future management." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Miest, Joanna Junack. "Apoptosis and its association with immunomodulation and disease in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/17/.
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Stimulating the Immune system of fish by oral administration of immunomodulatory substances can prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture. Yeast p( l ,3/1 ,6)-glucan, the active ingredient of the commercially available feed supplement MacroGard®, has been associated with production of microbicical and cytocidal oxygen radicals and the induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Hence it was hypothesized that the immunosuppressive effects of this substance, which were observed by some authors, could be caused by induction of apoptosis in immune cells due to oxidative stress. Utilizing molecular and immunohistochemical staining techniques it has been shown that although MacroGard® can induce apoptosis il1 vitro it is not associated with this form of cell death il1 vivo. However dietary MacroGard® influences the expression of apoptosisrelated genes in a time and organ dependent manner. Apoptosis is also associated with disease and can be modulated by both the host as a means of controlling infection, and by pathogens in an attempt to avoid the host immune system. It was thus hypothesized that bacteria (Aeromol1as saimol1icida) and vilUses (koi herpes vilUs (KHV) and spring viremia of earp virus (SVCV)) ean modulate apoptosis in carp and that this can be affected by oral immunostimulation. In this thesis it was established that the bacterial pathogen A. saimol1icida and the SVC vilUS induce apoptosis and that this is associated with changes of apoptosis-related gene expression. KHV in contrast appeared to supress apoptosis during early stages of the infection but induced it during the later stages possibly as a means to dissen'linate the vilUs. MacroGard® enhanced gene expression in response to SVCV infection and exposure to vilUs- and bacteriaassociated molecular patterns (i.e. Poly(I:C) and LPS). In conclusion, MacroGard® can influence apoptosis-related gene expression but does not appear to induce apoptosis on its own.
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Cartwright, Jamie. "Isolation, purification and detection of C-reactive protein from the common carp Cyprinus carpio." Thesis, Keele University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401043.
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Williams, Paul Edwin Hudak Paul F. "Evaluation of a common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exclusion and trapping device for use in aquatic plant founder colony establishment." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6038.
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Brown, Richard S. "Winter ecology of brown trout, white sucker and common carp in the Grand River, Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0027/NQ51182.pdf.
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Murakaeva, Asiya. "Structure, evolution and expression of the duplicated growth hormone genes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15982.
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Der Karpfen, Cyprinus carpio, ist eine tetraploide Fischart aus der Familie Cyprinidae, die vor 20-50 Mio Jahren entstanden ist. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war der Versuch, die funktionelle Rolle der duplizierten GH Gene des Karpfens durch das Studium ihrer Struktur, Evolution und Expression zu verstehen. Die Introns des zweiten GH Gens des Karpfens wurden erstmalig sequenziert und Sequenzvergleiche der kodierenden und nicht-kodierenden Bereiche von Allelen beider GH Gene wurden vorgenommen. Eine phylogenetische Analyse wurde durchgefuhrt, um die Beziehungen der GH Gene des Karpfens zu denen des tetraploiden Goldfischs und anderer diploider Cypriniden zu untersuchen. Zusatzlich wurden weitere duplizierte Gene des Karpfens, von denen einige auch fur das Wachstum von Bedeutung sind, phylogenetisch analysiert. Der Test der relativen Evolutionsrate nach Tajima (1993) zeigte einen statistisch signifikanten Anstieg der Evolutionsrate des GH I Gens beim Karpfen. Es wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit einige weitere duplizierte Genpaare des Karpfens und Goldfischs gefunden, die ebenfalls eine Lockerung funktioneller Zwange oder sogar Beweise fur positive Darwin?sche Selektion bei einem der beiden Duplikate zeigen. Der Expressionstest hat gezeigt, dass die GH I und GH II Gene auf identischen Niveaus bei Karpfenbrut exprimiert werden, wahrend bei ein Jahr alten Karpfen, drei Jahre alten Mannchen und Weibchen sowie den 10 Monate alten, an kalte Temperaturen (2°C) angepassten Fischen die Expression von GH II statistisch signifikant geringer war als die von GH I. Es wurde eine neue und einfache Methode zur Herstellung von rekombinanten, biologisch aktiven GH-Proteinen ohne Notwendigkeit des Refolding entwickelt. Sie ermoglicht spatere Tests, ob die Aktivitat von unterschiedlichen GH-Varianten des Karpfens gleich oder unterschiedlich ist.The common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is a tetraploid fish species from the family Cyprinidae that arose about 20-50 Myr ago. The aim of the present work was attempting to understand the functional role of the duplicated common carp GH genes by studying their structure, evolution and expression. The introns of the second GH gene of common carp were sequenced for the first time and sequence comparisons of coding and non-coding regions of alleles of both GH genes were carried out. A phylogenetic analysis was done to examine the relationships of common carp GH genes with GH genes of the tetraploid goldfish and other diploid Cyprinids. In addition, phylogenetic analyses were done with other duplicated genes of common carp, some of which also important for growth. The relative rate test of Tajima (1993) showed a statistically significant increase in the evolution rate of the common carp GH I gene. In addition, some other duplicated gene pairs in common carp and goldfish with relaxation of functional constraints or even evidence of positive Darwinian selection in one of the two gene duplicates were found in the present study. The test of expression rates of the two GH genes has shown that the GH I and GH II genes were expressed at similar levels in carp fry. In contrast, the expression of GH II was statistically significantly lower than that of GH I in one year old carp, three years old males and females as well as in 10 months old fish adapted to cold temperature (2°C). To enable testing the hypothesis if activity of GH diverged between different GH variants of common carp a new and simple method for production of recombinant, biologically active GH proteins without the necessity of refolding was developed.
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Lupica, Samuel J. "Nitrate Toxicity to Common Carp Measured Noninvasively by Novel Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Cortisol." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1226956326.
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Francis, George. "Effects of low dietary levels of saponins on two common culture fish - common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (L.))." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10316339.
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Lee, J. A. C. "Biochemical, biophysical and morphological studies of temperature acclimation in the intestine of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382061.
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Jafarpour, Khozaghi Seyed Ali, and ali jafarpour@rmit edu au. "Quality characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Surimi and Kamaboko and the role of Sarcaoplasmic Proteins." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081216.144930.
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This study was carried out to determine the characteristics of common carp surimi. In Australia, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an environmental pest, strongly coloured (dark-muscle fish), large (2-3 kg), low cost (AUD 2.5/kg) and not highly valued as it is every where else. Surimi could add value to carp, but the colour would have to be modified as surimi manufacturers prefer white coloured flesh. So, firstly the efficiency of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 1-3% v/v) solution at alkaline side of pH (7.0-11.5) on whitening of light fillets of common carp was examined. The whiteness (L*-3b*) of surimi produced from treated (3% H2O2, pH 8.2) common carp light fillets was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than that of threadfin bream surimi and was not significantly different to that of Alaska pollock. Based on a temperature sweep test, a similar pattern in G of tested surimi was observed which started at ca. 47?C and was completed at ca. 73-74?C. However, thread fin bream kamaboko showed better texture profile characteristics (hardness and gel strength) than that of the other kamaboko tested. To improve the quality of common carp surimi and kamaboko, alternative methods were applied such as modified conventional method (MCM), alkaline-aided method (AAM) and pH modified method (PMM) and the resultant surimi and kamaboko were compared with those produced by the traditional method (TM). In MCM each washing cycle was followed by a centrifugation step for a more effective dewatering and removal of sarcoplasmic proteins (Sp-P). Kamaboko prepared from MCM was whiter and had significantly (p less than 0.05) improved textural characteristics (hardness and gel strength) than that from TM, AAM and PMM. Furthermore, SEM of surimi and kamaboko showed higher number of polygonal structure/mm2 in the gel matrix of MCM kamaboko, as a result of more cross-linking of the myofibrillar proteins, than that recorded for TM, AAM and PMM samples tested. Finally, this study examined the effect of adding common carp sarcoplasmic proteins (Sp-P) on the gel characteristics of threadfin bream surimi and kamaboko. Based on the temperature sweep test, the depths of the valley in the G thermograph of the gels decreased as the concentration of added Sp-P increased from 5% to 35%. Storage modulus (G) of the gels showed greater elasticity in the samples with added Sp-P compared with the control samples without added Sp-P. Furthermore, the breaking force and breaking distance and consequently gel strength of the resultant kamaboko were improved, significantly (p less than 0.05) with added Sp-P. Thus, added Sp-P did not interfere with the gelling of myofibrillar proteins during sol-gel transition phase and was associated with textural quality enhancement for the resultant kamaboko. However, the addition of freeze-dried Sp-P from the dark muscle of the carp decreased the whiteness of the resultant surimi. Furthermore, the gel strength could not be associated with either the number of polygonal structures/mm2 or the area of the polygonal structures.
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Lee, R. S. "The development of Sanguinicola inermis Plehn. 1905 (Digenea : Sanguinicolidae) in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517743.
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Beach, Mark Andrew. "Experimental studies on the control and regulation of feeding in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.)." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315493.
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Cols, Vidal Montserrat. "Cellular and molecular analysis on apoptosis in the immune cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436183.
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Chakravarthy, Chitra. "Apoptosis in the immune system of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) : a cellular and molecular approach." Thesis, Keele University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397483.
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Mohan, C. V. "Modulatory effects of cadmium and copper on the susceptibility and immune response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L) to selected pathogens." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280056.
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Pionnier, Nicolas. "Immunomodulation of the innate response in common carp Cyprinus carpio by β-glucan feeding and pathogenic infection." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.699664.
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Two major components of the common carp Cyprinus carpio innate response, i.e. the C-reactive protein (CRP) and the complement system, have been analysed in common carp either orally immunostimulated with β-glucan or infected with a pathogen or both. Immune response was examined at different levels, from serum circulating protein levels or activity to related gene expression in a wide range of immune related tissues such as liver, head kidney, mid-gut, gills and spleen. In addition, recombinant technologies were investigated in order to generate and produce subsequent amounts of carp CRP. Oral administration of β-glucan significantly stimulated carp CRP and complement responses with elevated serum CRP levels and complement activity and up- and down regulation of related genes in immune related tissues from 7 days of treatment. A subsequent intraperitoneal injection of LPS or Poly(I:C) as mimicries of bacterial and virus infection respectively also did have significant effects on the production (gene expression) and the circulation (scrum levels or activities) of these acute phase proteins. In addition, results from a challenge conducted on common carp with Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have shown that β-glucan enhanced and stimulated carp CRP and complement responses to the bacterial infection. These findings arc of importance in respect to the use of β-glucan as an alternative low cost strategy to the use of vaccines or antibiotics to enhance and stimulate the fish immune system. Innate response was analysed in carp infected with the Koi Herpes Virus (KHV), the etiological agent of a virulent and lethal disease. Results have shown a serum CRP level 10 fold increase and a serum complement activity 5 fold increase in less than 72 hours, revealing that CRP and complement act as acute phase reactants in response to KHV infection in common carp.
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Brogden, Graham [Verfasser]. "Cell-pathogen interactions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Studies on cell membranes and neutrophil responses / Graham Brogden." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1046662090/34.
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Syakuri, Hamdan [Verfasser]. "Studies of intestinal barrier functions of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, under feeding modulation and pathogen challenge / Hamdan Syakuri." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1030453527/34.
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Hossain, M. A. "Nutritional evaluation of some Bangladeshi oilseed by-products as dietary protein sources for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1803.
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The nutritional suitability of some Bangladeshi oilseed by-products (mustard, Brassica juncea; linseed, Linum usitatissimum; sesame, Sesamum indicum) as fish meal substitutes in carp diets was investigated. These protein sources were shown to cause depressed growth and feed efficiency when substituting 25% or more of the fish meal protein in semi-purified diets. However, the use of these oilseed meals in combination was found to be more effective than that of single sources. Supplementation of plant protein diets with crystalline EAA improved their nutritive value. Growth performance was better in fish fed diets supplemented with all deficient EAA than in fish fed diets supplemented with the first limiting EAA. Nutrient digestibility studies with these plant proteins suggested reasonable agreement between apparent protein digestibility (APD) and average apparent amino acid digestibility (AAAD). APD and AAAD values ranged from 78.9% to 85% and 82.4% to 85.8% respectively. Both aqueous and enzyme treatments were effective in reducing (49% and 57% respectively) the anti-nutritional factors (e. g. allyl isothiocyanate) in mustard oilcake. In linseed and sesame meals heat treatment was the most effective (reducing phytic acid levels by 72% and 74% respectively). Use of detoxified meals in diets improved growth performance and food utilization compared to untreated meals. Dietary phytic acid in the presence of increased levels of calcium and magnesium significantly (p < 0.05) depressed growth, food utilization and mineral bioavailability (especially Ca and Zn) in carp. Carp were shown to be tolerant of a dietary glucosinolate (allyl isothiocyante) level of 0.4 mg glucosinolate/g diet without inhibiting growth performance or adverse effects on fish health. However, fish fed diets containing higher levels of mustard oilcake or allyl isothiocyanate showed abnormal changes in thyroid tissues. The results of this study are discussed in relation to previously published research on fish and other monogastric animals.
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Steele, IV William B. "Tissue-specific Bioconcentration Factor of the Synthetic Steroid Hormone Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Mpa) in the Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500141/.
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Due to the wide spread occurrence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a pharmaceutical compound, in wastewater effluent and surface waters, the objectives of this work were to determine the tissue specific uptake and bioconcentration factor (BCF) for MPA in common carp. BCFs were experimentally determined for MPA in fish using a 14-day laboratory test whereby carp where exposed to 100 μg/L of MPA for a 7-day period followed by a depuration phase in which fish were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for an additional 7 days. MPA concentrations in muscle, brain, liver and plasma were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The results from the experiment indicate that MPA can accumulate in fish, however, MPA is not considered to be bioaccumulative based on regulatory standards (BCF ≥ 1000). Although MPA has a low BCF value in common carp, this compound may cause reproductive effects in fish at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Ahmed, Arafat R. "The effect of dietary chromium (III) on growth and carbohydrate utilization in mirror and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) L." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1091.
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The aim of feed formulation in aquaculture is to supply a suitable diet that provides nutritional requirements at relatively low cost. Carbohydrates are the most economic energy source for animals compared to protein and lipid; however, fish have limited capacity for dietary carbohydrate utilization. Trivalent chromium is an essential micronutrient for carbohydrate metabolism in vertebrates. The primary objective of this thesis was to enhance understanding of the effects of organic and inorganic forms of Cr on carbohydrate utilization, growth performance, gene expression and activity of specific key liver enzymes in carp Cyprinus carpio. In addition, effects of dietary Cr on body composition, Cr tissue content, blood cells DNA damage, and tissue histopathology (liver and gut) were evaluated. The first experiment (Chapter 3) tested levels of dietary Cr (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg Cr kg-1 as Cr chloride) to determine Cr requirement; the second experiment (Chapter 4) compared bioavailability of different forms of Cr (Cr chloride, Cr picolinate, and Cr yeast); and the third experiment (Chapter 5) evaluated different levels of Cr yeast (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg Cr kg-1) on utilization of a starch or dextrin-based diet. A Cr supplementation of 0.5 mg Cr kg-1 (regardless of form of Cr) produced highest growth performance; whereas 2.0 mg Cr kg-1 did not differ from control. The 0.5 mg Cr kg-1 also enabled carp to utilize complex carbohydrates (e.g., starch) and did not affect final body composition. Only 2.0 mg Cr kg-1 caused DNA damage in blood cells and tissue damage (liver and gut histopathology). Cr content in whole body increased with dietary Cr, but Cr did not affect hexokinase gene expression. Overall, results indicate that Cr can improve growth performance of carp and that Cr supplementation can enhance utilization of carbohydrates in fish feed.
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Chaimongkol, Atra Dunham Rex A. "Disruption of embryonic development in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and channel catfish, Istalurus punctatus, via knock down of BMP2 gene for repressible transgenic sterilization." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1594.
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Crockford, Tony. "The effects of temperature acclimation on the expression of contractile protein isoforms in the skeletal muscle of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14940.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 1. Part A reviews the current knowledge of temperature acclimation in teleost fish,with particular emphasis on skeletal muscle. There appear to be two types of response to low temperatures, dormancy or a homeostatic response. The homeostatic response serves to compensate for the reduced reaction rate usually seen at lower temperatures. In some species both responses occur depending on the water temperature. Part B reviews polymorphism in muscle proteins. All the myofibrillar proteins have been shown to exist as isoforms, which are differentially expressed in muscle types and with development. The isoforms expressed appear to be related to the contractile properties of the muscle. Chapter 2. The parvalbumin content, isoforms, and calcium binding characteristics were studied in the white muscle of 5° and 25° acclimated carp (Cyprinus carpio). The total parvalbumin concentration was 0.61-0.68mmols/kg wet weight. Two calcium binding sites per molecule and a dissociation constant of 2.1-2.4x10-6 M were measured. No differences related to acclimation temperature were observed. Chapter 3. The myofibrillar ATPase from white muscle of 8° and 20°C acclimated carp (Cyprinus carpio) u/as shown to increase in cold-acclimated fish at both high and low assay temperatures. Electrophoretic analysis of the myofibrillar proteins showed a unique myosin light chain isoform to be present in cold-acclimated fish, and a unique troponin I isoform to be present in warm acclimated fish. The presence of tropomyosin and troponin T isoforms in carp white muscle was also noted. The (MLC3 + extra MLC):MLC1 ratio was found to be lower in cold- than in warm-acclimated fish Chapter 4. Myosin heavy chains and actin from the white muscle of carp (Cyprinus carpio) acclimated to 2°, 5°, 8°, 11° C, 15°, and 23° were studied by peptide mapping. No differences were found between fish from any of the acclimation temperatures for either protein. Chapter 5. The major findings of the study are discussed, in relation to the mechanisms that produce protein isoforms, and with reference to further studies.
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Kongchum, Pawapol. "Isolation of innate immune response genes, expression analysis, polymorphism identification and development of genetic markers for linkage analysis in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77300.
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Since the late 1990s, common carp and koi production enterprises around the world have suffered enormous losses due to a viral disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3). Genetic variation in resistance to CyHV-3 infection was observed in different common carp strains, indicating that disease resistance can be improved by selective breeding. Marker-assisted selection is a breeding strategy that can accelerate genetic gain; however, this approach requires genetic markers and a genetic linkage map. To develop molecular tools for breeding CyHV-3-resistant aquaculture stock, several candidate genes for antiviral innate immune response from common carp were isolated, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. SNP markers for common carp immune response genes were developed for testing their linkage to disease resistance and for generating a genetic linkage map.
Common carp immune response genes were isolated using degenerate primers developed from conserved peptide regions among other fish species for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The amplified products were cloned and sequenced. Gene-specific primers were designed based on the isolated carp gene sequences to amplify gene fragments from genomic DNA of three carp strains and koi. The amplified products were cloned and sequenced to identify SNPs. For the genes that are duplicated, locus-specific primers were used for PCR amplification. SNPs were identified in several genes, including TLR2, TLR3a, TLR3b, TLR4a, TLR4b, TLR7a, TLR7b, TLR9, TLR21, TLR22, MyD88a, MyD88b, TRAF6a, TRAF6b, type I IFN, IL-1β, IL10a and IL10b. Putative SNPs were genotyped in a SNP discovery panel consisting of different common carp strains and koi to evaluate their allele frequencies and in a full-sib family to validate their segregation patterns using the SNaPshot method. Validated SNPs were used to genotype a mapping family. Twenty-three SNPs (19 exonic and 4 intronic SNPs) were informative in a mapping family. Among these genes, polymorphisms in IL10a suggested a possible association with resistant and susceptible phenotypes of CyHV-3-challenged fish. These SNPs will be analyzed with a set of approximately 300 microsatellites to generate a second-generation genetic map and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting resistance to CyHV-3.
Among the common carp genes that were isolated and sequenced, TLR9 is known for its ability to detect viral DNA and requires adaptor molecules MyD88 and TRAF6 for signal transduction. Therefore TLR9, MyD88 and TRAF6 may be important candidate genes for mediating host antiviral response to CyHV-3. To elucidate possible functions of these genes, full-length cDNAs of common carp TLR9, MyD88 and TRAF6 were isolated and tissue-specific mRNA expression was determined. cDNA sequences of MyD88 and TRAF6 revealed that these genes are duplicated. These findings were the first report of MyD88 and TRAF6 duplications in a vertebrate. Protein domain characterization demonstrated that structural characteristics of these genes are conserved and resemble those of other vertebrates, indicating that common carp TLR9, MyD88 and TRAF6 genes may have identical functions with their mammalian orthologs. The mRNA expression of TLR9, MyD88a and b, and TRAF6a and b varied among tissues. Differential expression of the MyD88 and TRAF6 paralogous transcripts were observed in muscle tissues, suggesting that one paralog has evolved and attained a non-immune function. This genomic information will facilitate further research to better understand the ligand specificity of TLR9 and the role of TLR9, MyD88 and TRAF6 in the common carp immune response.Ph. D.
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Gilad, Oren. "Characterization and control of the koi herpesvirus (KHV), a newly recognized pathogen of koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Winker, Henning. "Post-impoundment population dynamics of non-native common carp Cyprinus Carpio in relation to two large native cyprinids in Lake Gariep, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005156.
Full textAbstract:
To contribute to the understanding of the invasion biology of common carp Cyprinus carpio in southern Africa, this thesis investigated the life history, relative abundance, long-term population demographics and trophic niche utilisations of non-native common carp C. carpio in relation to two endemic cyprinids, Orange River mudfish Labeo capensis and smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus in South Africa‟s largest impoundment, Lake Gariep. The growth zone deposition rates in astericus otoliths of the three species were validated as biannual for C. carpio and as annual for L. capensis and L. aeneus, which allowed for reliable estimation of lengths-at-age upon which growth, age-at-maturity and mortality rates could be estimated. Cyprinus carpio exhibited fast growth, matured relatively early at two years of age and attained a maximum age of seven years. Labeo capensis grew significantly slower, but attained older ages of up to 12 years. Females showed notably delayed maturation at approximately six years of age. The life history parameter estimates for L. aeneus were similar to those of L. capensis. These species-specific life history characteristics contributed to a substantially higher population growth potential of C. carpio compared to L. capensis and L. aeneus. Delta-lognormal and delta-gamma Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were used to analyse patterns of relative abundance of L. capensis, L. aeneus and C. carpio. The application of these GLMs was necessary to account for large proportions of zeros and strong skewness in the catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) from experimental gillnet and fisheries-dependent angler surveys. Confidence intervals around predicted abundance indices were obtained through the development of a generalised parametric bootstrap procedure. The resulting standardised abundance indices were coupled with results from analysis of stable isotope ratios of fish tissues and potential food resources and revealed that C. carpio was mainly confined to soft-bottom habitats, where it predominantly foraged on benthic invertebrates. Labeo capensis was abundant in a wide range of benthic habitats and was consumed basal food resources such as detritus. Labeobarbus aeneus was found to feed mostly on pelagic zooplankton. There were no significant interspecific differences in trophic niche space, suggesting limited resource competition among the three species. Standardised historical and contemporary gillnet CPUE data indicated slow population growth rates of L. capensis and L. aeneus during the first ten years postimpoundment, but showed high biomass levels some four decades after impoundment. These results could be corroborated by stochastic age-structured production model (ASPM) simulations. In contrast to the two endemic species, the gillnet CPUE of C. carpio showed a clear „boom and bust‟ pattern, which, based on ASPM simulations, could be best explained by increased food availability during the first five years postimpoundment, followed by suboptimal conditions thereafter. Together, these results provided evidence that the establishment of the C. carpio population did not prevent the slow but successful long-term establishment of the two large endemic cyprinids. Both endemic fishes revealed specialised feeding within the impoundment.
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Murakaeva, Asiya [Verfasser], G. A. [Gutachter] Brockmann, P. [Gutachter] Hammerstein, and R. [Gutachter] Tiedemann. "Structure, evolution and expression of the duplicated growth hormone genes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) / Asiya Murakaeva ; Gutachter: G. A. Brockmann, P. Hammerstein, R. Tiedemann." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1208076329/34.
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HULÁK, Martin. "Sex control of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85761.
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Jeng, Juinn-ho, and 鄭俊和. "Expression of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Rhodopsin." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11054338718160377917.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
85
In order to understand the physiology of the fish vision, we constructed a plasmid, pET32-Rho, which encoded the coding region of rhodopsin cDNA and was driven by T7 promoter. The recombinant rhodopsin is a fusion protein with thioredoxin and 6 histidine residues at the amino terminus. After IPTG induction, the cell extracts of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) containing pET32-Rho was collected and run through the Ni2+ affinity column chromatography, and then their proteins were analyzed by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results demonstrated that a band with molecular mass of 55 kD was shown on the gel, but no positive reaction for western blot analysis by using anti-bovine rhodopsin polyclonal antibody(CERN886). The coding region of rhodospin cDNA was inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector, pBAC-Rho, under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Linearlized virus DNA and the construct plasmid were co-infected Sf9 cells. Cells infected by recombinant virus were screened, purified and amplified. Extracts of insect cells infected with the recombinant virus at MOI of 5 after 72 hours. postinfection we recollected and treated with histidine-bind column.. Three major bands of 58 kD, 40 kD, and 36 kD were shown on the gel. However ,they were all immunologically positive with the polyclonal antibody (CERN886) in which the 40 kD band was excepted as recombinant rhodopsin. Further confirmation study remains to be investigated.
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"Cloning of pollutant inducible genes from common carp, cyprinus carpio." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888789.
Full textAbstract:
Chan Pat Chun.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-177).
Acknowledgments --- p.i
Presentations Derived from the Present thesis Work --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.iii
Abbreviations --- p.v
Abbreviation Table for Amino Acids --- p.viii
List of Figures --- p.ix
List of Tables --- p.xi
Contents --- p.xii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Environmental Pollutants --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Pollutant Inducible Genes (PIGs) --- p.1
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Classification of PIGS --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Drug Metabolizing Enzymes/Proteins --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Stress Proteins --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Antioxidant Enzymes --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.1.4 --- "Hormones, Growth Factors and Their Receptors" --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.1.5 --- Enzymes/Proteins Involved in Bioenergetics --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.2 --- PIGs as a Field of Study --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Study of the Mechanism of Detoxification and Toxication --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Biomarker Study --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Study of Regulation of Gene Expression --- p.11
Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Study of Evolution --- p.12
Chapter 1.3 --- Aims and Rational of the Present Study --- p.12
Chapter 2 --- General Methodology --- p.15
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Reagents --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Preparation of Plasmid DNA --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Preparation of Genomic DNA --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Purification of Total RNA --- p.16
Chapter 2.1.1.4 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion --- p.16
Chapter 2.1.1.5 --- Capillary Blotting of DNA (Southern Blotting) --- p.16
Chapter 2.1.1.6 --- Capillary Blotting of Total RNA (Northern Blotting) --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.1.7 --- Hybridization --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.1.8 --- Library Screening --- p.18
Chapter 2.1.1.9 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.18
Chapter 2.1.1.10 --- Transformation of E. coli Competent Cells --- p.19
Chapter 2.1.1.11 --- Nucleotide Sequence Determination --- p.19
Chapter 2.1.2 --- List of Primers --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Primers used for Nucleotide Sequence Determination --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Primer Used for First Strand cDNA Synthesis --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Primers for Amplifying Actin cDNA Fragment --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Common Carp MT Specific Primers --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.2.5 --- Teleost CYP1A Specific Primers --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.2.6 --- Common Carp CYP1A Specific Primers --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.2.7 --- Primers and Cassettes for the Cloning of5' Upstream Regions of MT Genes --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Accession Numbers of Selected P450 and MT Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences in the Genebank --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- MTs of Different Teleost Species --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- MTs of Other Vertebrate Species' --- p.22
Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- P450s of Different Teleost Species --- p.22
Chapter 2.1.3.4 --- CYP1s of Different Mammalian Species --- p.22
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of Plasmid --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of Genomic DNA --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Purification of Total RNA --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Capillary Blotting of DNA (Southern Blotting) --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Semi-dry Capillary Blotting --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Alkaline Transfer --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Transfer of Digested Genomic DNA on to Nylon Membrane --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Capillary Blotting of Total RNA (Northern Blotting) --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Radioactive Labeling of Nucleic Acid Probes --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Hybridization --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Library Screening --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.9.1 --- Construction of Liver cDNA Library of Adult Common Carp --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.9.2 --- Preparation of Plating Cells --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.9.3 --- Phage Tittering --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.9.4 --- Primary Screening --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.9.5 --- Secondary Screening
Chapter 2.2.9.6 --- Conversion of Phage DNA to Phagemid by invivo Excision --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.10 --- First Strand cDNA Synthesis --- p.29
Chapter 2.2.11 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.29
Chapter 2.2.12 --- Ligation of DNA with Linearized Plasmid --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.13 --- Transformation of E. coli Competent Cell --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.14 --- Nucleotide Sequence Determination --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.15 --- Densitometric Analysis --- p.31
Chapter 3 --- "Cloning of Common Carp MT cDNA and Gene, and Induction of MT mRNA Expression" --- p.32
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.32
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Metals in Biological System --- p.32
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Metallothionein --- p.33
Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Functions of MT --- p.26
Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Regulation of MT Expression --- p.39
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Fish MTs --- p.44
Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Detection of MT in Teleost --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- MT Studies in Common Carp --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Specific Aims of This Chapter --- p.49
Chapter 3.2 --- Strategies --- p.50
Chapter 3.3 --- Specific Methods --- p.50
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Cloning of MT cDNAs of Common Carp --- p.50
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Analysis of MT cDNA Sequences --- p.51
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Southern Blot Analysis of Common Carp Genomic DNA --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Amplification of MT Gene Fragments Using PCR --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Amplification of the 5' Upstream Regions of MT Genes Using PCR --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Endogenous MT mRNA Expression of Juvenile and Adult Common Carp --- p.54
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Induction of MT mRNA of Juvenile Common Carp Injected with Cadmium --- p.55
Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.56
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Cloning of Common Carp MT cDNAs --- p.56
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Analysis of the MT cDNA Sequences --- p.57
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Southern Blot Analysis of the Common Carp Genomic DNA --- p.59
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Amplification of the MT Gene Fragments of Common Carp Using PCR --- p.62
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Amplification of the 5' Upstream Regions of MT Genes using PCR --- p.65
Chapter 3.4.6 --- Endogenous MT mRNA Expression of Juvenile and Adult Common Carp --- p.67
Chapter 3.4.7 --- Induction of MT mRNA of Juvenile Common Carp Injected with Cadmium --- p.68
Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.72
Chapter 3.5.1 --- MT cDNAs of Common Carp --- p.72
Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- Coding Region --- p.72
Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- The 3' Untranslated Region --- p.75
Chapter 3.5.1.3 --- The 5' Untranslated Region --- p.76
Chapter 3.5.2 --- MT Genes of Common Carp --- p.77
Chapter 3.5.3 --- MT mRNA Expression of Common Carp --- p.82
Chapter 3.5.4 --- Normalization of the Signals of Northern Blot Analysis --- p.85
Chapter 3.5.5 --- Common Carp MT mRNA as Biomarker of Heavy Metal Exposure? --- p.87
Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.89
Chapter 4 --- Cloning of Common Carp CYP1A cDNAs and Induction of CYP1A mRNA Expression --- p.90
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.90
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Cytochrome P450s --- p.90
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) --- p.93
Chapter 4.1.3 --- AhR Mediated CYP1A1 Gene Induction --- p.94
Chapter 4.1.3.1 --- Anthropogenic Sources of AhR Ligands --- p.95
Chapter 4.1.3.2 --- Natural Sources of AhR Ligands --- p.97
Chapter 4.1.3.3 --- Potency of Inducibility --- p.97
Chapter 4.1.3.4 --- Induction of CYP1A1 Gene Transcription by AhR --- p.98
Chapter 4.1.3.5 --- Non-AhR Mediated CYP1A1 Gene Transcription? --- p.105
Chapter 4.1.4 --- CYP1A Studies in Teleost Species --- p.107
Chapter 4.1.4.1 --- Regulation of CYP1A in Teleost --- p.109
Chapter 4.1.4.2 --- Detection of CYP1A in Teleost --- p.111
Chapter 4.1.4.3 --- CYP1A Studies of Common Carp --- p.113
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Specific Aims of This Chapter --- p.114
Chapter 4.2 --- Strategies --- p.115
Chapter 4.3 --- Specific Methods --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.1 --- RT-PCR of CYP1A cDNAs of Common Carp --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Determination of the Nucleotide Sequences of the CYP1A cDNAs of Common Carp --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Library Screening --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Analysis of the CYP1A Genes of Common Carp --- p.121
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Induction of CYP1A mRNA of Common Carp Injected with 3-MC --- p.122
Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.123
Chapter 4.4.1 --- RT-PCR of CYP1A cDNAs of Common Carp --- p.123
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Determination of the Nucleotide Sequences of the CYP1A cDNAs of Common Carp --- p.124
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Library Screening --- p.124
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Analysis of the CYP1A Genes of Common Carp --- p.128
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Induction of CYP1A mRNA of Common Carp Injected with 3-MC --- p.131
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.134
Chapter 4.5.1 --- On the Use of Rainbow Trout CYP1A1 cDNA Probe --- p.134
Chapter 4.5.2 --- CYP1A cDNAs of Common Carp --- p.134
Chapter 4.5.3 --- CYP1A Genes of Common Carp --- p.138
Chapter 4.5.4 --- CYP1A Expression in Uninduced and Induced Tissues --- p.142
Chapter 4.5.5 --- The Use of CYP1A cDNAs As Biomarkers --- p.146
Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.148
Chapter 5 --- General Conclusion --- p.149
Chapter 6 --- References --- p.153
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Huang, Yun-Cheih, and 黃韻潔. "Studies on Distribution of the 43 kDa Zn-Binding Protein in Common Carp, Grass Carp, Silver Carp and Tilapia by Using Immunoassay." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14620432929980057945.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
94
Abstract Common carp always has high concentration of zinc in its digestive tract tissue which mainly comes from a 43 kDa zinc-binding protein. Detergent (lubrol) was used to extract this 43 kDa zinc-binding protein from living organism. Lubrol only could extract 5% of the zinc-binding protein from nuclei/cell debris fraction of digestive tract tissue of common carp. Adding 4 M guanidine hydrochloride to the lubrol increased the extraction ratio to 85%. Zn2+-IMAC and SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the major protein in the guanidine/lubrol extract was the 43 kDa zinc-binding protein. In immunoassay, the guanidine/lubrol extracts reacted with the antibody against 43 kDa zinc-binding protein dose dependently. A standard calibration curve of the guanidine hydrochloride/lubrol extract against the immuno-response was obtained. The standard calibration curve was used to examine whether the 43 kDa zinc-binding protein exist in the guanidine hydrochloride/lubrol extract of other fishes. It was found that the 43 kDa Zinc-binding protein both exist in common carp’s kidney and spleen. The 43 kDa zinc-binding protein also existed in the digestive tract tissue and spleen of grass carp and silver carp which are the same families of Cyprinidae. However, the protein does not exist in the muscle of common carp, grass carp and silver carp. In tilapia, the species and genus are far from common carp, in all tissue tilapia no immuno-response against the antibody of 43 kDa zinc-binding protein was found. Existence of the 43 kDa zinc-binding protein in animal tissue seems to be related to organisms’ species and genus.
45
"ONTOGENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PERSONALITY IN COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-08-1179.
Full textAbstract:
The field of animal personality has been growing rapidly in the past 10 years, yet relatively little attention has been given to development of personality through ontogeny. To understand the stability of personality traits throughout animal’s life is particularly important as behavioural tendencies are likely to change in response to the different trade-offs animals face at each stage of the life cycle. The purpose of this research was to examine the stability of personality traits in common carp but also to determine whether personality traits can affect production of induced morphological defences in this species.
To investigate the presence of behavioural syndrome and the stability of individual behaviours through ontogeny, common carp were monitored for a period of 10 months. Two different tests were used to investigate cross-situational consistency in behavioural traits: exploration and risk-taking. Juvenile carp were monitored at different time intervals to assess behavioural stability. Finally, morphometric data were collected to examine the link between body morphology and behavioural traits.
No initial cross-situational consistency in behaviours was observed in juvenile common carp. Ranking of behaviour traits was consistent over a period of 14-16 weeks but not when the time interval was longer. Young carp that ranked lowest in both shelter use and activity used shelter significantly more compared to those individuals that ranked highest in use of shelter and activity even after a 10 month period. Development of a deeper body was also associated with the extreme levels of shelter seeking and activity. Fish pre-determined as being “Active” increased their body depth significantly more than did “Passive” fish. To my knowledge, this is the first study directly linking personality traits and change in body morphology in an aquatic species.
46
"Characterization of common carp (cyprinus carpio) insulin-like growth factor genes." 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895734.
Full textAbstract:
by Yu Wai Fu, Jason.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-120).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.i
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTORDUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Historical Overview --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Insulin-Like Growth Factors I and II --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- IGF Receptors --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.3 --- IGF Binding Proteins --- p.7
Chapter 1.3 --- Origin and Production of IGFs --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.1 --- The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-GH-IGF-I Axis --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Factors Regulating IGF production --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Expression of IGFs in the Central Nervous System --- p.11
Chapter 1.4 --- Actions of IGFs --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Insulin-like Metabolic Effects --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Mitogenic Effects --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Effects on Differentiation --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.4 --- IGFs in Reproductive System --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.5 --- IGF Actions in the Central Nervous System --- p.14
Chapter 1.5 --- Transgenic and Knockout Animal Models for IGFs --- p.15
Chapter 1.6 --- Molecular Biology of IGFs --- p.17
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Structure of the IGF Genes --- p.17
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Expression of IGF Genes --- p.21
Chapter 1.6.3 --- Regulation of IGF Gene Expression --- p.23
Chapter 1.7 --- IGF Receptors --- p.24
Chapter 1.7.1 --- IGF-I Receptor --- p.24
Chapter 1.7.2 --- IGF-II Receptor --- p.26
Chapter 1.8 --- IGFBPs --- p.26
Chapter 1.9 --- Teleost IGFs --- p.28
Chapter 1.9.1 --- The GH-IGF-Axis in Teleost --- p.28
Chapter 1.9.2 --- Osmoregulation and Other Biological Actions of IGFin Teleost --- p.29
Chapter 1.9.3 --- Molecular Biology of IGFs in Teleost --- p.30
Chapter 1.9.4 --- IGFBPs and IGF Receptors in Teleost --- p.31
Chapter 1.10 --- Rationale and Aim of the Present Study --- p.32
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- SEARCH OF IGF-I PROMOTER BY GENOMIC DNA POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION --- p.34
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.34
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials --- p.35
Chapter 2.3 --- Methods --- p.39
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of Genomic DNA from Carp Testis --- p.39
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion of Genomic DNA --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Ligation of the Cassette to Digested Genomic DNA --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Amplification by PCR --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Gene Clean Using Sephaglas´ёØ BandPrep Kit (Pharamica) --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Cloning of PCR Products --- p.43
Chapter 2.3.7 --- Transformation of Competent Cell (Heat Shock Method) --- p.43
Chapter 2.3.8 --- Small Scale Alkaline Preparation of Plasmid DNA --- p.44
Chapter 2.3.9 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion to Release the Insert --- p.45
Chapter 2.3.10 --- Large Scale Plasmid Preparation of the Positive Clone --- p.45
Chapter 2.3.11 --- DNA Sequencing of the Positive Clone Using the T7 DNA Polymerase Sequencing Kit (Pharmacia) --- p.46
Chapter 2.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.49
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- ISOLATION OF GENOMIC CLONES CARRYING THE IGF-I GENE --- p.55
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.55
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials --- p.56
Chapter 3.3 --- Methods --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Preparation of the Plating Host Cells --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Phage Titering --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Primary Screening of Common Carp Genomic Library --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Preparation of Radioactive Nucleic Acid Probes --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Purification of the Positive Clones --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Purification of DNA from Lambda Phage Using Sephaglas´ёØ PhagePrep Kit (Pharmacia) --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion Release of Inserts --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.8 --- Capillary Transfer of DNA to Nylon Membrane Under Alkaline Condition --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.9 --- Southern Analysis of the 10 Positive Clones --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.10 --- Restriction Mapping of the Clone P1 --- p.64
Chapter 3.3.11 --- Subcloning of the Fragments of the Clone PI into Plasmid Vector --- p.64
Chapter 3.3.12 --- IGF-I Specific PCR --- p.64
Chapter 3.3.13 --- Amplification of Introns from the Clone P1 Using PCR --- p.67
Chapter 3.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.70
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RNA ASSAY USING REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION- POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION --- p.83
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.83
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials --- p.85
Chapter 4.3 --- Methods --- p.86
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Administration of Hormones --- p.86
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Injection Time Course1 --- p.86
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Injection Time Course2 --- p.86
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Total RNA Extraction --- p.87
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Rapid RNA Isolation --- p.87
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Electrophoresis of RNA in Agarose Gel Containing Formaldehyde --- p.88
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Rapid Isolation of PolyA+ mRNA from Total RNA --- p.89
Chapter 4.3.5 --- IGF-I Specific RT-PCR --- p.90
Chapter 4.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.92
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- SEARCH FOR IGF-II GENE USING GENOMIC SOUTHERN BLOT ANALYSIS --- p.101
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.101
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials --- p.103
Chapter 5.3 --- Methods --- p.104
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Preparation of Genomic DNA from Carp Testis --- p.104
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Restriction Enzyme Digestion of Genomic DNA --- p.104
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Southern Blotting of the Digested Genomic DNA --- p.104
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Preparation of the Trout IGF-II Specific Probe --- p.104
Chapter 5.3.5 --- Genomic Southern Hybridization --- p.105
Chapter 5.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.106
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION --- p.109
REFERENCES --- p.112
47
"Common carp (cyprinus carpio) IGF-II: molecular cloning and expression studies." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890718.
Full textAbstract:
Tse Chui-ling.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-146).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgments --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
論文撮要 --- p.iii
List of Figures and Tables --- p.iv
Abbreviations --- p.vi
Table of contents --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Literature review --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- An overview of IGFs --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Molecular biology of IGFs --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- IGF-I and IGF-II genes and mRNAs --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Amino acid sequences of IGF-II --- p.8
Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Imprinting of IGF-II --- p.12
Chapter 1.1.3 --- IGF distribution in tissues and body fluids --- p.14
Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- IGF in serum --- p.14
Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- IGF binding proteins --- p.16
Chapter 1.1.4 --- IGF receptors --- p.19
Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- Structures of the IGF receptors --- p.20
Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Ligand binding of the IGF receptors --- p.21
Chapter 1.1.4.3 --- Signal transduction and biological response --- p.22
Chapter 1.1.5 --- Biological effects of IGF --- p.24
Chapter 1.1.6 --- Expression of recombinant IGF --- p.28
Chapter 1.2 --- Rationale and Objective --- p.29
Chapter Chapter II --- Methodology --- p.33
Chapter 2.1 --- Design of degenerate primers --- p.33
Chapter 2.2 --- Cloning --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.1 --- DNA extraction from agarose gel --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Linearization and dephosphorylation of plasmid DNA --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Blunt-end ligation of amplicon with linearized plasmid --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.4 --- T/A ligation of amplicon with linearized plasmid --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Sticky end ligation of foreign DNA with linearized plasmid --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Preparation of competent of E. coli stain DHI5α cells --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Transformation of plasmid vector into competent cells (heat-shock/ electroporation) --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.8 --- "Spread single colony, PCR check clone and inoculation" --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Small scale alkali preparation of plasmid DNA --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.10 --- Large scale preparation of plasmid DNA --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.11 --- Nucleotide sequencing --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.11.1 --- Manual sequencing --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.11.2 --- PCR sequencing --- p.43
Chapter 2.3 --- Northern blot --- p.45
Chapter 2.4 --- Preparation of radio-labeled probe and hybridization of radio-labeled probe to nylon immobilized nucleic acid --- p.46
Chapter 2.5 --- RACE --- p.48
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Design of gene-specific primer --- p.51
Chapter 2.5.2 --- First strand cDNA synthesis --- p.51
Chapter 2.5.3 --- TdT tailing of cDNA --- p.52
Chapter 2.6 --- Poly-A tract extraction --- p.53
Chapter 2.7 --- Tissue distribution of mRNA --- p.53
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Tissue preparation --- p.53
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.54
Chapter 2.7.3 --- Formaldehyde agarose gel electrophoresis of RNA --- p.54
Chapter 2.8 --- RNAse protection assay --- p.55
Chapter 2.8.1 --- Antisense probe generation --- p.56
Chapter 2.8.2 --- Preparation of the sample RNA --- p.58
Chapter 2.8.3 --- Hybridization --- p.58
Chapter 2.8.4 --- RNase digestion of hybridized probe and sample RNA --- p.59
Chapter 2.8.5 --- Preparation of radioactive marker --- p.60
Chapter 2.8.6 --- Separation and detection of protected fragments --- p.60
Chapter 2.8.7 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.61
Chapter 2.9 --- Injection of GH --- p.62
Chapter 2.10 --- Recombinant protein expression --- p.62
Chapter 2.10.1 --- Plasmid construction --- p.62
Chapter 2.10.2 --- Expression --- p.63
Chapter 2.11 --- Resolution of proteins on SDS-PAGE --- p.63
Chapter 2.12 --- Purification --- p.64
Chapter 2.13 --- Western transfer --- p.64
Chapter 2.14 --- Immunodetection --- p.65
Chapter Chapter III --- Results & Discussion --- p.67
Chapter 3.1 --- Isolation and characterization of IGF-II cDNA and its gene organization --- p.67
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.67
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Results --- p.68
Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Generation of a fragment of the common carp IGF-II cDNA by PCR --- p.68
Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Isolation of the full length common carp IGF-II cDNA by RACE. --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Nucleotide sequence analysis --- p.74
Chapter 3.1.2.4 --- Relationship of common carp IGF-II to common carp IGF-I and insulin --- p.78
Chapter 3.1.2.5 --- Confirmation of the presence of IGF-II in common carp --- p.79
Chapter 3.1.2.6 --- Multiple mRNA forms of common carp IGF-I and IGF-II --- p.80
Chapter 3.1.2.7 --- Gene organization of the common carp IGF-II gene --- p.83
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Discussion --- p.86
Chapter 3.2 --- Tissue specific distribution of IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA and their hormonal regulation --- p.90
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.90
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Results --- p.94
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- RNase protection assay measurement of tissue mRNA levels in juvenile and adult common carp --- p.94
Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Expression of IGF-II mRNA during larval development --- p.99
Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Effect of GH on IGF-I and IGF-II mRNA levels in brain and Hver of juvenile common carp --- p.102
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Discussion --- p.106
Chapter 3.3 --- Recombinant common carp IGF-II expressed in E. coli --- p.110
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.110
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Results --- p.112
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Product of recombinant common carp IGF-II --- p.112
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Purification of common carp IGF-II --- p.115
Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Immunodetection --- p.117
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.118
Chapter Chapter IV --- General conclusion --- p.120
Appendix: Reagents --- p.124
Reference list --- p.130
48
Yang, Jen-Lee, and 楊仁理. "Toxic effects of semiconductor metal gallium on common carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92255453647507538376.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
動物學研究所
91
Gallium (Ga) is one of the intermetallic elements that are increasingly being used in making high-speed semiconductors. III-V compound semiconductors, such as GaAs and InGaAs, are important materials in the manufacture of optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits in the semiconductor industry. The research on gallium compound for use in semiconductors had been accompanied by an increasing amount of toxic materials released as potential toxic wastes, which were harmful to health and environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of gallium concentrations on common carp (Cyprinus caripo L.). Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of gallium for fry (4 weeks old, 0.202 ± 0.006 g in body weight) and juvenile (12 weeks old, 2.3 ± 0.19 g in body weight) carp were obtained. LC50 value of fry carp at 96-h exposure was 12.55 mg/L, and LC50 value of juvenile carp was 19.78 mg/L after same exposure duration. Based on above datum, fry carp were exposed to sublethal levels of gallium (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg L-1) in a four-week testing period, and the effects on the growth rate were assessed. Decreasing growth rates were observed at the two highest exposure concentrations. At a gallium concentration of 1.0 mg/L, no inhibition of growth was observed in the present study. Juvenile carp were exposed for two weeks at 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 Ga mg L-1. Changes in gills Induced hyperplasia of epithelial cells, subepithelial edema, and fusion of secondary lamellae in treated fish. Pathological alternations of the kidney were frequently found in tubular epithelia. These lesions appeared with increased severity at higher gallium levels. Juvenile carp were exposed to three different sublethal levels of gallium (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg L-1) in chronic toxicity tests. During a 28-day testing period, serum metabolic enzyme activity (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was analyzed every 14 days. An increase of enzyme activity in serum was observed, particularly at the two highest exposure concentrations. Furthermore, it was found that means of the measured serum biochemistry parameters (including glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride) of these exposed groups significantly differed from those of the untreated group (p < 0.05). And, deformation of erythrocytes according to the peripheral blood smears examination at higher exposure levels (4.0 and 8.0 mg Ga L-1). Electron microscopy investigations revealed ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes which were correlated with exposure concentrations and exposure time. Cytopathological effects included nuclei with irregular outlines and heterochromatin, fragmentation and vesiculation of endoplasmic reticulum, and disruption of mitochondria. Moreover, proliferation of lysosomes with electron-dense bodies and lipid inclusions were also found in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Apoptotic lymphocytes of juvenile carp spleen were identified and quantified by light microscopic in situ nick end labeling, electron microscopy, DNA gel electrophoresis, and apoptotic lymphocytes counting. Apoptotic lymphocytes increased in number at 12 h (5.5%) and peaked at 24h (13.2%) after the gallium injection. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining for labeling of DNA fragmentation showed apoptotic lymphocytes were located on the margin of spleen neighboring epithelium. Apoptotic cells were phagocytosed by macrophages under electron microscopic observation. And ladders were found after 24h administration of gallium. Because the common carp is an important cultured fish species in fishponds near semiconductor manufacturing districts in Taiwan, it is a suitable model species to study the toxicity of semiconductor-related metals. And many wastewater discharges contain a mixture of pollutants, the combined effect of gallium with copper or zinc has to be carried out. The purposes of this study were to investigate the toxic effects of sublethal gallium concentrations on common carp. All of these findings support gallium being a potential pollutant, although no adverse effects following industrial exposure have been reported to date. However, the present results will provide information which can be used to objectively institute measures to minimize the pollution by gallium and its impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
49
Lo, Jung-Yu, and 羅榮煜. "Distribution and accumulation of the zinc in hematopoietic tissues of common carp." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86918625018149247901.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
98
In order to know the zinc concentration in the hematopoietic tissues (head kidney, kidney and spleen) of the common carp, we respectively analyze the common carp from fish market (stressed fish) and from the laboratory (rested fish). The zinc concentration in the blood, head kidney, kidney and spleen of grass carp, silver carp and tilapia were also studied for a comparison. Zinc concentration in the blood of the common carp from fish market is 18.1±16.9 μg/ml whole blood, with a great individual difference. The zinc concentration in the head kidney, kidney and spleen of the common carp from fish market are 665±547,268±227 and 204±260 μg/g fresh tissue, respectively. The head kidney, kidney and spleen of the grass carp, silver carp and tilapia are between 10-20 μg/g fresh tissue with little individual difference among different species and different tissues. However, the zinc concentration in the blood, head kidney, kidney and spleen of common carp (stressed fish) are significantly higher than that of the laboratory (rested fish), and the main differences between the two groups are the zinc in the cells. The experiment also indicates that when the common carp were fed high zinc diet, the zinc will accumulate in the hematopoietic tissue (head kidney, kidney and spleen).
50
Fang, Szu-Wei, and 方思幃. "Proliferation of the hematopoietic cells in common carp head kidney under stress." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84952913948457436199.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
100
The cell and zinc levels in the blood of stressed carp are higher than those of resting carp, at the same time, the cell and zinc levels in head kidney of stressed carp are also higher than those of resting carp. Head kidney is the hematopoietic organ of common carp, the increases of cell level in the blood under stress, may be produced by head kidney. In order to understand how the cells in head kidney of carp proliferate, and the relationship between proliferation and zinc, market carp (stressed carp) and laboratory carp (resting carp) were used as materials. The cells in head kidney of 15 resting carps and 14 stressed carps were separated by Percoll density into 2 layers, layer 1 (ρ = 1.02) and 2 (ρ = 1.07), respectively, and the cell levels in different layers were measured. It was found that the cell levels in layer 1 of stressed carp is significantly higher than those in resting carp, being 532x106 cells/g tissue to 118x106 cells/g tissue. The cell levels in layer 2 were 746x106 cells/g tissue to 776x106 cells/g tissue, respectively, there is no significant difference between the stressed and resting carp. In layer 1, the main proliferated cells had a cell size of ~ 6 μm, for the stressed carp being 354x106 cells/g tissue, and for resting carp being 86x106 cells/g tissue, the difference was 4 times. In light-microscopic observation of the Giemsa stain, most of the cells in layer 1 were round in size about 6 μm. They have thin layer cytoplasm and a round nucleus, it is very similar to hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor. The immunofluorescent stain with an antibody against the 43-kDa zinc-binding protein indicates there is more immunofluorescent response in the cells in layer 1 of the stressed carp. Ther results of staining with o-Dianisidine indicate there are more RBC in layer 2 of stressed carp. The cells of common carp head kidney were serial subcultured with 4 types of medium: medium (DMEM/F12) only, medium + 10 % carp serum, medium + 10 % carp serum + 0.3mM ZnCl2, and medium + 0.3mM ZnCl2. At different time intervals, the cultured cells were separated into 2 layers by Percoll density, layer 1 (ρ = 1.02) and layer 2 (ρ = 1.07), respectivey; and the cell level was measured. It was found that the group of medium + 10% carp serum + 0.3mM ZnCl2 has the best growth. Zinc induced the cells in carp head kidney to proliferate, but needed the supplementation of carp serum. In order to know the growth curve of the cell of carp head kidney under supplementation with or without zinc, the cells of carp head kidney were cultured with carp serum and zinc or carp serum only from h0 to h96. The cultured cells were then separated by Percoll density. The results indicate the cell levels in the group supplemented with carp serum and zinc of layer 1 at h0 was 3.60x106 cells/ml and at h96, 12.5 x106 cells/ml. The population doubling time of cells in layer 1 supplementaed carp serum and zinc was only 6 h, compared to that supplemented with serum only being 19 h. The layer 1 cells after being cultured for 3 days with zinc and carp serum were staind with an antibody against the 43-kDa zinc-binding protein. The results indicate that the 6 μm cells have immunofluorescent response. Besides, there are more RBC cells in layer 2. Zinc not only induce layer 1 cells to proliferate, but may also promote cell to differentiate to RBC. When carps are under stress, zinc is released from its digestive tract tissue to blood, then transported to head kidney. Zinc is possibly bound to transferrin in blood. In the head kidney, zinc-transferrin complex may be bound to transferrin receptor on hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor cells of the head kidney. This may further the cells proliferate to become RBC to help the carps to overcome stress.