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Journal articles on the topic 'Commodification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Fais, Nor Lutfi. "Komodifikasi Al-Quran." MAGHZA: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir 6, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/maghza.v6i2.4848.

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Religion commodifications, including the issue of the Quran, are not a real breakthrough in socio-religious studies. Various studies have been carried out. However, the current studies are still limited to descriptions of the variety of commodification and problems that occur and have not reached yet the aspect of dismantling the social intrigues in them. For this reason, this study intends to read the commodification of the Quran as a social phenomenon and at the same time expose the hidden aspects in it. This study uses the social theory of The Consumer Society, initiated by Jean Baudrillard which includes aspects of commodification, media shaping, and social shifting paradigm: needs towards desires and lifestyles, by adopting relevant disciplines of the Quran such as riwayat, qira ah and tajwid. The object to be studied is Mushaf Al-Quran Grand Maqamat or known as Al-Quran Digital Talking Pen Grand Maqamat. After conducting the study, it was found that the commodification of the Quran that occurred was part of the industrialization effort of the Qur’an by using religious actors as an excuse and as a marketing medium. Commodification that occurs is also not in line with the spirit of necessity which refers to the concepts of riwayat, qira ah and tajwid in the Quran.

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2

Werle, Raymund. "Commodification and De-Commodification of Knowledge." Science & Technology Studies 14, no. 2 (May 15, 2001): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.101322.

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3

Xue, Ming. "Strategic commodification." HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 1153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/717955.

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4

Shultz, Marjorie M., and Margaret Jane Radin. "Questioning Commodification." California Law Review 85, no. 6 (December 1997): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3481084.

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Austen, Giles, Sarah M. Jennings, and Jeffrey M. Dambacher. "Species Commodification." Review of Radical Political Economics 48, no. 1 (June 10, 2015): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613415586980.

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6

Bai, Lingxiao, and Shixiu Weng. "New Perspective of Cultural Sustainability: Exploring Tourism Commodification and Cultural Layers." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 21, 2023): 9880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15139880.

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Commodification is an important research issue regarding cultural sustainability. This paper draws on the theory of cultural layers to understand tourism commodification and the development of local cultures. Through 76 days of field investigation and about 60 face-to-face interviews, this paper explores the characteristics of tourism commodification in festivals and rites related to sacrifices to Genghis Khan and the relationship between its five layers of commodification. Research findings reveal that commodification mainly occurs in the layers of artifacts and patterns of behavior. In addition, the process of tourism commodification does not necessarily follow the sequence of cultural division from the outside to the inside; instead, the deeper layer of commodification will inevitably drive the commodification of its outer circle, and different layers of commodification display different social problems as well. It is also found that this theory is suitable for other tourism commodification cases examined in existing studies. Taken together, analyzing tourism commodification through layered thinking can unveil the degree of commodification, offer an avenue to address the extant debate over the pros and cons of tourism commodification, and provide a basis for guiding the regulation of tourism commodification more effectively.

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Tiwari, Neil. "The Commodification of Cryptocurrency." Michigan Law Review, no. 117.3 (2018): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.117.3.commodification.

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Cryptocurrencies are digital tokens built on blockchain technology. This allows for a product that is fully decentralized, with no need for a third-party intermediary like a government or financial institution. Cryptocurrency creators use initial coin offerings (ICOs) to raise capital to build their tokens. Cryptocurrency ICOs are problematic because they do not fit neatly within either of two traditional categories—securities or commodities. Each of these categories has their own regulatory agency: the SEC for securities and the CFTC for commodities. At first blush, ICOs seem to be a sale of securities subject to regulation by the SEC, but this is far from clear and creates regulatory difficulties. This is because the Howey test, which determines whether an asset is a security or not, does not cleanly apply to nontraditional assets, like tokens. This Note argues for a revised standard that reconciles Howey with cryptocurrencies. This standard would require cryptocurrency creators to show how essential blockchain technology is to their token if they want to fall beyond the scope of the Howey test, and consequently SEC regulation. This standard would still preserve regulatory protections from fraud, which the CFTC provides for investors while loosening regulatory restrictions on the cryptocurrencies that leverage blockchain technology most usefully.

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Ma'rufah, Hafidhoh. "REPRESENTASI KOMODIFIKASI AGAMA PADA IKLAN WEBSERIES MIRACLE OF HIJRAH OLEH PRIMALAND." Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 28, 2023): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jish.v8i2.18081.

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Developments in technology and information bring changes to the pattern of product marketing. Marketing advertisements undergo various transformations, from print advertisements to ads in the form of videos, from short videos to videos in the form of web series. In its development, too, sharia-based products are increasingly familiar to the public. One form of Sharia product is Sharia-based housing. This residence offers religious facilities such as a prayer room and an archery field. In addition, Sharia housing also uses non-usury payments using an in-house scheme. It is undeniable that the commodification of religion accompanies the advertisements being promoted. Through residential advertisements in the form of web series, Primaland markets its various Sharia residential products. Various commodifications of faith are found in this advertisement. Three forms of commodification were found: Islamic iconography (description of identity), the use of figures with Muslim influencer backgrounds, and the existence of advertising texts or religious messages conveyed through dialogues in web series.

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Wei, Chen, and Guoquan Zheng. "Measuring and Evaluating the Commodification of Sustainable Rural Living Areas in Zhejiang, China." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043349.

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This study aims to construct an evaluation index system to measure the commodification of living space in Chinese rural areas and investigate the spatial characteristics of the commodification. Based on the dataset collected from public institutions in Zhejiang province, this study applies the entropy method to calculate the weights of the evaluation indicators and the commodification level. The results reveal that overall commodification levels of rural spaces in Zhejiang Province are different from each other due to different levels of economic development, transportation, tourism resources, and government support. In addition, this study suggests appropriate commodification strategies corresponding to the commodification development potential of the four types of rural living spaces (i.e., advanced development areas, promotion development areas, transformation development areas, and potential development areas). This study provides an evaluation index system measuring the commodification of rural living places and guidelines for effectively developing commodification of rural places.

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10

Birken, L. "Commodification and Sexology." Telos 1989, no. 81 (October 1, 1989): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3817/0989081162.

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Murtola, Anna-Maria. "Experience, Commodification, Biopolitics." Critical Sociology 40, no. 6 (January 22, 2014): 835–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920513494230.

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12

Lee, Dong Ok. "Commodification of Ethnicity." Urban Affairs Quarterly 28, no. 2 (December 1992): 258–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004208169202800204.

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13

Dolata, Ulrich. "Privatization, curation, commodification." Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie 44, S1 (May 27, 2019): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11614-019-00353-4.

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14

Moor, Liz. "Sport and Commodification." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 31, no. 2 (May 2007): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723507300480.

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15

Keulartz, Jozef. "Conservation through Commodification?" Ethics, Policy & Environment 16, no. 3 (October 2013): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2013.843379.

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Lysandrou, Photis. "Globalisation as commodification." Cambridge Journal of Economics 29, no. 5 (January 10, 2005): 769–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei025.

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Rangnekar, Dwijen. "Commodification of seeds." Science as Culture 6, no. 2 (January 1996): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505439609526469.

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18

Pamungkas, Bayu, Warto Warto, and Mugijatna Mugijatna. "NEGOTIATION BETWEEN STAKEHOLDERS OF COMMODIFICATION: Roles and Impacts as Stakeholders in Tebing Breksi Prambanan." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 21, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v21.n1.p111-120.2019.

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Commodification practice always deals with 3 parties, which our society, government, and private institution. Considered as cultural preservation, Tebing Breksi becomes an object of commodification in Sambirejo Prambanan since 2014. Its commodification arises several conflicts among its stakeholders due to each stakeholder has their own importance and interest. Compared to other commodification practices, bottom-up tourism management is applied that making the commodification of Tebing Breksi differs to others. This research is remarkable dealing with its findings that differenciate the commodification practice between society and government or private institution. This research aims to find the implication of commodification for tourism field using bottom-up tourism management. Whereas, the main purpose of this research is to describe the negotiation between stakeholders of commodification in Tebing Breksi. The method of this research is ethnography by applying in-depth reporting. The findings of this research prove that negotiation between stakeholders of commodification is the impact of a different way of thinking as well as the group’s interest in each stakeholder. Nevertheless, the changes happen among society in Tebing Breksi confirmed Tebing Breksi as an alternative tourism attraction in Prambanan.

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AR, Abd Razaq, Islahuddin, and Abdul Khakim. "Komodifikasi Konten Berbagi Uang dalam Akun Youtube Baim Paula." Jurnal Al-Hikmah 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/alhikmah.v20i1.80.

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Entertainment content generated by social media, one of which is YouTube, is now able to compete with conventional audio-visual media events. The amount of new media entertainment content is also increasingly diverse as there are more content creators and market competition is getting bigger. One of the content creators that has the largest viewers and subscribers in Indonesia is Baim Wong's Baim Paula YouTube account which has been watched two billion viewer. Baim Paula's account takes advantage of the content commodification process to produce products that are liked by netizens. This study focuses on analyzing the commodification of content on the theme of "sharing money" on Baim Paula's Youtube account with Vincent Mosco's theory of commodification. Mosco explained that commodification consists of commodification of content, audition and workers. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that Baim Paula's account was able to take advantage of the commodification process to generate billions of viewers and get advertisements. The commodification used is the commodification of content and the commodification of workers. These two codifications have succeeded in making Baim Paula's YouTube money sharing show a high rating and benefits

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20

Gold, Natalie. "The limits of commodification arguments: Framing, motivation crowding, and shared valuations." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 18, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x19825494.

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I connect commodification arguments to an empirical literature, present a mechanism by which commodification may occur, and show how this may restrict the range of goods and services that are subject to commodification, therefore having implications for the use of commodification arguments in political theory. Commodification arguments assert that some people’s trading a good or service can debase it for third parties. They consist of a normative premise, a theory of value, and an empirical premise, a mechanism whereby some people’s market exchange affects how goods can be valued by others. Hence, their soundness depends on the existence of a suitable candidate mechanism for the empirical premise. The ‘motivation crowding effect’ has been cited as the empirical base of commodification. I show why the main explanations of motivation crowding – signaling and over-justification – do not provide mechanisms that could underpin the empirical premise. In doing this, I reveal some requirements on any candidate mechanism. I present a third explanation of motivation crowding, based on the crowding out of frames, and show how it fulfills the requirements. With a mechanism in hand, I explore the type of goods and services to which commodification arguments are applicable. The mechanism enables markets to break down ‘shared valuations’, which is a subset of the valuations that proponents of commodification arguments are concerned with. Further, it can only break down relatively fragile shared understandings and therefore, I suggest, it cannot support a commodification argument regarding the sale of sexual services.

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21

Jayendra, Putu Sabda, and I. Wayan Restu Suarmana. "KOMODIFIKASI PERAN BALIAN SEBAGAI THERAPIST SPIRITUAL DI FIVELEMENTS HOTEL, DESA MAMBAL, KECAMATAN ABIANSEMAL, KABUPATEN BADUNG." Cultoure: Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata Budaya Hindu 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55115/cultoure.v3i1.1801.

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The development of tourism and the hotel industry has implications for commodification. Basically, commodification is something that is modified so that it becomes of commodity value. One of these phenomena can be seen in the commodification of Balian's roles and functions at the Fivelements Hotel, which is located in Mambal Village, Abiansemal sub-district, Badung Regency. Balian is actually historically a profession that uses spiritual power to heal someone's illness. For the Balinese people, the Balinese profession is something magical, not just anyone can do it, and has high spirituality. Balian's profession and services are then used by Fivelements hotel to become one of the most iconic attractions. Fivelements Hotel, which is located at Mambal Village, Abiansemal District, Badung Regency, offers Balian services to its guests as healers or spiritual therapists. This phenomenon makes it something that is anti-mainstream and has essentially proven the commodification of its role. Moving on from this, this research analyzes the problem covering three things, namely; 1) the factors causing the commodification of the Balian role, 2) the forms of commodification of the Balian role as a spiritual therapist, and 3) the implications of the commodification of the Balian role as a spiritual therapist at Fivelements Hotel.Keyword : Balian, commodification, therapist, spiritual

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22

Jacob, Merle. "Rethinking Science and Commodifying Knowledge." Policy Futures in Education 1, no. 1 (March 2003): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2003.1.1.3.

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Several commentators have remarked that universities are now under constant pressure to promote the commodification of knowledge produced by faculty and students. Although academic opinion on the implications of the drive to commodification remains divided, there is a general consensus that at the very least it has the potential to change the conditions for conducting science. This article provides an analysis of the debate and practices associated with the commodification of knowledge produced in universities. The article concludes that the commodification of knowledge is part of a global process of commodifying everything and that academics are both promoters and victims of the commodification of knowledge.

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23

Allasso, Elisha Orcarus. "Stand Up Sinden: Komodifikasi Dalam Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit dan Live Streaming Youtube." Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ret.v11i2.6318.

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The creation of YouTube content and live streaming of wayang kulit (shadow puppet performance) on the personal channel of a dalang (puppeteers) represents an effort on the part of the individual dalang to gain viewers and expand consumer base. The performance of the sinden (singer) who stands, dialogues, sings and dances during the wayang performance is a special attraction for the audience of wayang fans (this article uses the term “stand up sinden”). This article will broadly discuss the form of commodification that occurs in the stand up sinden practice seen in Ki Seno Nugroho’s (KSN) wayang show streamed on Youtube. This discussion aims to examine the form of commodification that occurs in the stand up sinden phenomenon and its possible future impact, especially in the world of wayang performing arts. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with document data sources (including personal and Youtube social media channel sites), interviews, and participant observation conducted by the author. This research suggests that the commodification that occurs in the KSN shadow puppet show that employs stand up sinden is in accordance with Vincent Mosco’s thoughts on the three aspects of commodification: content commodification, audience commodification, and worker commodification. Of the three aspects, content commodification is the most dominant form of commodification in KSN performances, especially for stand up sinden. Stand up sinden, as a trend of commodification in wayang shows, influences other artists to make various efforts to match the same level of performance standards. The commodification that occurs in KSN performances on the one hand can facilitate and give pleasure to the achievement of the coveted sales of the performing artists. On the other hand, performances that lead to commodification erode the objective consciousness of the audience owing to instrumental/media logic, and things that become popular quickly also risk being quickly abandoned, due to the flow of new interests for other creative industries. The influence of commodification also tends to make artists cater to audience will and may suppress their own artistic will in their works.

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Istiyanto, S. Bekti, and Retno Dyah Kusumawati. "Does The Sexual Violence The Fault Of Man Or The Fault Of Woman's Stupidity? When Religious Commodification and Offensive Marketing Go Hand in Hand." ETTISAL : Journal of Communication 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2024): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/ejoc.v8i2.11643.

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Religious commodification, especially Islamic commodification has been rampant in modern times. This phenomenon also emboldens brands with religious symbolism to conduct offensive marketing, namely Rabbani. This research further investigates the integration of religious commodification and offensive marketing conducted by the Rabbani brand. This research utilized a qualitative and descriptive approach through the case study of Rabbani offensive marketing. The findings of this research are Rabbani has benefitted from religious commodification practices. This in turn emboldens Rabbani to engage in offensive marketing by attacking Muslim women who did not wear the veil. This research implies that religious commodification could also bring a negative impact, especially if this practice is coupled with offensive marketing. Thus, consumers need to be more critical and not easily convinced by the offerings of products that rely on religious commodification, especially if these products use unethical marketing practices such as offensive marketing.

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Meriska Yosiana and Ratna Wulandari. "KOMODIFIKASI TUBUH PEREMPUAN PADA TARIAN JOGED BUMBUNG BALI DI YOUTUBE." Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 2, no. 04 (July 25, 2023): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/jukim.v2i04.797.

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The discussion on women never ends, the complex issues for women as the second class of gender make this interesting. The purpose of this study is to find out the changes in used value into economic value through the commodification of the female body in the Joged Bumbung dance Bali on YouTube. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. In the Joged Bumbung Bali dance that is on the YouTube FANDY BALI Channel with the title Negaroa Top Bumbung Dance, there are three forms of commodification, namely commodification of content, commodification of audiences, and commodification of workers. The highest is the commodification of workers through the commodification of dancers' bodies to attract performers. Keywords: Commodification, Women, Joged Bumbung ABSTRAK Pembicaraan terhadap perempuan tidak pernah ada habisnya, permasalahan yang kompleks bagi perempuan sebagai gender kelas kedua membuat hal ini menjadi menarik. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat perubahan nilai guna menjadi nilai ekonomi melalui komodifikasi tubuh perempuan pada tarian joged Bumbung Bali yang ada di YouTube. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif qualitatif. Di dalam tari Joged Bumbung Bali yang ada di YouTube FANDY BALI Channel dengan judul Tarian Bumbung top Negaroa ini terdapat ketiga bentuk komodifikasi yaitu komodifikasi konten, komodifikasi audiens, dan komodifikasi pekerja. Yang paling tinggi itu yaitu komodifikasi pekerja melalui komodifikasi tubuh penari untuk menarik pengibing. Kata Kunci: Komodifikasi, Perempuan, Joged Bumbung

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Aryadi Putra, Jro Made Gede, Nyoman Adi Putra, Nyoman Suarka, and A. A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara. "Spiritual Commodification Discourse of Kanda Pat in Bali Healing Tourism." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 8 (September 4, 2020): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i8.1941.

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The phenomenon of Kanda Pat's spiritual commodification in Bali tourism healing is an interesting thing to look at. On the one hand, Kanda Pat in Balinese society is still a local belief, but there is also a brand that is used as a modern spiritual healing brand. The purpose of this study is to reveal the occurrence of commodification, the form of commodification, and its implications. The approach used in this study is the study of culture with a theoretical foundation based on a critical paradigm. This study reveals the causal phenomena of spiritual commodification, namely commodification requires changes in merchandise of commodities through the packaging of spiritual elements with high image values. The form of spiritual commodification includes all forms of spiritual means and practices that are packaged in such a way as to be of economic value, and in particular in this study, the spiritual Kanda Pat. The implication of Kanda Pat's spiritual commodification is the strengthening of Kanda Pat's spiritual existence, spiritual healing service competition, reproduction of local spiritual discourse, and the trend of spirituality in Bali as an international tourist destination.

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Kamminga, Menno R. "The Protestant Dimension of the Ethical Critique of Carbon Commodification." Philosophia Reformata 80, no. 1 (May 26, 2015): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23528230-08001004.

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Some influential philosophers have argued that carbon commodification is a morally bad means of combating global climate change. This article argues that the ethical critique of carbon commodification derives moral coherence and strength from its implicit religious foundation, that is, the “Protestant” understanding of social ethics on which it relies. The argument is threefold. First, the ethical critique of carbon commodification is not a strictly ethical position, as it typically depends on prophetic indictment as well as moral-philosophical concerns. Second, the ethical critique of carbon commodification involves a secularized continuation of the “Protestant” tradition within Christian thought. Third, its “Protestant-ness” gives the ethical critique of carbon commodification critical power, as the very occurrence of climate change implies coherency problems for the opposing dominant “Roman” tradition.

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Porcheddu, Federica. "Nature and food commodification. Food sovereignty: Rethinking the relation between human and nature." Filozofija i drustvo 33, no. 1 (2022): 189–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2201189p.

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The article aims to explore the link between commodification of nature and commodification of food. The latter is in fact one of the most negative and controversial aspects of nature commodification. The examination of food commodification represents fertile ground for investigating the relationship between humans and nature. In this context, food sovereignty provides a useful paradigm that not only serves as an alternative to the current food regime, but also allows for the experiencing a different kind of relationship between humans and nature. Food sovereignty represents a unique social movement in which community, political, and cultural rights are intertwined with the issue of food. Through its multidisciplinary approach and its strongly ethical component, food sovereignty constitutes an opportunity in order to contrast the progressive commodification of nature and of the environment.

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Sobande, Francesca, Laetitia Mimoun, and Lez Trujillo Torres. "Soldiers and superheroes needed! Masculine archetypes and constrained bodily commodification in the sperm donation market." Marketing Theory 20, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593119847250.

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Extant research on bodily commodification emphasizes contexts, where market actors can pursue commodification in relatively unconstrained ways. However, scant research examines how marketers foster bodily commodification in markets, where institutional constraints limit the value which can be extracted, produced and/or exchanged. We fill this gap by studying sperm donation services in the United Kingdom and Australia, where a number of governmental regulations limit bodily commodification and value creation processes. Using an archival analysis of visual and textual material, we find that sperm banks in these constrained contexts strategically rely on the marketing of masculine archetypes as a source of value. This article delineates the concept of constrained bodily commodification and its marketing implications. Moreover, it evidences sociocultural discursive mechanisms by which marketers attempt to overcome constrained commodification issues. Specifically, we emphasize the role of gender archetypes as a resource, which allows sperm banks’ marketers to transfer identity value to the donor and donation experience. Finally, this article also has implications for the theorizing of value creation by expanding our understanding of how value is created during consumer disposition processes.

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30

Seaton, Elizabeth. "The Commodification of Fear." TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 5 (May 2001): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia.5.1.

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Woods, Daniel W., and Rainer Böhme. "The commodification of consent." Computers & Security 115 (April 2022): 102605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2022.102605.

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Karpov, A. O. "The Commodification of Education." Russian Education & Society 55, no. 5 (May 2013): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393550506.

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33

Sewart, John J. "The Commodification of Sport." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 22, no. 3 (September 1987): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101269028702200303.

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Correa, Doris, and Elana Shohamy. "Commodification of women’s breasts." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 4, no. 3 (November 26, 2018): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.18010.cor.

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Abstract Cosmetic surgery has become a widespread phenomenon in the last decades, especially in Colombia where a large number of women undergo it every year. This surgical boom is reflected in several Linguistic Landscape resources including the internet, where a growing number of cosmetic surgery centers advertise their procedures. Particularly common among these procedures is breast augmentation, which many Colombian women have at a young age. This article reports on a study which drew on critical linguistic landscape and feminist theories to explore how local cosmetic surgery websites contribute to the commodification of women’s breasts, and its implications for users of these websites. Data collected for this study included text and images from 12 local websites advertising cosmetic surgery in Colombia, including breast augmentation. Data analysis showed that these websites contributed to the commodification of women’s bodies by using a series of ideological mechanisms. Implications for users of these public spaces include asking critical questions about these websites and becoming more socially active in their consumption.

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NUHRAT, YAĞMUR. "Contesting love through commodification:." American Ethnologist 45, no. 3 (August 2018): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.12673.

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DiLaura, David L. "The Commodification of Lighting." LEUKOS 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2004.10732001.

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37

Upton, Caroline. "Communities, Culture and Commodification." Inner Asia 16, no. 2 (December 10, 2014): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340018.

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Mongolia’s new resource politics, central to the country’s geopolitical considerations and ambitions in the twenty-first century, must be understood in relation to their complex, multi-scalar socio-cultural, historical and environmental dimensions. This paper draws on the author’s participatory research activities with key informants in Ulaanbaatar and amongst rural herding communities to illuminate key aspects, contexts and implications of the new resource politics. Specifically, the paper presents an empirically informed analysis of pertinent social and institutional forms, environmental and cultural values and aspects of resource governance, with particular reference to land issues, pastoralism, mining and resistance. Conceptually, it draws on recent work, especially in geography and political ecology, on activism, conservation and particularly on emerging discourses and framings of natural resources as ‘ecosystem services’. Through attention to these concepts, it highlights contested dimensions of environmental values and valuation, of critical contemporary importance in Mongolia’s new resource politics.

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Forbes, Diane A. "Commodification and Co-Modification." Management Communication Quarterly 22, no. 4 (February 13, 2009): 577–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318908331322.

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Heller, Monica. "The Commodification of Language." Annual Review of Anthropology 39, no. 1 (October 21, 2010): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104951.

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40

Verhey, Allen. "Commodification, commercialization, and embodiment." Women's Health Issues 7, no. 3 (May 1997): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-3867(97)00023-6.

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41

Kolchin, Peter. "Slavery, Commodification, and Capitalism." Reviews in American History 44, no. 2 (2016): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2016.0029.

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42

Koplin, Julian J. "Commodification and Human Interests." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 15, no. 3 (May 25, 2018): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-018-9857-6.

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Karpov, A. O. "The Commodification of Education." Russian Social Science Review 54, no. 5 (September 2013): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611428.2013.11065521.

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Shepherd, Robert. "Commodification, culture and tourism." Tourist Studies 2, no. 2 (August 2002): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146879702761936653.

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Fürsich, Elfriede. "Between Credibility and Commodification." International Journal of Cultural Studies 6, no. 2 (June 2003): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13678779030062001.

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Claassen, Rutger. "The Commodification of Care." Hypatia 26, no. 1 (2011): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01146.x.

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This paper discusses the question whether care work for dependent persons (children, the elderly, and disabled persons) may be entrusted to the market; that is, whether and to what extent there is a normative justification for the “commodification of care.” It first proposes a capability theory for care that raises two relevant demands: a basic capability for receiving care and a capability for giving care. Next it discusses and rejects two objections that aim to show that market-based care undermines the caring motives essential to care, one of them because of its reliance on contracts and the other because of the corrupting influence of payment on motivation. If market care is in principle legitimate, the commodification question transforms into one about the appropriate combinations of market and non-market care. This question can be answered only by adding an additional complication: care is to be balanced against other activities, most notably work for the labor market. This brings in the problem of gender inequality, since paid work has been traditionally distributed to men and caring activities to women. I show how the capability theory of caring presented in this paper can help resolve the dispute between competing models for balancing work and caring.

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Berlan, Jean-Pierre. "The Commodification of Life." Monthly Review 41, no. 7 (December 4, 1989): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-041-07-1989-11_4.

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Panitch, Vida. "Liberalism, commodification, and justice." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 19, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x19877653.

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Anti-commodification theorists condemn liberal political philosophers for not being able to justify restricting a market transaction on the basis of what is sold, but only on the basis of how it is sold. The anti-commodification theorist is correct that if this were all the liberal had to say in the face of noxious markets, it would be inadequate: even if everyone has equal bargaining power and no one is misled, there are some goods that should not go to the highest bidder. In this paper, I respond to the anti-commodification critique of liberalism by arguing that the political liberal has the wherewithal to account not only for the conditions under which goods should not be sold, but also for what kinds of goods should not be for sale in a market economy. The political liberal can appeal to a principle of equal basic rights, and to one of sufficiency in basic needs and the social bases of self-respect, I argue, to account for what’s problematic about markets in civic goods, necessary goods, and physical goods including body parts and intimate services.

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Chapman, S. "The commodification of prevention." BMJ 312, no. 7033 (March 23, 1996): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7033.730b.

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Heller, Monica, Joan Pujolar, and Alexandre Duchêne. "Linguistic commodification in tourism." Journal of Sociolinguistics 18, no. 4 (September 2014): 539–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josl.12082.

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