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Szabo, Tait. "In defense of commodification." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284434.
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Varley, Peter. "The rationalisation and commodification of adventure." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422403.
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This thesis contrasts the ideal of the adventure as drawn from historical-theoretical sources with the new socio-cultural form of the commodified adventure, exemplified in outdoor leisure products such as guided white water rafting, rock climbing courses and commercialb ungeej umps. It is proposedt hat, whilst the original form generatesa `taken for granted' meaning of adventure involving responsibility for ones self, the experience of uncertaintya nd personalc ommitment,t he latter kind of `adventure-as-commodityi's one of bounded responsibility, managed risks (removed uncertainty) and mere financial commitment. The meaningo f adventure,i t is suggestedh, as beenh ollowed out in order to make it palatable for consumption in the competitive marketplace. In an effort to understand the place of the adventure in late modernity, the plight of the individual is considered as they search for some respite from the monolithic structural constraints of `high' modernity. The classicala ccountso f disenchantmenitn Weber's iron cagea re contrastedp rimarily with the work of Georg Simmel, underpinned throughout by Nietzsche's ideas on the need for tensions between Apollonian and Dionysian social forms in healthy societies. The escapea ttemptso f the leisure adventurersa re thus characterizedin the study as part of the messy, complex aspect of modernity which thrives in between the regulative structural aspects which impinge on everyday life. This is the so-called forgotten broken ground of the other modernity as Lash describes it. In an effort to better understand the meanings derived from such escape behaviours, this empirical study of adventurers-atleisure examines the world of the sea kayakers on the Isle of Anglesey in North Wales. A selection of data from studies of members of informal kayaking groups and consumers/professionaplr oviders is presented.T his is then analysedi n terms of the paradoxical problem of the `original' meaning of adventure contrasted with the commodified,r isk-removedv ersionss old to consumersa nd the form createdb y the independents eak ayakersw ho choosen ot to use the servicesf or sale. The conclusion is that there are adventure-like experiences available to all in all kinds of adventures ettings,a nd that momentaryf eelings of belongingnessa nd collective excitementa re accessibleth rough membershipo f temporary leisure protocultures (thiasos). The original adventure, however, is far more elusive, demanding as it does a willingness to break through beyond the expert systems and support structures which comfort the consumer of commodified adventure. Moments of letting-go; of self and of othersa re realiseablee ven in the commercial situation, but responsibility for the outcome is taken by a paid professional. Commodified adventure threatens to succumb to the Apollonian progression toward control and regulation, so that those who seek adventure but do not find its authentic form may increasingly turn toward more dangerous and socially damaging outlets for their spirit.
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Rowell, John. "Commodification, the market and the public service." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24616.pdf.
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Wall, Tony. "Professional identities and commodification in higher education." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/332948/.
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Higher education in the UK has been moving towards an increasingly demand driven model, encouraged to better serve and grow the economy through becoming more attuned to what the marketplace needs and wants, and then supplying educational commodities that better meet these demands. New educational commodities have emerged to replace lost income, such as the university accreditation of learning associated with training courses delivered by commercial training organisations. This involves university academics reconceptualising training activity into academic content and then enabling professionals in the training organisation and the university to navigate the demands placed on them in this space. Yet this is widely reported to be a problematic sphere of professional activity, with ‘cultural’ and ‘communicative’ issues still without resolution. These issues and the tackling of them, as experienced by this study’s researcher, formed the initial motivation for this study. This study investigates the academic’s professional struggles and tensions in encountering and mediating the widely differing demands of the two sectors, with a view to offer fresh insight into this troubled space. Qualitative data from an academic’s daily practice are analysed from a professional interested perspective to elucidate and better understand these tensions. This thesis demonstrates that, problematically, the academic variously identifies with and understands his practice from both perspectives, and in doing so, activates different and sometimes competing expectations of how he thinks he should act in a situation. In identifying in such ways, the academic practically becomes a custodian of the regulative apparatus that simultaneously polices his own practice. Through documenting how such diverse perspectives meet and materialise in academic practice, the thesis addresses the more fully theoretical concern with how such expectations, from particular ideological positions, operate through the engine of conceptualising and regulating professionalism in academic locations. In turn, this provides a critical platform from which to better understand the changing parameters of academic practice, that is, what university study becomes when its pursuit is increasingly a function of economically oriented demands. In this way, the thesis addresses how the professionalism of certain university academics involved in ‘business and community engagement’ is being understood and rethought to meet evolving funding parameters, and how the very notion of academic study is changing to meet these new expectations.
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Drake, Latoya. "Commodification of voting celebrity, spectacle and social movements /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3599.
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Demeter, Michelle E. "The commodification of yoga in contemporary U.S. culture." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001710.
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Mansfield, John. "Hip-hop pathology and the commodification of culture /." Title page and introduction only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arm287.pdf.
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鄧敏儀 and Man-yee Tang. "Commodification of housing in Shenzhen special economic zone." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259261.
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Capes, Stephen Andrew. "The commodification of geographic information in local government." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364272.
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Bravenboer, Darryll. "Commodification and the official discourse of higher education." Thesis, UCL Institute of Education (IOE), 2009. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6406/.
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The commodification of higher education has been described, within the philosophical and sociological literature, in opposition to, or in alliance with principled perspectives about the nature, purpose or value of 'higher education': for example, as that which is intrinsically valuable, a social good, a democratic requirement or an individual entitlement. This thesis argues that such approaches are relatively unproductive in providing descriptions that can inform higher education practice. Rather, it is argued, they largely seem to operate to reproduce the principled perspectives with which they are aligned or opposed. The thesis examines the following question: How do official texts that describe higher education, operate to (re)produce and/or resist the idea of its commodification? The methodology employed to examine this question, locates 'official' texts as empirical objects for analysis. The analysis proceeds by identifying and organising oppositions and alliances within these texts, to produce a constructive description of how each text is operating within the higher education field. Specific descriptions of higher education within official texts are analysed in relation to constructed theoretical spaces that describe modes of discursive action, including the commodified mode. The method provides a means of describing commodification as a discursive modality rather than as a representation of use-value/exchange-value or market/non-market type oppositions. This approach is productive in describing the ways that official texts operate to regulate higher education practice without reproducing a principled perspective. Despite some explicit references to the economic or commodity value of higher education, official texts tend to use such descriptions to promote the introduction or maintenance of bureaucratic and regulatory systems that actually stand in opposition to the commodified mode. This conclusion is in contrast with the idea that official descriptions of higher education are operating to promote increasing commodification.
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Tang, Man-yee. "Commodification of housing in Shenzhen special economic zone /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18154116.
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Fellner, Wolfgang. "The Value of Time: Its Commodification and a Reconceptualization." Institute of Philosophy of the University of Warsaw, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5958/1/eidos_2_fellner.pdf.
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The discourse about commodification of time indicates that under the current socio-economic regime important values get systematically ignored. This paper reviews literature about the value of time in classical political economy, neoclassical economics, the household production approach, household economics, and activity models. Starting with neoclassical economics, all these approaches are largely in accordance with utilitarian methodology. Utilitarian methodology turns out to be incapable of explaining the value of time. The debate about "quality work" allows us to identify the following intrinsic values: power, playfulness, a sense of meaning, and a sense of belonging. These intrinsic values match with the "five sources of Motivation" in contemporary psychological research, which confirms the empirical relevance and irreducibility of these values for understanding behavior. We propose a definition of commodification of time and illustrate some of the potential effects of commodification of time.
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Humphries, David. "Labourism and the commodification of work and social life." Department of Sociology - Faculty of Arts, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/231.
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The thesis explores concepts of alienation and commodification in relation to public and private themes of identity, in contemporary Australia. It is argued that as labour conditions have intensified and the social safety net has eroded the emphasis on private themes of identity have increased. These themes emphasise sexuality and gender, and down-grade the issue of work and labour. The Australian Labor Party helped create the conditions for postmodernist identity politics weakening their commitment to working class improvement in favour of emphasising hypercapitalism and hyperliberal gender discourses. This approach favours the inclusion of marginal groups that have been traditionally outside of labourist concerns (women, homosexuals, Aborigines) at the expense of civilising capitalism, labour alienation and commodification as the central concern for workers. In short, the abandonment of Marxism, labourism and Social democracy: and their replacement by identity issues. The backlash to a post-welfare state social democracy designed to ameliorate conditions for marginal groups, become a key feature in the election of the Howard government in 1996, with Howards battlers consisting of former Labor voters disenfranchised by political correctness. This produced an attack on welfare cheats, high taxation, and trendy concerns such as Aboriginality � and reinforced Hansonism. In this context, the Australian and American relationship and the frontier tradition is stressed as a pivotal factor in determining the role of identity in the neo-liberal political economy, with the pressures created by neo-liberalism and globalisation. Australian mythology based on Anzac symbolism and personality creates a vacuous phenomenon for genuine themes of Australian national identity to survive the homogenous nature of hyper-capitalism. The drift towards the power of American capitalism and political cosmologies can then been seen as a natural evolution of Australian political mythology. It is here that the thesis argues that hyper capitalist themes can have an implicit relationship to concepts of hyper-liberalism found in gender discourses and moreover, ironically evocative of the individualism Weber argued existed in American Protestant religious sects. Subsequently the de-construction of masculinity that has been characteristic of feminist and gay theory, that reflects a social psychological perspective rather than one based in Marxs historical materialism that places man within social history. Social theory therefore unfairly constructs the heterosexual masculine personality in relation to working class elite occupations such as coalmining or as a reflection of a corporate dominance, to create polemic avenues for marginal groups. The focus upon heterosexuality within the thesis links its relationship to the characteristics demanded by industrial capitalism such as the Fordist mode of production, and in Marxist terms, the complete enslavement and alienation that existed between social man and the capitalist mode of production. This approach emphasises the experience of wage labour, culminating with the high levels of unemployment that has risen concomitantly with de-industrialisation, globalisation and neo-liberalism. The disciplining of the unemployed in the post-welfare state exists alongside hyper-liberal themes of sexual and social identity, indicating a general shift to a social fascism, or two- tiered form of democracy that resides alongside, and is often in competition with conservative advocates for the nuclear family and heterosexuality. The development of Howards battlers reflects a conservative appropriation of the original Australian legend that was based on labourism and mateship and now exists in a nationalist paradigm evocative of frontiersmen and Anzacs rather than one based on class. A framing issue for the thesis subsequently is what role does gender and sexuality have in the function of the industrial capitalist society?
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Yokel, William A. "Inhabiting a landscape after the commodification of historic preservation /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1212121075.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Committee/Advisors: Elizabeth H Riorden (Committee Chair), Vincent F Sansalone (Committee Member). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sep. 2, 2008). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Schoux, Casey Christina. "Postvocalic /r/ in New Orleans| Language, place, and commodification." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577179.
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From silva dimes to po-boys, r-lessness has long been a conspicuous feature of all dialects of New Orleans English. This dissertation presents a quantitative and qualitative description of current rates of r-lessness in the city. 71 speakers from 21 neighborhoods were interviewed. Rpronunciation was elicited in four contexts: interview chat, Katrina narratives, a reading passage and a word list. R-lessness was found in 39% of possible instances. Older speakers pronounce /-r/ less than younger speakers, and those with a high school education or less pronounce /-r/ far less than those with post-secondary education. Race and gender did not prove to be significant predictors of r-pronunciation. In contrast to past studies, many speakers in the current study discuss their metalinguistic awareness of /-r/ and their partial control of /-r/ variation, discussing switching between r-fulness and r-lessness in different contexts.
In New Orleans, this metalinguistic awareness is attributable in part to the devastation following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, when the near-disappearance of the city intensified an already extant nostalgia for local culture, including ways of speaking. Nostalgia and amplification by advertisers and popular media have helped recontextualize r-lessness as a variable associated with a number of social meanings, including localness and authenticity. These processes help transform r-lessness, for many speakers, from a routine feature of talk to a floating cultural variable, serving as a semiotic resource on which speakers can draw on to perform localness.
This dissertation both closes a gap in research on New Orleans speech and uses New Orleans as a case study to suggest that the social meanings of linguistic features are created and maintained in part by a constellation of interrelated social processes of late modernity. Further, I argue that individual speakers are increasingly agentively engaged with these larger processes, as part of a global transformation from more traditional, place-bound populations to more deracinated individuals who choose to align themselves with particular communities and local cultural forms, particularly those that have been commodified.
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Blythe, Mark. "Resistance to commodification in further education : a case study." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360873.
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Grebenar, Alex. "The commodification of 'dark tourism' : conceptualising the visitor experience." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23361/.
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The study of ‘dark tourism’ has gained increasing traction over the past two decades or so. Visits to sites of, or associated with death, disaster, atrocity, or suffering are a pervasive feature within the contemporary tourism landscape. This thesis, therefore, critically examines dark tourism within the modern tourism industry in which ‘dark’ experiences are packaged-up and sold to consumers – a process known as ‘commodification’. As a result, the study appraises the effects commodification has on the visitor experience at sites of dark tourism. Drawing upon a multidisciplinary approach, this thesis examines key relationships between dark tourism supplier and consumer in order to evaluate the visitor experience. This includes the notion of mortality and, in so doing, the research considers how the process of commodification affects encounters with the fragile state and inevitable demise of the human being. Moreover, this relates to the so-called ‘sequestration of death’ whereby death, in modern life, is removed from daily life in order to protect the Self from undue upsetting thoughts. This thesis utilises a phenomenological research philosophy in order to understand the nature of visitor experiences. The study also adopts a supply-demand approach, and so through the instruments of semi-structured interviews and participant questionnaires, appraises the relationship between the provision and consumption of dark tourism experiences. The empirical research investigates two case studies within UK dark tourism: Lancaster Castle and the International Slavery Museum, Liverpool. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the commodification process denotes specific semiotics of a touristic and behavioural nature. In turn, this thesis offers an original blueprint model in which to locate commodification processes, which this study terms the ‘Semiotic Framework of Dark Tourism Experience’. It is concluded that, using supply-side entities such as tour guides, shops, interpretative materials and other such items, suppliers of dark tourism sculpt the experience and direct visitor behaviour, but crucially do not fundamentally change the nature of experience by providing those phenomena. Rather, commodification within dark tourism provides a specific context in which to encounter death, mortality and atrocity within authentic and ontologically secure boundaries.
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Halg, Bieri Anja Kerstin. "Walking in Late Capitalism - Dialectic of Aestheticization and Commodification." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86145.
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Walking has become a trend in the USA. In recent years, the desire to walk has brought forth specific urban design for walkable places as well as art forms that focus on walking. Whence this trend? This dissertation studies the socio-economic and cultural context that brought forth the aestheticized forms of walking such as walking in designed walkable places and walking as art. The theoretical framework to study this genealogy is based in social anthropology, critical theory, theatre studies and the practice of audio-walks. A "dialectic of aestheticization and commodification" runs through modernity that generates aestheticized forms of walking today. While walking is initially a form of aesthetic struggle against the rational principles of modernity and the forces of capitalism, this struggle is co-opted by the logic of capital in a continuous interlacing of the processes of aestheticization and commodification. The social and spatial consequences of capitalism together with the process of aestheticization of society produce new spatial forms of capitalism, new commodified forms of social interaction, and new forms of walking. What became of the yearning for agency through walking? With "walkable urbanism", capital returns to the city center and creates new markets for a budding walkable life-style which is fed through conspicuous consumption and the commodified "walkable body". With walking as art, the struggle for more physical, intellectual and political agency through walking goes on. While fighting with the self-referential loop of postmodern performing art, art walking opens up doors to new paths for contemporary art that lead out of post-dramatic art, beyond the phenomenology of embodied experience, and out of the manipulating products of the culture industry in order to create art that offers room for imagination -- the source of social change.Ph. D.
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YOKEL, WILLIAM A. "Inhabiting a Landscape: After the Commodification of Historic Preservation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212121075.
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Pannier, Jasmin. "(Ad)dressing Afghanistan The Commodification of the Ethnic 'Type' Genre." Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10288755.
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The relationship between photographer and subject in nineteenth-century photographs of Afghanistan operates as a component of identity construction. To date, this interaction is theorized in terms of power between the photographer and the colonial apparatus and labels the image as orientalist, colonializing, and ethnographic. I propose an additional perspective that places consumer interests in costume at the forefront of image construction. While Western photographers have left us with a perception of nineteenth-century Afghanistan as an intersection between British occupied India and Russia, the social economic impetus of these images require further analysis. An examination of British cultural and photographic practices reveals the role clothes play in the creation of the ethnic `type.? My research addresses these principal themes: the continuities between photographic and pre-photographic visualities; the relationship between European cultural attitudes, the creation of costume books, and reception of commercial photography; how visual information was repurposed and influenced the development of anthropology as a discipline. The importance of studying costume and costume books in the nineteenth century is instrumental to understanding Europe?s transition to a culture focused on classification and commodification. Costume books not only allowed for the creation of a consumable `type? in photography, and permit us to examine the actual mechanics of commodification.
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Ortega, Laura M. "The Commodification of Queer Virgins in Shakespeare, Spenser, and Keats." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1905.
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The purpose of this thesis was to explore selected works from William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, and John Keats, in order to expose textual instances of feminist thought. This analysis was aided with feminist theorists falling under the main strains of queer theory, materialism, and gender performance. Specifically, this thesis focused on the ways in which women, particularly virgin daughters, were viewed as property by their male kin. It also looked at how these women engaged in various symbolic masquerades and/or actual cross-dressing as a response to the aforementioned phenomenon. Finally, the thesis exposed how these masquerades can be construed as a queering of identity—manifested through reversals of power and rejection of patriarchal institutions like marriage.
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Dawson, Harold. "The commodification of tragedy a critical examination of contemporary film /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=786.
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Islam, Md Nazrul. "Repackaging ayurveda in post-colonial India revivalism and global commodification /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848991.
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Mann, Erika Noelle. "Cinema's green is gold the commodification of Irishness in film /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05082008-102020/.
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Walker, Patricia. "The commodification of British higher education : international student curriculum initiatives." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364098.
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IMBROISI, ERNESTO GOMES. "THE COMMODIFICATION PROCESS OF NATURE AS THE CAPITAL PLAY STRATEGY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26511@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO presente trabalho debruça-se sobre as políticas ambientais de mercadificação da natureza como modelo de acesso, uso e conservação da natureza sob o atual estágio de urbanização que estamos vivenciando, nomeado de metropolização do espaço. Essa conjuntura representa a emergência da questão ambiental como uma nova contradição da problemática urbana, relacionada diretamente à contradição sociedade e natureza no contexto do capitalismo neoliberal. Para tal, buscaremos construir algumas mediações necessárias entre a Geografia e o marxismo, com o objetivo de demonstrar o potencial epistemológico e metodológico da integração entre a Geografia e o materialismo histórico e dialético na interpretação dessas novas contradições, colaborando na constituição de uma teoria social do espaço fundamentada nos aportes teóricos da economia política do espaço. Esse modelo de conservação e de sustentabilidade baseada na expansão da lógica do mercado para a natureza esconde práticas de apropriação/dominação do espaço, que são estratégias de classe, que procuram garantir a reprodução das relações sociais de produção. Para isso, procuramos identificar e reconhecer a atual produção da natureza como uma nova estratégia espacial de acumulação e de reprodução do capital. A natureza, no neoliberalismo, tem a função de absorver parte do capital excedente, principalmente em um contexto de crise como estamos vivendo na atual conjuntura. Essa afirmação é o ponto de partida para compreendermos as relações íntimas sobre os novos mecanismos de uso e conservação da natureza (baseado em práticas de mercadificação, financeirizão e privatização do ambiente) com os processos de acumulação por espoliação.
This present dissertation focuses on environmental policy of nature s commoditization (commodification) like the model of access, use and conservation of nature under the current stage of urbanization that we are experiencing, named metropolization of the space. This conjuncture represents the emergence of environmental issue as a new contradiction of urban problems, related directly to the contradiction society and nature in the context of neoliberal capitalism. Aiming it, we will seek to build some necessary mediations between the Geography and Marxism, in order to demonstrate the epistemological and methodological potential of integration between Geography and the historical and dialectical materialism in the interpretation of these new contradictions, cooperating in a constitution of space s social theory based on the theoretical contributions of political space economy. This conservation and sustainable model based on the expansion of market logic to the nature hides practices of appropriation/space domination, which are class strategies, which seek to ensure the reproduction of the social relations of production. For that, we look forward to identify and recognize the current production of nature as a new space strategy of accumulation and reproduction of capital. The nature, in neoliberalism, has the function of absorbing part of the surplus capital, mainly in a context of crisis like we are living in the current conjuncture. This statement is the starting point so that we can understand he intimated relationships over the new mechanisms of use and conservation (based on practices of commoditization - commodification –, of process of financing and environmental’s privatization) with the processes of accumulation by spoliation.
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Tchuwa, Isaac. "Hydro-social permutations of water commodification in Blantyre City, Malawi." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hydrosocial-permutations-of-water-commodification-in-blantyre-city-malawi(fe5a5bc5-666f-477c-89da-cf25711e76fd).html.
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Despite years of investment in urban water infrastructure, and the state-a supposedly benign public entity-being the major actor in governing water, many poor residents in global south cities such as Blantyre experience unprecedented water-related problems. The neoliberal narrative unequivocally advocates privatising water; it frames the water problem as symptomatic of the unravelling of non-economic means of distributing this basic necessity of life while revering the free market as a panacea to this long-standing challenge. This thesis draws from the production/urbanisation of nature/space literature to contribute towards framing an alternative and more just political ecological water narrative. Through a radical critique of capitalist urbanisation, it argues that the contemporary urban water condition is the outcome and symptomatic of the unjust historical geographical legacies of modernist/capitalist means of producing water. It problematises the neo-liberal "tragedy of the commons" discourse that attributes these problems to the non-commodity nature of water. Through a case study of Blantyre City, the thesis frames this critique through two claims (1) that there is no such a thing as non-commodified produced water in contemporary Blantyre; (2) that the commodification of water is nothing new, it is a histo-geographical process deeply rooted in logics and contradictions of capitalist production of nature and space. It traces a critical moment in the capitalist remaking of hydro-social relations to colonial modernisation. British colonisation (late 1850s-early 1960s) inserted money and modern techniques at the heart of human-water interactions thereby significantly transforming traditional modes of accessing water. During this period, water began to change from being a common good to an economic resource that could privately be enclosed and harnessed as a means to economic/private ends through modern techniques. Institutions created to mediate this emergent modernist water architecture were dominated by vested private settler interests, depended heavily on external financing and revenue generated from exchanging water through money. British colonisations then sow first seeds in inserting monetary exchange, class and social power as mediators of the human-water interchange thereby entrenching social inequalities in Blantyre's waterscape. The post-colonial political transition in 1964 did little to radically reconfigure these colonial logics and their contradictions; in fact, albeit in qualitatively different ways, these dynamics intensified. The thesis establishes that these historical geographical dynamics continue to reproduce conditions through which underprivileged residents are alienated from water, and this basic need is commodified in contemporary Blantyre. In locating alienation and commodification within the wider historical geographical context of capitalist urbanisation, this thesis aims to critically engage with debates on neo-liberalisation of water. It takes issue with a particular ahistorical manner commodification of water is read and the failure of these debates to engage critically with the historical/colonial genesis of the present urban water condition in global south cities. The thesis hopes to contribute to academic and practical projects concerned with generating alternative understandings and finding just solutions to persistent water problems in the global south.
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Axelsson, Patrina. "Travel Selfie: A commodification of the tourist experience and culture?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22766.
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The aim of this study is to examine the development of the travel selfie phenomenon in contemporary media and culture, and its impact on tourist experiences. By discussing key issues surrounding the phenomenon, particularly commodification and social media such as Instagram, this thesis investigates the effects of the travel selfie on tourist experiences, through a qualitative study approach.By adopting dispositive analysis as a methodology, this study explores how the travel selfie phenomenon evolves from a photographic practice into a modern tourist trend and a travel commodity that has revolutionized the tourist industry. The results suggest that the travel selfie has evolved from a spontaneous photographic technique into a valuable commodity that empowers modern tourists in different parts of the world. The shared consumption of the travel selfie amongst tourists subvert dominant criticism about the selfie culture by suggesting how the travel selfie inspires and unites tourists through an ability to express themselves individually. The conclusions emphasize how the travel selfie has expanded amongst tourists and continues to transform the contemporary cultures.
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Aggenbach, Adré. "The effects of commodification on cultural significance: two African fortifications." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24986.
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This study is specifically concerned with the impact of cultural tourism on the valorisation of two African fortifications; Castelo São Jorge da Mina (Elmina Castle) in Elmina, Ghana and Casteel de Goede Hoop (Castle of Good Hope) in Cape Town, South Africa. The commodification of national and world heritage, primarily within the context of cultural tourism, is the process by which tangible and intangible heritage are transformed into cultural commodities to be bought, sold and profited from in the heritage and tourism industry. The perception, however, that these commodified heritage sites are contaminated, and less authentic, is based on an outmoded discourse. The South African government has placed a fair amount of focus on redressing highly emotive colonial or dissonant heritage sites with the intent of correcting misinterpreted Eurocentric histories or present non-represented pre-colonial history. The study is structured around addressing the issue of commodification and its impact on the understanding and interpretation of heritage both as an emotive commodity and as a means of providing economic benefit to a community. The literature review locates the research in Marx's theories on commodities together with Urry's tourist gaze. It furthermore includes an analysis on valorisation, with the focus on associative value, in the context of national and world heritage. Fortifications as fortified military architecture in an African context are considered; as is the European influence on African culture and fortifications as colonial structures. Elmina Castle, as a much-researched heritage site, is explored in detail. It includes a legislative analysis; the perspectives and interpretations of the two largest stakeholders groups, the Akan-speaking Fanti population and the African American Diaspora tourists is key to the analysis of the impact of commodification. A detailed history of Europeans on the Gold Coast, the development of Elmina Castle and the impact of trans-Atlantic slavery on the consumption of heritage is studied. The commodification of the Castle of Good Hope is written within the context of the prevailing South African heritage discourse. Much has been written on the commodification of Elmina Castle, while very little has been said about the Castle of Good Hope as a commodity. The prevailing authorised commodification of the Castle of Good Hope necessitated the analysis and comparison of the Castle with the selected comparative case and the study draws comparisons between the powerful emotive significance and contestations attached to Elmina and the contrast that this poses to the Castle of God Hope as a place of heritage significance despite the fact that it has been seen to symbolise the introduction of repressive European influence and control in South Africa. The research supports the notion that cultural tourism and events have impacted on the valorisation of cultural heritage and, in particular, the associative and emotive values. However, the cultural significance of the two African fortifications as important heritage sites are not at risk.
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Robinson, Glendal Paul. "A Mythic Perspective of Commodification on the World Wide Web." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4489/.
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Capitalism's success, according to Karl Marx, is based on continued development of new markets and products. As globalization shrinks the world marketplace, corporations are forced to seek both new customers and products to sell. Commodification is the process of transforming objects, ideas and even people into merchandise. The recent growth of the World Wide Web has caught the attention of the corporate world, and they are attempting to convert a free-share-based medium into a profit-based outlet. To be successful, they must change Web users' perception about the nature of the Web itself. This study asks the question: Is there mythic evidence of commodification on the World Wide Web? It examines how the World Wide Web is presented to readers of three national publications-Wired, Newsweek, and Business Week-from 1993 to 2000. It uses Barthes' two-tiered model of myths to examine the descriptors used to modify and describe the World Wide Web. The descriptors were clustered into 11 general categories, including connectivity, social, being, scene, consumption, revolution, tool, value, biology, arena, and other. Wired articles did not demonstrate a trend in categorical change from 1993 to 2000; the category of choice shifted back and forth between Revolution, Connectivity, Scene, and Being. Newsweek articles demonstrated an obvious directional shift. Connectivity is the dominant myth from 1994 to 1998, when the revolution category dominates. Similarly, Business Week follows the prevailing myth of connectivity from 1994 to 1997. From 1998 on, the competition-related categories of revolution and arena lead all categories. The study finds evidence of commodification on the World Wide Web, based on the trend in categories in Newsweek and Business Week that move from a foundational myth that presents a perception of cooperation in 1994 to one of competition in 1998 and later. The study recommends further in-depth research of the target publications, a review of articles in less-developed countries, and content analysis and ethnography online.
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Hilpert, Zachary Michael. "Ruins Reframed: The Commodification of American Urban Disaster, 1861-1906." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720327.
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This dissertation explores images of urban disaster and related events produced from the Civil War to the dawn of the 20th century, seeking to understand the role such visual media played in the formation of American identity and racial perceptions. Images of disasters that appeared throughout this period demonstrate a desire on the part of a largely white, native-born consumer class to share in a collective grieving process, one that initially recalled the comforts found in the communal suffering of the Civil War, but habitually eschewed the most tragic elements in favor of an optimistic, nationalistic narrative free of lasting trauma. Out of this desire for mutual grieving and recovery emerged a market for tokens of palatable tragedy in the final decades of the nineteenth century. This market was fed by a growing industry of disaster commodification that co-opted urban destruction in the service of an ultimately white supremacist formulation of American identity.;These images gave consumers the ability to experience disaster and loss remotely, in more immediate and vivid ways than news reports or letters. Yet a line of acceptability was drawn in the process of commodifying these disasters, and resulted in a wealth of imagery that tells a far different -- and far more hopeful -- story of each disaster than the death tolls and oft ignored tales of costly human error could ever have crafted. The images instead create a fantasy narrative of disasters and aftermaths firmly under human control, and a racist, ultranationalistic view of the world in which white Americans are challenged by adversity, but always persevere to construct a new and better world -- often in spite of the efforts of the racialized monsters in their midst.
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Giannattasio, Nobres Gabriela. "Defying Human Security : The Commodification of Migrants in Contemporary Libya." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om migration, etnicitet och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160279.
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The world-system today promotes inequalities between and within states through the maintenance and strengthening of uneven and hierarchical global relations established by colonialism. The reinforcement of colonial structures has unfolded into neocolonial relations in the post-colonial world, explaining the underdevelopment and marginalization of former colonies in the world-system today, and why many African countries largely experience internal instability on several fronts, revealing how individuals from these states tend to experience some sort of human insecurity. This scenario is permissive to the development of the new wars – representing a different perspective on the patterns of violence and war of contemporaneity – and the new global war economy and its parallel economy. It is from this context that the commodification of migrants happens, challenging and often defying migrants’ access to human rights andhuman security. The present study is therefore primarily a theoretical research and an empirical investigation on the commodification of migrants in contemporary Libya, sustained by four main theoretical frameworks and the analysis of selected secondary materials from international organizations and NGOs. This study aims at addressing the different forms of commodification of migrants in Libya today and who are the actors that control these markets and benefit from the commodification of human life. This analysis evidences the contradiction between the bleak reality of migrants in contemporary Libya and the applicability of the normative concepts of human securityand migrants’ rights.
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Barnes, Duncan Martin. "Selling the modern day tribe: The commodification of rave culture." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2107.
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This thesis examines youth and rave culture from the late 1980s to the present. It considers the history as well as the global and local impact of rave. I provide a visual ethnographic study from 1999-2014, based on my work as a commercial photographer of the Perth, Western Australian scene. While critically reflecting on existing subcultural research this thesis adds another dimension – the effect that global corporations have had in reshaping subcultural practices, specifically the commodification of rave culture in the form of the contemporary electronic dance festival.
The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data to interrogate media coverage on rave culture as well as interviews and first hand experience within the rave scene. I analyse mainstream print and electronic media reporting of rave as a deviant youth subcultural practice linked to the use of the drug ecstasy. I consider the effect this had on rave and it’s rebranding to become known in contemporary times as EDM (electronic dance music). As a result I examine how rave has shifted from a youth subcultural activity to being not only mainstream and commercial, but also owned and controlled by global corporations. My discussion of the conventions of festival/music scenes will demonstrate how rave, which once operated outside ‘acceptable’ boundaries, has become a part of the conventional norm.
A unique aspect of this thesis is the inclusion and analysis of my photographs taken over a 15 year period that document the changes that occurred as rave transitioned from a subversive underground scene to corporate run multimillion dollar events. The photographs are also compiled into an accompanying monograph. The monograph allows for an immersive visual experience of non-staged event images and predetermined studio and location photographs. The book offers what words alone cannot fully engage with – a representation of what was and remains a highly visual scene, based on fashion, performance and settings.
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Coomansingh, Johnny. "Commodification and distribution of the steelpan as a conflicted tourism resource /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Petrie, Stephanie Maria. "The 'commodification' of 'children-in-need' : implications for policies and practices." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485851.
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The following thesis is presented in the form of an over-arching argument linking together 13 submitted publications. The res.earch aims of the work presented are: 1. To identify, analyse and consider the implications for 'children-inneed' ofthe organisational structures and processes for children's services following the CA 1989 and the NHS and CC Act 1990. 2. To conceptually explore constructions ofthe welfare subject and how these interact with the market paradigm and impact upon 'children-in-need' . 3. To critically examine the common and individual needs of 'children-in-need' and the characteristics ofthe 'helping' relationship between the 'child-in-need' and the professional adult. 4. To pursue these enquiries in a participatory way with children and young people and develop ethical and useful methodologies and approaches throughout all stages of the research process. 5. To contribute to welf~re policies and practices for 'children-in-need'.
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Quastel, Noah. "Transforming commodification : sustainability and the regulation of production and consumption networks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50861.
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This thesis analyzes the emergence in the 1990s and 2000s of novel forms of ‘green goods’ or ‘sustainable commodities’. Particular goods come in many forms and include fair trade coffee, certified wood, ethical investment funds, or higher density housing. They represent examples of how sustainability has emerged as a paradigm for the regulation of production and consumption networks. The thesis provides a survey of geographical and interdisciplinary work in commodity studies and suggests sustainable commodities challenges traditional geographical theories of commodification and commodity regulation. The thesis offers a survey of theories of regulation that can apply to global and local production and consumption networks and suggests the use of Strategic Relational Cultural Political Economy as a theory of regulation. The thesis includes four case studies that vary as to type of commodity and type of regulation. The first considers one of the first global certification systems -- the dolphin-safe label for tuna and which linked Thailand to California. The second concerns corporate social responsibility in foreign direct investment in bauxite (a core component in aluminum), linking a Montreal based aluminum company to mine sites in Orissa, India. The third case study concerns a domestic commodity under traditional state regulation -- that of inner city housing under urban sustainability and Smart Growth zoning initiatives in Vancouver, Canada. The fourth case study also considers housing in Vancouver but concerns the relationship between housing, neighbourhood change and rezoning initiatives outside of the urban core. The thesis concludes by showing how the case studies show the applicability of Strategic Relational Cultural Political Economy: Each study indicates a way in which environmental policies and sustainability contribute to a spatio-temporal and institutional fix for a production and consumption network.In each of the case studies, the expansion of capitalist processes involved a contradictory and conflict laden relationship with extra-economic, non-capitalist social and environmental processes. While this created societal pushback, the result was a process of negotiation and compromise which modestly incorporated civil society concern but was also protective of existing economic processes and firm market position.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Windsor, Robert. "Fabrications : commodification, myth and imprisonment in the writing of Peter Carey /." Title page and introduction only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw7662.pdf.
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Szlezak, Philipp. "The political economy of commodification : pension privatisation in Argentina, 1990-2005." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432229.
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Offeh, Francis. "Heritage tourism in the Ashanti Kingdom Ghana: Authenticity, commodification and tradition." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528530.
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Earl, Emma. "Brand New Zealanders: The Commodification of Polynesian Youth Identity in bro'Town." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Journalism and Mass Communication, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1036.
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Maori and Pacific Island youth are the 'it kids' of Aotearoa New Zealand television today, as the exceptional success of the television series bro'Town attests. Corporate sponsors clamour to associate their brands with the hit programme, from international heavyweights including Coke and Vodafone to local players such as G-Force. Likewise, celebrities from at home and abroad proclaim their support for bro'Town in guest appearances on the show. But, what is at stake when the visibility of Polynesian youth in the media is so inextricably intertwined with the commercial imperatives of major corporations and pop-culture celebrities? This paper attends to an absence of critical response regarding the role of commercial influences in the representation of Polynesian youth identity in bro'Town. In striving to be popular, contemporary television in Aotearoa New Zealand often addresses the preconceptions of its target audience. The commodification of Polynesian youth identity in bro'Town, therefore, may be interpreted as a marketing strategy to tap into a popular ideological shift towards multiculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand without disrupting the dominant ideology of white, middle-class masculinity from which capitalism derives. Although bro'Town offers specific challenges to popular stereotypes of Polynesian youth culture, the discursive construction of Maori and Pacific youth identities in the show is still circumscribed by a consumerist ethos that demands adherence to Western capitalist culture in Aotearoa New Zealand. Bro'Town operates in complicity with pre-existing binaries between masculinity/femininity and heterosexual/homosexual and thus implicitly reinscribes the status quo for youth in Aotearoa New Zealand today. Moreover, bro'Town's multicultural ethic is largely contrary because the series fails to contest popular stereotypes about other ethnic minorities. In Brand New Zealanders, it is argued that the corporate co-option of Polynesian youth culture in bro'Town ultimately does less to pry open new discursive spaces for the development of youth identity than to operate as a vehicle for the deliberate shrinking of consumer choice.
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Fitchett, James A. "Consumption and cultural commodification : the case of the museum as commodity." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2207.
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Marketing theory has traditionally sought explanation of commodity consumption based upon psychological and economic assumptions of needs, utility and exchange value, a paradigm of understanding that is becoming increasingly problematic. An alternative perspective of commodity consumption is presented, drawing on contemporary social and cultural theory where the commodity form constitutes a cultural and social logic; a discourse of communication which consumers use to mediate and participate in daily life. Instead of defining commodities in terms of use value and economic value, the commodity is seen in terms of a specific subject-object relation experienced in late capitalism, manifest as sign value and sign exchange. Taking the case of the museum, a context that it increasingly applying the terminology of the market, consumer and commodity; a qualitative research project is undertaken to asses the credibility of the cultural theoretical approach. It is proposed that the museum functions as a site of commodification, presenting history and culture as a set of commodities for visitors consumption. Whilst sign value is a useful concept in explaining commodity consumption, it is suggested a clear distinction between use value, exchange value and sign value is unworkable in practice and that utility and exchange value can be most accurately represented as cultural conditions rather than economic ones. The study suggests that consumption should be conceptualised as a constructive, active and productive process which involves the consumer in a continual exchange, use and manipulation of signs. The role of marketing is thus most appropriately thought of as a facilitative capacity rather as a provisional or directive force that mediates consumption behaviour.
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Gil, Larruscahim Paula. "Pixação : the criminalization and commodification of subcultural struggle in urban Brazil." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/70308/.
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In July 2014, two pixadores were murdered by military police officers in São Paulo, Brazil, while they were trying to perform pixação in a residential building. The doorman trapped Ailton and Alex on the top of the building and called police, saying that he suspected a robbery. Police officers came in, and Alex and Ailton were dead a few minutes later. At the end of the same year, the film Pixadores was launched at European film festivals. It won the award for best film at the One World film festival in Romania and the best direction award at the Aubagne Film Festival in France. Pixação emerged as a subculture during the mid-1980s in São Paulo. Most pixadores are men who come from the peripheries of this megalopolis. They paint their signatures (pixos) and the name of their crews using an unintelligible Arabic-gothic calligraphy, in black latex ink or with spraypaint cans, across the São Paulo cityscape. Pixação has never had a comfortable relationship with the authorities and activities related to it have been increasingly criminalized over the decades. While pixadores have been drawing increasing attention from both the market and international media, including being portrayed in the movie mentioned above, pixadores continue to be criminalized, prosecuted and even tortured and murdered by the police. In Brazil, the criminalization of pixação is based on its opposition with graffiti, whick a criminal law considers as art. The novelty and relevance of this study lies in its criminological examination of pixação subculture. It explores how pixadores experience and perceive the relationship between the criminalization of pixação and the specific issues that they confront within their social and cultural context, to examine the extent to which these perceptions and experiences are transformed into practices of resistance against these problems. Ethnographic fieldwork took place mainly in São Paulo between September 2013 and July 2014. This study analyzes pixação primarily through the lenses of critical and cultural criminology, and also makes connections with urban studies and social movement theory. Contributing to the current state of knowledge on pixação, one of the key findings of this research is that the that the primary criminalization of pixação, that is, being framed as crime in opposition to graffiti in a specific legal act, has actually helped to legitimate an extant and already disruptive police practice, secondary criminalization, as well as extrajudicial punishments completely outside of legal parameters and even frameworks of basic human rights. This research also suggests that socio-spatial segregation in São Paulo plays an important role in the rise of pixação, and that pixadores also engage in pixação as a way to overcome this segregation. Another key finding is that pixadores have recently started to transform their subcultural dynamics into political action. Finally, this research suggests that criminalization and commodification should be considered as interwoven processes, especially in the neoliberal era. For that matter, the research presented here demonstrates that commodification does not necessarily lead to the neutralization of the transgressive elements of resistant subcultures.
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Way, Theodore M. "Talking torture : asylum seekers and the public commodification of personal trauma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374739/.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the discourses created and shaped by pro- immigration asylum-seeker advocates who were working in the Greater Southampton Area between 2006 and 2009. Through this analysis, I assess the factors shaping these discourses and seek to understand who benefits from these discourses and, ultimately, whom they harm. Adopting the approaches of both critical discourse analysis and linguistic ethnography to situate these discourses within the wider historical contexts of immigration to Southampton, I examine the socio-economic and political conditions in Britain as a country of destination, paying particular attention to British policies of immigration and refugee settlement and integration. I then concentrate on three themes that are dominant throughout these discourses and demonstrate how these themes - and the identities that they describe and go some way to shape - are created and shaped by the language in these discourses. These three themes are liminality, helplessness and mistrust. I engage in this analysis by conducting linguistic ethnography: living and working alongside the individuals I describe herein and conducting interviews with them in order to fully understand their discursive practice. I use a triangulation method that contrasts data emerging from ethnographic interviews with the critical discourse analysis of texts produced by these discourse communities. I argue that the discourses created and shaped by these discourse communities have fostered a condition in which asylum-seekers are portrayed as being helpless, preternaturally encumbered and, at the end of the day, as being a burden on the State.
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Hessenbruch, Arne. "The commodification of radiation : radium and X-ray standards, 1896-1928." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272780.
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Mosley, Evan Christopher. "The Commodification of Nature: Power/Knowledge and REDD+ in Costa Rica." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83809.
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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is a global carbon trading program intent on mitigating or reversing carbon emissions from forestry in the global south. REDD+ was negotiated at the 2005 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and is coordinated by the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), administered by the World Bank Group. In this project, I explore REDD+ activity in Costa Rica, drawing on Michel Foucault's concept of governmentality. Costa Rica became a participant in the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility in July of 2008. Since then, indigenous peoples throughout the country have contested the program. This project is a single-case study of the Bribri contestation of REDD+ schemes, one of the larger indigenous communities in Costa Rica. Bribri argue that REDD+ disrespects their worldview and further endangers their local rights to land and forestry. This project argues that REDD+ and Bribri have different perceptions of nature, enabling disagreement on REDD+ goals. Whereas REDD+ perceives nature as commodifiable for the purposes of neoliberal climate policies, Bribri express a spiritual, harmonious relationship with nature. I conclude by noting that REDD+ can pose negative implications for indigenous life and culture. This is not only because REDD+ draws external and domestic actors to land and forestry for incentive-based purposes. But also because REDD+ defines 'rightful behavior' among forestry resources, challenging indigenous conceptions of environmental management. However, the Bribri are resisting REDD+ imposition and, particularly, the program's external governing of indigenous behavior amongst forests.Master of Arts
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Tyson, Lois Marie. "The commodification of the American dream : capitalist subjectivity in American literature." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1294937169.
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Tyson, Lois. "The commodification of the American dream : capitalist subjectivity in American literature /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487670346877265.
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Marchione, Renata. "Participatory culture and commodification in the age of the "digital revolution"." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457041058/viewonline.
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McGovern, Patrick Joseph. "A three ring circus: The disciplining and commodification of political science." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280726.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the impact of economic rationality upon the practice of political theory within the discipline of political science and its relationship with the larger modern political context in which they are embedded. This work addresses an interest in tying together the rise of economic rationality and the rise methodism within political theory with the decline of "epic" political theory and civil society. I argue here that the decline of civil society is tied in part to the commodification of political knowledge within the modern university system, and that the modern university system and its practices are inundated by market rationality and discourse. This is expressed in the practice of political theorists "capturing" the idea of the public and commodifying it through the peer-review journal process; the "public" becomes the medium through which political theory and science identifies itself as a discipline and its practitioners professionally. The public is not privy to understanding itself as a public and is cut off from its own intellectual means of coming to grips with its own identity. Notions and ideas about the public are "methodized" and "disciplined" and are traded among political scientists and theorists more out of private professional concern than concern for serving public interests or democratic ideals and values. The purpose of political science and theory is the analysis of power in all its dimensions. I argue that political theory's position to comment on the nature of power is itself compromised by the dominance of market rationality and methodism. Political theory's critical distance from the methodism of political science has been narrowed by the rise in the importance of the peer-reviewed article for "professional development." In order for political theory to engage the expansive, critical position of epic political theory, and thus public interest, it must address the issue and problems presented by peer-review, the nature of "progress" in the social sciences and come to engage an ethic of responsibility to democracy.
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Rahayu, Titik Puji. "DetEksi's newspaper polls : the representation and commodification of Indonesian teenagers' identities." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1866.
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This thesis examines the way contemporary Indonesian teenagers are represented through polls in one of the Jawa Pos Group's publications, DetEksi. It also investigates the interests behind the production of these representations and who benefits.
The research contributes substantially to the discourse on contemporary Indonesian teenagers and the way their identities are commodified by the media. Furthermore, the study will enhance understanding of the political and economic aspects of media content, especially, in relation to media polls and identity.
The qualitative research employed uses multi-perspectives derived from combining elements of Cultural Studies and Political Economy in examining DetEksi's polls. Specifically, a narrative analysis methodology was implemented to examine the way DetEksi constructs narratives/stories based on its polls about contemporary Indonesian teenagers. Additionally, interviews were conducted with DetEksi's founder, editor and supervisor in order to understand the economic and political considerations related to the topics of DetEksi's polls.
During 2005 and 2007, DetEksi conducted an extensive number of polls about gender, sexuality and social c]ass. Other loci of identity, such as nationality, ethnicity and religiosity, were covered in very few publications only. Gender, sexuality and social class were found to be more about a person's self identity: being a male/or female, building a heterosexual romantic relationship, and symbolically signifying social class status. Nationality, ethnicity and religiosity were found to be more the concern of community groups, such as ethnic or religious groups which in total comprise the nation. Therefore, DetEksi was found to represent contemporary Indonesian teenager ethos as a generation concerned mostly with individual issues of style rather than substantive community matters.
DetEksi's polls have benefited contemporary Indonesian teenagers socially and culturally by providing social acknowledgement of their identities. To some extent, DetEksi has benefited the state and the patriarchal system in Indonesia ideologically. Additionally, this media has also benefited modern capitalism economically since many aspects of identity are commodified by modem capitalism -beauty, pornography and social class symbols being the key examples. In turn, DetEksi has gained significant economic benefit from its readers, the state and modern capitalism.
This research confirms the subtle presence of media content being a site for contention between various interests. The winners are those whose interests are in line with the media interest, especially its economic interest.