Academic literature on the topic 'Commitment device'
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Journal articles on the topic "Commitment device"
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Möcker, Michael. "Commitment Devices." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2014010102.
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Commitment devices are regularly celebrated as an easy-to-use, budget way to dodge self-control problems. Analysis of a Bénabou and Tirole-style signaling game (2004) casts doubts on this view. Adding a commitment device to the standard model reveals difficulties: An agent relying on a commitment device to restrain his future self is less restrained in the present. Committing to do an unpleasant activity in the future leads to procrastination as the signaling effect of doing it now disappears. Therefore some agents may be better off without access to commitment devices. Policy implications are discussed.
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Werner, Raub, and Gideon Keren. "Hostages as a commitment device." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 21, no. 1 (May 1993): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(93)90039-r.
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Kemnitz, Alexander. "Immigration as a commitment device." Journal of Population Economics 19, no. 2 (November 5, 2005): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-005-0042-y.
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Cigno, Alessandro. "Marriage as a commitment device." Review of Economics of the Household 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2012): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-012-9141-1.
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Hughes, John S., and Michael G. Williams. "Commitments and Disclosure in Oligopolies." Accounting Review 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.111.
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In this paper, we examine the welfare effects of pre-production commitments made by firms competing in oligopoly markets and disclosure of such commitments. By commitments we refer to any device that provides a strategic incentive to alter production choices. Examples include forward contracts, capital structure, research and development investment, terms of compensation, and cost allocation. If the only purpose underlying commitment is to gain a strategic advantage in product market competition, then the result with disclosure can be characterized by Stackelberg warfare. Many potential commitments have non-strategic effects, implying a trade-off when optimizing, with imperfect achievement of both strategic (deterring rival production) and non-strategic goals. However, given disclosure, we show that in the limit as the number of commitment devices becomes large, firms achieve full Stackelberg warfare and total realization of non-strategic goals. Disclosure in this context is social welfare enhancing.
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Baumann, Florian. "Severance Payments as a Commitment Device." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 166, no. 4 (2010): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245610793524929.
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Khalil, Fahad, and Bruno M. Parigi. "Loan Size as a Commitment Device." International Economic Review 39, no. 1 (February 1998): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2527234.
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Ball, Ray, A. Scott Keating, and Jerold L. Zimmerman. "Historical Cost as a Commitment Device." Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 74, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.74.12723.
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Noda, Akihiro. "Auditor choice as a commitment device." Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting 16, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 374–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfra-05-2017-0036.
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Purpose This study aims to examine how firms choose an auditor in the presence of bilateral information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders regarding firms’ economic performance. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a one-period reporting bias game with a firm’s risk-neutral manager and investors in the capital market, in which a manager with private information chooses an auditor and reports earnings to investors who acquire their own information. The analysis focuses on the possibility that the manager engages an auditor to constrain earnings management as a commitment device to minimize reporting error cost. Findings The results show that the manager’s optimal auditor choice is determined based on investor sensitivity to the earnings report, and managerial incentives for earnings management, discounted by the uncertainty of reporting errors. The results for optimal auditor choice are counterintuitive: engaging a higher-quality auditor could seemingly be associated with aggressive earnings management. Originality/value This study advances the understanding of the theoretical basis of firms’ auditor choice in the context of market investors’ information acquisition when auditors exercise their discretion in reporting. This issue has received limited attention in the extant literature.
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Clementi, Gian Luca, Thomas F. Cooley, and Cheng Wang. "Stock grants as a commitment device." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 30, no. 11 (November 2006): 2191–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2005.04.009.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Commitment device"
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Alharthi, Saleh. "A Developmental Research of a Taxonomy for Employees’ Mobile Device Cyberslacking and Commitment to the Organization in the Context of Productivity." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1039.
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While the introduction of the Internet facilitated the communication channels at the workplace to improve employees’ productivity, it also raised new challenges, such as Internet use for personal activities. Organizations face productivity losses due to employees’ involvement in counterproductive behaviors, such as cyberslacking. The frequency of mobile device cyberslacking is anticipated to increase due to continuous developments in online connectivity, applications, and the significant growth of mobile device usage worldwide. In addition, research has shown that employees’ commitment to their organization can encourage behaviors that positively influence productivity. Employee’s commitment is a crucial factor because it can benefit an organization in different ways, such as enhancing performance, decreasing absenteeism, and reducing turnover, thus, resulting in sustained productivity. Hence, limited studies have been conducted on the impact of employee cyberslacking using mobile devices and employee’s commitment to the organization on productivity. The research problem that this research study addressed is mobile device cyberslacking at the workplace as it relates to productivity. The main goal of this research study was to develop and validate, using Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), a Mobile Cyberslacking- Commitment Taxonomy using the measures of mobile device cyberslacking based on the self-reported frequency of cyberslacking (FCyS) and employee’s commitment to the organization (EC2O) to provide indirect indication for employee productivity. This research study implemented three phases. Phase One of this study, using the Delphi method, collected data via anonymous online surveys from 19 SMEs to evaluate and validate a set of items relevant to the measures of mobile device FCyS and EC2O, the survey scale, instructions to participants, and the Mobile Cyberslacking-Commitment Taxonomy. In Phase two, using a pilot study, a group of 35 participants were recruited to verify the validity of the survey instrument that was revised by SMEs. In Phase three, the validated survey was sent via email to assess six research questions. The final survey was sent to 1,063 employees who work at organizations in Saudi Arabia and use mobile device on a daily basis. The response rate was 24.93% with 265 usable records. The results of the study showed that employees were dispersed across the Mobile Cyberslacking-Commitment Taxonomy with 4.5% of the employees were positioned in the more problematic quadrant indicating that this portion of employees will not use their mobile devices at the workplace to improve their productivity. The overall results showed that the population had a low frequency of mobile cyberslacking and a high commitment to the organization, thus, have a better potential for productivity. Significant differences in the two constructs were also found across several demographics including age, gender, education level, industry type. Recommendations for practice and research are provided. Moreover, several areas for future research are also presented. The results of this research study contributed to information systems’ body of knowledge by providing researchers and practitioners a novel benchmarking tool of Mobile Cyberslacking-Commitment Taxonomy to enable the measure of employees’ FCyS and EC2O to classify employees’ potential for productivity in the context of the workplace.
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Chailloux, André. "Quantum coin flipping and bit commitment : optimal bounds, pratical constructions and computational security." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112121/document.
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L'avènement de l'informatique quantique permet de réétudier les primitives cryptographiques avec une sécurité inconditionnelle, c'est à dire sécurisé même contre des adversaires tout puissants. En 1984, Bennett et Brassard ont construit un protocole quantique de distribution de clé. Dans ce protocole, deux joueurs Alice et Bob coopèrent pour partager une clé secrète inconnue d'une tierce personne Eve. Ce protocole a une sécurité inconditionnelle et n'a pasd'équivalent classique.Dans ma thèse, j'ai étudié les primitives cryptographiques à deux joueurs où ces joueurs ne se font pas confiance. J'étudie principalement le pile ou face quantique et la mise-en-gage quantique de bit. En informatique classique, ces primitivessont réalisables uniquement avec des hypothèses calculatoires, c'est-à-dire en supposant la difficulté d'un problème donné. Des protocoles quantiques ont été construits pour ces primitives où un adversaire peut tricher avec une probabilité constante strictement inférieure à 1, ce qui reste impossible classiquement. Néanmoins, Lo et Chau ont montré l'impossibilité de créer ces primitives parfaitement même en utilisant l'informatique quantique. Il reste donc à déterminer quelles sont les limites physiques de ces primitives.Dans une première partie, je construis un protocole quantique de pile ou face où chaque joueur peut tricher avec probabilité au plus 1/racine(2) + eps pour tout eps > 0. Ce résultat complète un résultat de Kitaev qui dit que dans un jeu de pile ou face quantique, un joueur peut toujours tricher avec probabilité au moins 1/racine(2). J'ai également construit un protocole de mise-en-gage de bit quantique optimal où un joueur peut tricher avec probabilité au plus 0,739 + eps pour tout eps > 0 puis ai montré que ce protocole est en fait optimal. Finalement, j'ai dérivé des bornes inférieures et supérieures pour une autre primitive: la transmission inconsciente, qui est une primitive universelle.Dans une deuxième partie, j'intègre certains aspects pratiques dans ces protocoles. Parfois les appareils de mesure ne donnent aucun résultat, ce sont les pertes dans la mesure. Je construis un protocole de lancer de pièce quantique tolérant aux pertes avec une probabilité de tricher de 0,859. Ensuite, j'étudie le modèle dispositif-indépendant où on ne suppose plus rien sur les appareils de mesure et de création d'état quantique.Finalement, dans une troisième partie, j'étudie ces primitives cryptographiques avec un sécurité computationnelle. En particulier, je fais le lien entre la mise en gage de bit quantique et les protocoles zero-knowledge quantiquesQuantum computing allows us to revisit the study of quantum cryptographic primitives with information theoretic security. In 1984, Bennett and Brassard presented a protocol of quantum key distribution. In this protocol, Alice and Bob cooperate in order to share a common secret key k, which has to be unknown for a third party that has access to the communication channel. They showed how to perform this task quantumly with an information theoretic security; which is impossible classically.In my thesis, I study cryptographic primitives with two players that do not trust each other. I study mainly coin flipping and bit commitment. Classically, both these primitives are impossible classically with information theoretic security. Quantum protocols for these primitives where constructed where cheating players could cheat with probability stricly smaller than 1. However, Lo, Chau and Mayers showed that these primitives are impossible to achieve perfectly even quantumly if one requires information theoretic security. I study to what extent imperfect protocols can be done in this setting.In the first part, I construct a quantum coin flipping protocol with cheating probabitlity of 1/root(2) + eps for any eps > 0. This completes a result by Kitaev who showed that in any quantum coin flipping protocol, one of the players can cheat with probability at least 1/root(2). I also constructed a quantum bit commitment protocol with cheating probability 0.739 + eps for any eps > 0 and showed that this protocol is essentially optimal. I also derived some upper and lower bounds for quantum oblivious transfer, which is a universal cryptographic primitive.In the second part, I study some practical aspects related to these primitives. I take into account losses than can occur when measuring a quantum state. I construct a Quantum Coin Flipping and Quantum Bit Commitment protocols which are loss-tolerant and have cheating probabilities of 0.859. I also construct these primitives in the device independent model, where the players do not trust their quantum device. Finally, in the third part, I study these cryptographic primitives with information theoretic security. More precisely, I study the relationship between computational quantum bit commitment and quantum zero-knowledge protocols
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BONAN, JACOPO DANIELE. "Essays in development economics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/46828.
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Gaps in financial access remain stark in the largest part of developing countries and have relevant consequences on poor households’ economic decisions, such as credit, saving and risk management. Lack of availability of formal financial services provided by either the market or public authorities (e.g in case of health insurance) have been compensated by the activity of informal groups, associations and arrangements. Old and new forms of community-based groups have been largely documented in most of developing countries and are shown to be active in several crucial economic domains. They have different levels of institutionalization as they can simply rely on social norms or can have rules and a certain degree of formalization concerning e.g. selection criteria, enforcement, sanctions. They all have in common the voluntary participation of people from the same community (village, neighbourhood, people of the same profession), the delivery of services to members, the non-profit character, the underpinning values of solidarity and mutual help. Some examples of community-based groups in Sub-Saharan Africa are analysed in this thesis: Rotating Saving and Credit Associations (roscas), funeral groups and mutual health organizations (MHOs).
The importance of studying community-based arrangements lies in the premise that interventions at the level of a local community can deliver more effective and equitable development. Moreover, examining the mechanics of the informal market is very important for two reasons. First, the strength of the informal market is important for measuring and predicting how effective specific formal sector interventions could be, in the perspective of scaling-up. Second, lessons learned in the informal markets can help shape policy in the formal (Karlan and Morduch 2009).
In chapter 1, drawing on data from a household survey in urban Benin1, we examine membership in two types of informal groups that display the characteristics of a commitment device: rotating savings and credit associations (roscas) and funeral groups. We investigate whether agents displaying time-inconsistent preferences are sophisticated enough to commit themselves through taking part in such groups. We provide evidence indicating that women who are hyperbolic are more likely to join these groups and to save more through them, but men displaying similar preferences appear naïve with regards membership. Moreover, we find that hyperbolic agents, irrespective of their gender, tend to restrain consumption of frivolous goods to a larger extent. Furthermore, weak evidence is provided that microcredit can be used as a device to foster self-discipline. We also ensure that our results cannot be explained by intrahousehold conflict issues.
The second chapter largely draws on Bonan J, Dagnelie O., LeMay-Boucher P. and Tenikue M. (2012) “Is it all about Money? A Randomized Evaluation of the Impact of Insurance Literacy and Marketing Treatments on the Demand for Health Microinsurance in Senegal”, Working Papers 216, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics. It is based on a field work we carried out in Spring-Summer 2010 in Thies, Senegal, which I coordinated and supervised. The chapter presents experimental evidence on mutual health organizations (MHOs) in the area of Thiès, Senegal. Despite their benefits, in some areas there remain low take-up rates. We offer an insurance literacy module, communicating the benefits from health microinsurance and the functioning of MHOs, to a randomly selected sample of households. The effects of this training, and three cross-cutting marketing treatments, are evaluated using a randomized control trial. We find that our various marketing treatments have a positive and significant effect on health insurance adoption, increasing take-up by around 35%. Comparatively the insurance literacy module has a negligible impact on the take up decisions. We attempt at providing different contextual reasons for this result. The third chapter is an extension of the second and draws on the same dataset. We measure the willingness to pay (WTP) for MHOs premiums in a Senegalese urban context. WTP valuations can help both policy makers and existent MHOs in better understanding the characteristics of the demand of microinsurance products. This chapter considers the role of individual and household socio-economic determinants of willingness to pay for a health microinsurance product and add to the previous literature evidence of the role of income, wealth and risk preferences on individual WTP. We find that richer, more wealthy and more risk-averse head of households are more likely to reveal a higher WTP for health microinsurance. Conscious of the potential limits of our elicitation strategy (bidding game), we incorporate the existent literature on the effects of ‘preferences anomalies’ (Watson and Ryan 2007) and estimate WTP accounting for structural shift in preferences (Alberini et al. 1997), anchoring effect (Herriges and Shogren 1996) and the two effects together (Whitehead 2002). We find evidence of slight underestimation of the median WTP if preferences anomalies are not taken into consideration. However, the extent of such difference is far from being relevant. Previous results on the determinants of WTP are robust to the effect of such preference anomalies. We also provide an analysis of the predictive power of WTP on the actual take-up of insurance following our offering of membership to a sample of 360 households. WTP appears to have a positive and significant impact on actual take-up.
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Savani, M. M. "The effectiveness of commitment devices : field experiments on health behaviour change." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1557155/.
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Behavioural public policy, as popularised by the “nudge” agenda, aims to help people make better choices in the face of their inherent biases (Thaler and Sunstein, 2008), including over diet and weight management (Liu et al, 2014). Present bias can lead to time inconsistency: individuals identify an optimal course of action but when the moment comes to take that action they delay or quit, prioritizing present gains at the expense of longer term benefits (O’ Donoghue and Rabin, 1999). Time inconsistency is explained in Thaler and Shefrin’s dual-self model (1981) as the result of an internal tussle between a myopic ‘doer’ and a far-sighted ‘planner’. Commitment devices – voluntary strategies to change future behaviours – can help people stay on track with their goals. Emerging empirical evidence from psychology, medicine, and behavioural economics bears out this prediction for health behaviours (Prestwich et al, 2012; Volpp et al, 2008; Giné et al, 2010), but commitment devices remain relatively under-researched (Perry et al, 2015). The dissertation sets out a fresh analytical framework applying, for the first time, planner-doer theory to health behaviours for weight loss. It also explores how commitment devices might work differently across sub-groups. The empirical strategy, combining quantitative and qualitative methods, centres on two field experiments testing for average and heterogeneous treatment effects of commitment devices on self-monitoring behaviour, participation in a weight loss programme, and weight loss outcomes. Results indicate commitment devices improve health behaviours, but have mixed effects on weight loss: highlighting the potential for commitment overload, and the importance of choosing the right dose of commitment. Qualitative evidence provides fresh insights for planner-doer theory. Differential impacts on sub-groups imply a need for careful targeting and design of commitment devices. The dissertation concludes there is scope for commitment devices to play an effective role in behaviour change programmes.
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Ferrari, Nico. "Context-Based Authentication and Lightweight Group Key Establishment Protocol for IoT Devices." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36975.
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The concept of the Internet of Things is driven by advancements of the Internet with the interconnection of heterogeneous smart objects using different networking and communication technologies. With the rapidly increasing number of interconnected devices present in the life of a person, providing authentication and secure communication between them is considered a key challenge. The integration of Wireless Sensor Networks in the Internet of Things creates new obstacles due to the necessity of finding a balance between the resources utilization and the applied security solutions. In multicast group communications, the energy consumption, bandwidth and processing overhead at the nodes are minimized in comparison to a point-to-point communication system. To securely transmit a message in order to maintain confidentiality of the data and the user’s privacy, usually involves human interaction or the pre-agreement upon some key, the latter unknown to an external attacker. In this thesis, the author proposed an authentication protocol based on the similar context between the correct devices and lightweight computationally secure group-key establishment, avoiding any kind of human involvement. The goal is achieved by having the devices calculate a fingerprint from their ambient context and through a fuzzy commitment scheme generating a commitment respectively opening value which is used to generate a common secret key between them. The tests are effected on real world data accumulated from different environments. The proposed scheme is based on elliptic curve cryptography and cryptographic one-way accumulators. Its feasibility is analyzed by implementing the group key establishment phase in the Contiki operating system and by simulating it with the Cooja simulator. Furthermore, the applicability of the protocol is analyzed and justified by an analysis of the storage overhead, communication overhead, and energy consumption. The simulator shows an energy consumption of only 112 mJ per node for group key establishment. The results obtained in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme, it’s computational, and communication costs are further comparable to other similar approaches.
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Dagosta, Joseph William. "I Saw Something, Do I Say Something? The Role of the Organization, Supervisor, and Coworkers in Encouraging Workers to Peer Report Others’ Counterproductive Work Behavior." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1495107814943573.
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Hammond, Gregory David. "The Relationship Between Job Attitudes and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Attitude Strength." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1204922530.
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Barger, Patricia B. "Service Without a Smile?! Exploring the Roles of Customer Injustice, Anger, and Individual Differences in Emotional Deviance." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1242687801.
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Deprez, Guillaume. "Relation entre déviance constructive, comportements proactifs et innovation : analyse des construits et de leurs conséquences." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0581/document.
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Le but de cette recherche était d'examiner la relation entre la déviance constructive (Galperin, 2012 ; Warren, 2003 ; Vadera, Pratt, & Mishra, 2013), la proactivité (Grant & Ashford, 2008 ; Parker & Collins, 2010) et leur rôle dans le processus de changement et d'innovation (CI) en contexte organisationnel (Potočnik & Anderson, 2016). Nous avons tout d'abord examiné la littérature portant sur la déviance et la proactivité. Nous avons ensuite concentré notre attention sur la création d'une échelle d'attitudes normatives et déviantes (NDAS) pour traiter l'aspect dynamique de la déviance. Ensuite, nous avons exploré la nature du construit de déviance et ainsi traité la relation aux CI. Nous avons proposé l'existence de deux facteurs d'ordre supérieur: le constructive dark side et constructive bright side. Ensuite, nous avons testé la relation entre ces facteurs et des conséquences communes (engagement affectif, bien-être, détresse et intention de départ). Nous avons recruté des travailleurs français par le biais de questionnaires pour tester nos hypothèses. Nous avons donc utilisé, créé ou traduit des échelles de mesures des comportements de déviance constructive (Galperin, 2012), d'innovation (Janseen, 2000), de prise en main (Morisson & Phelps, 1998) ou la NDAS... Nous avons également procédé, dans certains cas, à plusieurs recueils de données espacées dans le temps. Dans la plupart des cas, des analyses de modélisation d'équations structurelles ont été utilisées. Les résultats et les limites sont discutés dans chaque chapitre des articles. Ces résultats aident à clarifier le construit de déviance constructive et sa relation avec la proactivité dans la littérature de CIThe aim of this research was to examine the relation between constructive deviance (Galperin, 2012; Warren, 2003; Vadera, Pratt, & Mishra, 2013), proactivity (Grant & Ashford, 2008; Parker & Collins, 2010) and their role in change and innovation (CI) processes in organizational context (Potočnik & Anderson, 2016). After we examined the deviance and proactive literature related to work and organizational psychology, we focused our attention on the creation of a normative and deviant attitudinal scale (NDAS) to deal with the dynamic aspect of deviance. Then, we explored the nomological network of deviance and treated its relationship with CI related-constructs. We, therefore, proposed the existence of two higher-order factors named constructive dark-side and constructive bright-side. Latterly, we tested for a second time the relation between these second-order factors and common outcomes (affective commitment, well-being, distress, and turnover intent). We used research by questionnaire to test our entire hypothesis on French workers. For this, we used, created and/or translated scales of constructive deviant behaviours (Galperin, 2012), NDAS, innovative work behaviour (Janseen, 2000) or taking charge (Morisson & Phelps, 1998)... We also proceeded, in some cases, with measurements at different times to provide better analysis. In most cases, structural equation modelling analyses were performed. Results and limitations are discussed in each article chapters (chapters 2, 3, & 4). These results help to clarify the nomological network of constructive deviance and its relationship with proactivity in the CI literature. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to follow this path and test it
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Oduor, M. (Michael). "Persuasive software design patterns and user perceptions of behaviour change support systems." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218854.
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Abstract Modern life has increasingly become intertwined with technology, and recent years have witnessed a growth in technologies that support people in, for instance, leading healthier and more sustainable lifestyles. At the centre of this growth has been persuasive systems design, which has been shown to have a positive effect on individuals’ behaviour and their use of systems. This dissertation consists of five studies, encompassing a literature review, two quantitative studies with a total of 227 respondents, and two constructive studies that address the central research question of the dissertation: How can integrating judgment and decision-making processes and persuasive software design patterns enhance the development of behaviour change support systems? The primary theoretical framework for the research is the Persuasive Systems Design model. This is a model that outlines the key requirements for developing persuasive systems, consisting of the theoretical underpinnings, persuasion context analysis, and four feature categories. In recent years, improving the design of persuasive systems to better achieve their intended objectives has been an important topic. This dissertation, in addition to examining the role of persuasive software features in influencing behaviour, also integrates behavioural economics and software design patterns into the design of persuasive systems. Additionally, the interplay between the categories and other constructs such as perceived competence is investigated through statistical analyses. Overall, results reveal that persuasive system features have an impact on the efficacy of behaviour change support systems. Additionally, integrating behavioural economics concepts that explain the reasons why individuals deviate from expected behaviour and software design patterns can help improve the development of persuasive systems and further enhance their efficacyTiivistelmä Teknologia on yhä tiukemmin osa nykyelämää. Viime vuosina on tapahtunut kasvua ja kehitystä teknologioissa, jotka tukevat ihmisiä esimerkiksi elämään terveellisemmin ja ympäristöä säästäen. Tämän kasvun keskiössä on ollut vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnittelu, jonka on osoitettu vaikuttavan positiivisesti sekä ihmisten käyttäytymiseen että järjestelmien käyttöön. Tämä väitöskirja käsittää viisi tutkimusta, sisältäen kirjallisuuskatsauksen, kaksi kvantitatiivista tutkimusta yhteensä 227 vastaajalla, ja kaksi konstruktiivista tutkimusta, jotka yhdessä vastaavat väitöskirjan päätutkimuskysymykseen: Kuinka arviointi- ja päätöksentekoprosessit sekä vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnittelumallit yhdistämällä voidaan edistää käyttäytymisen muutosta tukevien järjestelmien kehitystä? Ensisijainen teoreettinen viitekehys tutkimukselle on vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnittelumalli (Persuasive Systems Design model). Kyseinen malli määrittää keskeiset vaatimukset vakuuttavien järjestelmien kehittämiselle. Tärkeänä aiheena on ollut vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnittelemisen edistäminen, jotta niillä voitaisiin paremmin saavuttaa aiotut päämäärät. Vakuuttavien järjestelmien ohjelmisto-ominaisuuksien vaikutuksesta käyttäytymiseen tutkimisen lisäksi väitöskirja yhdistää myös behavioristisen taloustieteen ja ohjelmistosuunnittelumallit vakuuttavien järjestelmien suunnitteluun. Lisäksi kategorioiden ja muiden käsitteiden, kuten koetun pätevyyden, vuorovaikutusta on tutkittu tilastollisen analyysin keinoin. Kaiken kaikkiaan tulokset paljastavat vakuuttavien järjestelmien ominaisuuksilla olevan vaikutusta käyttäytymisen muutosta tukevien järjestelmien vaikuttavuuteen. Lisäksi integroimalla behavioristisen taloustieteen konsepteja, jotka selittävät syitä, joiden vuoksi yksilöt käyttäytyvät odotetusta poikkeavasti, ohjelmistosuunnittelumalleihin, voidaan auttaa edistämään vakuuttavien järjestelmien kehittämistä ja parantaa niiden vaikuttavuutta
Books on the topic "Commitment device"
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Ravenna, Federico. The European Monetary Union as a commitment device for new EU member states. [Vienna:]: Oesterreichische Nationalbank, 2005.
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Aizer, Anna. Love, hate and murder: Commitment devices in violent relationships. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Aizer, Anna. Love, hate and murder: Commitment devices in violent relationships. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Mody, Ashoka. Catalyzing capital flows: Do IMF-supported programs work as commitment devices. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 2003.
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Tomlinson, Jim. Search for policy devices: Fulfilling the commitment of the 1944 White Paper on employment policy. Uxbridge, Middx: Department of Economics, Brunel University, 1985.
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Kast, Felipe Jose. Under-savers anonymous: Evidence on self-help groups and peer pressure as a savings commitments device. [Boston]: Harvard Business School, 2011.
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Graham, Christopher D. Investigating the psychology of assistive device use in ALS: Suggestions for improving adherence and engagement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0012.
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In ALS, assistive devices—such as wheelchairs, augmentative, and alternative communication devices (AAC) and environmental controls—are often used to compensate for the functional impairments caused by the condition. These devices may help maintain meaningful functioning and help preserve quality of life. Yet adherence to and uptake of such devices is sub-optimal. Drawing on the literature from ALS and other diseases, this chapters explores the psychosocial challenges of assistive device use, and factors that might affect usage—cognitive impairment and mood, threats to identity, social context, illness adjustment/acceptance, and the desire to maintain control over one’s health care. Methods that clinicians can use to intervene to improve non-adherence are then suggested—bio-psychosocial assessment (formulation) informed by cognitive and mood screens, voice-banking for appropriate accents in AAC devices, increasing illness acceptance via counselling, or acceptance and commitment therapy, and empathetic clinician-facilitated discussions with patient-significant other dyads and families.
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Mody, Ashoka, and Diego Saravia. Catalyzing Capital Flows: Do Imf-Supported Programs Work As Commitment Devices? International Monetary Fund, 2003.
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Mody, Ashoka, and Diego Saravia. Catalyzing Capital Flows: Do Imf-Supported Programs Work As Commitment Devices? International Monetary Fund, 2003.
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Mody, Ashoka, and Diego Saravia. Catalyzing Capital Flows: Do Imf-Supported Programs Work as Commitment Devices? International Monetary Fund, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Commitment device"
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Yar, Majid. "Commitment." In Crime, Deviance and Doping, 52–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137403759_5.
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Wu, Huei Wen, and Shyang-Yuh Wang. "Exploring the Impact Variables of Mobile Device Users’ Continuous Use of Mobile Payment with a Commitment to Trust." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 597–602. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6113-9_68.
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Saurabh, Saket, and MdIrfan Ahmed. "Optimization Method for Unit Commitment in High-Level Wind Generation and Solar Power." In Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking, 143–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7901-6_17.
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Boureanu, Ioana, and Serge Vaudenay. "Several Weak Bit-Commitments Using Seal-Once Tamper-Evident Devices." In Provable Security, 70–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33272-2_6.
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Oduor, Michael, and Harri Oinas-Kukkonen. "Commitment Devices as Behavior Change Support Systems: A Study of Users’ Perceived Competence and Continuance Intention." In Persuasive Technology: Development and Implementation of Personalized Technologies to Change Attitudes and Behaviors, 201–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55134-0_16.
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Christensen Hughes, Julia, and Sarah Elaine Eaton. "Student Integrity Violations in the Academy: More Than a Decade of Growing Complexity and Concern." In Academic Integrity in Canada, 61–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_3.
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AbstractAcademic misconduct in Canada is a growing and complex concern, worthy of increased attention and concerted action. Yet, the press appears to be more actively engaged (at least more vocal) in raising concerns about integrity violations than many in our post-secondary institutions. This chapter presents a synopsis of the seminal work by Christensen Hughes and McCabe (in the Canadian Journal of Higher Education 36: 1–21, 2006), followed by an exploration of its treatment by the press—in particular MacLean’s magazine—following its release. We also present select stories of student misconduct as reported by the Canadian press from 2010 to 2020. From a review of these contributions, we suggest that misconduct in the academy appears to be growing in complexity, severity and by the variety of third-party stakeholders involved. Types of cheating identified in this review include: the use of wearable, wireless high-tech devices for communicating with accomplices; paying (bribing) TAs for answers and inflated grades; exam impersonation; plagiarism; and contract cheating (customized essay buying from freelance writers and essay sweatshops). Explanations provided in the press for these behaviours, include increasing numbers of international students, the proliferation of contract cheating services, and increased use of on-line assessment, resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. The chapter concludes with a call to action, for all post-secondary institutions, to a greater commitment to academic integrity, including stepping up efforts to educate faculty and students as well as to embrace innovation in assessment design and invigilation practice. We also suggest advocacy for introducing laws that will help to deter contract cheating services.
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Mitchell, Neil J. "Commitment." In Why Delegate?, 115–34. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190904197.003.0005.
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Sometimes principals delegate in order to control themselves rather than others. The incentive is to deliver on a commitment to themselves or to a valued audience. A football player finds an agent to look after his money for the protracted period when no longer playing. Or governments delegate to central bankers in order to commit to a sound economic policy for the long term, protecting against the temptation of spending for short-term electoral gains. More surprising at the international level, governments commit to human rights treaties and agencies, ostensibly giving up repression when dealing with opponents, dissenters, and critical journalists. While third-party or “fire-alarm” monitoring of these commitments by civil society organizations provides some added robustness to this delegation device, as the real-world application to human rights makes clear, fire alarms can be tampered with in a way unanticipated in principal-agent models.
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Asako, Yasushi. "Electoral promises as a commitment device." In Analyzing Electoral Promises with Game Theory, 22–57. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003009634-2.
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Stalnaker, Robert. "Possible Worlds and Possible Individuals." In Propositions, 166—C6.N12. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197647035.003.0007.
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Abstract While this book endorses an ontological commitment to propositions, properties, and relations, it rejects a commitment to the existence of merely possible worlds or merely possible individuals. The aim of this chapter is to reconcile the rejection of these ontological commitments with a model theory for modal logic that seems to require them. It is argued that a model structure of a Kripke model that is intended to represent some aspect of reality should be regarded as a representational device that may contain artifacts that do not correspond to anything in the reality being modeled. The role of the artifacts is to represent a relational structure that is realized in the domains of entities being modeled. The modeling strategy is a generalized supervaluation strategy that uses refinements of models to facilitate the compositional semantics for domains with relational structure that is not grounded intrinsic properties.
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Bayne, Tim. "6. The roots of religious belief." In Philosophy of Religion: A Very Short Introduction, 79–92. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198754961.003.0006.
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One of the features of human societies is the ubiquity of religious commitment. But why do we find religious ideas compelling? ‘The roots of religious belief’ suggests we need to look beyond the arguments for God’s existence. The ‘standard model’ of religious belief is comprised of three elements: the activity of a hypersensitive agency detection device; the intuitive pull of teleological explanations; and the need to ensure that the members of a society comply with its norms. What implications might the standard model have for the rationality of religious belief? The destabilizing thesis, the by-product argument, the argument from explanatory absence, and the argument from unreliability are all discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Commitment device"
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Sethi, Mohit, Markku Antikainen, and Tuomas Aura. "Commitment-based device pairing with synchronized drawing." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/percom.2014.6813959.
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Lee, Hyunsoo, Uichin Lee, and Hwajung Hong. "Commitment devices in online behavior change support systems." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3309700.3338446.
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Moraveji, Neema, Ryo Akasaka, Roy Pea, and B. J. Fogg. "The role of commitment devices and self-shaping in persuasive technology." In the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979813.
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Zhang, Q., P. Lu, P. Dimitriou, S. Akehurst, C. Copeland, M. Zangeneh, B. Richards, and G. Fowler. "Implementing Full Electric Turbocharging Systems on Highly Boosted Gasoline Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64960.
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To secure the highly challenging 2°C climate change limit, the automotive sector is expected to further improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engines. Over the past decade, internal combustion engine downsizing through turbocharging has become one of the major solutions that the industry has offered to fulfil its carbon commitment. Although the various new turbocharging technologies has changed the sluggish image of conventional turbocharged engines, the turbocharger system is far from perfect. From the perspective of engine energy flow, the copious amount of waste energy is habitually harvested by the turbine with low efficiency, subsequently the turbine power transmitted to the compressor is used solely to charge the engine. When this power for charging is excessive for the set engine operating condition, it either is consumed by throttling or is directly discharged through the wastegate, both as a pure enthalpy loss. To more efficiently harness the waste energy without deteriorating other engine performance parameters, a full electric turbocharging technology is proposed by Aeristech Ltd. The system is composed of an electric turbo generator and an electric compressor connected only through electrical system. Without the constraint of a mechanical turboshaft, the compressor and the turbine can be operated at different speeds. The electrically driven compressor can be free floating when boost is not required and the motor can provide the boost promptly only when higher load is requested. Meanwhile, the electric turbine can be controlled by the generator to operate at any set speed, allowing maximum efficiency for energy harvesting. This paper presents a simulation study of the capability of the decoupled eTurbocharging system to charge a highly boosted 2 litre gasoline engine. The single stage eTurbocharger configuration and the eTurbocharger plus a mechanical turbocharger configuration were evaluated and compared. The simulation results have revealed that the two stage eTurbocharging system has the potential to reduce CO2 emission in the proximity of 1 percent in different drive cycles compared to conventional wastegate turbocharger and the benefit would be much higher for future real world driving cycle. The single stage configuration was shown to be impractical in that the power level of the turbine generator will not only limit the engine power output, but also have negative impact on the system design, cooling and cost implied. Meanwhile, the two stage configuration where the eCompressor acts as a supplementary boost device at low end and transient device came out as a better solution with overall advantage in manageable power level, system efficiency, transient response and implied cost.
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Marrouchi, Sahbi, Moez Ben Hessine, and Souad Chebbi. "Combined Use of an Improved PSO and GA to Solve the Unit Commitment Problem." In 2018 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd.2018.8570514.
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Dhifaoui, Chefai, Omar Kahouli, and Hsan Hadj Abdallah. "Multi-Objective Economic Dispatch and Unit Commitment Problems (EDUCP) Considering Valve Point Effect Using MOPSO Algorithm." In 2018 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd.2018.8570381.
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Jingwen Li and Jinquan Zhao. "Low carbon unit commitment for power system with wind farms and carbon capture devices based on DE-BBO algorithm." In International Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2015). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2015.0416.
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Belotti, Vittorio, Manjula U. Hemapala, Rinaldo C. Michelini, and Roberto P. Razzoli. "Robot Remote Control and Mine Sweeping." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59397.
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Demining is calamity of third world countries. The clearing is ceaseless, more expensive than the spreading, and terrorist return is obtained by weakening of the antagonistic population. The mines are cheapest weapon, built to make horrible injuries, affecting active people, with major falls-off into economic growth. The disaster is notably cruel in Sri Lanka, with anti-person mines spread in the northeast region. After the ceasefire, the international organisations started the mine sweeping, with poor issues, due to politico-economical motivations in direct bond with wants in the technical effectiveness. The pitiable situation is worsened, as most rich lands are removed from farming exploitation, with increasing of the internally displaced persons. Now, clearing is engineering duty, and the humanitarian goal comes to be technical challenge. The advanced robotics fulfils clean and reliable tasks, on condition to upgrade sophistication and cost and to loose third-world appropriateness. The challenge is to turn local machines and awareness into effective robotic aids, willingly used by the local people, and to enhance the on-going outcomes. The analysis, mainly, addresses the following points: - the engaged technologies need to provide special purpose outfits and to involve operators having adapted uniformity; - the work-flow pre-setting ought to detail the duty-cycles and to establish the standard achievements; - the planning has to specify the on-process warning/emergency management and the failure protection rules; - the operators’ instruction and training shall aim at off-process optimised work-flows to circumvent risky issues; - the effectiveness comes from organised routine agendas, in conformity with allotted tasks and emergency events. This is a mix of organisational and technologic demands, calling for responsible commitment of the involved people, so that the local Civil Service is entitled to do the clearing operations, and the all engaged community is solidly concerned. The winning solution shall look at low-cost robotic outfits, to be obtained with resort to nearby available resources and competences (e.g., drawn on from the local agricultural machinery and know-how), and full account of the cost limits, while aiming at the process effectiveness by the mix of enabling cues, principally deferred to enhancing the regional awareness and the factual dedication. The paper stresses on fairly unorthodox robots, addressing unmanned effectors facilities joined with intelligent remote-command abilities, not as advanced achievements, rather as cheapest productivity upgrading, assembled from standard farming devices, through the shared know-how and commitment of locally involved operators.
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Liu, Miao, and Hongzhao Qi. "Product Design for Children's Life Education from the Perspective of Social Control Theory." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001739.
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Childhood is the beginning of life, and education during this period is crucial to a person's growth. Life education is an important part of the basic education system, and life education for children is conducive to establishing the correct values of life from an early age, learning to respect and care for their own lives and the lives of others. Life education has always been the weakness of the Chinese education system, and the lack of awareness of life education among children from an early age has led to many tragedies. Life education in China is still in the exploratory stage, and the research and development of life education products for children is still insufficient, so it is of great social value to study how to design better life education products.This paper studies the product design of children's life education from the perspective of the Social Control Theory, which is a long-established criminological theory that studies how to comply with social rules and prevent impermissible behavior. The Social Bond Theory in Social Control Theory holds that the four key elements of "attachment", "commitment", "involvement" and "belief", also known as social bonds, help people reduce their criminal tendencies. Social Control Theory has been widely used in the study of juvenile delinquency, but few researchers currently apply it to the field of children’s life education, so it is a novel perspective and method to apply Social Control Theory to children's life education design research. It brings forward social control from crime prevention to promoting children's education, this is relevant and reasonable.This paper first uses the interdisciplinary research method, integrates the multidisciplinary knowledge of sociology and psychology to study and summarize the Social Control Theory, and combines Piaget's cognitive development theory and other educational theories to study children's life education, summarizes the connection between social control and children's life education, and constructs the basic framework of life education system from the perspective of social control. In this paper, we used python crawler to collect data about children's life education products and summarize the current situation of children's life education product design. The questionnaire method was used to obtain the data of approval degree of parents of kindergarten children for children's life education and in the investigation of the attributes of children's life education products they value. Design suggestions for children's life education products are provided from the perspective of the four aspects of the social bond of social control theory: attachment, commitment, involvement and belief.This paper summarizes the connection between Social Control Theory and children's life education. From the perspective of social control, the continued development of life education deficiency is deviance and crime, and the purpose of children's life education is firstly to guide children to learn to comply with norms and to create values, and secondly to develop self-control from an early age and learn to cope with emotional changes. Social Control Theory provides a new perspective for the design of children's life education products, that is, from the four social bonds of "attachment", "commitment", "involvement" and "belief", make children cultivate good cultural values and positive personality, enhance their social participation and self-efficacy. Social Control Theory can help society, families and schools provide better life education for children, and help children learn about life more effectively, establish correct life values and have a better life.
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Jayatilleke, Buddhini Gayathri. "Building Resilience during the Forced Isolation: Experiences of Tenacious Academics of the Open University of Sri Lanka." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.9029.
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The purpose of this paper is to report on the resilience of the faculty academics of the Open University of Sri Lanka who embarked on the online journey to support the isolated learners during the Covid-19 lockdown. A total of 225 academics responded to the questionnaire administered immediately after the lockdown, resulting in a 66% response rate. Findings revealed that 10% of academics had already completed their activities, 53% had engaged in online teaching before and during the pandemic while 17% had commenced only during the pandemic. In contrast, 20% had not gone online. This study focuses on the 17% who responded promptly to support learners during this unexpected situation. The challenges were categorized as learner-centric; teacher-centric and institutional-centric. Learner-centric challenges were focused on learner issues such as access issues related to devices, internet connections, data, etc., and how to design alternative strategies to increase learner engagement. Teacher-centric challenges were upskilling knowledge and skills associated with online learning, balancing official workload with personal commitments, etc. Institutional-centric challenges were related to obtaining essential support services remotely. These tenacious academics demonstrated how they build their resilience to face unexpected situations through self-regulatory mechanisms. This study provides some insights into building resilience for future educational endeavours.
Reports on the topic "Commitment device"
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Kast, Felipe, Stephan Meier, and Dina Pomeranz. Under-Savers Anonymous: Evidence on Self-Help Groups and Peer Pressure as a Savings Commitment Device. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18417.
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Aizer, Anna, and Pedro Dal Bó. Love, Hate and Murder: Commitment Devices in Violent Relationships. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13492.
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Martin, Matthew, Jo Walker, Kwesi W. Obeng, and Christian Hallum. The West Africa Inequality Crisis: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Development Finance International, Oxfam, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8045.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and worsened the depth of inequality in West Africa. It has pushed millions into poverty. There is no end in sight due to the obscene global vaccine inequality, which means that less than 4% of West Africans had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 as at September 2021, compared with 52% in the United States and 57% in the European Union. In 2021, when COVID-19 infections are rising in West Africa, the critical support health and socioeconomic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 are being rolled back and replaced with austerity. Many governments are following advice from the IMF and World Bank, reminiscent of the severe cuts in spending imposed under the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s and 1990s. However, as this paper argues, the pandemic offers West African governments a once-in-a-generation opportunity to invest heavily in inequality-busting policies by boosting public spending (especially on healthcare, education and social protection), making tax systems more progressive, and tackling joblessness and precarious work. This report uses the Commitment to Reducing Inequality Index (CRII) framework devised by Oxfam and Development Finance International to assess the policies of West African governments. Visit the CRI Index website to learn more: www.inequalityindex.org.
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Chiavassa, Nathalie, and Raphael Dewez. Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003250.
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The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.
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Asian Development Bank Annual Report 2021: Toward a Green and Inclusive Recovery. Asian Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls220104.
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This Annual Report provides a comprehensive account of the operational and financial results of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in 2021. The report summarizes how ADB’s finance, knowledge, and partnerships helped its developing member countries (DMCs) tackle the immediate effects of the coronavirus disease pandemic and pursue a green and inclusive recovery. New commitments are presented under the seven operational priorities of Strategy 2030 and are complemented by examples of earlier projects that have improved people’s lives across Asia and the Pacific. The report also provides details about organizational initiatives that are ensuring ADB continues to meet the evolving needs of its DMCs. Annual Report 2021 is available in two formats: a digital version optimized for mobile devices and featuring multimedia content, and a PDF.
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Asian Development Bank Annual Report 2021: Toward a Green and Inclusive Recovery. Asian Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls220104.
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This Annual Report provides a comprehensive account of the operational and financial results of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in 2021. The report summarizes how ADB’s finance, knowledge, and partnerships helped its developing member countries (DMCs) tackle the immediate effects of the coronavirus disease pandemic and pursue a green and inclusive recovery. New commitments are presented under the seven operational priorities of Strategy 2030 and are complemented by examples of earlier projects that have improved people’s lives across Asia and the Pacific. The report also provides details about organizational initiatives that are ensuring ADB continues to meet the evolving needs of its DMCs. Annual Report 2021 is available in two formats: a digital version optimized for mobile devices and featuring multimedia content, and a PDF.