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1
Bailey, Roy John. "Policing the Police and Crime Commissioners." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/policing-the-police-and-crime-commissioners(ada3ad57-1d5f-4de8-8f36-19fa92a3908a).html.
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This thesis, which critically examines the ability of Police and Crime Panels(PCPs) to subject Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) to effective and robust scrutiny, presents the findings of a mixed methods study conducted across England and Wales. The views of PCCs, members of PCPs, panel clerks and other stakeholders, were sought in respect of the effectiveness of the current governance model. As politics is central to the new model, the participants reflect he main political parties, including independent PCCs and panel members. Democratic oversight of policing was changed radically in 2012, with the replacement of police authorities by directly elected PCCs. While the focus was, quite properly, on making the police more accountable, there has been growing concern from criminal justice commentators about the lack of provision in the new arrangements for holding PCCs to account. There is now a growing body of evidence that PCPs are unable to exercise even a modest degree of scrutiny, leaving PCCs free to ignore advice or censure (Loveday, Lewis and Bailey, 2014). Often cited by the critics are examples of maverick behaviour by PCCs, which have frequently gone unchecked by PCPs. Some have seen an ironic twist in the new model of democratic oversight in that the only effective scrutiny of PCCs has occurred at a national, rather than local level, something not intended by the legislators (Chambers, 2013). The findings provide compelling evidence that further reform is necessary if PCPs are to be effective in their statutory role of holding PCCs to account. Each of the key research areas attracted critical comments from the study participants, especially in relation to panel funding and training for panel members. Similarly, the lack of representiveness of panel members, their high turnover and brief tenure drew sharp criticism. The potential for undue political influence was recognised by many as a problem, as was the need for strong panel leadership. The research also addressed the challenges in identifying suitable candidates to stand in PCC elections, particularly given this is largely undertaken by the main political parties. This research suggests that the current arrangements do not equip PCPs with either sufficient powers or adequate resources to be effective in their scrutiny role. There is also evidence that panel members, through growing frustration, are losing confidence in their ability to hold PCCs to account, something which will impact the effectiveness of the governance model.
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Njuguna, Patricia Muthoni. "The Challenges Faced By Truth Commissions as a Result of the Selection and Appointment of Truth Commissioners." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6368.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Criminal Justice and Procedure)As states continue to rapidly transition from conflict or autocracy to democracy, there has been need to address past gross human rights violations. To address these past egregious violations, transitioning countries often relied on immunities and prosecutions. However, prosecutions and amnesties presented several challenges that necessitated a recourse to truth and reconciliation commissions (hereafter TRCs). Since then, TRCs have evolved to be an essential accountability mechanism in transitional justice. Given the important role that TRCs play in transitioning countries, the composition of TRCs should be of credible character in the eye of the public. The selected and appointed truth commissioners (hereafter commissioners) play a key role in the truth-finding process and the importance of having a constraint-free and reliable work plan of selecting these commissioners cannot be overestimated. However, in practice the selection and appointment of the commissioners has proven to be a challenging exercise.
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Hodson, Susan L. "Leadership and managerial skills of county commissioners as perceived by county commissioners, Ohio Cooperative Extension Service chairs, and Assessment Center assessors /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1332945183.
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Wickline, Tina M. "Attitudes of county commissioners toward farmland preservation in West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4514.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 73 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48).
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Davies, Matthew William. "Elected Police and Crime Commissioners : an experiment in democratic policing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:72bf870f-4ce8-4cf6-9e5c-5564d4273100.
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In this thesis, I explore the ways in which Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) have met a declared policy intention to create greater democratic accountability around policing and crime. I conceptualise PCCs as a piece of a broader democratic puzzle and explore both how they have been positioned and shaped within the broader policing and crime nexus across England and Wales. In considering the positioning of PCCs, I use data from case studies and interviews with 32 (out of 41) PCCs to identify how they have begun to develop relationships with the public and local, regional and national partners. The findings suggest that with the exception of their abilities to join up local crime reduction services, PCCs occupy an awkward space - not local enough to be meaningfully representative of the public they serve, but not outwardly-facing enough to manage wider co-ordination of policing. Subsequently, I investigate the shape of the PCC model to deliver greater accountability by focusing on the ways in which PCCs have begun to envisage the role and develop relationships with other key stakeholders. Varied responses from PCCs across the country reflected the broad-ranging nature of the role, which in some cases appeared to undermine their ability to fully perform all aspects of the job. I argue that this became particularly accentuated in emerging relationships with chief constables and Police and Crime Panels, where the single PCC model exposes accountability to dangers of personalities and politics. I conclude by arguing that while many PCCs have facilitated various components of democratic accountability within the management of policing and crime-reduction services, the PCC model appears to be misplaced and misshaped to effectively complete the puzzle of democratic policing.
6
Baxter, Catherine. "Primary care trusts as commissioners of secondary care : three case studies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1771/.
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This thesis considers the commissioning of secondary care by Primary Care Trusts (PCTs). It provides an in-depth analysis of the commissioning relations and decision-making between PCTs and NHS Trusts using the underlying assumptions of principal-agent theory as a lens for investigation. This qualitative research adopted a range of methodological approaches including the use of observation, interviews and documentary evidence in the analysis of three case studies. The case studies each comprised an NHS Trust and up to four PCT commissioners. Commissioning-related meetings were observed in order to gain an understanding of the ways in which PCTs and NHS Trusts acted as principals or agents, and how these relations were managed. These were followed by interviews with managers and clinicians from primary and secondary care to complement the observational data and to investigate additional issues such as the impact of multiple principals and tiers of principals and agents. Service and Financial Framework documents and Service Level Agreements were also examined. Analysis shows that commissioning was approached in a different way in each case study. The factors affecting the approaches to commissioning were perceptions of local and national pressures, accountability, a public service ethos, leadership, trust and local history. Incentives were not used in Service Level Agreements. In each case study, there was a weak link in the principal-agent chain of commissioning that had the potential to result in non-compliance with decisions. This weakness arose either between commissioner and provider, or between managers and clinicians. In either case, the greater use of incentives is suggested as a solution. Some PCTs did not appear to accept the legitimacy of their roles as commissioners. In addition, and unusually, the principals had an agent role; PCTs were providers as well as commissioners. These dual roles created conflicts of interest.
7
Warren, Digby. "Merchants, commissioners and wardmasters : municipal politics in Cape Town, 1840-1854." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7604.
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Bibliography: leaves 260-272.Merchants,Commissioners and Wardmasters: Municipal Politics in Cape Town, 1840-854 explores the social, political and economic changes and conflicts that helped to determine Cape Town's evolution in the mid nineteenth century. The focus lies on the dominant classes who were involved in municipal and colonial affairs. This study critically examines the thesis, first propounded by Tony Kirk, of class rivalry between Cape Town's 'aristocracy', the mercantile elite, and the rising commercial middle class which dominated the municipal executive. It also investigates the intra-institutional relations between the municipal commissioners (the executive) and wardmasters (members of the junior board of the municipality), and the role played by the municipality in Cape politics. In filling a gap that exists in the growing body of academic research on the history of Cape Town, this dissertation aims to make an original contribution to the field of South African urban history.
8
Harwood, Philip. "Civil marriage commissioners in the province of Saskatchewan: religious freedom and public service." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66948.
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This thesis attempts to address the issue of religious freedom and public service by specifically examining the policy implemented by the Government of Saskatchewan towards its civil marriage commissioners in 2004. This work takes a critical look at four key aspects: first, reasonable accommodation – its history, its application in the Canadian context and the academic debates pertaining to religious accommodation; second, the policymaking process employed by the Province of Saskatchewan; third, Canadian jurisprudence on freedom of religion cases; and finally, contemporary academic approaches to the role of religion in the public sphere. Taken together, these issues suggest that the contemporary shift in understanding and applying norms of reasonable accommodation, in conjunction with the current judicial trend to assign religious belief to the private sphere, reinforces the notion that the religious rights of private citizens are limited when they assume a public role.Cette thèse examine la question de la liberté de religion et la fonction publique, en analysant spécifiquement la politique mise en place par le Gouvernement de la Saskatchewan vis-à-vis les commissaires aux mariages civils en 2004. Cet ouvrage jette un regard critique sur quatre aspects principaux: le premier, l'accommodement raisonnable - son histoire, son application dans le contexte canadien et les débats académiques liés à l'accommodement religieux; le deuxième, le processus d'élaboration des politiques utilisé par la province de la Saskatchewan; le troisième, la jurisprudence canadienne sur la liberté de religion; et finalement, les approches académiques contemporaines vis-à-vis le rôle de la religion dans la sphère publique. Ensemble, ces enjeux suggèrent que le changement contemporain dans la compréhension et l'application des normes d'accommodement raisonnable, en conjonction avec la tendance judiciaire actuelle d'assigner des croyances religieuses à la sphère publique, renforcent la notion que les droits religieux des citoyens privés sont limités lorsqu'ils adoptent un rôle public.
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Beauchemin, Christopher Allen. "Residents and land use commissioners' attitudes toward tourism in New London County, Connecticut /." View abstract, 1999. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1562.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1999.Thesis advisor: Richard Benfield. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-102).
10
Leszkowicz, Jade Mara. "The Commissioners for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies: Albany County, New York:1778-1781." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626635.
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Steer, Susan Ruth. "'Ell maistro dell anchona' : the Venetian altarpieces of Bartolomeo Vivarini and their commissioners." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/34aa3e47-b8cb-42fe-9f0c-ce27f588cde6.
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Bean, Christopher B. Lowe Richard G. "A stranger amongst strangers an analysis of the Freedmen's Bureau subassistant commissioners in Texas, 1865-1868 /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9122.
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Bean, Christopher B. "A Stranger Amongst Strangers: An Analysis of the Freedmen's Bureau Subassistant Commissioners in Texas, 1865-1868." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9122/.
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This dissertation is a study of the subassistant commissioners of the Freedmen's Bureau in Texas from late 1865 to late 1868. Its focus is two-fold. It first examines who these men were. Were they northern born or southern? Did they own slaves? Were these men rich, poor, or from the middle-class? Did they have military experience or were they civilians? How old was the average subassistant commissioner in Texas? This work will answer what man Freedmen's Bureau officials deemed qualified to transition the former slave from bondage to freedom. Secondly, in conjunction with these questions, this work will examine the day-to-day operations of the Bureau agents in Texas, chronicling those aspects endemic to all agents as well as those unique to certain subdistricts. The demand of being a Bureau agent was immense, requiring long hours in the office fielding questions and long hours in the saddle inspecting subdistricts. In essence, their work advising, protecting, and educating the freedmen was a never ending one. The records of the Freedmen's Bureau, both the records for headquarters and the subassistant commissioners, serve as the main sources, but numerous newspapers, Texas state official correspondences, and military records proved helpful. Immense amounts of information arrived at Bureau headquarters from field personnel. This work relies heavily on reports and letters in the Bureau agents' own words. This dissertation follows a chronological approach, following the various Bureau administrations in Texas. I believe this approach allows the reader to better glimpse events as they happened.
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Pitman, Grant Alan, and n/a. "Police Minister and Commissioner Relationships." Griffith University. School of Public Policy, 1998. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030228.140953.
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Australian Police Ministers and Commissioners occupy a pivotal position in the system of law enforcement. Collectively, they are responsible for the general policy, administration and operational direction and control of policing through the Australian States. There has been in the past twenty five years a growing complexity and a variety of problems facing police agencies which are arduous and demanding. Continuing social tension of recent years have given police ministers and commissioners higher public profiles than ever before. The research undertaken in this thesis examines the difficulties experienced between police ministers and commissioners in Queensland and New South Wales from 1970 to 1995. Three models have been developed as a framework to analyse the relationships and how they operate. The three models are called - 'Dependency', 'Independency' and 'Interdependency'. Twenty-one police ministers, commissioners and advisers from Queensland and New South Wales were interviewed during the course of the research. Five separate case studies were developed to analyse and interpret the relationships within the context of the three models. A summary chapter of additional research data provides supporting information which was used to substantiate the case study material. The conclusion argues that relationships operate more effectively when elements of the 'Interdependency' model exist. The need for further debate about the administrative, legal and management elements of the working relationship between a police minister and commissioner is essential to achieve a balance between policy, administration and operational requirements within a modern western democratic policing system.
15
Schwepcke, Barbara. "The British High Commissioners in Germany : some aspects of their role in Anglo-German relations, 1949-1955." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1086/.
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Between 1949 and 1955 the supreme authority in the newly established Federal Republic of Germany did not lie in the hands of the elected representatives, but in the hands of the representatives of the three Western Occupying Powers, the Allied High Commissioners. Surprisingly quickly the character and the role of the Allied High Commission changed and it devolved more and more of its power to the German Government. This thesis recounts the history of the Allied High Commission from the perspective of the British High Commissioner. Three men consecutively held this position: Sir Brian Robertson, Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick, and Sir Frederick Hoyer Millar. They were three very different men, who had different perceptions of their role, different tasks to accomplish, and different degrees of influence on events in Germany and British policy on Germany. The three men are given epithets, which either describe their perception of their role as British High Commissioner in Germany or the role itself, and which serve as themes for the three main parts of the thesis. Sir Brian Robertson was called a "Benevolent and Sympathetic Viceroy" by his biographer, which not only describes Robertson's own perception of his role in Germany, but also is the best indication of the vast powers of the Allied High Commissioners at the beginning. His successor, Sir Ivone Kirkpatrick, was charged with negotiating the end of the Allied High Commission and for this act of self-eradication is given the epithet "The Negotiator". If it had not been for the French delay of the ratification of the 1952 treaties, Sir Frederick Hoyer Millar would have been the first British Ambassador to Germany. Instead he held the title fo British High Commissioner for his first two years in Germany, although for all intents and purposes he was an "Ambassador in Waiting".
16
Walker, William. "The Anglican assertion in Lancashire : the role of the Commissioners' Churches in three Lancashire townships, 1818-1856." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/25452/.
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The years between 1818 and 1856 encompass the life of the Church Building Commission, one agency of a determined assertion by the Anglican Church. Under the Commissioners' aegis 82 of the 612 new places of worship were planted in Lancashire. The intention is to analyse the rationale and impact of a remarkable church building project and its role in the Anglican initiative in the county. The thesis is the first detailed local study of the churches' distinctive role, beyond the assessment of their artistic worth. M.H. Port in Six Hundred New Churches (2006) produced the definitive work on the architecture and central administration of "Waterloo Churches". He had less to say on their social and religious importance. In order to explore the rationale, impact and role of the churches, I adopted a case study approach selecting three churches in south central Lancashire, one from each deanery of Manchester Diocese which was created out of Chester Diocese in 1847. These were St George's Chorley (consecrated in 1825), its namesake in Tyldesley (1825) and St Stephen's Tockholes (1833). The sample provided variety in socio-economic and religious contexts but also some similarity, in that all three were townships on a Lancashire denominational frontier. The thesis describes the immense diversity and complexity in causation and motivation behind these churches, but highlighting the presence at local level of a strong belief in reclaiming Protestant Dissenters for the national church. It concludes, in contrast with most previous judgements, that the Commissioners' churches in these townships achieved significant success, albeit in contrasting manner and pace and for different reasons. Their distinctively Gothic architecture was striking and more appropriate to worship than critics have allowed. The financial challenges were not as debilitating as routinely supposed. The changing parochial boundaries around Commissioners' churches were rational and encouraged community building rather than the destruction of identities. The intense commitment of clergy associated with the new churches helped to effect a type of Anglican counter-reformation in Lancashire.
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Steyn, J., KF Husselmann, and Vries ID De. "Managing the SAPS budget for fuel and oil in Kwazulu-Natal: a study of the perceptions of Station Commissioners." Acta Criminologica, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001189.
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ABSTRACT
Government departments in the Republic of South Africa do not have access to
unlimited funds and therefore have to manage allocated financial resources
effectively and efficiently. The South African Police Service (SAPS) KwaZulu-Natal
Province, fuel and oil budget has been overspent by 14 million rand, on average for
2007/2008 and 2008/2009 financial book years (SAPS Annual reports for 2007/2008
and 2008/2009). The overarching aim of the current study was to contribute to more
effective and efficient fuel and oil management in the SAPS KwaZulu-Natal Province
by answering the following research questions and make practical recommendations
based on the findings of the study: i)Are SAPS KwaZulu-Natal station commissioners
adequately knowledgeable of SAPS policies and procedures in relation to fuel and oil
management? ii)How do SAPS KwaZulu-Natal station commissioners perceive police
officials manage fuel and oil within the SAPS compared to their privately owned
vehicles? Two valid and reliable measuring instruments were developed and
administered to a representative sample (66/183) of all station commissioners in the
SAPS KwaZulu-Natal Province: a)A 20-item SAPS fuel and oil management
knowledge test; and b)A 19-item self-report perception questionnaire that measures
SAPS fuel and oil management perceptions of SAPS station commissioners. The study
amongst others found that SAPS KwaZulu-Natal station commissioners believe that
police officials do not find it important to treat state vehicles the same way as they
treat their private vehicles. The study also found that the SAPS station commissioners
that participated in the study, in general, did not have a 100% knowledge base
(memory) (as required by SAPS Top Management) of SAPS Special Force Order
(General) 3A of 1987 that relates to effective and efficient fuel and oil management,
West Bank procedures, and other SAPS policies that guide effective and efficient
management of fuel and oil in SAPS. The study amongst others recommended that all
SAPS KwaZulu-Natal station commissioners and their respective subordinates be
outcome-based oriented, assessed, and held accountable in terms of SAPS policies
and guidelines on the effective and efficient management of fuel and oil.
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Bendeman, Hanneli. "A reconstruction of CCMA commissioners' perceptions of dispute resolution in South Africa : a multi-perspective approach / by H. Bendeman." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/445.
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This study focuses on the problems in the dispute resolution system in South Africa.
The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of commissioners of the
Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) regarding the
capacity of parties to effectively deal with labour conflict and disputes within the
legal framework provided by the Labour Relations Act (LRA) (66195). This includes
an investigation into the reasons for the high referral rate of unfair dismissal cases
to the CCMA and the influence of the case-overload on the effective functioning of
the dispute resolution system.
The functionalist and conflict theoretical perspectives are used to study the
structural aspects of the dispute resolution system and to explore structural strain.
The interactionist perspective is used in the methodology of this study to reconstruct
the perceptions of a group of CCMA commissioners. This study is predominantly of
a qualitative nature and was conducted in an exploratory manner through in-depth
interviews and e-mail questionnaires. Dunlop's open systems approach allowed for
the conceptualisation of the major dispute resolution components of the labour
relations system. The analysis of the transformation of conflict formed the basis for
understanding the background, the problem statement, the aims and assumptions of
this study.
It was found that the guidelines in Schedule eight of the LRA (66195) have become
the norm for dealing with conflict within an enterprise, creating complex and
technical processes for dealing with disputes. However, most of the employers and
individual employees do not have the knowledge and skills to operate effectively in
the system. This has led to a new type of adversarialism in the individual
employment relationship, which is based on rights, rules and power. The very
technical nature of the internal conflict resolution mechanisms, the incapacity of the
parties and the adversarial nature of the labour relationship have resulted in the high
referral rate and consequent problems that the CCMA is experiencing.Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Cliff, David. "The lived experiences of Police and Crime Commissioners in the early years of their tenure in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/8556/.
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The 41 Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) elected in 2012 are a recent addition to developing, informing and holding to account the police and their processes. Their key roles: to develop police plans; to hold Chief Constables to account; and to connect with communities, are controversial and they exist at the interface of a wide range of governmental and community systems. This has elicited a range of approaches and strategies as they attempt to execute their role in a strategic territory that is complex, diverse, rapidly changing and subject to unprecedented real terms resource reduction. Any attempt to research the leadership and other developmental needs of this group has to be predicated by a greater appreciation of this complex environment. This doctoral thesis attempts to make sense of the early years incumbency of the PCCs, by focusing on the lived experience of a cross section of them, drawing insights into the challenges they face and their support and developmental needs. Thematic content analyses of semi-structured interview data reveal four key findings, which have serious implications for the leadership role of PCCs in the UK in a fast-changing, dynamic 21st Century policing and crime prevention environment. First, the data reveal that after a turbulent start born of rapid implementation, debates over democratic legitimacy and unprecedented media forces, PCCs would appear to access the public and influence local agendas far more than their predecessor governance structures. Second, PCCs organisationally separate, but nonetheless dyadic role with Chief Constables, appears mediated by their ultimate accountability to the electorate in the communities they serve. This appears to offer an opportunity for both greater police accountability suffused with support in ensuring that local policing occurs in a manner that balances the often competing needs of communities against an increasingly austere funding landscape. This austerity requires radical changes of practice and policies and new, often innovative and inclusive resource partnerships with the community. Third, early experiences of PCCs were in many cases avoidably turbulent and institutional, skills and other support needs of PCCs have yet to crystallise however insights still have been gained. Finally, PCCs are significant change agents within the organisational system they serve offering both a proto experience for proposed mayoral strategies being introduced by government and fuelling the debate about how mayoral structures will stand alongside PCCs. The debate about the inclusion of the public in law enforcement and their systemic inclusion as a collective actor within an organisational framework that encompasses large social fields, lends itself to increasing use of Distributed Leadership approaches by many PCCs. The major limitations of this study include: the challenges involved in accessing elite posts; the rapidly changing politico-economic environment, coupled with changes in the nature of the post itself (its political uncertainty and potentially short lifespan by dint of the variant policies of political parties); participants in the study, were predominantly male and all from Labour, or Tory orientation; and the fact that opportunities to interview Independent PCCs did not present themselves as hoped which may have added an additional dimension to perceptions on the nature of democracy in the role. Thus, four potential areas for further research were identified. Firstly, there is a need to explore further the nature of the dyadic relationship that exists between PCCs and the Chief Constables. Secondly, the opportunities existing for PCCs to become total commissioners of all police services and crime and 4 disorder related activity needs further investigation. Thirdly, since the perceptions of public engagement in the study were very much that of the PCCs; opportunities exist to explore the public's experience of the PCC role. This could not only scope in issues such as inclusion, involvement and perceived accountability of the police but also could include whether the role has been able to re-establish trust between the public and police. Finally, the issue of accountability in public office and whether this is achieved by four-year election cycles or other governance methods requires critical investigation.
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Linden, Berit. "Sorgen gestaltad : Om den svenska gravskulpturens konstnärer och beställare." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-368864.
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This study Shaped grief. On Swedish Tomb Sculpture’s Artists and Commissioners begins by contextualizing the field in question, the field of the tomb sculpture and the tomb sculptor, the burial sites and representations of death, the sculpture of that period, and especially the iconography of the sepulcher art, and the situation of the female sculptors. In the analysis chapter the bourgeois Gothenburg and Stockholm, and their relation to the arts, are contextualized. The analysis of the material is made by using the history of sepulchral art, gender theory and semiotics elaborated in art science, supplemented with critical discourse analysis, Bourdieu’s field theories, Veblen's consumption theory, intersectional and mentality-historical theories. The study addresses four questions. The first is about who the commissioners of tomb sculpture of the four chosen sculptors - Sigrid Blomberg, Charles Friberg, Carl Fagerberg and Alice Nordin - were. It is generally a wealthy, bourgeois ordering group and the commission is often made in the later part of life. With regard to a division in western and eastern Sweden, it is not surprising that the largest tomb monuments and their commissioners are located in bourgeois and liberal Gothenburg, a city with an international perspective. The court and nobility culture that existed in Stockholm and Mälardalen rested on the ancestors and their tomb monuments, including chapels. The second question is whether any of the involved clients are more prominent in the commission situation. In the few examples the study includes, wives, sometimes in widowhood, are prominent commissioners. The third question concerns whether the incentives for the commission of a tomb monument are documented. One family wishes to contribute to the "fine arts" finding a place at the Swedish cemeteries and to create an environment equal to cemeteries in southern Europe. Another family wants the tomb sculpture to be an adornment to the cemetery. The fourth question is about whether tomb sculptures are dealt within contemporary newspapers and journals, to indirectly reflect the position of the tomb sculpture in the artistic field. This sepulcher sculpture is noted in the contemporary press. But it should be seen against the background that public sculpture generally did not occur in the early 20th century and that a lively debate about cemeteries and tomb art is on the period’s agenda. It is usually in short terms that the tomb monuments are mentioned in the daily press. Especially the study's two male artists are described as not being followers of contemporary avant-garde art. All in all, the impression is that the tomb sculpture, despite the attention of the press, has a lower status. What concerns the gender perspective of the study, there are only two male commissioners who say they have an intention beyond the primary - to adorn the family tomb. In some cases, the possibility appears that when husbands pass away, widows take an active order position. With regard to preserved documentation about the commission process, there are more available information around the two female sculptors. Did the two male sculptors not correspond with their commissioners? Or have they for some reason not wanted to hand it down to posterity?
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Moran, Marcio Roberto. "Determinants of merger review decisions: an assessment of the Brazilian antitrust authority\'s capabilities and the influential role of antitrust commissioners." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-19112015-155450/.
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Merger reviews are institutionalized and customized analyses of mergers and acquisitions by antitrust authorities which result in approvals or disapprovals of the strategic intents of firms. In view of the wide variety of agents whose lives may be changed by a merger review, the fact that different stakeholders might induce a government intervention on a particular deal, and the central role of antitrust commissioners in this context, the general aim of this thesis is to examine the determinants of merger review decisions, but particularly those related to commissioners\' personal attributes, values and interests. Additionally, some structural and procedural issues contained in the antitrust regulatory sphere as well as control variables related to other perspectives of analysis are included as part of this empirical analysis. To achieve the mentioned general objective and other specific goals, a unique dataset was built that covers a fourteen-year period of competition regulation in Brazil. The sample of this study comprises 30,543 votes by 36 different panel members on 5,091 transactions examined through ordered probit models. This thesis, mainly, reveals that \'political ideology\', \'prior work experience in the public service\' and \'human capital\' of antitrust commissioners, in addition to the size of commissions\' voting panels, affect consistently merger review verdicts. In short, under the PSDB presidential administration, for example, transactions were less challenged in Brazil. Regarding the \'public service experience\', commissioners who have predominant prior job or professional association in Education, Health and Social areas, inversely to \'political ideology\', increase the likelihood of high levels of intervention in private deals. Additionally, commissioners\' accumulated skills and knowledge - the \'human capital\' - also affect positively law enforcement on merger reviews. The implications of this particular contribution to public administration follow the same path of \'public service experience\': if societies do not pressure politicians to improve public service, considering not only a remarkable knowledge in Law or Economics to appoint a commissioner, but having a broader view of individuals\' motivations and claims, interferences between \'concepts, principles and norms\' stated in laws, and law enforcement will continuously occur. The last consistent result shows that the likelihood of the Brazilian authority to impose significant changes to firms decreases the greater the voting panel. Thus, this thesis suggests to antitrust policymakers that wide ranges of minimum and maximum quorum in voting panels must be avoided. To the best knowledge of this thesis author, there is not any past research that found such results. It means a unique contribution to the antitrust and management literatures.Atos de concentração são processos de análise institucionalizados e customizados de fusões e aquisições, realizados por autoridades antitrustes, que resultam na aprovação ou bloqueio dos intentos estratégicos das firmas. Em vista da grande variadade de agentes cujas vidas podem ser afetadas pelos atos de concentração, do fato de que diferentes agentes podem induzir uma intervenção do governo em uma transação específica e o papel central dos conselheiros antitruste neste contexto, o objetivo geral desta tese é examinar os determinantes das decisões de uma autoridade antitruste sobre atos de concentração, mas particularmente os determinantes relacionados aos atributos pessoais, valores e interesses dos conselheiros. Adicionalmente, alguns fatores contidos na esfera regulatória antitruste são considerados nesta análise empírica. Para que o objetivo geral mencionado e outros específicos sejam alcançados, um banco de dados único foi construído e cobre um período de catorze anos de regulacão no Brasil. A amostra deste estudo, então, contém 30,543 votos de 36 diferentes membros do CADE sobre 5,091 transações. Modelos probit ordenados são usados para a análise dos dados. Esta tese, principalmente, revela que \'ideologia política\', \'experiencia prévia de trabalho no setor público\' e \'capital humano\' dos conselheiros antitruste, somando-se ao tamanho do plenário votante, afetam consistentemente os veriditos de atos de concentração. Em resumo, sob a administração federal do PSDB, por exemplo, as transações foram menos alteradas no Brasil. Quanto à experiencia no serviço público, os conselheiros que tiveram atuação profissional predominante nas áreas de Educação, Saúde e Assistencia Social, inversamente à \'ideologia polítical, aumentam a probabilidade de altos níveis de intervenção estatal em acordos privados. Adicionalmente, habilidades e conhecimento acumulados dos conselheiros, o chamado \'capital humano\', também afetam positivamente o nível de emprego da lei em atos de concentração. As implicações destes achados para a administração pública seguem um mesmo caminho: se a sociedade não pressionar os politicos a aperfeiçoarem o serviço público, considerando-se não somente o notável saber jurídico ou econômico para a nomeação de um conselheiro, mas tendo uma visão mais ampla das motivações e pretensões dos indivíduos, interferências continuarão a existir entre \'conceitos, principios e normas\' anunciados pela lei e a lei aplicada. Por fim, como último resultado consistente, a probabilidade de que a autoridade antitruste Brasileira imponha mudanças significativas às firmas decresce à medida que os conselheiros habilitados para votar são mais numerosos. Portanto, esta tese sugere aos formuladores de políticas que sejam evitados intervalos largos entre o mínimo e o máximo de votantes.
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Lindstrom, James Hilmer. "The Relationship Among Washington State County Commissioners Knowledge and Perceptions of Washington State University Extension and Their Willingness to Fund WSU Extension." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-155040/.
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The study determined the relationship between perceptions that the Washington State county commissioners' hold of WSU Extension and their knowledge of WSU Extension. In addition, the study determined whether their perceptions, knowledge, and/or understanding of Extension are related to and thereby may have predictability to their willingness to provide the essential local funding to continue the educational programs Extension delivers. The study addressed the interest Washington State county commissioners/county council members have in funding WSU Extension, which directly affects the critical element of maximizing Extension's impact on society. As a publicly funded educational organization, WSU Extension faces an uncertain fiscal future as funding partners face financial stress. Without funding from the key partners, such as county government, WSU Extension would not be able to continue to provide educational programming and nor would society benefit from the verifiable impacts that Extension has imparted for the past 100 years. An electronic census was administered through a variety of methods to insure sufficient response. There were 43 responses representing each of the 39 counties in Washington State. County commissioners have knowledge of Extension and the educational programs delivered to constituents. Respondents attend Extension programs, read Extension produced newsletters, join Extension educational organizations such as 4-H and access the web resources that Extension produces. Commissioners report that they are willing to continue to fund Extension in both times of financial adequacy and insufficiency. Based on the data, county commissioners in Washington State believe that WSU Extension is effective; the programs that Extension delivers are of good quality and beneficial to their constituents. Extension services are considered to be a good value for the level of county expenditure.
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Lindstrom, James Hilmer. "The relationship among Washington State county commissioners' knowledge and perceptions of Washington State University Extension and their willingness to fund WSU Extension." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-155040/.
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Alderson, Hayley. "Exploring commissioners, service providers and treatment service users' views about involvement in public health commissioning : a case study of local alcohol services." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3178.
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This research investigates stakeholders’ knowledge of, and experience in, public health commissioning of alcohol services in North East England. Public health commissioning has undergone significant transformation during the course of this research. However, health policies and legislation have consistently supported the concept of stakeholder involvement in all stages of the commissioning process. Alcohol is an issue that spans health and wider public health services. On a global level alcohol is the fifth leading cause of morbidity and premature death and is causally linked to over 60 diseases. The growing recognition of both the harmful effects of excessive alcohol consumption, and the rising associated costs have made it a major public health priority in recent years, both internationally and within the UK. The North East has one of the highest prevalence rates for excessive drinking and alcohol related health inequalities. A qualitative case study approach was adopted, focussing on the commissioning of alcohol services in a specific local area. Semi structured interviews and focus groups were used to obtain the perspectives of commissioners, alcohol service providers, general practitioners and alcohol service users. Collectively, all study participants were stakeholders in the commissioning process. However, understanding about what constituted stakeholder involvement was not consistent among participants and often definitions were limited to public and patient consultation. Stakeholder participation was often viewed as an end point rather than a process, the implication being that ‘any involvement was good involvement’. Furthermore, participatory approaches did little to ensure that stakeholder involvement actually influenced planning and decision making. Arnstein’s Ladder of participation was used to examine the extent of stakeholder involvement and a revised ladder is proposed. For many stakeholders, contribution to commissioning decisions seemed to occur at a tokenistic level, resulting in minimal motivation for at least some stakeholders to become involved in the commissioning process.
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Kristiansson, Åström Angelica. "Acting in the Interest of the Represented : A Field Experiment on Ethnic Discrimination in the Contact Between Citizens and Local Swedish Politicians." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-375523.
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This thesis presents a field experiment on the topic of ethnic discrimination in the contact between citizens and local Swedish politicians. A correspondence technique was used to investigate whether ethnicity affects how responsive Municipal Commissioners are to questions regarding school politics. By sending an email to each Municipal Commissioner, randomising whether a putative Arabic or Swedish alias was used, it aimed to find potentialpatterns in how different groups of citizens are treated by their local political representatives. In total, eight fictitious individuals were created which each contained a unique mixture of ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic status. In general, the result shows no statistically significant signs of discrimination of individuals with Arabic-sounding names. Evidence of gender disparities among Arabic individuals was neither found. However, Arabic females are significantly less likely to receive a reply than Swedish females. Furthermore, the result indicates that socioeconomic status affects political responsiveness toward individuals with Arabic background. This should be considered problematic and noteworthy in the case of Sweden, given its reputation of being a highly egalitarian and well-functioning democracy. The findings further stress the importance to acknowledge that different categories of social identities may interact with ethnic discrimination. This consequently calls upon appropriate approaches to study it.
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Cooper, S. J. "Holding the police to account : a critical analysis of the structures of police accountability and the introduction and operation of Police and Crime Commissioners." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21269/.
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This thesis critically examines structures of police accountability, in particular the introduction and operation of Police and Crime Commissioners [PCCs]. The first chapter begins by identifying accountability as the very bedrock of policing. Accountability is then defined before examining its key facets, why a suitable structure is imperative and how accountability carries the burden of securing police legitimacy. The second and third chapters highlight how the system of police developed while identifying critical ‘turning points’ in police accountability. The fourth chapter explores the present structure and model of police accountability. This chapter also examines reports which highlight potential teething problems and imperfections. The fifth chapter outlines the methodology for the qualitative study involving elite research interviews with senior stakeholders in policing at a regional and national level, including relevant persons in Government. The sixth chapter analyses this data and argues that whilst PCCs may lead to efficiency gains, there are important questions about the quality of accountability. Additionally, the accountability of Chief Constables is contended to vary considerably and in practice likely frustrated by the ‘one to one’ accountability relationship between Chief Constable and PCC. Police accountability is also identified as possibly over dependent on this relationship. Moreover, PCCs are argued to lack accountability between elections. The seventh chapter contends that using elections to achieve democratic police accountability is fraught with difficulties and potentially carries significant risks for policing. Additionally, the PCCs power to remove Chief Constables is argued to cause two possibly corrosive impacts on policing and police accountability. This power is also identified as a mechanism of disempowerment which may in practice lead to Chief Constables being displaced by PCCs. Concluding, the present structure and model of police accountability is argued to be risky, maybe defective and possibly unsuitable for police accountability and policing in the longer term.
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Norton, Susan Parkinson. "The new reality : participation of elected government officials of the state of Kansas in emergency management training post September 11, 2001." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/307.
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Smith, Bruce H., and n/a. "Without motion there cannot be any life : the rise & fall of the 1889 Railway Commissioners : railway management & colonial politics in nineteenth century New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of History, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070619.154352.
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In the nineteenth century, the steam railway became, for many people, the superior conduit for the inland translocation of people and freight. Once devised, steam railways offered such a huge improvement on previous modes and made such a dramatic change to the unity, organisation and commerce of most countries that almost everyone wanted one. New Zealand proved no different, but was faced with not only the twin problems of low population and often rugged geography, but also serious economic problems from difficult world trading conditions and a debt greatly increased by railway construction costs. In the later 1880s, a conservative government decided to vest the Government Railways in independent Commissioners to try to improve productivity and cut out political influence, corruption and jobbery in the huge commercial presence the colony�s railways represented. While this move was successful, a change to one-man-one-vote, together with the pivotal 1890 Maritime Strike, saw the country move left in the elections of 1890, bringing to power a Liberal Government. This new Ministry then set out to reduce the autonomy of the Railway Commissioners, taking four years to return the management of Railways to the direct control of the Government.
While interesting in itself, this is part of the story of the process of the democratic development of New Zealand. This was a community struggling with the often conflicting demands of using railways to not only service the railway debt but also fulfil public transit requirements, including encouraging settlement and economic growth. The organisation�s monopolistic nature and great economic presence, however, offered multiple, including corrupt, opportunities to support the political aspirations of those in power, while offering a less than wonderful service to its customers. Taking place against a backdrop of agitation for railway reform, particularly orchestrated by railway activist Samuel Vaile, the outcome can be seen to have been less than completely desirable for the economic development of the country or its people. This was despite huge support for the principal activist against the Railway Commissioners, Liberal Premier Richard Seddon.
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Derfoufi, Zin. "The impact of elected Police and Crime Commissioners in England and Wales on police-black and ethic minority community relations, with specific reference to stop and search." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/94291/.
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Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) are hailed as one of the greatest constitutional reforms of the police in modern times and were elected in 2012 in a blaze of controversy. Whilst some claim these powerful actors can ensure policing is more responsive to local priorities, others claim that PCCs will undermine democratic police accountability by encouraging populism and inequalities, and become too close to their chief constables to ensure that they are more robustly held to account. This thesis investigates whether PCCs have improved local police accountability through a mixed-methods study of how police-initiated stops are governed in three PCC areas, using interviews, observations, and statistical and documentary analysis. As such, it is one of the first empirical studies to explore this new model of police governance, certainly in relation to the operation of police powers. Research suggests that police-initiated stops are a flash-point in relations with ethnic minority communities, are disproportionately used against them, and has reduced perceptions of police legitimacy. Despite this, their use has grown exponentially and, as this thesis argues, is exemplary of a democratic deficit in local police accountability whereby police officers have become more responsive to national government in exercising their powers rather than local priorities. Unexpectedly, stop and search became heavily politicised during the fieldwork, resulting in improved governance and dramatic reductions in their use. The findings suggest that this was due to national developments, thus indicating that although police powers are amenable to external influence, their governance remains highly centralised. However, chief officers remain powerful in determining whether any reforms are implemented locally. Despite potential controversies, PCCs have been able to influence various operational practices but appear too hesitant to risk this for 'minority issues' like police-initiated stops, thus undermining their own capacity to enhance local democratic police accountability.
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Chambers, Sophie Julia. "The impact of police and crime commissioners on community safety agendas in England and Wales : a comparative study of South Wales and Avon and Somerset, 2012-2016." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/103230/.
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In 2012, Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) were elected in 41 police forces across England and Wales. This reform significantly changed the structure for police governance for the first time since the formalisation of the tripartite system in the Police Act 1964. Elected by the local public, with powers to set the police budget, hold the Chief Constable to account, create local policing strategies through public consultation, and allocate funding for community safety activities, PCCs were criticised as likely to have omnipotent power and potentially politicising the police. This theoretically driven thesis uses urban political analysis to identify the impact of these new actors on local community safety policy, specifically how the agenda is set in negotiation with other relevant actors, and the type of agenda that this negotiation produces. The multiple-embedded comparative case study design enables insight into the significance of the English and Welsh Context for PCCs, through the examination of two case study sites: Bristol, in Avon and Somerset, and Cardiff, in South Wales. Through the use of interviews, document analysis, observations and social media analysis, the impact of PCCs on local community safety agendas is evidenced to be limited due to their necessary operation within a policy network, in which other actors have community safety agenda-setting responsibilities, and resources to pursue these. The creation of PCCs’ agenda is reliant on local contingencies within the policy network, including PCCs’ claims to expertise and how they view their role, how other agencies engage with the new actor, and the local context of the case study site. This dependence on established agencies within the policy network, results in convergence of PCCs’ agendas, focused on risk management and situational crime prevention, favoured by local authorities in the era of austerity.
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Ravinder, Singh. "Legalization of Privacy and Personal Data Governance: Feasibility Assessment for a New Global Framework Development." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35333.
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The International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners has been actively engaged in the development of a new, legally binding international framework for privacy and data protection. Given the existence of three international privacy and data protection regimes (i.e. the OECD Privacy Guidelines, the EU data protection framework and the APEC Privacy Framework) and the availability of other bilateral venues to resolve transnational data flows issues (e.g. the EU-US Safe Harbor agreement, the Umbrella Agreement and the latest, the Privacy Shield arrangement), the thesis asks whether the development of such a new regime is feasible.
The main finding of the thesis is that in an era of a globalized society driven by the internet and information-communications technology, where all three of the leading international privacy and data protection regimes are consistently updating and modifying their respective frameworks, and where there is persistent divergence between the European Union and the United States approaches towards transborder data flow, the emergence of a new, legally binding international framework is unlikely, at least under the prevailing circumstances.
Therefore, the thesis calls for a shift towards an institutionalized arrangement that is founded on existing international co-operation and convergence and that further expands ongoing inter-regime collaboration. The approach recommended in the thesis is an effective alternative to the development of a new, legally binding international framework, and even offers strong prospects for the evolution of a legalized arrangement for international privacy and personal data governance in due course.
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Ouattara, Gnimbin Albert. "Africans, Cherokees, and the ABCFM Missionaries in the Nineteenth Century: An Unusual Story of Redemption." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07302007-160102/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Charles G. Steffen, committee chair; Mohammed Hassen Ali, Wayne J. Urban, committee members. Electronic text (322 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from file title page. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 284-318).
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Cheung, Mei-ngor Elly. ""Bona Fide Auxiliaries" : the literary and educational enterprises of Elijah Coleman Bridgman in the Canton mission (1830-1854)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/150.
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Godfroy-Gallardo, Christine. "Les marchands de tableaux, experts des premiers musées nationaux en France et en Angletterre. Des appréciateurs aux compétences de conservateurs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010545.
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L’institution d’experts officiels chargés de certifier l’authenticité de tableaux avant leur acquisition accompagne l'ouverture du Louvre. Ces commissaires assument également la gestion et le contrôle des restaurations jusqu'au milieu du XIXème siècle, même si la plupart poursuivent ; parallèlement, avec succès. leur activité de marchand, à Paris ou à Londres. Ces appréciateurs participent enfin à l'inventaire du musée sous l'Empire, puis de nouveau après les reprises alliées. malgré les critiques qui ne manquent pas de s'élever contre les estimations fantaisistes ou les attributions hasardeuses Au cours de la décennie 1840-1850, le règne des commissaires-experts s'achève au profit des conservateurs qui les supplantent au sein de l'établissement. Désormais le champ de l'expertise au musée s'avère du ressort exclusif des conservateurs. En Angleterre. deux marchands de tableaux participent, chacun à leur façon, à la mise en place du premier musée d'art national, avant que cette profession décriée ne soit définitivement exclue de la direction des musées publicsThe institution of officiai experts asked to guarantee the authenticity of pictures before their acquisition follows the opening of the Louvre. These commissioners are also in charge of the management and the control of the restorations until the middle of the 19th century. even if most pursue at the same time, successfully, their trader's activity. in Paris or in London. These appreciators participate finally in the inventory of the museum under the Empire. then again after the allied restitutions, in spire of the criticisms which do not miss ta rise against the fanciful estimations or the risky attributions. During decade 1840-1850, the administration of the commissioners-experts ends for the benefit of the curators who supplant them within the establishment. Henceforth the field of the expertise to the museum falls in the exclusive hands of the curators. ln England, two art dealers participate, each in their way. in the implementation of the first museum of national art, before this slandered profession is definitively excluded from the management of the public museums
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Harada, Shoji. "La contribution des commissaires du gouvernement près le Conseil d'État à la construction de la théorie du service public (1873-1956)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF012/document.
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Les conclusion des commissaires du gouvernement près le Conseil d’État sont un discours d'un type particulier. Appelés à proposer, en toute indépendance et impartialité, une solution à chaque litige, les commissaires du gouvernement contribuent, sans y participer, à l’exercice par le juge administratif de la fonction de dire le droit. L’étude de la construction de la théorie jurisprudentielle du service public durant la période 1873-1956, sous l’angle du discours des commissaires du gouvernement, permet de comprendre à la fois la catégorie juridique de service public et l’institution du commissaire du gouvernement. Spécifique par son statut, ses fonctions et sa méthode, le discours des commissaires du gouvernement éclaire sous un jour nouveau l’histoire de l’élaboration de la catégorie de service public qui, par sa densité conceptuelle et sa fonction fédératrice dans le droit administratif, accède au rang de théorie jurisprudentielle. La richesse de cette histoire fournit d’innombrables matériaux afin de comprendre la particularité du discours des commissaires du gouvernement, lesquels proposent des adaptations constantes de l’état du droit, tout en cherchant à préserver l’œuvre prétorienne du Conseil d’État. Leur attachement profond à la théorie jurisprudentielle du service public montre que celle-ci devient, au fil du temps, un élément inséparable de l’histoire de l’institutionThe conclusions of the Government Commissioners at the Conseil d’État are a particular type of speech. Appointend to propose, with complete independence and impartiality, a solution to each case, the Government commissioners contribute to the exercise by the formation of judgement of the judcial function, without participating. The study of the development of the jurisprudential theory of public service during the period 1873-1956 from the point of view of the speeche of the Government commissioners makes it possible to understand both the category of public service and the institution of the Government commissioner. Specific by its status, its functions and its method, the speech of the Government Commissioners sheds new light on the story analyzed of the elaboration of the category of public service which, by its conceptual density and unifying function in the Administrative law, attains the rank of jurisprudentialtheory. The richness of this story provides countless materials to understand the particularity of the speech of government commissioners, who propose constant adaptations of the positive law, while seeking to preserve the jurisprudential work of the Conseil d’État. Their deep attachment to the jurisprudential theory of public service shows that it becomes, over time, an inseparable element of the history of the institution
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Astier, Françoise. "Les commissions du Parlement européen." Aix-Marseille 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX32000.
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Coduti, C. Leonard. "Giuseppe Verdi| The Paris Opera commissions." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523336.
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This thesis examines the relationship between Giuseppe Verdi and the Paris Opera and the stage works that Verdi composed or reworked as a result of this business venture. Between 1847 and 1867, Verdi accepted four formal commissions for Paris: Jerusalem (1847), Les vêpres siciliennes (1855), Le trouvère (1857) and Don Carlos (1867). After a brief introduction discussing Verdi's career before Paris, each commission is discussed in detail from the genesis of the work through its premiere, and the eventual outcome of each opera. This study also evaluates the benefit of this collaboration to Verdi's international career given the requirements and time expended to produce each commission. It explores Verdi's adaptation to cultural differences, his handling of foreign business affairs, and his personal feelings toward French society. Much of the source material is drawn from Verdi's own writings and correspondence, as well as the writings of several Verdi scholars.
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Cramer, Linsay M. "An Intersectional and Dialectical Analysis and Critique of NBA Commissioner Adam Silver and NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell's Ambivalent Discourses in the New Racism." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1490098866249442.
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Kalbhenn, Anna. "Market response to European Commission's merger decisions." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-22004.
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Ziyambi, Gabriel. "Commissioned women soldiers and politics in Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8146.
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Masters of ArtThe Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) and the ruling party, the Zimbabwe African Union Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), are strongly interlinked in politics since independence, that is, the Army largely functions as the military wing of the party (ZANU-PF) and the state. The ZNA is also deeply involved in civilian politics. This study examines the experiences of commissioned women soldiers, as well as their understandings of power and politics in the ZNA. While many male soldiers are in positions of power and authority in the military, party, state, and civilian politics, commissioned women soldiers are marginalised in all of these areas. The role and position of women soldiers in this regard nevertheless remain under-researched. In this thesis I interrogate the complex processes and relations of power which discipline women soldiers and exclude them from processes of power and politics in the ZNA. I argue that there are various practice and discourses which affect women soldiers’ roles in the military. To do so, I draw on Foucault’s (1977) work on power/ knowledge, particularly the concepts of practices, relations, power and panopticism to examine how woman soldiers’ aspirations regarding power and politics are monitored and restricted in the military. I also draw on Enloe’s (2000) work on power politics and Sasson-Levy’s (2003) work on military gendered practices as interpretive and critical paradigmatic approaches to analyse how women experience hegemonic military masculinities in- and outside the army. The study employed ethnographic methods such as life histories, in-depth interviews and informal conversations with ten commissioned women soldiers in the ZNA. These methods were triangulated to corroborate responses from research participants and the data was thematically analysed
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Fernández, Torné Carlos. "How truth commissions promote accountability: an evaluation of impact of the commissions established in Nepal and Sri Lanka." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405318.
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La mayoría de estudios valoran los impactos de las comisiones de la verdad (CV) en resultados preconcebidos, como democracia o derechos humanos, sin considerar como el proceso de una CV afecta aquel resultado. Esta investigación trata de evaluar el impacto de las CV en tanto que procesos y como estos procesos influencian los resultados. Un enfoque en el proceso comporta considerar la participación pública en las CV y las relaciones e interacciones que una CV genera entre los diferentes grupos de afectados dentro de una sociedad. La rendición de cuentas proporciona un marco para evaluar si las relaciones que una CV genera empoderan a la gente frente al estado, y nos permite, al mismo tiempo, vincular proceso y resultado.
La teoría de cambio que presento sugiere que las CV, en tanto que procesos, generan relaciones de rendición de cuentas vertical entre el estado y la sociedad civil y relaciones de rendición de cuentas horizontal dentro del estado. Estas relaciones de rendición de cuentas tienen lugar con prioridad al establecimiento de una CV, durante su trabajo y como consecuencia de las recomendaciones recopiladas en su informe final. De cara a probar la existencia de relaciones de rendición de cuenta, concibo un marco que consiste en catorce criterios evaluadores. Acto seguido, evalúo el impacto de las CV establecidas en Nepal y Sri Lanka en los años noventa. Los resultados muestran que mientras estas comisiones produjeron compromiso de responder (answerability), las recomendaciones recopiladas en el informe final no fueron implementadas en la mayoría de casos. Esta falta de implementación indica un empoderamiento limitado de la gente frente al estado.
El análisis pormenorizado de las CV en Nepal y Sri Lanka, a la luz del marco de rendición de cuentas presentado, ayuda a identificar los desafíos a los que regímenes de gobierno se enfrentan a la hora de implementar las recomendaciones de CV. El marco presentado también ayuda a reconocer que la falta de movilización de la sociedad civil para implementar estas recomendaciones puede estar vinculada a relaciones estrechas con partidos políticos, previamente al establecimiento de las CV. El marco de rendición de cuentas presentado nos permite vincular proceso y resultados. En cuanto al proceso, las relaciones de rendición de cuentas que generan las CV son relaciones causales que generan impacto. En cuanto a los resultados, es la anterior definición y operacionalización del concepto de rendición de cuentas lo que nos permite entender si una CV ha contribuido a promover rendición de cuentas como resultado final.Most studies assess impacts of truth commissions (TCs) in pre-conceived outcomes, such as democracy or human rights, without considering how a TC process affects that outcome. This research attempts to evaluate the impact of TCs as processes and how these processes influence the ultimate outcomes. A focus on process entails considering public participation in TCs and the relationships and interactions that a TC generates among the various affected groups within society. Accountability provides a framework to evaluate whether the relationships a TC generates empower people in front of the state, allowing us to link process and outcome. The theory of change presented suggests that TCs as processes generate vertical accountability relationships between the state and civil society and horizontal accountability relationships within the state. These accountability relationships take place prior to the establishment of a TC, during their work and as a result of the recommendations compiled in the final report. To prove the existence of accountability relationships, I devise a framework consisting of fourteen evaluative criteria. Next I evaluate the impact of the commissions established in Nepal and Sri Lanka in the 1990’s. The results show that while these commissions produced much answerability the recommendations compiled in the final report, in most cases, were not implemented. Lack of implementation shows limited empowerment of people in front of the state. Unpacking these commissions in light of the accountability framework helps identify the challenges governing regimes face at the time of implementation. The framework also helps recognize lack of civil society mobilization could be linked to close relations with political parties prior to the establishment of a commission. The accountability framework presented allows us to link process and outcome. Process wise, the accountability relationships TCs generate are causal relations that generate impact. Outcome wise, it is the previous definition and operationalization of accountability what allows us to understand whether a TC has contributed overall to promote accountability as the ultimate outcome.
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Griffiths, Casey Paul. "Joseph F.Merrill: Latter-day Saint Commissioner of Education, 1928-1933." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1060.
Full textAbstract:
Joseph F. Merrill served as Church Commissioner of Education from 1928 to 1933, an era critical in the development of Latter-day Saint Education. During his tenure as commissioner several key developments occurred in Church education, among them the closing of most of the remaining Church academies, transfer of nearly all of Church junior colleges to State control, rapid expansion of the Church seminary system, and establishment of the first LDS Institutes of Religion. Merrill also initiated new efforts to encourage LDS educators to seek graduate-level education outside of Utah, and to bring religious scholarship to the teachers of the Church. In addition, during this time attempts were made by forces outside the Church to seriously curtail the continuation of the seminary program, if not to eliminate it entirely. Merrill's efforts were crucial in ensuring the survival and ultimate acceptance of this form of religious education. This study is intended to answer the following research questions: 1. What were the contributions of Joseph F. Merrill as Church Commissioner of Education? 2. How can the lessons from Merrill's administration be applied to the challenges facing Church education today? The first chapter of this thesis is intended to provide the necessary historical back to understand the events which took place during the Merrill tenure. Particular attention is paid to the work of Merrill's predecessor, Adam S. Bennion. Chapter two provides the historical background to understand Merrill's background before he was called as commissioner. The “Beginning of Institute" chapter explores the creation of the Latter-day Saint Institutes of religion. Next, the “Continuing the Transformation of Church Education" explores the decision to close or attempt to transfer to state control the junior colleges owned by the Church during this time. With the transfer of most of the Church colleges underway by the early 1930s, Church education found itself dependent on the work of seminaries and institutes. “The Released Time Seminary Crisis of 1930-31" chapter details the effects made by the report of the state high school inspector, I. L. Williamson, on seminary and Merrill's work to defend the legality of the seminary system. Next, “Joseph F. Merrill and Religious Educators" will document Merrill's dealings with the teachers who served under him as commissioner. Attention is devoted here to the effects of the Depression on Church education, as well as an account of the LDS educational venture with the University of Chicago Divinity school in the 1930s. Finally, the “Conclusions" chapter explains Merrill's departure from the office to serve as president of the European Mission. This chapter will also offer summary answers to the major research questions, and suggestions for future study The overall intent of this study is to shed light on the contributions of Joseph F. Merrill to Latter-day Saint education. It is not intended as a full biographical work, but simply focuses on his service as commissioner, with occasional ventures into other periods as necessary. It is hoped the reader will emerge with a greater understanding of this important era in Church history, as well as an improved vision of the divine hand guiding the fate of the Church.
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Paoli-Gagin, Vanina. "Les commissions des valeurs mobilieres : etude comparative." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05D007.
Full textAbstract:
Le developpement de l'epargne en valeurs mobilieres, tant a l'echelon national qu'international, a conduit les etats a faire evoluer leurs systemes financiers de l'autoregulation a la reglementation, et a creer des commissions des valeurs mobilieres. L'etude de leur genese et des textes les instituant permet d'en degager une typologie utile a la precision de leur nature juridique; savant dosage entre rattachement a l'administration et independance tant organique que fonctionnelle, rendue possible par des moyens financiers, materiels et juridiques (cooperation). Pour accomplir leurs missions, complementaires de celles des autres autorites (bancaires et professionnelles) intervenant dans le domaine boursier -ou, en pratique, certains chevauchements de competences peuvent se produire-, la plupart jouissent d'abord d'un pouvoir reglementaire individuel (agrement des acteurs et des activites). Son analyse revelera une dichotomie entre la structure pyramidale anglo-saxonne, inspiratrice de la directive europeenne sur les services d'investissement (d. S. I), qui se base sur les activites exercees, et l'organisation multipolaire francaise qui s'attache au statut des acteurs. Il se double d'un pouvoir reglementaire general qui va de l'ediction de reglements au sens strict a la faculte de donner avis et interpretations, voire a l'exercice d'un veritable pouvoir d'initiative legislative pour certaines, dont quelques unes s'engagent d'ailleurs sur la voie d'une derive imperialiste condamnable. Afin de veiller au respect des autorisations delivrees et des regles edictees, les commissions assurent souvent un controle de l'information emanant des societes faisant appel public l'epargneUrged by the securities' industry boom, the states have made their financial systems evolve from a self-regulated to a regulatory mode and have created securities and exchange commissions. The analysis of their genesis and of the legal texts instituting them will provide us with a typology helpful to enlighten their legal nature, fruit of the alchemy between a uniting with the administrative sphere and a certain organic and functional independance thanks to financial, material and legal (i. E : cooperation) means. In order to achieve their missions, which are complementary to thoses of the other authorities (banking and professional authorities) intervening in the securities' field -where certain problems of jurisdiction between them can emerge-, most of them have an individual regulatory power (authorisation of professionals and activities). Its study will bring to light a dichotomy between the u. S-british pyramidal model based on the type of activities, accepted by the european directive on investment services, and the french structure focused on the status of the person providing the service. Moreover, they have a general regulatory power covering a large spectrum, from issuing regulations and making recommandations to using a real legislative initiative power, and some of them have shown a blameworthy imperialism in its operation. In controlling the respect of authorisations and regulations, they have the rights to examine the public companies and intermediaries' information and the most powerful of them supervise the actors themselves. As a logic consequence of this prerogative, they generally are empowered with an investigation ability to
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MacVay, Iain. "Commissions of inquiry and participation in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26555.
Full textAbstract:
Commissions of Inquiry have been used as public policy instruments for hundreds of years by governments in Britain and since before confederation by governments in Canada. Over the years, the principle function of commissions has varied from minor investigations of specific instances of wrongdoing, to wide ranging investigations of major public policy issues. In Canada, a shift occurred from the former function to the latter during the 1930s and 1940s. Since the 1930s, Canadian commissions have also begun to actively encourage participation by members of the public in commission hearings.
This paper examines participation before commissions of both the traditional type and the modern type, with an emphasis on commissions which held hearings in the 1930s and those which held hearings in the 1970s. Sample commissions were chosen from both periods, and from both federal and provincial jurisdictions. Analysis of the participation data collected reveals that commissions have experienced a shift in the types of participants appearing before them from well-funded, highly organized interest groups and corporations in the hearings of traditional commmissions to voluntary groups and individuals in the hearings of modern commissions.
Some consideration is given in the paper to the different mechanisms adopted by modern commissions to encourage and facilitate participation by people and groups with few resources. In particular, it is concluded from an analysis of the participation data that the number of locations at which commissions hold hearings has a substantial impact on participation by people and groups with few resources.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Khoury-Bisharat, Hala. "Procedural safeguards in human rights fact-finding commissions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439762.
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Tonk, Rosemarie V. "The first New Zealand land commissions, 1840-1845." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7720.
Full textAbstract:
In early 1840 New Zealand was annexed to the Australian colony of New South Wales and William Hobson became Lieutenant-Governor of the new dependency. One of Hobson's first priorities was to sort out who owned what land in New Zealand. Thus a Commission was set up to investigate the land claims.
The first New Zealand Land Commission was established under the New South Wales Act, 4 Victoria No. 7 (August 1840) and three Commissioners were appointed. They began examining claims early in the following year. Part One of this thesis deals with the origins of the Commission, the legislation which governed its activities and the work of the Commissioners - notably the difficulties which they encountered and what they actually achieved.
A separate Commission was set up in Britain to deal with the claims of the New Zealand Company which held that it had bought some 20,000,000 acres of land centring on the Cook Strait in 1839 and to which it had already sent hundreds of settlers by the end of 1840. William Spain, appointed the Commissioner to investigate the Company's claims, began work early in 1842. The second part of this thesis is concerned with how his work progressed - particularly in the face of determined opposition from the Company's local officials - and how the Company gained a title to much of the land it claimed under an agreement made with the British Government in November 1840, in spite of Spain's finding that the company's 1839 purchases were hardly purchases at all.
The epilogue summarises the Commissions' achievements and outlines what was done in the following years to finally settle the Land Question.
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Grant, Helen. "Commissions of inquiry : the modern day star chamber? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16703.pdf.
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Benedittini, Céline. "Les commissions de réforme fiscale au vingtième siècle." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020064.
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En principe, le processus de la réforme fiscale relève du Parlement, du Gouvernement, et des autorités publiques. Toutefois, au début du XXème siècle, il apparaît un quatrième acteur dans le processus de la réforme fiscale : les commissions de réforme fiscale. Les commissions, composées de représentants ou de techniciens, abordent tous les types d'impôts, allant des impôts directs, indirects, aux mesures fiscales anti-inflationnistes ou aux propositions de nouveaux impôts tels que l'impôt de guerre. Ces commissions, nouveaux acteurs du processus de la réforme fiscale au détriment du Parlement, ont une double mission : la première est officielle, consistant à discuter et à négocier la réforme fiscale en préparation, la seconde est une mission officieuse consistant à apaiser psychologiquement le contribuable et les intervenants à la négociation fiscale et à masquer les objectifs réels non avouables de la réforme. La portée des travaux des commissions est non seulement juridique mais aussi politique. En effet, les avis des commissions se sont révélés très utiles, même si selon la majorité des auteurs de la doctrine considèrent qu'ils ne sont pas créateurs de droits. Par ailleurs, les propositions des commissions peuvent s'intégrer dans le processus de la réforme de différentes façons. Ces propositions peuvent ainsi : rester sans effet immédiat apparent pour lentement prendre naissance (processus de " décantation ") ; être invoquées dans les débats parlementaires et inspirer la réforme en cours de préparation sans reprendre littéralement les propositions, (processus " d'incantation ") ; être la source intégrale de la réforme fiscale (processus de " programmation ").
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Mignon-Martinez, Caroline. "Les commissions d'enquête parlementaire sous la Ve République." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD007.
Full textAbstract:
Les commissions d'enquête parlementaire n'ont pas fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie depuis plus de vingt ans. Le régime juridique des commissions d'enquêtes sous la Ve République est préfondément méconnue. La thèse a pour objet de définir le système juridique de ces commissions. Pour analyser le pouvoir d'enquête des Chambres, la première partie est consacrée aux fondements du pouvoir d'investigation. Ce dernier ne peut se comprendre qu'au travers de son encadrement tant politique que nécessairement parlementaire. Par ailleurs, si le législateur a progressivement admis la possibilité de conférer aux commissions d'enquête des prérogatives d'essence judiciaire, cette intervention est-elle suffisante et adaptée ? Cette question en appelle une autre. En effet, que peut-on attendre d'une investigation à l'apparence quasi-judiciaire exercée par les parlementaires ? Ces questions font l'objet d'une seconde partie. Ainsi, ces travaux ont pour objet de démontrer combien le droit d'enquête des assemblées est un instrument atypique du contrôle parlmentaire, dont la fonction dans nos institutions apparaît désormais incontournableParliamentary commissions of enquiry haven't been subject to any thorough study for more than twenty years. Little is known about legal regulations of commissions under the Fifth Republic. The purpose of the thesis is to define the judiciary system of those commissions. To analyze the enquiry power of the chambers, the first part is dedicated to the foundation of enquiry power, which can be understood only in its political and necessarily parliamentary framework. Besides, if the legislator has gradually admitted the possibility of giving commissions of enquiry some prerogatives of legal nature, is this decision suffcient and suitable ? This question brings about another one : indeed, what can we expect such an investigation, with almost legal aspect, and exerted by members of a parliament ? These questions form the subject of a second part. So, the purpose of this study is to point out how the right of enquiry exerted by assemblies is an atypical instrument of parliamentary control, the function of which seems essential today in our institutions
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Lawson-Godometo, Déladém. "Les commissions internationales d'enquête dans les organisations internationales." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT3010.
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Les commissions internationales d'enquête ont été introduites en droit international en tant que mécanisme autonome de règlement pacifique de différents entre les États. Les conditions de leur mise en œuvre ainsi que leur portée étaient alors restrictives, eu égard à la nature souveraine des personnes concernées. Les États pouvaient en effet s'opposer à leur mise en place dès lors qu'ils estimaient que leur honneur et leurs intérêt étaient en cause dans un différend. Aussi leur utilisation était-elle très limitée. .International commissions of inquiry were introduced in international law as autonomous mechanism for peaceful settlement of states' conflicts. The conditions for their implementation and their impact were then restrictive, considering the sovereign nature of the entities involved. States could indeed oppose its implementation as they considered that their honor and and their vital interests were at stake in a dispute. So, their use was very limited. .