Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commercio internazionali'
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IORIO, FIORELLI GAETANO. "Commercio elettronico e contratti telematici: profili internazionali." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4050825.
Full textPiperno, Chiara <1995>. "Il ruolo delle Camere di commercio italiane nell’Internazionalizzazione 4.0: Il caso della Camera di commercio italiana a Sydney." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18263.
Full textCremon, Martina <1991>. "LE CAMERE ITALIANE DI COMMERCIO, INDUSTRIA, ARTIGIANATO ED AGRICOLTURA NELLE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI. Il caso: La Camara de Industria y Comercio Italo-Costarricense." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9571.
Full textCHIRIU, ANDREA. "East to East. Dinamiche domestico-internazionali, obiettivi bidirezionali e strategie economiche nelle relazioni fra Asia Orientale ed Europa centro-orientale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266493.
Full textMarchiante, Silvia. "Sistemi di risoluzione delle controversie OMC e ICSID a confronto: aspetti procedurali e sostanziali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425888.
Full textIl meccanismo di risoluzione delle controversie disciplinato nell’ambito dell’Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio (OMC), mediante l’apposita Intesa denominata Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), e l’arbitrato internazionale in materia di investimenti regolato dalla Convenzione ICSID, che crea il Centro Internazionale per la Risoluzione di Controversie relative agli Investimenti (International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes – ICSID), costituiscono due procedimenti di carattere internazionale inseriti all’interno di settori diversi. L’oggetto della ricerca è costituito dalla comparazione di questi sistemi. Invero, il settore del commercio multilaterale e quello degli investimenti non possono essere considerati tra loro indipendenti. L’eventualità, concretamente verificata, che la medesima misura generi controversie in entrambi i settori costituisce un esempio della loro interazione, nonché incentivo all’indagine del rapporto sussistente tra di essi. La prima parte della ricerca consiste nell’analisi comparata della disciplina di aspetti procedurali previsti in entrambi i meccanismi. Il potere di azione, i soggetti coinvolti nei due procedimenti, la giurisdizione ratione materiae, il rapporto sussistente tra i due procedimenti e la protezione diplomatica costituiscono il punto di partenza dell’analisi. Secondariamente, sono esaminati gli organi giudicanti, la loro formazione e le funzioni rispettivamente attribuite, nonché il diritto applicabile. Inoltre, le decisioni conclusive delle procedure, la possibilità di proporre appello o di presentare una richiesta di annullamento costituiscono ulteriore elemento oggetto di comparazione, seguito dall’esame della fase esecutiva. La seconda parte del progetto attiene all’esame di alcuni principi sostanziali che svolgono un ruolo di primario rilievo nell’ambito del commercio multilaterale e nel settore degli investimenti. In primo luogo, è esaminata la proporzionalità quale principio la cui complessiva e articolata caratterizzazione comprende la valutazione dell’intensità dell’indagine svolta dagli organi giudicanti. Un secondo principio esaminato è la non discriminazione, mediante l’analisi della clausola della Nazione Maggiormente Favorita e del Trattamento Nazionale, pietre angolari del sistema multilaterale del commercio, ma anche garanzie essenziali per l’investitore privato all’interno dello Stato ospitante l’investimento. La ricerca è diretta a verificare la configurabilità di un rapporto tra il sistema di risoluzione delle controversie interno all’OMC e l’arbitrato internazionale ICSID e di individuarne una possibile qualificazione.
Staltari, Erik <1992>. "Tassazione del commercio elettronico internazionale." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12373.
Full textMetulini, Rodolfo <1983>. "Modelli Gravitazionali per l'analisi del Commercio Internazionale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5166/1/metulini_rodolfo_tesi.pdf.
Full textThe Gravity Model is the "workhorse for empirical studies" in International Economies and it is commonly used in explaining the trade flow between countries. Recently, several studies have showed the importance of taking into account the spatial effect. Spatial Econometric techniques meet this matter, proposing the specification of a set of models and estimators. We will make use of these Spatial Econometric techniques in order to estimate a Spatial Gravity of Trade for a 22-year-long panel of the OECD countries. The aim, therefore, is twofold: on one hand, we are going to use the newest Spatial Econometric techniques in a field where they aren't widely applicated. On the other hand, we provide an updated interpretation of the behaviour of the International Trade in an OECD context, going deeply on the explanation of the spatial spillover effect due to the third country dependence, and of the migratory phenomenon. Moreover, we propose an economically-based analysis whose aim is to avoid the use of the "distance" variable in the Gravity Model. The empirical results confirm the importance of taking into account the spatial dependence and they allow us to estimate the model wirhout the "distance", if properly replaced by a set of fixed effects.
Metulini, Rodolfo <1983>. "Modelli Gravitazionali per l'analisi del Commercio Internazionale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5166/.
Full textThe Gravity Model is the "workhorse for empirical studies" in International Economies and it is commonly used in explaining the trade flow between countries. Recently, several studies have showed the importance of taking into account the spatial effect. Spatial Econometric techniques meet this matter, proposing the specification of a set of models and estimators. We will make use of these Spatial Econometric techniques in order to estimate a Spatial Gravity of Trade for a 22-year-long panel of the OECD countries. The aim, therefore, is twofold: on one hand, we are going to use the newest Spatial Econometric techniques in a field where they aren't widely applicated. On the other hand, we provide an updated interpretation of the behaviour of the International Trade in an OECD context, going deeply on the explanation of the spatial spillover effect due to the third country dependence, and of the migratory phenomenon. Moreover, we propose an economically-based analysis whose aim is to avoid the use of the "distance" variable in the Gravity Model. The empirical results confirm the importance of taking into account the spatial dependence and they allow us to estimate the model wirhout the "distance", if properly replaced by a set of fixed effects.
Micara, A. G. "Tutela uniforme del marchio nell'Unione europea e commercio internazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/61731.
Full textNICCHIA, GIULIA. "La tutela ambientale alla prova della disciplina del commercio internazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201993.
Full textThe present thesis is aimed at analysing the complex relation between the well-consolidated international trade law and the emerging international environmental law. On the one side, trade represented the heart of the international economic law since its origins and it contributed to the structuring of the international global society; environmental protection, on the other side, is a recent phenomenon. As the economic globalization increases, the potential conflict increases itself: the emerging environmental challenges (biotechnologies and climate change) make the clash between trade liberalization policies and environmental regulation choices more than a mere possibility. In the light of such considerations, an integrated approach requires that environmental rules become part of International trade, operating as its fundamental parameter of legitimacy. Starting from these preliminary considerations, the following study is articulated in some key points. Firstly, the research provides for a reference legal framework in order to demonstrate the two regimes different level of institutionalisation. Thus, on the trade side, WTO structure, principles and admitted waiver as well as the relationship between covered agreements and general International law will be considered. Similarly, it is proposed a reconstruction of the emergent International environmental law, expanding on its interrelation with the human rights discipline. Different proposals concerning the institution of a new World Environment Organization are discussed. Moreover, particular relevance in this study is attributed to the dispute settlement mechanisms foreseen: the WTO quasi-jurisdictional system as well as the wide range of remedies, non-compliance mechanisms included, created by multilateral environmental agreements. Secondly, the comparison between the two regimes is further developed at different levels: there are analysed environmental clauses, chapters and exceptions present in bilateral (US-Chile Free Trade Agreement), regional (NAFTA and European Union) as well as multilateral (WTO)trade agreements. Lastly, the present research is completed by the analysis of some important disputes arising from the application of trade-related environmental measures. Particular attention, in this section, will be paid to the current trade and environment debate on conflicting jurisdictions.
DI, LOLLO MARTINA. "La tutela dei diritti fondamentali dei lavoratori nel commercio internazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/98921.
Full textThe benefits due to a sustainable global economy are included in the range of values protected by international law; starting from this consideration, the principal scope of the research is to analyze the points of contact between economic interests and non-economic values, which have always been considered as inconsistent. In this perspective, it is necessary to examine the multilateral system regime within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and then, to study the provisions contained in the Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) concluded at a regional and/or at a bilateral level. During the twentieth century, international trade law has radically changed because of the institution of the WTO in 1995; one of the main innovations of the multilateral trading system is the new dispute settlement mechanism managed by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The thesis analyzes, more in general, the competences of the WTO, which are all addressed to the aim of promoting a full international trade liberalization, through the removal of obstacles to trade and the prohibition of protectionist or discriminatory national measures. However, because of the globalization and the growing participation of developing countries in economic relations that the need of a greater consideration for non- economic values arises. Among the most debated issues, the one relating to the influence that the progressive elimination of any form of obstacle to trade liberalization has on the protection of fundamental rights at work in an individual dimension, as much as in a collective one, assumes great importance; that is because work represents a primary factor in the productive process and, in general, in global economy. As widely observed in this dissertation, the debate relating to the possibility of an inclusion of a social clause in WTO law, in order to achieve the integration of the “core labour standards” within the multilateral system, as established by the International Labour Organization’s (ILO), is characterized by some critical points and tendentially conducts to poor results because of the structural limits within the WTO. More specifically, developing countries, which represent the majority of the members of the Organization, have never agreed on the adoption of a restrictive legal framework with specific limits, like non- trade values. Starting from these considerations, the thesis comes to the conclusion that beyond the progress made thanks to the role played by the interpretative activity of the WTO panels and its Appellate Body in attempting to integrate non-economic values into the multilateral system, other alternative solutions have been identified at a regional and bilateral level. Among the solutions mentioned, it is interesting to consider the provisions contained in the North American Agreement on Labour Cooperation, a Side Agreement in social matters adopted in the context of the Free Trade Agreement between USA, Canada and Mexico in 1992 (NAFTA); this last FTA will be replaced by the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), a new agreement signed on November, the 30th, 2018 and currently just ratified by the Parties. In the same context, the dissertation takes into account the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), that is a free trade agreement within the meaning of which the United States have undertaken a legal action against Guatemala in 2010, based on the alleged violation of the core labour standards; in particular, the proceeding represents the first case in absolute in the practice of a social clause application within a FTA, in which the panel has examined a range of important labour law issues. On the basis of these considerations, the research shows that although it seems to be easier to find an equilibrium between economic interests and non- economic values at a regional or bilateral level, we should not exclude future progress within WTO, thanks to the encouraging interpretative activity made by the panels and the Appellate Body.
Vettorel, Arianna. "L'origine delle merci nel commercio internazionale e nel mercato unico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421996.
Full textLa tesi si compone di due parti, la prima dedicata all’ origine geografica delle merci a fini doganali (Regole d’origine) e la seconda dedicata all’ origine geografica delle merci a fini commerciali, le quali si suddividono ciascuna in quattro capitoli.
DE, FALCIS ELEONORA. "Competitività nel commercio internazionale: partecipazione delle aziende e controversie commerciali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/58043.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the competitiveness in international trade with a multidimensional approach. The work focuses on three levels: a) an analysis of productivity indicators in the agro-food and beverage companies that operate with greater success in the foreign market; b) the role of promotion agencies in support of exporting companies; c) and finally, non-tariff barriers and trade concerns at the level of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in sanitary and phytosanitary matters. The work, conducted in the three perspectives (microeconomic, institutional and international), underlines the link between foreign trade as a factor in improving the competitiveness of companies, also highlights the important role of the institutions and support agencies that accompany companies in the internationalization process, and finally it sheds light on the change in international relations, regarding non-tariff barriers and sanitary and phytosanitary trade concerns between the WTO members, highlighting a reduction in the centrality of the United States and European Union.
DE, FALCIS ELEONORA. "Competitività nel commercio internazionale: partecipazione delle aziende e controversie commerciali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/58043.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the competitiveness in international trade with a multidimensional approach. The work focuses on three levels: a) an analysis of productivity indicators in the agro-food and beverage companies that operate with greater success in the foreign market; b) the role of promotion agencies in support of exporting companies; c) and finally, non-tariff barriers and trade concerns at the level of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in sanitary and phytosanitary matters. The work, conducted in the three perspectives (microeconomic, institutional and international), underlines the link between foreign trade as a factor in improving the competitiveness of companies, also highlights the important role of the institutions and support agencies that accompany companies in the internationalization process, and finally it sheds light on the change in international relations, regarding non-tariff barriers and sanitary and phytosanitary trade concerns between the WTO members, highlighting a reduction in the centrality of the United States and European Union.
Corso, Erika <1991>. "“La nuova Via della Seta: economie, commerci e sviluppi internazionali”." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10066.
Full textVendrame, Michela <1990>. "La politica agricola comune e il commercio internazionale di beni agricoli." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7836.
Full textSANNA, SILVIA. "Tutela dei diritti fondamentali dei lavoratori e disciplina del commercio internazionale." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4050831.
Full textCHERUBINI, SANDRA. "Diritto del commercio internazionale e tutela dei diritti fondamentali dei fanciulli." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054295.
Full textMartorella, Martina. "Contributo del commercio equo e solidale alla sostenibilità economica sociale ed ambientale del commercio internazionale di cacao." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textDi, Caro Elisa <1989>. "IL COMMERCIO INTERNAZIONALE CON LA CINA Dalla nascita dell'impero all'odierna potenza economica." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8221.
Full textTrivellato, Fabio <1993>. "La Convenzione di Vienna e Il Giappone nel commercio internazionale di beni mobili." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20708.
Full textPagano, Miriam <1993>. "China towards the regulation of e-commerce." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12715.
Full textChiericati, Chiara <1997>. "ROLE OF CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND POLITICS Casa Study: Italian Chamber of Commerce in Quebéc, Italian Embassy Amman and ICE Amman." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21798.
Full textNicolato, Giulia <1996>. "The case of Giulio Regeni. Between commercial relations and human rights." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21675.
Full textVALKOVA, LENKA. "CHOICE-OF-COURT AGREEMENTS IN COMMERCIAL, FAMILY AND SUCCESSION MATTERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/612913.
Full textRiva, Federica <1994>. "Payments in the Era of E-Commerce: China's Alipay Case." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13993.
Full textBonato, Gloria <1997>. "The evolution of luxury brands presence in Chinese e-commerce market-Kering case." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20355.
Full textCEOLOTTO, MATTEO. "LE SANZIONI DOGANALI TRA ORDINAMENTO INTERNAZIONALE E DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/67354.
Full textThe thesis examines the topic of the regulation of infringements to the European Union customs discipline, and the related sanctions. The first part describes the relevant steps in the transition from tariff unification to the codification of the EU customs legislation. Subsequently, the subject of the interpenetration between EU legislative power and residual areas of sovereignty of the Member States in customs matters is dealt with, also in reference to the role currently held by the general principles of law, in particular, for the exercise of the sanctioning competence. The second part of the thesis proceeds in examining the compatibility between the regulatory framework on customs sanctions, previously outlined, and the relevant international multilateral discipline. Finally, the thesis analizes the profiles of (in)coherence between the requirements related to the implementation of a uniform customs regime and the current EU law context, with particular reference to the characteristics of the legal bases, relevant for the setting of a supranational customs sanctioning discipline, and to the concrete conformation of the first attempts at regulating the matter.
CEOLOTTO, MATTEO. "LE SANZIONI DOGANALI TRA ORDINAMENTO INTERNAZIONALE E DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/67354.
Full textThe thesis examines the topic of the regulation of infringements to the European Union customs discipline, and the related sanctions. The first part describes the relevant steps in the transition from tariff unification to the codification of the EU customs legislation. Subsequently, the subject of the interpenetration between EU legislative power and residual areas of sovereignty of the Member States in customs matters is dealt with, also in reference to the role currently held by the general principles of law, in particular, for the exercise of the sanctioning competence. The second part of the thesis proceeds in examining the compatibility between the regulatory framework on customs sanctions, previously outlined, and the relevant international multilateral discipline. Finally, the thesis analizes the profiles of (in)coherence between the requirements related to the implementation of a uniform customs regime and the current EU law context, with particular reference to the characteristics of the legal bases, relevant for the setting of a supranational customs sanctioning discipline, and to the concrete conformation of the first attempts at regulating the matter.
Silvestri, Giacomo <1986>. "IL RUOTO ATTUALE E FUTURO DELL’E-COMMERCE NELLA STRATEGIA INTERNAZIONALE DI UNA FASHION INDUSTRY, IL CASO BLAUER USA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9467.
Full textVoltan, Andrea <1987>. "Dall'e-commerce al social commerce: le nuove opportunità offerte alle PMI del made in Italy per vendere su scala internazionale grazie ai nuovi strumenti digitali." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3675.
Full textGRASSI, MICHELE. "LA TEORIA DELLA RES JUDICATA NELL'ARBITRATO COMMERCIALE INTERNAZIONALE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/610259.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to explore the functioning of the res judicata doctrine in international commercial arbitration. The notion of res judicata refers to the final and binding nature of decisions rendered at the end of judicial proceedings and, as such, is an essential feature of every dispute resolution system, both at a domestic and at an international level. The role played by the doctrine of res judicata depends on a balance between conflicting values, such as the principle of procedural economy and efficiency on the one side, and the principle of due process, with specific regard to the parties’ rights to present their case and to be heard, on the other side. The definition of the scope and the effects of res judicata, therefore, raises complex issues, and the solution to these issues varies considerably between national legal systems. The differences between domestic laws are relevant also from a transnational perspective. If a challenge of res judicata is raised with respect to a foreign judgment, the judge has to determine whether to accept the original effects that the decision would have in the State in which it was rendered or to equalize the effects of the foreign judgment with the effects that are usually recognized to domestic decisions. Where a challenge of res judicata is raised before an international commercial arbitral tribunal, the lack of certainties concerning the application of conflict rules breeds even more complexities. Those authorities that represent international arbitration as an autonomous legal order suggest the adoption of a transnational approach to res judicata and recommend the development of a set of substantive transnational rules. Conversely, those who consider that the arbitral tribunal is strictly bound to the legal order of the seat of the procedure, suggest the application of a conflict of law rule, in order to identify the applicable domestic rules of res judicata. Both approaches, for different reasons, are not satisfactory. This dissertation suggests the adoption of a more pragmatic approach in the identification of the scope and the effects of res judicata in international commercial arbitration. To this purpose challenges of res judicata that raise issues of jurisdiction shall be clearly differentiated from challenges of res judicata that raise admissibility issues. Whenever issues of jurisdiction underpin a challenge of res judicata, the arbitral tribunal should adopt an approach coherent with the rules of the State of the seat. As a matter of fact, a violation of those rules could result in the annulment or the refusal of recognition of the award. Whenever issues of admissibility underpin a challenge of res judicata, as a rule the arbitral tribunal should apply the rules of the State of the seat and, specifically, the conflict of laws rules of the seat that regulate the recognition of foreign decisions. However, if the transnational nature of the arbitration is quite pronounced, and the procedure is not closely connected with any domestic legal systems, the arbitral tribunal might apply a «more transnational» approach. In any event, this approach shall not lead to the application of substantive transnational rules, but rather to the recognition of the original effects of the decisions invoked in the proceedings, except where the recognition of such effects violates the procedural public policy of the State of the seat.
Farah, P. D. "L'integration de la Chine dans l'Organisation Mondial du Commerce." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/214666.
Full textOlivieri, Matteo Fulvio. "La politica internazionale dei tiranni nella Grecia arcaica: il caso di Atene." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425320.
Full textLa ricerca traccia la storia delle attività sul piano internazionale dei tiranni e delle principali famiglie aristocratiche di Atene, dalla fine del VII all’inizio del V secolo a.C. Prese in esame sono sia la sfera privata, ovvero le iniziative e i contatti internazionali di natura interpersonale e familiare, sia la sfera pubblica, ovvero la conduzione della politica estera e della diplomazia interstatale di Atene sotto l’influenza della tirannide. L’analisi verifica la posizione e i moventi tanto dei tiranni, quanto di ogni controparte non-ateniese coinvolta nei contatti: emerge così un quadro delle reti di alleanze, degli ambiti d’interesse e dei centri di potere internazionali, dunque una campione significativo del sistema internazionale della Grecia arcaica. Nel più antico tentativo tirannico di Cilone e in seguito nelle prime attività di Pisistrato si identificano istanze della contesa fra Atene e Megara per il controllo di Salamina. Le prime attestazioni relative a Pisistrato rivelano la rete di contatti e iniziative familiari che gli assicurarono la presa del potere ad Atene; alla tirannide pisistratide si attribuisce una strategia marittima che indirizzò Atene verso il controllo delle Cicladi e dell’Ellesponto. Dopo la morte del padre nel 528/7 a.C. Ippia fu coinvolto nella gestione dei mutamenti e dei tentativi egemonici che interessarono il sistema interstatale e regionale dell’Attica, della Beozia e della Tessaglia. Nel penultimo decennio del VI secolo a.C. l’ostilità fra il tiranno e gli aristocratici ateniesi divenne critica: furono allora attivate le rispettive reti di alleanze personali dei Pisistratidi e degli Alcmeonidi loro avversari; in questa situazione emerge la funzionalità dei tradizionali rapporti fra gli Alcmeonidi e il santuario panellenico di Delfi. La ricerca ripercorre inoltre la storia della tirannide tenuta nel Chersoneso Tracico dalla famiglia aristocratica ateniese dei Filaidi. Fra questi e i tiranni pisistratidi esistette un’intesa interfamiliare volta alla tutela degli interessi strategici internazionali di Atene nell’accesso alla navigazione dell’Ellesponto. La parte finale della sequenza cronologica presa in esame è segnata dall’espansione dell’impero persiano in Europa che sconvolse gli assetti del potere internazionale: i Filaidi reagirono assumendo una posizione antipersiana; invece i Pisistratidi si associarono gradualmente alla Persia. Le conclusioni portano a riflettere sull’indeterminatezza della distinzione fra sfera pubblica e sfera privata nell’operato dei tiranni; in una prospettiva storica di lungo corso si apre infine una questione in merito all’individuazione di fenomeni di continuità fra gli obiettivi della tirannide e gli interessi strategici internazionali dell’Atene democratica nel successivo V secolo a.C.
NORI, GIOVANNI MARIA. "L’Arbitrato ICSID e la tutela internazionale degli investimenti esteri. Il concetto di investimento estero.." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/273434.
Full textPurpose and structure of the work. Never before have foreign investments and related regulatory incentive and disincentive regimes been discussed so often as in recent years. Starting from the trade war of the Tariffs engaged between the United States and China, up to the agreements between Italy and China on the infamous new Silk Road, the issues of international trade and, more specifically, foreign investment have returned to the center of political, media and economic attention
LODI, Chiara. "International trade, eco-innovation and pollution emissions: theoretical and empirical analysis at firm and country level." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2478810.
Full textSince 1990’s, environmental deterioration has obtained an increasing interest and it is one of the most important issue in the policy debate at the international level. Nevertheless, improvements have been made through, though this kind of problems still have negative effects on human and natural survival. Considering this scenario, governments have done important efforts in order to coordinate their policies towards the promotion of a sustainable development, by fostering an efficient use of natural resources and a reduction of emissions. This process is a long-term mechanism that needs changes in both consumption and production behaviours. Concerning production side, many studies have investigated the relationship between environmental issues, green policies and different economic factors, and many hypotheses have been formulated (Porter Hypothesis, Pollution Haven, etc.). Among these factors, trade and innovation have a relevant effect, so authorities should apply policies that encourage trade and innovation in a sustainable perspective. It is also true that empirical researches have underlined that the relationship among trade, innovation and environment is multidirectional. This means that producers have to manage trade and innovation by considering the environmental scenario but they should also take economic advantage from being green. In view of this, it is evident that the relationship among trade, innovation and sustainability is complex and requires an intensive collaboration between all stakeholders, from governments to consumers and firms. By considering the worldwide importance of this relation, the present thesis aims at deeply investigating the interplay of environmental policies with the adoption of innovation and trade decision at firm level. It also has the objective of analysing the effect of trade and innovation on country level emissions. The thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first two chapters, micro level analyses have been conducted, both from theoretical and empirical perspectives, while in the third one a cross-country study has been done. The three chapters are hereafter described. The first essay theoretically investigates the role of firm heterogeneity into the Porter Hypothesis dynamics. By using the version of Melitz's international trade model proposed by Helpman (2006), we study the effects of the introduction of an environmental tax on technology and trade decisions of firms. Specifically, we suppose that firms could be dirty or clean, depending on the adopted technology, when the government introduces an environmental tax. Clean firms adopt a total abatement technology so that they do not pay the tax. Firms can choose among three types of technology (dirty-type, clean-type 1 and clean-type 2), which require a different amount of fixed and variable costs. Clean-type 2 technology is more complex than clean-type 1 one. Technology decision has an impact on firms’ productivity, which subsequently affects their exporting propensity. This chapter suggests four important results. First, in a situation where all firms are dirty, governments could use the environmental tax as a good instrument for reducing pollution because it forces the least productive firms to leave the market, with a reduction of emissions and an improvement of the average productivity. Second, if firms may choose between a dirty and a clean technology, they are encouraged to adopt a clean technology when the value of the tax is sufficiently high. Since this kind of technology requires a higher level of fixed costs for its implementation, these costs can be compensated by some tax savings. Third, if we consider a scenario with clean-type 1 and clean-type 2 technologies, firms will opt for a more advanced technology if it is economically convenient. This means that firms introduce a complex abatement technology only when a highly-efficient firm is able to cope with it. Finally, in a scenario where all types of technology can be chosen by firms, the international organisation of production and technology adoption will depend on different aspects, such as the amount of the environmental tax, the relationship between variable and fixed costs that each technology requires. The second study is conducted in order to empirically analyse Pollution Havens and Porter Hypothesis by accounting for the role of firm heterogeneity in trade, innovation and environmental regulation. Specifically, we econometrically test, with reference to CIS2008 and CIS2014 manufacturing German firms, the hypothesis of a negative impact of environmental regulation on exporting propensity and the vision of a positive effect of regulation on innovation and, indirectly, on trade performance. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the hypothesis of the Pollution Haven Effect is confirmed for German firms in CIS2014 and when an environmental taxation is implemented. Differently from the existing literature, which suggests that the introduction of an ecoregulation entails some additional compliance costs and, correspondingly, a decreases competitiveness, a not significant effect of policy on exporting propensity of firms is obtained for CIS2008 and CIS2014. Since we expect that regulations have a higher impact on firms’ competitiveness in more pollutant sectors, we admit heterogeneous coefficients of the eco-regulation variable by sector emission intensity. Specifically, sectors are classified as green, grey and brown and results suggest that eco-regulation has a negative effect on exporting propensity in brown sectors only, though losing robustness over time from CIS2008 to CIS2014. Moreover, we have found that eco-innovation positively affects the probability of exporting. Another important result concerns the effect of environmental regulation on eco-innovation adoption. In line with the related literature on the well-known weak Porter Hypothesis, we find that regulation is a fundamental driver of innovation; the introduction of a new or a stringent environmental policy represents an incentive for firms to be innovative. Since policy makers should consider that firms could react differently to regulation in the ecoregulation drawing process, the two perspectives are also tested on three subsamples: small, medium and large firms. This analysis is important because size represents another measure of firm’s productivity, so of its efficiency level and competitive capacity. Concerning small firms, environmental policies do not affect trade propensity but are relevant for the introduction of ecoinnovation. However, the latter positive effect of regulations must be associated with public financial incentives. For medium and large firms, we can state that the existence of a green policy brings firms to be non-exporters. In other words, medium, either brown or grey, firms are less competitive if an eco-regulation is imposed. However, environmental innovation adoption is driven by eco-regulation and is itself a driver for being an exporter. The thesis is completed by a third macroeconomic level study, that aims at analysing different country characteristics, such as internationalisation and innovation profiles, which affect greenhouse gases and acidifying gases emissions in European Union countries. We decompose the overall level of emissions in scale, composition and technique effects by the Log Mean Divisia Index method. Then we investigate the determinants of each component by implementing a fixed effect Seemingly Unrelated Regression estimation. The analysis of different components is conducted through three steps. First, we investigate the effect of per capita income on air emissions. Specifically, we test the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which underlines an inverted U-shaped relationship between income and pollution. By following the literature, as a second step, we account for the direct impact of other important economic factors in affecting the shape and turning point of the Kuznets curve, such as trade, eco-innovation, relative factor abundance and renewable energy use. Ecoinnovation and renewable energy use can capture the technological progress of a country and the efficient use of resources. We expect that both variables positively contribute to the reduction of pollution. Furthermore, relative factor endowments, together with eco-innovation, is a fundamental measure of country comparative advantage. Trade has been taken into account because, as the existing empirical evidence shows, its effect on emission can be ambiguous, it could either increase or decrease pollution. Finally, as a third step, since trade has also an indirect effect on pollution through scale, composition and technique effects, we measure the trade-induced impact by adding some interaction terms. The econometric analysis of European Union countries data over 2008-2014 years show that all described economic factors differently affect the three above-mentioned effects and results are strictly related to the analysed type of pollutant. For greenhouse gases, the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis cannot be rejected and is totally driven by the scale effect. This result is not verified for acidifying gases emissions. Furthermore, trade directly increases the level of both air pollutants and this is connected with the scale effect. This means that trade contributes to an increase of domestic economic activity which is reflected into an expansion of production and emissions. Trade also has an indirect impact through income, relative factors endowments and renewable energy use on air emissions, which may be either positive or negative. As a final important result, we obtain that both pollutants show a general reduction over time, common to all European Union countries, and this trend is mainly driven by the technique effect. Thus, we can argue that the European Union common policy tools fostering environmental friendly technology have contributed to improve air quality, although the 2008 worldwide crisis has certainly contributed to this decreasing trend.
MANFREDI, MATTEO. "GLI INVESTIMENTI DIRETTI ESTERI NEL SETTORE AGRICOLO DEI PAESI IN VIA DI SVILUPPO E IL DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19080.
Full textThe dissertation investigates the policies and the legal instruments for the international investments' promotion and protection in agriculture of one of the main actors involved in the new land rush: the European Union. The first chapter analyses the EU’s competence over the conclusion of international treaties in order to understand the main innovations of the new generation of EU trade agreements. The second and third chapters focus on possible solutions of the two main agricultural lands investments’ requirements: investment protection and certainty, on the one hand, and protection of local populations, on the other, through a critical analysis of the EU common commercial policy and of the EU development cooperation policy. The thesis aims to provide that the EU free trade agreements and the EU development policy may promote a major legal certainty for developing countries, a key point for any agrarian reform, and consequently guarantee more protection not only for investors but also for local populations.
MANFREDI, MATTEO. "GLI INVESTIMENTI DIRETTI ESTERI NEL SETTORE AGRICOLO DEI PAESI IN VIA DI SVILUPPO E IL DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19080.
Full textThe dissertation investigates the policies and the legal instruments for the international investments' promotion and protection in agriculture of one of the main actors involved in the new land rush: the European Union. The first chapter analyses the EU’s competence over the conclusion of international treaties in order to understand the main innovations of the new generation of EU trade agreements. The second and third chapters focus on possible solutions of the two main agricultural lands investments’ requirements: investment protection and certainty, on the one hand, and protection of local populations, on the other, through a critical analysis of the EU common commercial policy and of the EU development cooperation policy. The thesis aims to provide that the EU free trade agreements and the EU development policy may promote a major legal certainty for developing countries, a key point for any agrarian reform, and consequently guarantee more protection not only for investors but also for local populations.
ZUCCARI, LUIGI. "Il commercio internazionale di armi convenzionali. Normativa e prassi italiana alla luce degli obblighi internazionali." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1365606.
Full textBERTILORENZI, MARCO. "Il controllo della sovrapproduzione. I cartelli internazionali nell’industria dell’alluminio in prospettiva storica, 1886-1945." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/592644.
Full textBASILI, Silvia. "Gli attuali scenari del commercio internazionale dei prodotti agroalimentari, tra vecchie e nuove questioni di sicurezza alimentare: una riflessone comparatistica ta UE, USA e CINA." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251081.
Full textSAMMARTINO, LUIGI. "Il controllo del commercio internazionale di armi convenzionali." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1081050.
Full textDemaria, Federica. "On the impact of the EU GSP scheme." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/325.
Full textTURRINI, PAOLO. "L'interpretazione evolutiva nella giurisprudenza internazionale." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/826147.
Full textMUCCIONE, AZZURRA. "La tutela degli interessi non economici nel diritto del commercio internazionale. Modelli normativi e problemi di coordinamento." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1321719.
Full textBETTIN, Valentina. "La responsabilità internazionale dello stato per violazione delle norme OMC : regime speciale o ordinamento particolare?" Doctoral thesis, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/4565.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Pierre-Marie Dupuy (Istituto universitario europeo) ; Prof.ssa Geneviève Bastid-Burdeau (Université de Paris I) ; Prof. Francesco Francioni (Istituto universitario europeo) ; Prof. Giorgio Sacerdoti (Università Bocconi)
First made available online on 24 May 2016