Academic literature on the topic 'Commercio degli organi'

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Journal articles on the topic "Commercio degli organi"

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Rodriguez, Daniele. "Dono, commercio, esproprio di organi." Medicina e Morale 39, no. 4 (August 31, 1990): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1990.1167.

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Nell'articolo sono sviluppati alcuni aspetti problematici connessi alle procedure relative all'accertamento della morte finalizzato al prelievo d'organi per trapianto. In tema di commercio d'organi, sono citati i riferimenti normativi del caso. Si ipotizza che la scarsa propensione alla donazione da parte dei parenti del morto scaturisca dall'interrogativo se il soggetto sia realmente morto. La questione è analizzata nelle sue varie articolazioni. Si dimostra che, in fatto di congruità dell'accertamento della realtà della morte, il probabile donatore è garantito più degli altri soggetti non destinati al prelievo. Si illustrano gli atti che, considerati nel loro insieme, realizzano una sorta di tripode garantista di cui l'accertamento è il momento prioritario, e la certificazione e l'informazione sono i necessari corollari. E' individuato nel medico legale, facente parte del collegio medico chiamato a diagnosticare la realtà della morte, la figura del garante della correttezza delle procedure.
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Furbeck, Rebecca A., Chad G. Bower, Samodha C. Fernando, and Gary Sullivan. "A survey of the microbial communities of commercial pre-sliced, packaged deli-style ham throughout storage." Meat and Muscle Biology, August 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22175/mmb.15446.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the variation in spoilage microbiota associated with sliced, pre-packaged, deli-style ham from varying processing environments available in the retail market in the United States.  Three different brands of pre-sliced ham, water added were purchased at local markets and evaluated every two weeks beginning four weeks prior to the sell-by date until four weeks beyond the sell-by date.  Analysis of 16S rRNA genes using operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed that brand A had a different bacterial community structure compared to brands B and C, according to unweighted(P = 0.006) and weighted (P < 0.001) UniFrac distance matrices.  Brand A had a greater proportion of sequence reads mapping to Carnobacterium, Bacillus, and Prevotella, while B and C had greater proportions of Pseudomonas, Photobacterium, and Lactococcus.  Brand A also had a lower salt concentration(P < 0.007), greater moisture percentage and less fat percentage (P< 0.012) and increased aerobic plate count (APC) (P = 0.017).  Differences in spoilage microbiota can in part be attributed to the factors involved with different processing locations, as shown by three different brands of ham, as well as slight differences in formulation including salt concentration and organic acid use.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Commercio degli organi"

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Simeone, Silvana. "Trapianto d’organi e identità personale. Profili bioetici." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/239.

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2009 - 2010
Era il 1954 quando Joseph Murray eseguì il primo trapianto di rene, da vivente, tra due gemelli, circostanza che evitò il rigetto, con esito positivo. 24 anni dopo, con l'introduzione della Ciclosporina A, la prima molecola utilizzata come imunosoppressore, si riesce a controllare la risposta del sistema immunitario, vale a dire a ridurre il rischio di rigetto dell’organo trapiantato. Successivamente sono state scoperte nuove molecole (Everolimus) riducendo ulteriormente il rischio, diminuendo gli effetti collaterali e agendo selettivamente sul sistema immunitario. Oggi anche se i trapianti e le donazioni sono in aumento, restano in attesa ancora migliaia di pazienti per un nuovo organo. Attualmente la nuova chirurgia dei trapianti è rappresentata: - dagli xenotrapianti, trapianti di organi di animali nell’uomo, accompagnati dall’immissione nell’animale donatore di geni capaci di controllare le risposte immunitarie della specie sulla quale si vuole effettuare il trapianto; - dagli organi artificiali, il cui impiego, per ora è limitato a casi particolari ed a periodi di tempo ridotti; - dall’utilizzo delle cellule staminali, impiegate per rigenerare i tessuti degli organi stessi, anche se per organi come il cuore, il fegato o il rene, la strada da percorrere è ancora molto lunga. I trapianti continuano a sollevare, ancora oggi problematiche che vanno dal dibattito sul prelievo degli organi, alle procedure sull’accertamento della morte cerebrale, al consenso alla donazione, al commercio degli organi. Per introdurre il delicato argomento sul commercio degli organi, citiamo la leggenda metropolitana, di quel turista che accetta un drink in un bar, per poi svegliarsi in una vasca piena di ghiaccio, macchiato di sangue, con un taglio sul fianco ed un biglietto dove c’è scritto: “ti è stato asportato un rene, vai subito all'ospedale”. Questa può essere una leggenda, ma il fenomeno dei 'turisti d'organi', è vero ed esiste, ed anche gli italiani figurano nella lista, che non è la lista d’attesa al trapianto d’organo, ma è una lista/elenco, il cui viaggio ha l'obiettivo di comprare un organo da trapiantare. Il trapianto potrebbe essere stato eseguito in Turchia e gli organi potrebbero provenire dalla Moldavia o dall’Albania. A questo punto, ci rendiamo conto che siamo di fronte al libero mercato, l’organo si è trasformato in un comune prodotto commerciale, è diventato merce. Tutto è in vendita, tutti acquistano sul mercato, però questa volta troviamo due disperati per motivazioni diverse, chi vende, lo fa perché disperato economicamente, chi compra è chi ha perso le speranze, rispetto alle liste d’attesa, perché crede di non “farcela”... [a cura dell'Autore]
IX n.s.
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Books on the topic "Commercio degli organi"

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Pongiluppi, Francesco. La Rassegna Italiana: Organo degli interessi Italiani in Oriente : Giornale Ufficiale della Camera di Commercio Italiana di Constantinopoli. Istanbul: Edizioni Isis, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Commercio degli organi"

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Taber, Douglass F. "Arrays of Stereogenic Centers: The Barker Synthesis of (+)-Galbelgin." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0043.

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Gang Zhao of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Gang Zou of the East China University of Science and Technology devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 3129) an elegant catalyst for the direct enantioselective epoxidation of a simple acyclic enone 1. Ismail Ibrahem and Armando Córdova of Mid Sweden University and Stockholm University prepared (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 3114) 6 by combining three catalysts to effect the enantioselective addition of 5 to 4. Giovanni Casiraghi and Franca Zanardi of the Università degli Studi di Parma used (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 10291) a silver catalyst to mediate the addition of 8 to 7 to give 9. Keiji Maruoka of Kyoto University condensed (Nature Chem. 2011, 3, 642) the diazo ester 10 with an aldehyde 4, leading, after reduction of the initial adduct and protection, to the diamine 11. Christoph Schneider of the Universität Leipzig effected (Synthesis 2011, 4050) the vinylogous addition of 13 to an imine 12, setting both stereogenic centers of 14. In the course of the coupling of 16 with the diol 15, Michael J. Krische of the University of Texas established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 12795) four new stereogenic centers. By adding (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 10557) an α-nitro ester 18 to the maleimide 19, Professor Maruoka established both the alkylated secondary center and the N-substituted quaternary center of 20. Srinivas Hotha of the Indian Institute of Science Education & Research and Torsten Linker of the University of Potsdam showed (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 10434) that the readily prepared lactone 21 could be opened to 23 without disturbing the stereogenic center adjacent to the carbonyls. Allan D. Headley and Bukuo Ni of Texas A&M University-Commerce devised (Synthesis 2011, 1993) a recyclable catalyst for the addition of an aldehyde 7 to a nitroalkene 24 in water to give 25. Alexandre Alexakis of the University of Geneva effected (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 7212) the triply convergent coupling of 26, 27, and 28 to give 29 as a single dominant diastereomer.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Organocatalytic C–C Ring Construction: Prostaglandin F2α (Aggarwal)." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0072.

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Marco Lombardo of the Università degli Studi di Bologna devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 3428) a silyl-bridged hydroxyproline catalyst that mediated the enantioselective addition of 2 to cinnamaldehyde 1 to give 3. Yoann Coquerel and Jean Rodriguez of Aix Marseille Université showed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 3523) that a hybrid epi-cinchonine catalyst directed the enantioselective and diastereoselective addition of the amide 4 to the nitro alkene 5 to give 6. Magnus Rueping of RWTH Aachen observed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12864) that a chiral Brønsted acid mediated the diastereoselective and enantioselective formation of 9 by the addition of 8 to cyclopentadiene 7. Marco Bandini, also of the University of Bologna, combined (Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 2859) organocatalysis with gold catalysis to effect the cyclization of 10 to 11. Min Shi of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry prepared (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2764) the quaternary cyclic amino acid derivative 14 by adding 13 to the acceptor 12. Makoto Tokunaga of Kyushu University prepared (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6178) the ketone 17 by the hydrolytic enantioselective protonation of the enol ester 15. Hiyoshizo Kotsuki of Kochi University developed (Synlett 2012, 23, 2554) a dual catalyst combination that effectively mediated the enantioselective addition of malonate even to the congested acceptor 18. Yoshitaka Hamashima and Toshiyuki Kan of the University of Shizuoka established (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6016) a protocol for the enantioselective brominative cyclization of 21, readily available by the reductive alkylation of benzoic acid. Polycarbocyclic ring systems can also be prepared by organocatalysis. Ying-Chun Chen of Sichuan University tuned (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 19942) cinchona-derived catalysts to selectively convert 23 into either exo (illustrated) or endo 25. Peng-Fei Xu of Lanzhou University developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12339) a supramolecular iminium catalyst for the intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 26. In a spectacular illustration of the power of organocatalysis, Varinder K. Aggarwal of the University of Bristol dimerized (Nature 2012, 489, 278) succinaldehyde from the hydrolysis of commercial 28 directly to the unsaturated aldehyde 29. Diastereoselective conjugate addition led to prostaglandin F2α 30.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Enantioselective Construction of Alkylated Centers: The Maier Synthesis of Platencin." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0039.

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Jaesook Yun of Sungkyunkwan University devised (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 4232) a method, based on conjugate addition to a cyano alkyne, for the preparation of nitriles such as 1 with high geometric control. Enantioselective conjugate reduction then delivered the doubly arylated stereogenic center of 2 in high ee. Pher G. Andersson of Uppsala University described (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 8855) a similar approach to diarylated ternary stereogenic centers. Motomu Kanai and Masakatsu Shibasaki of the University of Tokyo developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3858) a complementary approach to dialkylated stereogenic centers based on enantioselective conjugate cyanation of α-methylene N-acylpyrroles such as 3. Cathleen M. Crudden of Queen’s University established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 5024) that a benzylic organoborane, prepared by enantioselective hydroboration of styrene, coupled with an aryl iodide such as 6 in good yield and with > 90% retention of ee. Kwunmin Chen of National Taiwan Normal University devised ( Adv. Synth. Cat. 2009, 351, 1273) an organocatalyst for the enantioselective Michael addition of an α,α,-dialkyl aldehyde such as 9 to a nitroalkene. Wenhu Duan of the East China University of Science and Technology and Wei Wang of the University of New Mexico together developed (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 2864) an organocatalyst for the enantioselective addition of nitromethane 12 to an unsaturated ketone such as 11. Xiaodong Shi of West Virginia University found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1279) that commercial diphenyl prolinol effectively promoted enantioselective conjugate addition of 15 to 14. Enantioselective methods for the construction of alkylated quaternary centers have also been put forward. Kin-ichi Tadano of Keio University devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1139) a glucose-derived chiral auxiliary that effectively directed the absolute sense of the alkylation of 17. Li Deng of Brandeis University reported (Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 3139) further details of his elegant Cinchona -mediated conjugate addition of 19 to 20. Francesca Marini of the Università degli Studi di Perugia extended (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2009, 351, 103) this approach to selenones, effecting, over two steps, enantioselective vinylation.
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