Dissertations / Theses: 'Commercial port'

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Roa, Perera Iván. "Analysis of developer-concessionaire rates for a proposed new private commercial port model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403880.

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This investigation presents a study of the rates that generate economic flows between developers and concessionaires in the port sector based on the hypothesis that a private developer purchases the land on the waterfront and, with the approval of the state, creates a multi-activity port and concessions spaces to private operators. This thesis presents, therefore, the construction of a port and its business model through a private initiative. For the model to be successful, certain contextual conditions must arise that characterise demand, prices and legal conditions, among other aspects. Having established the regulatory parameters of these contextual conditions, the economic flows generated by the various rates are studied and their importance relative to the developer and concessionaire are assessed through the construction of a mathematical model that allows the determinants to fluctuate and to study, on the basis of these fluctuations, the profitability of each one. Moreover, within the model, a module has been created that enables the researcher to determine whether the concessionaire may be awarded discounts on their rates based on the performance in certain operational aspects. Both the mathematical model and rate correcting module are validated through their application in a practical case and, in this way, the importance of each rate and how the bonuses affect the performances of the developer and concessionaire are assessed.
La presente investigación aborda el estudio de los cánones que generan los flujos económicos promotor-concesionario/s en el ámbito portuario, partiendo de la hipótesis en la que un promotor privado adquiere terrenos en primera línea de mar y, con el beneplácito del Estado, crea un puerto multiactividades y concesiona espacios a operadores también privados. Se trata, por tanto, de la construcción de un puerto y de su modelo de negocio a partir de la iniciativa privada. Para que el modelo sea exitoso, deben darse unas condiciones de contorno determinadas que caracterizan demanda, precios y condicionantes legales, entre otros aspectos. Establecidos los parámetros reguladores de estas condiciones de contorno, se estudian los flujos económicos generados por los distintos cánones y se evalúa su importancia relativa para promotor y concesionario a partir de la construcción de un modelo matemático que permite hacer fluctuar los condicionantes y estudiar, en base a estas fluctuaciones, las rentabilidades de cada uno. Adicionalmente se crea dentro del modelo una parte que permite determinar si los concesionarios pueden obtener descuentos en sus cánones, en base al desempeño en determinados aspectos de su operativa. Tanto el modelo matemático como el modulo corrector del canon se validan a partir de la aplicación en un caso práctico y, de este modo, se evalúa la importancia de cada canon y como afectan las bonificaciones a las rentabilidades de promotor y concesionario.

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Pierson, S. R. "Application of commercial CFD to improve gasoline port fuel injector design and targeting." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11426.

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The need to meet ever more stringent emission regulations and the desire to improve fuel economy has led to the significant development of the gasoline spark ignition combustion engine in recent years. One area of development has been mixture preparation, and PH (Port Fuel Injection) has been introduced to increase engine responsiveness whilst meeting emission regulations. Successful PH designs however depend upon good targeting of the fuel spray onto the back of the intake valve. Geometric predictions based on injector axis and spray bone angles have been used in the past, but require development to account for the momentum exchange between the spray and the charge air. Alternatively CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) can be used. In this study a validated methodology has been successfully developed using the commercial CFD code Fluent5.5, to simulate the spray behaviour from a multi-hole port fuel injector. The approach taken ignored the primary and secondary atomisation phases, and instead droplets were injected at the injector tip position. The droplets velocity and size were then tuned until the predicted spray profile matched the measurement data at 60rnm and 90mm downstream of the injector tip. Having developed a tuned injector model, CFD simulations assessing the injector targeting performance of the Jaguar AJV8 engine were then undertaken. Based upon these assessments some suggestions to improve the engine's injector targeting performance were made. Before this methodology could be developed, a series' of experiments were necessary to characterise a state of the art port fuel injector. A combination of Planar Mie and PDA laser techniques, were used to measure how the spray behaved under different operating and atmospheric conditions. As well as providing spray boundary and validation data, an in depth understanding of the spray structure was gained for both pulsed and continuous injector operations.

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Hillis, Shaun A. "An analysis of commercial railroad congestion and its resultant impact on fort-to-port transportation efforts." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA361478.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1999.
Thesis advisor(s): David F. Matthews, Ira A. Lewis. "March 1999". Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-172). Also available online.

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Auld, Kathleen. "Can port state measures taken against RMFO partners be reconciled with international trade law? a critical analysis of the EU shared stocks regulation in light of the herring dispute." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20791.

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The European Union (EU) and Faroe Islands, a small self-governing archipelago under the sovereignty of Denmark, both belong to the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC). NEAFC is a regional fisheries management organisation (RFMO) which is responsible for the management of, inter alia, Atlanto-Scandian herring. NEAFC parties have a long-term management plan in place for Atlanto-Scandian herring. Based on recommendations from the International Council for the Exploration of Seas (ICES) the parties set a total allowable catch (TAC) for the herring and divide this among the contracting parties each year. At the 2012 consultations between the NEAFC parties the Faroe Islands requested a larger share of the TAC. The Faroe Islands left the consultations after the other parties repeatedly refused this request. It was granted a share of the TAC by the other four states in its absence. It then set its own catch quota far above this allocated share. In response the EU put in place port state measures to prevent Atlanto-Scandian herring from entering the EU. This included an import ban and a ban on the use of EU ports by Faroese vessels. The EU took this action under Council Regulation (EC) No. 1026/2012 (Shared Stocks Regulation) which allows measures to be imposed against third countries that allow non-sustainable fishing of common or straddling stocks. This includes measures taken against RFMO partners for non-compliance with RMFO laws, as RFMOs are generally set up to conserve straddling fish stocks. This Regulation was promulgated in line with a number of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) such as UNCLOS and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA). The Faroe Islands challenged the Shared Stocks Regulation and the specific Implementing Regulation imposing the port state measures in both the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and a Tribunal constituted under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). However the matter was settled before either of these tribunals could hear the case. The dissertation interrogates whether the EU Regulations are consistent with WTO law, specifically the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), using the facts of the Atlanto-Scandian herring dispute. Chapter I sets out the background to the dispute, and explains the concepts of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, and port state measures. Chapters II and III of the dissertation consider the consistency of the EU Regulations with the GATT. Chapter II finds that the EU Regulations contravene one or more of Articles I, V and XI of the GATT (the substantive provisions). Chapter III considers whether these measures, having contravened one of the GATT substantive provisions, may be justified under Article XX of the GATT (the exceptions provision). Chapter III concludes that, although well-crafted, the EU Regulations may still not be justifiable under the Article XX Chapeau in the particular circumstances of the herring dispute, based on principles in previous WTO cases. Chapter IV considers the relationship between multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) relevant to IUU fishing and WTO agreements, to determine whether the EU Regulations could be considered GATT-consistent by reference to these MEAs or whether the MEAs could override WTO law. Chapter V concludes.

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Thompson, William Paul 1955. "Effects of seaport trade on metropolitan commercial real estate with a concentration on the port of Miami." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70186.

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Vignau, Pascale. "La Pallice : La construction et l'essor d'un port de commerce (1870-1940)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROF005.

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Au début du XIXe siècle, la marine connaît une mutation technique accélérée. Le « vieux port » aux origines médiévales de la Rochelle ne répond plus aux besoins de la navigation, ce qui donne lieu au creusement d’un bassin intérieur effectif en 1808. Cet équipement s’avère vite insuffisant et au milieu du siècle, la construction d’un second bassin hors les murs s’impose et voit le quartier de la Ville-en-Bois se développer à proximité. Rapidement, à son tour, dans les années 1850-1860, ce nouveau bassin ne répond plus aux exigences maritimes modernes. La construction d’un troisième bassin à flot en eau profonde est alors envisagée pour la première fois. La question du lieu se pose. La réponse vient de l’ingénieur hydrographe Bouquet de la Grye, qui, après avoir étudié différentes possibilités de la rade, propose en 1876 un lieu à 5 km à l’ouest de la ville, ce sera la création du port en eau profonde de La Pallice. La venue, en 1878, du ministre des travaux publics Freycinet entérine ce grand projet devenu national. Les travaux débutent en 1880 jusqu’au 19 août 1890, date de l’inauguration par le président Sadi Carnot. Le 5 juin 1891, l’établissement portuaire est ouvert à la navigation et le trafic se développe selon une progression constante. La Première Guerre mondiale met en lumière les avantages de La Pallice et son rôle important dans la défense nationale, mais le port présenté comme moderne en 1890 devient bientôt exigu pour recevoir des navires de plus en plus grands. La construction d'un môle d'escale en eau profonde est adoptée en 1923, pour être en partie opérationnel avant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Cette thèse qui relève de l’histoire urbaine s'attache également à démontrer en quoi la création du port de la Pallice a permis à La Rochelle de renouer avec son grand destin maritime en relançant son économie marchande
At the beginning of the 19 th century, the navy underwent an accelerated technical change. The "old port" with medieval origins of La Rochelle no longer meets the needs of navigation, which gives rise to the digging of an effective interior basin in 1808. This equipment quickly proves insufficient and in the middle of the century, the construction of a second basin outside the walls was essential and saw the Ville-en-Bois district develop nearby. Quickly, in turn, in the years 1850-1860, this new basin no longer met modern maritime requirements. The construction of a third wet dock in deep water was then considered for the first time. The question of location arises. The answer comes from the hydrographer engineer Bouquet de la Grye who, after having studied the various possibilities of the bay, proposed in 1876 a place 5 km west of the city, with would be the creation of the deep water port of La Pallice. The visit of the Minister of Public Works, Freycinet, in 1878, endorsed this major project which had become national in scope. Work began in 1880 until August 19, 1890, the date of inauguration by President Sadi Carnot. On June 5, 1891, the port establishment was opened to navigation, and traffic grew steadily. The First World War highlights the advantages of La Pallice and its important role in national defence, but the port presented as modern in 1890 soon becomes cramped to receive increasingly large ships. The construction of a deep-water stopover mole was adopted in 1923, to be partly operational before the Second World War. This thesis, which is part of urban history, also aims to demonstrate how the creation of the port of La Pallice has enabled La Rochelle to renew its great maritime destiny by reviving its marchant economy

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Abela, Joan Angela. "The impact of the arrival of the Knights of St John on the commercial economy of Malta 1530-1565." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8182.

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Much has been written about various aspects of the long presence of the Knights of the Order St John on the island of Malta. Nonetheless, throughout this literature there is one noticeable omission - a study of the commercial development of the harbour area during the first decades of the Order’s rule. Despite Malta’s small size, the presence of the Order of St John (1530 -1798) ensured an inflow of foreign resources which eventually permitted very dense human settlement and an international projection beyond the island’s shores which was largely disproportionate to what would normally have occurred in such a small and sterile island. The maritime nature of the Order and the heavy dependence on imports hastened the creation of an efficient maritime communication system. The development of all these economic activities resulted in a prime economic means of generating wealth and served as a pull factor to a large number of enterprising individuals, both local and foreign. Early modern Hospitaller Malta eventually saw the consolidation of an enterprising business class, which, out of sheer necessity, grew accustomed to operating well beyond its narrow confines. In turn, this contributed to the island becoming more open to connectivity with the outside world. Hence, the main aim of this thesis is to explore in detail various economic activities taking place in Malta during this particular period which spans from 1530 to 1565. The year 1565 has been chosen as a marker since during this year there was a break in the normal chain of events due to the turmoil created by the Great Siege. In order to reach this goal the practical functioning of commerce with its agreements and disputes, its currencies, its trading posts and its nodal points shall be analyzed. Furthermore, this thesis strives to show how notarial evidence, together with that derived from records of various tribunals set up on the island at the time, supplement each other and help to fill in gaps. While discussing different methodological approaches to the study of the Mediterranean, the first chapter of this study shall also assess Malta’s place within the wider Mediterranean historiographical framework. It shall also trace the development of Maltese historiography and its contribution to the study of legal, economic and social issues relating to the sixteenth century. Furthermore, this study shall place the various series of primary sources used for its compilation in their proper context, thus allowing the reader to evaluate better the significance of the information provided. The second chapter shall evaluate how the arrival of the Order provided for the setting up of new institutions and for the promulgation of new laws in order to consolidate its authority over the island despite repeated promises to respect and honour ancient rights and privileges. The following three chapters shall each be dedicated to a particular case study which will try to address specific topics that have been largely neglected in Maltese historiography. Thus, starting with an analysis of the grain trade, which was of the utmost importance for a sterile island with an ever-increasing population, it will be followed by another case study which seeks to evaluate the role of women, their legal persona and how this affected their contribution to the island’s economic activities. The final chapter will try to establish whether there were any commercial links between Malta, often described as the frontier and bulwark of Christianity, and its neighbouring Ottoman North African territories. If such trade existed, how did merchants, both Christian and Muslim, manage to overcome religious antagonism which should have inhibited the easy flow of trade? The objective of this study shall therefore be to shed much-needed light on economic activities taking place in and around the harbour area during a largely unexplored period in Maltese history. Moreover, it shall seek to provide a better understanding of Mediterranean commercial relations since the Maltese harbour was a point of intersection not only for people of different nationalities, but even for people of different faiths, such as Muslims, Jews and Christians of different denominations. All had one common goal which unified them, that is, trading and making profit out of it.

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Pétriat, Philippe. "Les grandes familles marchandes hadramies de Djedda, 1850-1950." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010641.

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Cette étude suit le parcours de familles marchandes hadramies établies à Djedda, de 1850 à 1950. Appuyée sur des sources européennes, ottomanes et des archives privées, elle présente un groupe particulier, remarqué pour son rôle économique au Hedjaz, de la notabilité provinciale ottomane et de la diaspora hadramie. Son appartenance à la notabilité locale, remarquable dès les années 1850, tenait à l'adaptation des structures familiales à un réseau marchand étendu, au rôle de ces grands négociants dans la communauté hadramie, et leur intégration au milieu d'affaires de la cité. Djedda jouait alors le rôle de port de La Mecque et constitua une plateforme commerciale entre l'Inde, la côte africaine de la mer Rouge, et l'Égypte. Le parcours de ce familles issues du Hadramaout croise ainsi l'histoire économique et politique du Hedjaz sur un siècle. Il replace l'histoire de la province dans son contexte global, notamment dans celui des relations entre la Méditerranée et l'océan Indien. L'évolution de la composition du groupe des grands marchands hadramis de Djedda et de leurs activités accompagne les changements du cadre économique et politique du Hedjaz successivement province de l'Empire ottoman et émirat chérifien, royaume hachémite en 1916 puis région occidentale du royaume d'Arabie saoudite à partir de 1925. L'effacement, au cours des années 1930-1940, de ces grands marchands, et l'émergence d'hommes d'affaires eux aussi issus de l'immigration hadramie au Hedjaz, soulignent la réorientation du commerce et des migrations régionales, autant que le changement de régime politique et l'avènement des revenus pétroliers
This work adresses the history of Hadrami merchant families settled in Jeddah from 1850 to 1950, a group that is still well-known for its economic role in the Hejaz and Saudi Arabia,. Built on private, Ottoman and European archives, it describes a specific group of the Ottoman provincial notability and of the Hadrami diaspora. As soon as the 1850s, their being part of Jeddah's notability was the result of three main factors : their success in adapting family agency to an extensive network of trade, their role in the local Hadhrami community, and their integration into the business group of the city. In the 19th century, Jeddah was Meccas harbor and a platform for trade between India, the East-African coast and Egypt. In this way, the history of these farnilies from Hadhramaut was closely related to the economic and political history of Hejaz. It brings back the history of the Hejaz in its global context, evidencing the connections between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Changes in these merchants' activities and in the composition of their group paralleled the changes in the economic and political situation of the Hejaz, which was successively a province of the Ottoman Empire and a Sharifian Emirate, the Hashemite Kingdom in 1916 and the western region the Saudi Kingdom from 1925 onwards. During the 1930s and the 1940s, the gradual disappearance of these traders from the economic elite of the country, and the emergence of other Hadrami business men, illuminate the impact of new directions of trade and regional migrations, that proved as important as the new political regime and the beginning of oil wealth

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Dohrn, Charlotte L. "A New Commons: Considering Community-Based Co-Management for Sustainable Fisheries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/81.

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Commercial fisheries on the West Coast are traditionally managed under large-scale management and conservation plans implemented by state and federal agencies. This scale of management can present obstacles for fishing communities. This thesis examines emerging cases of attempts to define and implement sustainable management of commercial fisheries under a community-based co-management model. In Port Orford, Sitka, San Diego and Santa Barbara, preliminary community-based co-management models are enabling fishing communities to pursue social sustainability through preserving access, participating in local science, and direct marketing for fish products. These communities are actively reshaping traditional models of conceptualizing and managing common-pool resources like fisheries.

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Fahner, Kenneth Alberta. "Characterization and evaluation of a commercial pork packaging process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28935.pdf.

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Silva, Joana Fernandes da. "Elasmobranchs % Commercial Fisheries around the British Isles: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/19367.

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Silva, Joana Fernandes da. "Elasmobranchs % Commercial Fisheries around the British Isles: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/19367.

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Ibouanga, Brice. "Les interfaces maritimes du Gabon : essai d'une géographie portuaire et commerciale." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30030.

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Exportateur de matieres premieres dont, le petrole, le bois, le manganese et l'uranium, le gabon n'a que la voie maritime pour ecouler ses productions. La disponibilite de bonnes installations portuaires est donc pour lui essentielle. C'est pourquoi, l'etat a entrepris un certain nombre de realisations pour porter les equipements de ses deux grands exutoires maritime que sont libreville et portgentil au niveau de ses besoins commerciaux. Par ces equipements portuaires, l'etat entendait mettre en oeuvre une reelle politique de developpement economique du pays avec le triple objectif suivant: ouvrir le pays sur l'exterieur, promouvoir son developpement industriel, et contribuer a amenager son territoire. Apres plus de 20 ans d'existence, on peut se demander si les installations portuaires de libreville et port-gentil suffisent a assurer une bonne desserte maritime du pays ou doit-on concevoir d'autres amenagements pour un developpement equilibre? repondent-elles a l'evolution des besoins maritimes du pays? et compte tenu des donnees nautiques du littoral gabonais et des donnees naturelles et humaines du pays, compte tenu aussi des efforts developpes en vue d'une integration nationale, quel avenir pour les ports gabonais? ce sont la quelques unes des questions auxquelles notre etude tente d'apporter des reponses
As an exporting country of raw material among which petroleum wood manganese and uranium ), gabon has nothing but the sea way to sell outside its outputs having efficient port facilities at one's disposal is there fore something essential. That is why the gabonese state has undertacken a number of projects in order to make the equipements of its major maritime outlets - which are libreville and port-gentil - meet its commercial needs. Throughout those port equipements, the state has intended to carry out a real economic development policy in the country following this triple objective: opening the country to the outside word, promoting its industrial progress, and contributing to town and country planning. After a working which has been lasting for more than twenty years one can wonder whether the different facilities in the harbours of libreville and port-gentil are sufficient to endow the country with an excellent maritime service or other plannings should be conceived for a balanced development. Do the existing infrastructures meet the maritime wants of the country? as owing to data concerning the gabones coast as well as those related to nature, people and all endeavours in favour of a national intergration, what could be the future of gabonese ports? those are some of the questions to which our survey tries to give answers

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Wilborn, Clifford M. "Challenges and issues for U.S. Ports : impact of the next generation containerships and carrier alliances on commercial ports and military operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA342624.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.
"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): David G. Brown, Donald R. Eaton. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-114). Also available online.

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Brown, Michael Carey. "Assessment of Commercial Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures for Reinforced Concrete." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36386.

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Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete exposed to chloride-laden environments is a well-known and documented phenomenon. The need for cost effective systems for protection against corrosion has become increasingly clear since the first observations of severe corrosion damage to interstate bridges in the 1960's. As one potential solution to the mounting problem of corrosion deterioration of structures, corrosion-inhibiting admixtures have been researched and introduced into service. This report conveys the results of a three-part laboratory study of corrosion inhibiting admixtures in concrete. The commercial corrosion inhibiting admixtures for concrete have been analyzed by three evaluation methods, including: * Conventional concrete corrosion cell prisms under ponding, * Black steel reinforcing bars immersed in simulated concrete pore solutions, * Electrochemical screening tests of special carbon steel specimens in electrochemical corrosion cells containing filtered cement slurry solution. The purposes of the study include: * Determining the influence of a series of commercially available corrosion inhibiting admixtures on general concrete handling, performance and durability properties not related to corrosion. * Determining the effectiveness of corrosion inhibiting admixtures for reduction or prevention of corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete, relative to untreated systems, under laboratory conditions. * Conducting a short-term pore solution immersion test for inhibitor performance and relating the results to those of the more conventional long-term corrosion monitoring techniques that employ admixtures in reinforced concrete prisms. * Determining whether instantaneous electrochemical techniques can be applied in screening potential inhibitor admixtures. Concrete properties under test included air content, slump, heat of hydration, compressive strength, and electrical indication of chloride permeability. Monitoring of concrete prism specimens included macro-cell corrosion current, mixed-cell corrosion activity as indicated by linear polarization, and ancillary temperature, relative humidity, and chloride concentration documentation. Simulated pore solution specimens were analyzed on the basis of weight loss and surface area corroded as a function of chloride exposure. Electrochemical screening involved polarization resistance of steel in solution. Results include corrosion potential, polarization resistance and corrosion current density.
Master of Science

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Cerva, Pedro Henrique Martins da Costa. "O espaço do Mercado-estudo da evolução do tecido comercial do Porto : a praça de mercado." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Lusíada, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29527.

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Tardif, Gabrielle. "La gestion préabattage des porcs et l'effet sur la qualité de la viande dans un contexte commercial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66314.

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La qualité de la viande est un aspect extrêmement important dans l’industrie porcine. Une bonne qualité favorise la vente du produit, puisque les consommateurs sont à la recherche d’un produit appétant, de couleur rosée et ayant un goût caractéristique. Plusieurs éléments peuvent avoir une influence sur la qualité de la viande, l’un d’eux étant le stress vécu par l’animal avant l’abattage. En effet, le stress préabattage contribue à accélérer le métabolisme de l’animal, ce qui l’amène à utiliser ses réserves énergétiques, principalement le glycogène. L’utilisation de l’énergie par les muscles et les réactions qui s’en suivent étant importantes dans le processus de transformation du muscle en viande, la dégradation accélérée ou la faible disponibilité du glycogène lors de l’abattage peut mener à des problèmes de qualité de la viande, comme une viande pâle, molle et exsudative (PSE) ou une viande sèche, dure et foncée (DFD). Il est connu que les étapes préabattage, soit le chargement, le transport, le déchargement, l’attente à l’abattoir ainsi que l’abattage proprement dit, peuvent stresser les porcs. Ces étapes sont des éléments importants qui peuvent affecter la qualité de la viande. La durée du chargement, la durée du déchargement et la durée du processus d’abattage sont des indicateurs de la qualité de la gestion préabattage, considérant qu’un animal stressé sera probablement plus difficile à déplacer. L’étude des différents comportements durant ces étapes permet de faire un lien entre le stress vécu par les animaux et la durée des étapes menant à l’abattage de l’animal. De plus, les comportements des animaux à l’abattoir, soit les agressions et les porcs couchés, ainsi que les blessures permettent d’établir la présence d’un stress chez les animaux pendant l’attente avant l’abattage. Le but de la présente recherche était donc d’observer différents éléments de la gestion préabattage du chargement jusqu’à l’abattage des porcs, et d’évaluer les différents effets de ces éléments sur le comportement des porcs et la qualité de la viande produite, et ce, dans un contexte commercial. Deux lots de porcs de six différentes fermes ont été observés sur deux ou trois sorties de 100 à 200 porcs par sortie. Différents éléments concernant la santé, le comportement des animaux, les données de température ainsi que la durée des différentes étapes ont été observés et compilés. Des analyses de la qualité (couleur, pH, perte en eau) de la viande sur 30 carcasses par sortie ont été également effectuées. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de déterminer les éléments affectant la durée des différentes étapes de la gestion préabattage (chargement, déchargement et abattage), ainsi que les éléments affectant la présence de blessures sur les porcs et les comportements agressifs et de repos (porcs couchés) lors de différents moments avant l’abattage. Aussi, les paramètres de qualité (couleur, pH et perte en eau) ont pu être liés, de façon non significative, à différents éléments de la gestion préabattage. Concernant la durée de chargement, celle-ci était significativement (p < 0,05) liée au nombre de porcs sortis, au pourcentage de porcs couchés ou assis, à la saison ainsi qu’au nombre de personnes qui chargeaient les porcs. Nous avons observé une augmentation de la durée de chargement lorsque le nombre iv de porcs sortis et le pourcentage de porcs couchés ou assis étaient plus élevés et lorsque seulement deux employés s’occupaient du chargement des porcs, tandis que nous avons observé une diminution du temps de chargement en automne comparativement aux autres saisons. Pour ce qui est de la durée de déchargement, elle était significativement (p < 0,05) plus longue lorsque le nombre de porcs sortis et la durée du transport étaient plus élevés. Enfin, la durée du processus d’abattage augmentait significativement (p < 0,05) lorsque le nombre de porcs observés augmentait. Pour ce qui est des comportements observés à l’arrivée à l’abattoir, le pourcentage de porcs couchés dans les 20-30 premières minutes suivant le déchargement augmentait significativement (p < 0,05) avec le pourcentage de porcs couchés dans les 10 premières minutes suivant le déchargement ainsi qu’avec la durée d’attente dans le camion. Le pourcentage de porcs couchés était également plus élevé pour les porcs de la 1re sortie et pour ceux abattus l’hiver ou ayant eu une douche durant le transport. Pour ce qui est des comportements agressifs, le nombre de porcs agressifs dans les 20- 30 premières minutes suivant le déchargement augmentait significativement (p < 0,05) avec le nombre de porcs agressifs dans les 10 premières minutes suivant le déchargement. Pour ce qui est du comportement deux heures après le déchargement, le nombre de porcs couchés augmentait significativement (p < 0,05) avec le pourcentage de porcs agressifs dans les 10 premières minutes suivant le déchargement et avec la durée du transport dans le camion. Pour ce qui est des comportements agressifs, plus il y a eu de comportements agressifs dans les 10 premières minutes suivant le déchargement, plus il y a eu de comportements agressifs 2 h après le déchargement (p < 0,05). Enfin, il y aurait une augmentation significative de blessures avant l’abattage (p < 0,05) lorsque le pourcentage de porcs agressifs est plus élevé 2 h après le déchargement et le jour d’abattage. Plus le pourcentage de porcs qui s’entassaient dans le parc lors de l’entrée des humains pendant le chargement était élevé, plus le nombre de blessures augmentait. De plus, moins de blessures ont été observées l’hiver. Pour ce qui est des résultats sur la qualité, une relation positive entre la couleur (L*) et la température dans l’abattoir au moment de l’abattage ont été observées. De plus, la couleur (L*) était significativement plus élevée l’été comparativement à l’hiver et à l’automne. Le pH était également associé positivement à la température dans l’abattoir au moment de l’abattage, mais inversement associé au poids de la carcasse. Enfin, la perte en eau était associée positivement au poids de la carcasse, mais inversement liée à la température de la carcasse lors des analyses de la qualité. En conclusion, bien que nous ayons pu mettre en évidence des facteurs de la gestion préabattage qui influencent le comportement des porcs, il n’a pas été possible d’établir une relation claire entre le stress et le comportement des animaux pendant la période préabattage ni d’effets significatifs sur la qualité de la viande dans ce contexte commercial.

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Baron, Guy. "Approche géographique de l'Arc Atlantique à travers l'activité portuaire : commerciale et industrielle." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT3028.

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L'arc atlantique est un espace de coopération interrégionale confronte aux économies d'échelle, particulièrement dans le domaine du trafic maritime recentre pour l'essentiel sur la rangée du nord. La thèse envisage une approche multiscalaire de cet espace (32 régions). L'échelle du continent permet de percevoir la communauté de difficultés et de réponses apportées par les institutions (Feder, fonds de cohésion, États et collectivités territoriales) aux régions maritimes en crise (construction navale ou domaine militaro-industriel). Les villes elles-mêmes accompagnent la recomposition de leurs interfaces portuaires. L’échelle des grands organismes et des segments de façade recentre la réflexion sur la communauté d'approche des acteurs portuaires confrontés aux nouvelles donnes du commerce international et européen ; l'alignement sur le modèle anglais est étudié, Liverpool étant particulièrement représentatif. Enfin l'étude des stratégies des operateurs est abordée au niveau le plus fin, celui des terminaux portuaires aujourd'hui maillon d'un transport intégré dont l'assise terrestre est aussi importante que le maritime. La façade atlantique de l'Europe offre sur le plan portuaire et maritime de fortes discontinuités qui désarticulent "l'Arc atlantique" en plusieurs espaces eux mêmes tournés vers des horizons divergents (Amérique latine ou anglo-saxon). Le concept d'arc inverse est proposé
Atlantic arc is a regional cooperation space. The maritime difficulty for Atlantic arc is the enormous traffic through northern range and liberalisation of transport. The peripherality of a large country with a community of difficulties (civil & military shipbuilding for example, maritime transport in small ports. . ) is the topic of the study. Structurals funds and new organization of harbour with an english model change configuration of transport with privatisation of post terminals nodal point of logistic link. Traditions of trade are different in the north and south of the arc. (North America for english harbour and South America for portuguese and spanish ports). The thesis propose the concept of inverted arc

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Tuck, Sarah Jane. "Socio-economic aspects of commercial ports and wharves in Southwest England : a grounded theory approach to regional competitiveness." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2123.

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The Southwest Region, as defined by the SW Regional Development Agency, forms an extended peninsula with a coastline of 1,020 km, the longest of any region in England. All along this coastline are fishing ports, commercial ports, small wharves, closed ports, ferry ports and leisure ports. Amongst the smallest are a dozen tidal ports, tiny harbours and rocky wharfs that still maintain a commercial trade of local and environmental significance. According to most theories of port development these ports should close, being forced out of business by larger, more efficient ports. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen people who were involved with five small ports or port areas in the Southwest region. They represented commercial, local government or local resident interests. The research was carried out using grounded theory methodology, which aims to create theory through inductive analysis of the data. An ecological theory of port competition emerged, which explains how a small port succeeds because it is adapted to a market niche within which it enjoys a unique competitive advantage. Small ports are, however, extremely vulnerable to relatively small changes in the external environment, especially as port town land has a high opportunity cost in terms of the housing, retail and leisure developments that could profitably be made on the land. The institutional environment (including the support of the local council) and economic environment are the two most important indicators for the success or failure of a small port. In terms of regional competitiveness, a small port contributes to the competitiveness of its region as a business in the traded sector and a facilitator of traded businesses. In terms of clustering, a small port appears to belong more to a cluster of industries around agricultural products, fish products, supplies distribution, wholesaling transportation and logistics services, than to the obvious 'marine' clusters of ship fabrication or marine leisure.

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Panchapakesan, Ashwin. "Optimizing Shipping Container Damage Prediction and Maritime Vessel Service Time in Commercial Maritime Ports Through High Level Information Fusion." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39593.

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The overwhelming majority of global trade is executed over maritime infrastructure, and port-side optimization problems are significant given that commercial maritime ports are hubs at which sea trade routes and land/rail trade routes converge. Therefore, optimizing maritime operations brings the promise of improvements with global impact. Major performance bottlenecks in maritime trade process include the handling of insurance claims on shipping containers and vessel service time at port. The former has high input dimensionality and includes data pertaining to environmental and human attributes, as well as operational attributes such as the weight balance of a shipping container; and therefore lends itself to multiple classification method- ologies, many of which are explored in this work. In order to compare their performance, a first-of-its-kind dataset was developed with carefully curated attributes. The performance of these methodologies was improved by exploring metalearning techniques to improve the collective performance of a subset of these classifiers. The latter problem formulated as a schedule optimization, solved with a fuzzy system to control port-side resource deployment; whose parameters are optimized by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm which outperforms current industry practice (as mined from real-world data). This methodology has been applied to multiple ports across the globe to demonstrate its generalizability, and improves upon current industry practice even with synthetically increased vessel traffic.

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Soto, Carrillo Gerardo, and Villarreal Renzo Grández. "Regulatory contribution, tariff for radio spectrum And fee for commercial exploitation: tax aspects Of telecommunications." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109538.

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The Peruvian government has stablished mandatory payments that telecom companies have to make: the regulatory contribution, the tariff for radio spectrum and the fee for commercial exploitation.In this article, the authors examine what tax nature and what validity basis those impositions have.
El Estado peruano ha establecido pagos obligatorios que deben realizar las empresas operadoras de telecomunicaciones: el aporte por regulación pagado, el canon por el uso del espectro radioeléctrico y la tasa por explotación comercial. En el presente artículo, los autores examinan qué naturaleza tributaria y qué fundamento de validez tienen estas exacciones.

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Bolivar, Thiago. "A forma voce em interações comerciais em Porto Alegre, RS." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270426.

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Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bolivar_Thiago_M.pdf: 1232769 bytes, checksum: 7ebc022a0afc37b0e014116a3a40c8e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Este é um trabalho de investigação sociolingüística sobre o uso de formas de tratamento em interações comerciais em Porto Alegre, RS. O corpo principal de dados foi obtido com a realização de uma pesquisa rápida e anônima, tal como descrita por Milroy & Gordon (2003). Pesquisamos três ambientes na capital gaúcha, delimitados de acordo com caracterizações locais de prestígio social: o Iguatemi (um shopping center mais freqüentado pela elite), o Praia de Belas (um shopping center mais freqüentado pela classe média e camadas populares) e o Centro (o comércio, ambulante ou não, do centro da cidade). Foi analisado o uso de formas de tratamento por parte de sujeitos-vendedores, no atendimento a clientes, sendo que demos especial atenção para a forma você ao verificarmos que, quanto mais alto o prestígio social do ambiente, maior a freqüência de uso dessa forma. O trabalho também apontou um comportamento diferenciado entre homens e mulheres nessa situação, sendo a freqüência de você entre as últimas bastante superior à mesma freqüência entre os primeiros.
Abstract: This is a sociolinguistic research on address form usage within commercial interactions in Porto Alegre, RS (the capital of Brazil's southernmost State). The bulk of our data were collected by means of a rapid and anonymous survey, such as described by Milroy & Gordon (2003). Three locations in the aforementioned city, all delimited and characterised according to their local social prestige, were surveyed: Iguatemi (a shopping mall which is usually frequented by the higher classes), Praia de Belas (a shopping mall which is usually frequented by the middle and working classes), and The City (the commerce in the streets and shops of downtown Porto Alegre). The use of address forms by the subjects (i.e., salespersons, when addressing their customers), was analysed, with a special focus on the form você, since it was observed that, the higher the location's social prestige, the higher its frequency. The study also indicated differences in the behaviour of men and women in the same situation, namely, a far higher frequency of você among female speakers than among male speakers.
Mestrado
Mestre em Linguística

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23

Moura, Rocha Luiene. "Validation of stress indicators for the assessment of animal welfare and prediction of pork meat quality variation at commercial level." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26811.

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Les procédures appliquées avant l'abattage des animaux influencent directement la qualité de la viande en modulant l'état physiologique des porcs; ainsi, l’augmentation de la température corporelle, les taux élevés de lactate sanguin et l'épuisement des réserves de glycogène entre autres, occasionnent la majorité des baisses de qualité. L'objectif de cette thèse était de valider des outils indicateurs de stress porcin pour les fermes et les abattoirs. Ceux-ci seraient appliqués à la surveillance du bien-être animal et à la prédiction de variation de qualité de la viande porcine au niveau commercial. Premierement, les résultats de la thèse ont permis de conclure qu'un des outils développés (analyseur portatif de lactate) mesure la variation du niveau de lactate sanguin associé à l'état physiologique des porcs dans la phase péri-mortem et aide à expliquer la variation de la qualité de la viande chez le porc à l’abattoir, en particulier dans les muscles du jambon. Deuxièmement, les résultats des audits du bien-être animal appliqués de la ferme à l’abattoir ont démontré que la qualité du système d’élevage à la ferme d'origine et les compétences du chauffeur de camion sont d’importants critères affectant la réponse comportementale des porcs à la manipulation avant l'abattage. Ces résultats ont également démontré que les conditions de logement à la ferme (la faible densité et l’enrichissement dans les enclos), le comportement des porcs en période pré-abattage (glissade), ainsi que les interventions du manipulateur (utilisation du bâton électrique) dans la zone d’étourdissement de l’abattoir affectent négativement la variation de la qualité de la viande. L’application des protocoles d’audits dans la filière porcine a également démontré que le respect des critères de bien-être animal fixés par un outil de vérification est primordiale et permet de contrôler les conditions de bien-être des porcs à chaque étape de la période pré-abattage, de produire une viande de qualité supérieure et de réduire les pertes. Les audits de bien-être animal sont donc un outil qui apporte des resultats très pertinents pour aider a éviter les variations de la qualité de la viande chez le porc. Troisièmement, la thermographie infrarouge s'est avéré être une technique prometteuse permettant d’évaluer la variation de température corporelle de l’animal pendant et après un stress physique, en particulier lorsque cette mesure est prise derrière les oreilles. En conclusion, les outils validés à travers cette thèse représentent des méthodologies non invasives et potentiellement complémentaires à d'autres approches d'évaluation de l'état physiologique et du bien-être animal par rapport au stress, permettant de réduire les pertes de qualité de viande (par exemple en utilisation conjointe avec le niveau de lactate sanguin et les indicateurs de stress comportemental, entre autres).
The majority of meat quality defects are directly related to the preslaughter procedures as it results from the variation of the physiological state of pigs before slaughter, as indicated by changes in body temperature, lactate levels, glycogen reserves, among others. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to validate tools that could be useful as stress indicators at the farm and at the slaughter plant for animal welfare monitoring and pork quality variation prediction at the commercial level. The results highlighted that the hand-held scout analyzer is capable of measuring blood lactate levels variation associated with the physiological condition of pigs in the peri-mortem phase and may help explain the variation in pork quality, especially in the ham muscles. Likewise, results of the animal welfare audits showed that the quality of the raising system at the farm of origin and the truck driver skills are important sources of variation in the behavioural response of pigs to preslaughter handling. Additionally, on-farm housing conditions (ease of movement), and preslaughter pig behaviour (slips) and handler interventions (electric prod use) during handling in the stunning chute area at the plant as assessed by the audit protocols used in this study, showed to contribute to pork quality variation. Finally, the infrared thermography proved to be a promising technology to assess body temperature variation after physical stress, especially when this measure is taken behind the ears. Overall, the three techniques validated in this thesis represent useful methodologies to complement other techniques in the assessment of animal welfare conditions (e.g. animal behaviour, physiological indicators, etc.) in relation to stress. Being non-invasive and rapid these procedures may be applied to monitor animal welfare prio to slaughter and reduce the incidence of pork quality defects.

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Barbosa, Elisabeti de Fátima Teixeira 1967. "Conforto térmico e consumo de energia em ambientes de um supermercado de médio porte." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258594.

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Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_ElisabetideFatimaTeixeira_M.pdf: 7798250 bytes, checksum: 9170364aaa7d255d00d409c30bdcd8b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O conforto térmico tem sido amplamente pesquisado nos últimos anos, visando melhorar o bem estar das pessoas nos ambientes edificados, e minimizar o uso de energia elétrica para condicionamento artificial. Há algum tempo os estudos se direcionaram ao desempenho do ambiente construído de modo a obter uma boa relação entre pessoa-ambiente, principalmente quando se trata de ambientes de trabalho. No entanto, ainda é desconhecido o nível de conforto térmico proporcionado aos usuários de algumas edificações, principalmente em se tratando de edifícios de supermercados. Nos últimos anos, além de os empresários se preocuparem em garantir condicionamentos apropriados aos alimentos, em assegurar certo padrão de conforto aos seus clientes e propiciar bom nível de produtividade de seus funcionários, eles ainda tem que se preocupar em minimizar custos de energia. Nesse sentido, o levantamento do índice de conforto térmico e do consumo de energia em ambientes de supermercados se mostra importante para o conhecimento da real situação ambiental desse tipo de edificação. Esta pesquisa visou levantar dados do índice de conforto térmico e do consumo de energia no ambiente construído comercial do ramo alimentício. A metodologia empregada envolveu a seleção do supermercado, sua caracterização, o monitoramento das variáveis ambientais: temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, velocidade do ar e temperatura de globo, que permitem, juntamente com os dados relativos às variáveis pessoais, calcular o Voto Médio Estimado e a Porcentagem Estimada de Insatisfeitos. Foram levantados também os dados de consumo de energia. A análise dos resultados permitiu identificar a percepção térmica e o nível de satisfação dos usuários tanto de funcionários quanto dos clientes do supermercado. Os resultados indicam que no mês de maio/2011, 86% dos entrevistados preferiam o ambiente sem alteração e se sentiam confortáveis, e enquanto na área dos refrigeradores 55% dos entrevistados preferiam o ambiente sem alteração, e nesta mesma região, 32% preferiam o ambiente um pouco mais quente, ou seja, não estavam satisfeitos com o local, portanto preferiam mudanças. Os resultados indicam também que a temperatura do ar externo tem mais influência no consumo de energia que o número de usuários no supermercado pesquisado
Abstract: Thermal comfort has been widely researched in recent years to improve the welfare of people in the built environment, and minimize the use of electricity for artificial conditioning. For some time the studies were directed to the performance of the built environment in order to get a good relationship between person-environment, especially when it comes to working environments. However, it is still unknown what level of thermal comfort provided to the users of some buildings, especially in the case of buildings supermarket. In recent years, entrepreneurs have to bothering to ensure appropriate conditions to food, and ensure a certain standard of comfort to its customers and provide good level of productivity of their employees, in addition they still have to worry about minimizing energy costs. In this sense, the survey index of thermal comfort and energy consumption in supermarket environments proves important for understanding the real environmental situation of this type of building. This research examines data index of thermal comfort and energy consumption in the built environment of the commercial food industry. The methodology included the selection of the supermarket, characterization, monitoring of environmental variables: air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and globe temperature, allowing, together with data on personal variables, calculate the Predicted Mean Vote and estimated Percentage of Dissatisfied. Also, data were collected from energy consumption. The analysis identified the thermal perception and level of satisfaction of users of both employees and customers of the supermarket. The results indicate that in the month of May/2011, 86% of respondents preferred the environment without alteration and felt comfortable, and while in the area of refrigerators 55% of respondents preferred the environment unchanged, and in the same region, 32% preferred the environment a little warmer, or were not satisfied with the location, so preferred changes. The results also indicate that the air temperature has more influence on energy consumption than the number of users in the supermarket researched
Mestrado
Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
Mestra em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

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Leduc, Noémie. "Évaluation de la biodiversité des invertébrés marins dans les ports commerciaux de l'Arctique grâce à l'ADN environnemental." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36279.

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D’abord méconnue puis longuement sous-estimée, la biodiversité de l’Arctique fait maintenant face à d’importantes altérations sous les effets combinés des changements climatiques ainsi que l’augmentation des activités commerciales dans l’Arctique canadien. Ces altérations ne sont pas sans risque pour les communautés d’invertébrés marins, particulièrement dans les zones sensibles telles que les ports commerciaux. La protection de la biodiversité représente un enjeu majeur, nécessitant une bonne compréhension de l’organisation spatiale des espèces au moyen d’indices de biodiversité tels que les indices alpha, beta et gamma, de même que le développement de méthodes de détection efficace. Dans le cadre de ce projet de maîtrise, la biodiversité obtenue à l’aide de méthodes d’échantillonnage traditionnelle fut comparée à la biodiversité détectée par l’ADN environnementale (ADNe), grâce au metabarcoding des gènes COI et 18S, afin de documenter les patrons de biodiversité des communautés d’invertébrés marins à différentes échelles spatiales. À partir d’échantillons d’eau de 250 ml récoltés à trois différentes profondeurs au sein des ports de Churchill, Baie Déception et Iqaluit, il fut possible de déceler la présence de 202 genres répartis dans plus de 15 phyla. De ces organismes, seulement 9 à 15% furent également collectés par les méthodes traditionnelles, révélant ainsi l’existence de différences significatives au niveau de la richesse et de la composition des communautés entre ces différentes approches d’échantillonnage. Outre ces différences majeures, cette étude a permis de démontrer une réduction de la biodiversité beta dans les communautés détecter à l’aide de l’ADNe comparativement aux communautés identifiées par la collecte de spécimens. Cette homogénéisation de la biodiversité souligne le rôle non négligeable de la dispersion de l’ADNe ainsi que l’influence notoire des stades de vie pélagique dans sa détection. Les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette étude mettent bien en évidence le potentiel du metabarcoding d’ADNe tout en insistant sur son caractère complémentaire face aux méthodes traditionnelles pour d’éventuelles applications en gestion et conservation des communautés d’invertébrés marins de l’Arctique
Arctic biodiversity has long been underestimated and is now facing rapid transformations due to ongoing climate change and other impacts including shipping activities. These changes are placing marine coastal invertebrate communities at greater risk, especially in sensitive areas such as commercial ports. Preserving biodiversity is a significant challenge, going far beyond the protection of charismatic species and involving suitable knowledge of the organization of species in space. Therefore, knowledge of alpha, beta and gamma biodiversity indices are of great importance in achieving this objective together with new cost-effective approaches to monitor changes in biodiversity. This study compares metabarcoding of COI mitochondrial genes and 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples with standard species collection methods to document patterns of invertebrate communities at various spatial scales. Water samples (250 mL) were collected at three different depths within three Canadian Arctic ports; Churchill, MB, Iqaluit, NU and Deception Bay, QC. From these samples, 202 genera distributed across more than 15 phyla were detected using eDNA metabarcoding, of which only 9% to 15% were also identified through species collection at the same sites. Significant differences in taxonomic richness and community composition were observed between eDNA and species collections, both on local and regional scales. This study shows that eDNA dispersion in the Arctic Ocean reduces beta diversity in comparison to species collection while emphasizing the importance of pelagic life stages for eDNA detection. This study highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to assess large-scale arctic marine invertebrate diversity while emphasizing that eDNA and species collection should be considered as complementary tools for providing a more holistic picture of the marine invertebrate communities living in coastal areas.

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Zanfini, Linda. "Ouverture commerciale et structure du travail dans les îles du sud-ouest de l'océan indien." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100073.

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L’ouverture commerciale devait relancer la structure productive de Madagascar ; plus de vingt ans après le début de la libéralisation, ses résultats sont très contestés. La théorie du commerce international, dont se sont inspirés les promoteurs de la libéralisation, ne pouvait pas prévoir ces résultats, car elle ne prend pas en compte la dimension spatiale des phénomènes, la rationalité située des individus et le sous-emploi, structurel. En milieu rural, le démantèlement des organismes de collecte étatiques, et l’augmentation du risque marchand pour les producteurs paysans des régions les plus isolées, a provoqué leur sortie du marché et leur repli sur l’autosubsistance, entraînant l’effondrement des exportations traditionnelles. Dans les villes, à l’essor des nouvelles activités exportatrices à haute intensité de main d’œuvre, souvent situées en zone franche, fait écho le déclin de l’industrie locale, peu intégrée au secteur moteur. Dans une situation de sous-emploi structurel, il n’y a pas de réallocation du travail entre ces deux secteurs; les entreprises franches puisent leur force de travail parmi les travailleurs sous-employés du secteur informel, ce qui leur permet aussi de réduire les rémunérations de la main d’œuvre, sous-intégrée dans le rapport salarial, et de bénéficier des économies d’urbanisation. Cette dynamique risque toutefois de déstabiliser les facteurs de la croissance des entreprises modernes. Le rapprochement avec le cas de Maurice, pays émergent voisin, et la mise en relief des facteurs du succès de la zone franche mauricienne, permettent enfin d’identifier les raisons de l’instabilité de la croissance malgache et de sa zone franche
Initially aimed at improving Madagascar's productive structure when it was launched more than 20 years ago, the liberalization of trade in this area is far from reaching the expectations. The International Trade Theory, which did inspire the liberal decision makers, could not foresee these results because it is not taking into account the dimension of space in these phenomenon’s, the “spotted rationality” of individuals and the structural under-employment. In rural areas, the dismantling of state owned structures in charge of goods collection and the increased trade risks for isolated farmers, led them to leave the marketplace and pushed them toward self-sufficiency. This resulted in the collapse of traditional exports. In urban areas, the growth of new labor-intensive export activities located in the export processing zones, came along with the decline of the local industry, not integrated enough to the leading sector. In a structural under-employment situation, there is no re-allocation of labor between the two sectors. Free trade companies are drawing the workforce from the under- employed of the informal sector, which helps them not only to reduce wages but also to benefit from economies of urbanization. This attitude might however destabilize the growth factors of modern companies. The comparison with the case of the neighbouring island of Mauritius and the analysis of the success factors of the Mauritius free trade zone, enable us to identify the reasons for the instability of the economic growth of Madagascar and its free trade zone

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Nunes, Daniel Minossi. "Nos bares, cafés e restaurantes de Porto Alegre: cultura material e o ideário moderno em meados do século XX." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1196.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:30:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Minossi Nunes_Dissertacao.pdf: 10901822 bytes, checksum: 65a25d5218a83518cf376be0da39be95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31
During the first half of the twentieth century, the city of Porto Alegre/RS, experienced great transformations and urban reforms, such as opening and widening of streets,construction of the new port and the substantial improvement in the harbor area, and the construction of the first skyscrapers and verticalization of the urban landscape. Especially in downtown, the intensification of the modernization process was simultaneously associated with new social practices and new experiences of different social groups in Porto Alegre. In this sense, coffee shops, restaurants, bars and hotels were typically urban public spaces that favored all kinds of social relations, where were propagated and displayed the values associated with modern ideas. Therefore, this research investigates how the commercial tablewares in the state capital acted in the production and maintenance of social groups identified with an urban, elitist and modern lifestyle. The actor-network approach, applied to the present study of historical archeology, allowed tracing the unfailing action of the commercial wares in the chronics, administrative documents, filmic records and daily life of the population of Porto Alegre. By pursuing these objects in different information sources, we sought to emphasize the non-human dimension of social relations, especially considering the participation of the commercial tablewares in the construction and maintaining of the a hegemonic masculinity. Masculinity pattern notably inserted into an urban, industrial, bourgeois and capitalist order - a modern society.
Durante a primeira metade do século XX, a cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, experimentou transformações e reformas urbanas importantes, tais como a abertura e alargamento de avenidas, a edificação do novo porto e o sensível melhoramento da zona portuária, assim como a construção dos primeiros arranha-céus e a verticalização da paisagem urbana. Sobretudo na zona central da cidade, a intensificação do processo de modernização esteve paralelamente associada a novas práticas sociais e novas experiências vividas por diferentes grupos sociais porto-alegrenses. Nesse sentido, os cafés, os restaurantes, os bares e os hotéis foram espaços públicos tipicamente urbanos que propiciaram toda a sorte de relações sociais, onde eram propagados e exibidos os valores associados ao ideário moderno. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa investiga como a louçaria de mesa empregada por estabelecimentos comerciais da capital gaúcha agiu na produção e manutenção de grupos sociais identificados com um estilo de vida urbano, elitista e moderno. A abordagem do ator-rede, aplicada ao presente estudo de arqueologia histórica, permitiu rastrear a indefectível ação de louças comerciais em documentos administrativos, crônicas, registros fílmicos e no cotidiano da população portoalegrense. Ao perseguir estes objetos em diferentes fontes de informação, buscouse enfatizar a dimensão não humana das relações sociais, considerando especialmente a participação na louçaria comercial na construção e manutenção de uma masculinidade hegemônica notadamente inserida em uma ordem urbana, industrial, burguesa e capitalista uma sociedade moderna.

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Kardan, Caesar. "Quality of CPTU : Analyses and comparison of data from commercial actors in Stockholm/Mälardalen." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-161222.

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CPTU is one of the most sophisticated geotechnical investigation methods. However, there is a large amount of uncertainties related to this method. The uncertainties depend on different types of factors, for instance lack of accuracy in performance and equipment. The objective of this master thesis is to compare the CPTU-results from a number of commercial actors in Stockholm/Mälardalen in order to analyze these results with respect to the current standards and guidelines. The comparison was made in order to highlight the difference in results which may appear due to different equipment, performance of the operator and evaluation method. Based on this, an invite was sent to the commercial actors in Stockholm/Mälardalen, resulting in the participation of five different commercial actors in this investigation. Execution in the field was conducted over a six week period. During this time 26 CPTU were performed in total in a small area in Hagby, Stockholm, by these different actors. Once the data was collected from all of the actors, the results were evaluated with the aid of the computer softwares Conrad and Excel. The main conclusions from this study are: Not one of the performed CPTU in this master thesis fulfills the requirements for CPT class 1 according to the European standards. The quality of the education of operators should be improved and geotechnical engineers and the clients need to be more familiar with CPTU. The evaluated results from different commercial actors differ, and this can depend on the choice of equipment and performance of the operator during penetration, but it can also depend on systematic errors in the cone penetrometers
CPTU-sonderingar är en av de mest sofistikerade undersökningsmetoderna för geoteknisk analys och bedömning. Det finns emellertid en hög grad av osäkerhet i denna metod. Osäkerheten beror på olika typer av faktorer, bland annat brist på noggrannhet i handhavande och utrustning. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att jämföra CPTU-resultat från de kommersiella aktörerna i Stockholm/Mälardalen för att senare analysera dessa resultat i förhållande till gällande ramverk och riktlinjer. Jämförelsen gjordes med avsikt att lyfta fram skillnaderna i resultat som kan uppstå på grund av olika utrustning, handhavande och utvärderingsmetod. Baserat på detta skickades en inbjudan till de kommersiella aktörerna i Stockholm/Mälardalen, vilket ledde till att fem olika kommersiella aktörer deltog i undersökningen. Utförande i fält genomfördes under en period på sex veckor. Under denna tid utfördes totalt 26 sonderingar i ett avgränsat område i Hagby, Stockholm, av dessa olika aktörer. När all data samlats in från alla aktörer utvärderades resultaten med hjälp av mjukvarorna Conrad och Excel. De viktigaste slutsatserna i denna studie är: Ingen utav de utförda CPTU-sonderingarna uppfyller kraven för CPT klass 1 enligt den europeiska standarden. Kvaliteten på utbildning av fältgeotekniker bör förbättras och geotekniska ingenjörer och även beställare bör bli mer bekanta med CPT. De utvärderade resultaten från de olika aktörerna skiljer sig åt, och detta kan bero på valet av utrustning och fältgeoteknikerns prestation vid sondering men det kan också bero på systematiska fel i de använda sonderna.

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Powers, Ashley. "The Commerce Of Time: The Influence Of Thirteenth Century Commercial Society On The Conception And Expression Of Time In Parisian Poet Rutebeuf’s Corpus." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469089012.

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Tosello-Bancal, François. "L'évolution de la pêche de la sardine sur le littoral français." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040010.

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La sardine d’Europe (sardina pilchardus walbaum) était abondamment pêchée, en France, durant le siècle passé; principalement le long des côtes de la Bretagne sud et de la Vendée. En 1910, on comptait 37 quartiers maritimes et 84 ports à pêcher la sardine. Il y avait également, environ 188 conserveries à travailler la sardine. Aujourd'hui, il n'y a pas plus de 13 quartiers maritimes groupant 25 ports, à pêcher cette espèce, et 25 conserveries à traiter la sardine. Avant 1960, la production atlantique dépassait la production méditerranéenne. Depuis cette date, la tendance s'est inversée. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier les différents facteurs (biologiques, économiques, halieutiques, etc. ) expliquant cette évolution, sinon déclin de la pêche sardinière en France. Elle veut aussi montrer la situation réelle de cette activité, en France, en cette fin de vingtième siècle
The European pilchard (sardina pilchardus walbaum) was plentifully fished, in France, during the past century; mainly along the coasts of south Brittany and Vendée. In 1910, they counted up to 37 maritime quarters with 84 ports, to fish the pilchard. There were also about 188 canning factories to work the pilchard. Today, there are no more than 13 maritime quarters with 25 ports, to fish this species and 25 canning factories working the pilchard. Atlantic production overtook the Mediterranean one before 1960. Since this date, the tendency reversed. The aim of this thesis is the study of different factors (biology, economy, catching techniques, etc. ) Explaining this evolution, or else, the decline of the pilchard-fishing in France. It also wants to show the real situation of this activity, in France, in this end of the twentieth century

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Boubaker, Sadok. "La régence de Tunis au XVIIe siècle ses relations commerciales avec les ports de l'Europe méditerranéenne, Marseille et Livourne /." Zaghouan : Ceroma, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb353654829.

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Silva, Maximiliano Barbosa da. "Integração comercial e substituição de moeda: as conseqüências monetárias da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-04072007-130744/.

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A maior parte dos trabalhos sobre substituição de moeda encontra como fonte geradora deste fenômeno a diferença de capacidade entre as diferentes moedas em manterem os seus valores ao longo do tempo. Existe, entretanto, um aspecto pouco explorado nesta literatura. É necessário estudar a relação entre o grau de integração comercial e o processo de substituição de moeda. Em concordância com esta necessidade, o objetivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar os impactos sobre a demanda pelas moedas nacionais decorrentes de um processo de integração comercial, focalizando sobre o motivo transacional da demanda por moeda. Para isto, desenvolvem-se dois modelos de equilíbrio geral dinâmico com trocas descentralizadas (search) em economia aberta. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, elevados níveis de integração comercial podem deflagrar um processo de substituição de moeda em que o meio de pagamento estrangeiro passa a ser utilizado também em trocas envolvendo apenas indivíduos domésticos. Daí se seguem importantes mudanças de preços relativos e novas condições sobre a condução da política monetária.
Most works on currency substitution finds the origin of this phenomenon at the difference of money prices inflation between two currencies. However, there is a remaining issue. It is necessary to study the relation between the degree of commercial integration and the currency substitution process. In accordance to this need, the purpose of this dissertation consists in analyzing the impacts upon national currency demand due to a process of commercial integration, focusing on the transactional demand for money. To accomplish that, two open economy dynamic general equilibrium with decentralized exchanges (search) models are developed. According to the results, high levels of commercial integration may start a process where the foreign currency is used as a medium-of-exchange for trades between domestic agents. Moreover, there are important relative prices changes and relevant consequences upon monetary policy making.

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Kait, Thomas C. "Are commercial ports in the continental U.S. capable of supporting military sealift requirements in event of a major theater war or other major contingency?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA379077.

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Awobusuyi, Tolulope David. "Concentration of Ammonium from Dilute Aqueous Solutions using Commercially Available Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34642.

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Several commercially available reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were characterized with aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate, potassium triphosphate, and mixtures of these two salts at different feed concentrations, compositions and pressures. The objective of this study was to investigate the rejection of these solutes, in particular the ammonium ion (NH4+), by different RO membranes. The aqueous solutions were assumed to come from an anaerobic digester via a process, currently under investigation by CHFour Biogas Inc., to maintain low concentrations of ammonia in the digester in order to maximize the biogas production. The ammonium ions present in the liquid produced from the process are then concentrated using membrane separation. The concentrated ammonium solution would be a valuable fertilizer that could be used by agriculture. The membranes were characterized with three models: the solution-diffusion model, the Kedem-Katchalsky model, also known as the irreversible thermodynamics model, and the Donnan Steric Pore Model (DSPM). The solution-diffusion and irreversible thermodynamics models were found to be inadequate for proper membrane characterization and the use of the DSPM model yielded membrane properties in good agreement with those found in already existing literature. The pore radius of investigated membranes ranged from 0.39 to 0.51 nm. The effect of pH on membrane surface charge was also studied, with the conclusion that increases in pH led to increasingly negative surface charges. This affected the transport of individual ions through the membrane due to preferential passage of the counter-ions. The effects of applied pressure on the stoichiometric nature of salt rejections were also studied. The minimal observed rejection from the range of experiments carried out using ammonium sulfate was 93%Non-stoichiometric rejections of ions were also observed in the experiments with single and multiple solutes. Furthermore, the rejection of ammonium ions in the presence of other ions (K+, SO42-, PO43-) increased as feed concentration increased, which was a result of the synergistic effects of feed pH and ionic interactions. The minimum NH4+ rejection in the presence of other ions was 95.4%, which suitability using RO membranes for concentration of ammonium from dilute aqueous solutions.

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Tablante, Léopoldo. "Salsa : évolution commerciale d'une musique populaire : Du barrio latino à l'industrie multinationale du disque." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131004.

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L'objet d'étude de cette thèses est la musique salsa en tant que marchandise culturelle représentant un style de vie urbaine des Carai͏̈bes hispaniques. L'hypothèse est que la salsa a eu du succès commercial sur le marché de la musique latino-afro-carai͏̈béenne parce qu'elle a rassemblé et systématisé dans une esthétique musicale et de spectacle les traits du style de vie d'une réalité urbaine très singulière, celle du barrio latino. Cette réflexion a été élaborée en quatre sections : la première section s'attache à comprendre le processus de formation de l'espace social qui inspire les contenus de la salsa, c'est à dire le barrio; la deuxième examine les premières démarches de commercialisation de la musique latino-afro-carai͏̈béenne dans New York des années quarante, cinquante et soixante; dans la troisième section nous analysons les contenus de la salsa à partir des années soixante-dix (les éléments qu'elle a tirés des tendances de la mode urbaine, son esthétique musicale fondatrice et ses paroles); dans la quatrième section nous menons une analyse économique approfondie de la salsa depuis 1972 jusqu'en 1999. . .

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Crafter, S. A. "Factors affecting sow and gilt efficiency in commercial piggeries in Zambia : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for admission to the degree of Master of Agricultural Science of the University of Adelaide." Title page, contents and summary, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ac8846.pdf.

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Questionnaires (Survey into the commercial pig industry of Zambia covering the 1983-1984 financial year ; Sow card survey ; and, Abbatoir survey form) included as appendices in pocket in back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-251) The research looked for simple answers to simple problems in the Zambian commercial pig industry. Due to logistical difficulties of working in a developing country it was designed to be a project that could be carried out in the third world and which did not involve reliance on sophisticated machinery or techniques.

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Daǧǧānī, Aḥmad Ṣidqī al. "L'aménagement des ports du Maroc : leur rôle dans les relations commerciales du Maroc et de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10157.

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L'étude des relations commerciales entre les ports du Maroc et la région Nord Pas-de-Calais, a montré que les produits qu'échange le Maroc avec la région Nord Pas-de-Calais passe par deux ports l'un marocain qui est Casa et l'autre nordiste Dunkerque, qui représente 95% du trafic Nord Pas-de-Calais avec le Maroc, et que ce port exporte à destination du Maroc des produits coûteux et importe des produits de faible valeur (minerais, agrumes, primeurs. . . ). Ce port est fortement concurrencé par les ports français et européens, la meilleur preuve est que 22,3% du trafic entre le Maroc et les ports du Nord Pas-de-Calais passe par les ports étrangers. L'étude des types de conditionnement entre les deux destinations a montré que le trafic routier a représenté 50% du trafic globale et que ce type de trafic ne cesse pas de se développer entre les deux destinations, car le routier a l'avantage sur le conteneur pour différentes raisons. La remorque ne suit pas beaucoup de manipulation, son dédouanement n'exige pas beaucoup de temps, en plus le routier ne demande pas plusieurs infrastructures. Dans l'étude des relations entre les deux destinations, on a remarqué que les produits marocains qui quittent le Maroc a destination de la région de Nord Pas-de-Calais rencontrent une période très difficile après l'adhésion de l'Espagne et du Portugal a la C. E. E
The study of commercial relations between ports of morocco and the region of nordpas-de-calais, shows that the products that morocco exchanges with the region of nord-pas-de-calais goes through two ports : the one is morocan which is casa, the other is northern : "dunkerque" which represents 95% of the traffic of nordpas-de-calais with morocco and that port exports to morocco precious products and importants unworky products such as minerals and erlay vegetables. . . This port is in strong concureence with the french and other european ports. This is best manifested in that 22,3% of traffic between morocco and the ports of nord-pas-de-calais goes through foreing ports. The study of types of conditioning between the two destinations has shown that roll on traffic represents 50% of the entire traffic and that this type of traffic never ceases to develop between the two destinations because the rollon has advantage over the container in different reasons : the trailer does not follow much manipulation; its chearence does not require much time. Moreover, the roll-on does not demand much infrastructure. In the study of relations between the two destinations, we notice that the moroccan products which leave morocco to the region of nord-pas-de-calais meet a difficult period mainly after the joining of spain and portugal in the c. E. E.

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Guimarães, Paulo Diogo Xavier de Castro. "Estrutura e dinâmica das organizações desportivas-análise da estrutura e dinâmica do Futebol Clube do Porto." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29066.

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Pilipili, Matadi Bramy. "Etude des mécanismes de vieillissement des batteries Li-ion en cyclage à basse température et en stockage à haute température : compréhension des origines et modélisation du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI118/document.

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Afin d'approfondir la compréhension des mécanismes de vieillissement des batteries Li-ion, des analyses post-mortem ont été effectuées sur des cellules commerciales Li-ion C/NMC. Ces autopsies ont révélé des dégradations inattendues qui remettent en question les connaissances actuelles sur les mécanismes de vieillissement de ces cellules. Ainsi, il semble que la réaction parasite des dépôts de Li métallique sur l'électrode en graphite, actuellement associée dans la littérature à des charges à basses températures et / ou à courants élevés, aurait diverses origines selon la chimie et les conditions d'utilisation de la batterie. Dans ce travail de thèse, des dépôts locaux de Li métallique ont été observés sur des cellules vieillies en calendaire à haute température. Paradoxalement, dans des conditions de cyclage à basse température, ce dépôt de Li métallique a résulté de la perte de porosité au niveau de l’électrode négative. Par ailleurs, un modèle de vieillissement semi-empirique, prenant compte les pertes en cyclage ainsi que celles causées par la croissance de la SEI et la polymérisation du biphényl, est proposé. Pour finir, une méthode d'identification des modes de dégradation grâce à des mesures de capacité incrémentale a été entreprise, sur la base du décalage des potentiels de chacune des électrodes
In order to deepen the understanding of the aging mechanisms of Li-ion batteries, post-mortem investigations were performed on C/NMC Li-ion commercial cells. These autopsies revealed unexpected degradations that question current knowledge about the aging mechanisms of these cells. Thus, it appears that the parasitic reaction of Li metal depositions on the graphite electrode, nowadays associated in the literature with charging at low temperature and / or high C-rates, would have various origins depending on the chemistry and conditions of use of the battery. In this thesis work, local Li deposits were observed on cells aged in calendar at high temperatures, due to the apparition of dry areas. Paradoxically, under low temperature cycling conditions, this Li resulted from anode porosity hindrance. Besides, a semi-empirical aging model, taking into account cycling losses as well as those caused by the SEI growth and the biphenyl polymerization, is proposed. Finally, a method of identifying degradation modes using incremental capacity measurements has been undertaken, based on the potential shifts of each of the electrodes

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Giguere, Monique A. "The Economics of Partial Artemia Replacement Using Two Commercially Available Feeds in the Diets of Litopenaeus vannamei from Z3/M1 – PL10." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/289.

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The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to identify commercially available feeds that could serve as suitable replacements for newly hatched Artemia in the diets of L. vannamei from Z3/M1 to PL10 without significantly affecting survival, final length and weight, and quality of the larvae and 2) to identify an ideal substitution rate between live Artemia and a replacement feed that maximizes feed and labor costs savings, survival, and PL quality. In Experiment 1, two commercially available Artemia replacement feeds, Zeigler EZ Artemia and Bernaqua Vitellus, were administered according to manufacturer’s guidelines in order to identify which feed served as a more suitable replacement diet. In Experiment 2, the more successful feed from Experiment 1 was administered in three different co-feeding strategies, in which the inert feed replaced a certain percentage of live Artemia. Mean percent survival was not significantly different between the Control, EZ Artemia, and Vitellus treatment groups in Experiment 1 (P<0.05). Both the EZ Artemia and Vitellus treatments yielded significantly different final mean lengths (mm) and weights (mg) from the Control group. The Vitellus feed results for all performance factors (mean percent survival, final length (mm), final weight (mg), and percent stress test mortality) were not significantly different than those of the EZ Artemia treatment, despite receiving no Artemia during the culture period, while the EZ Artemia treatment received 75% Artemia from PL5-PL10. For these reasons, the Vitellus feed was selected as the more successful feed in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, there was no significant difference between the four treatment groups (Control, V50, V100/50, and V100/75) for mean percent survival and percent stress test mortality (P<0.05). The V100/50 and V100/75 treatments’ mean final lengths (mm) and weights (mg) were significantly different than those of the Control treatment. There were no significant differences between the V50, V100/50, and V100/75 treatments for any of the observed performance factors. These results indicate that the maximum substitution rate of Vitellus for Artemia in this experiment (the V100/75 treatment) was successful in replacing 84.33% of newly hatched Artemia in the larval culture of L. vannamei from Z3/M1-PL10 without resulting in significantly different survival and stress test mortalities compared to the Control group. Feeding schedules such as V100/75 treatment help streamline production efforts in commercial operations and result in increased production cost savings when compared to other replacement feeding schedules that begin in the early mysis stages. The V100/75 feeding schedule influences variable feed and labor costs the greatest because farmers are able to delay the culturing of Artemia an additional 7 days (until PL5) from what is typically performed in larviculture facilities.

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Struhařová, Michaela. "Zvuková postprodukce v oblasti reklamy a filmu, případová studie firmy Studio Beep s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199246.

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Main topic of this thesis is description of sound post production in advertising and in the film film industry and making case study of company Studio Beep s.r.o. First aim of this thesis is describe as clearly as possible the theory of sound and sound post production in advertising and in film industry and also show specifics accompanying production of sound in each discipline. The theoretical part contains basic overview about history of sound, sound dramaturgy and about general principles of sound post production. Second aim is practical description of this issue on specific advertising and film projects, which were realized in Studio Beep s.r.o. Practical description helps us with understanding whole issue and with complementing the theoretical part.

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Santos, Ronaldo Antônio dos. "Desenvolvimento de um lisímetro móvel de pesagem e análise da demanda hídrica e de nutrientes na produção de porta-enxerto cítrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-20092006-165751/.

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Considerando o sistema atual de produção de mudas cítricas, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de irrigação e fertirrigação sobre o crescimento do porta-enxerto citrumelo 'Swingle' (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata), propondo modelos matemáticos para se descrever estas interações, e desenvolver, construir e analisar a performance de dois lisímetros móveis de pesagem, utilizando-se célula de carga confeccionada com cilindro hidráulico em um e diafragma no outro. A primeira fase deste trabalho foi realizada utilizando-se porta-enxertos cultivados em container com substrato, sob condições de ambiente protegido, em um viveiro comercial situado no município paulista de Rio Claro. Utilizou-se o delineamento balanceado para vizinhança, composto por oito blocos, cada um com quatro linhas e quatro colunas, constituído-se 16 tratamentos, através da combinação de dois fatores, irrigação e fertirrigação. Foram avaliados os efeitos de níveis de irrigação e nutrientes sobre a taxa de crescimento relativo do porta-enxerto. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitiram concluir que o volume total de água de 9,838L.planta-1, distribuídos ao longo dos 71 dias, e o fornecimento de (mg.planta-1) 468,6 de NO3, 20,9 de N-NH4, 49,5 de P, 358,7 de K, 361,6 de Ca, 64,2 de Mg, 2,59 de Cu, 3,93 de Zn, 3,93 de Mn, 16,49 de Fe e 0,05 de Mo, parcelado em 21 fertirrigações, promoveram a maior precocidade de formação do porta-enxerto, quando comparados aos demais níveis. Os modelos matemáticos TCRD = 0,004636316 + 0,00001313791L - 0,00001160437N e TCRA = 0,03357119 + 0,00002852342L - 0,0007466065N + 0,000007850791N2 - 0,00000002718364N3, foram validados, sento TCRD e TCRA a taxa de crescimento relativo, em função do diâmetro e altura do caule, respectivamente, L e N uma porcentagem da quantidade de água e nutrientes, a ser aplicada, respectivamente. A segunda fase deste trabalho foi realizada no Departamento de Engenharia Rural, pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba, SP. A solução encontrada para se viabilizar a lisimetria em casa de vegetação, com grupos de plantas muito heterogêneos, foi o emprego de uma estrutura móvel capaz de pesar, isoladamente, vários Contentores de Mudas. O número de contentores seria diretamente proporcional ao número de variedades cultivadas e estádio de desenvolvimento, enquanto que o número de estruturas móveis de pesagem seria função do número de contentores a ser pesado em um dado período. Concluiu-se neste trabalho que o lisímetro com cilindro hidráulico apresentou um desempenho insatisfatório, devido à detecção de histerese e lentidão de resposta. Todavia, o emprego de um diafragma proporcionou um desempenho superior ao do cilindro hidráulico, resultando na equação matemática V=0,0178.LR, onde V é o volume de água (L.planta-1) e LR é a leitura piezométrica (mm). Esta equação apresentou um r2 de 0,9971, indicando a excelente precisão do equipamento. Com um r2 de 0,9975, originado da regressão entre o volume estimado e volume real, e um índice de Concordância (d) de 0,99926, o lisímetro apresentou excelente acurácia, com resolução de 0,45mm de lâmina de água. Sua mobilidade permitiu o livre deslocamento entre bancadas de mudas, exigindo um único operador. O custo total estimado de construção de cada lisímetro foi de US$1.108,54.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different levels of irrigation and fertirrigation on the growth of the citrumelo Swingle (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) rootstock, establishing mathematical models to describe these interactions and develop, construct and evaluate the performance of two movable weighing lysimeter, applying a hydraulic load cell made of hydraulical cylinder and diaphragm. The first trial studied the vegetative growth of containerized citrus rootstock, in a commercial screenhouse situated in Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment used the neighbor balanced design, composition of eight blocks, each one with four lines and four columns, consisting of 16 treatments, through the combination of two factors: irrigation and fertirrigação. The effect of irrigation and nutrients levels on the relative growth rate of rootstock was evaluated. The results showed that the water total of 9.838L/plant, distributed in 71 days, and the supply of (mg/plant) 468.6NO3, 20.9NNH4, 49.5P, 358.7K, 361.6Ca, 64.2Mg, 2.59Cu, 3.93Zn, 3.93Mn, 16.49Fe e 0.05Mo, split application in 21 fertirrigation, promoted the precocity growth of rootstock, when compared with the other levels. The mathematical models was been validated, resulting in: TCRD = 0,004636316 + 0,00001313791L - 0,00001160437N and TCRA = 0,03357119 + 0,00002852342L - 0,0007466065N + 0,000007850791N2 - 0,00000002718364N3 with TCRD and TCRA being the relative growth rate as a function of diameter and height, respectively, L and N were the percentage of the amount of water and nutrients applied, respectively. The second trial was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, at the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - ESALQ/USP, in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The solution was to make a feasible use of lysimeter in actual citrus nursery production system in screenhouse, with high heterogeneous group of plants, was to use a movable structure, able to weight several containers of seedlings, sequentially. The number of container was function of number of varieties and development stage. The number of weighing structure was a function of the number of containers. From results, it was concluded that lysimeter with hydraulical cylinder presented an unsatisfactory performance, due to hysteresis and slowness of reply. However, the lysimeter with diaphragm presented a good performance, providing the mathematic equation V=0.0178LR, where V is the volume of water (L/plant) and LR is the piezometric reading (mm). The determination coefficient (r2,) was 0.9971, indicating an excellent adjustment of equipment. A regression between estimated and real volume, provide a r2 of 0.9975 and Concordance Index (d) of 0.99926, indicated a excellent accuracy, with 0.45mm water depth resolution. The mobility of equipment allowed free movement between nursery benches, with just one operator. Total construction cost was US$1,108.54, for each lysimeter.

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Lachance, Patrick. "L'influence du porte-parole publicitaire sur son récepteur : une étude basée sur le modèle de la probabilité d'élaboration." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23609/23609.pdf.

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Tribst, Alline Artigiani Lima 1983. "Effects of high pressure homogenization in the activity and stability of commercial enzymes = Efeito da homogeneização à alta pressão na atividade e estabilidade de enzimas." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254195.

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Orientador: Marcelo Cristianini
Texto em português e inglês
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A homogeneização à alta pressão (HAP) é uma operação unitária capaz de alterar a conformação e, consequentemente a funcionalidade de polissacarídeos,proteínas e enzimas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da HAP na atividade e estabilidade de cinco enzimas comerciais com aplicação na indústria de alimentos (x-amilase de Aspergillus niger, protease neutra de Bacillus subtilis, b-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces lactis, amiloglicosidase de A. niger e glicose oxidase de A. niger). Para cada enzima, a atividade foi avaliada antes e após a HAP (até 200 MPa) em diferentes temperaturas e pH. Além disso, a reversibilidade dos efeitos do processo foi determinada indiretamente através da medida de atividade da enzima após um período de repouso. Os resultados de x-amilase demonstraram que a enzima é altamente estável ao processo de HAP (em pressões de até 150 MPa), independentemente do pH e temperatura de processo e da ausência de cálcio no tampão de diluição da enzima. Os resultados da b-galactosidase, por outro lado, mostraram que a enzima é pouco estável, apresentando redução da atividade (~30%) após HAP a 150 MPa quando processadas em pH não ótimo para atividade da enzima. Os resultados obtidos para a protease neutra, amiloglicosidase e glicose oxidase indicaram que o efeito da HAP foi dependente dos parâmetros utilizados no processo (pH, temperatura e pressão de homogeneização) e das condições utilizadas na medida de atividade (pH, temperatura e tempo de estocagem). Para estas três enzimas, significativos ganhos de atividade e/ou estabilidade foram observados para pelo menos uma das condições avaliadas, sendo que os mais importantes foram: (i) redução da temperatura ótima de atividade da protease neutra de 55 para 20ºC após HAP a 200 MPa, (ii) aumento da atividade da glicose-oxidase à 75ºC após HAP a 150 MPa, (iii) aumento da atividade residual entre 100 e 400% após armazenamento refrigerado de glicose-oxidase homogeneizada em diferentes pressões, (iv) aumento da atividade de amiloglicosidase à 80ºC após a HAP a 100 MPa. A reversibilidade das alterações observadas foi inferida pela avaliação da atividade da enzima após um período de repouso, sendo as alterações determinadas como reversíveis (protease neutra, glicose-oxidase, amiloglicosidase) ou irreversíveis (protease neutra, glicose-oxidase, b-galactosidase) em função dos parâmetros de processo. O efeito de processamentos sequenciais sobre a glicose oxidase, a protease e a amiloglicosidase também foi avaliado e os resultados demonstraram que, para a maioria das condições estudadas, a atividade da enzima se manteve igual à obtida após o primeiro ciclo de homogeneização ou apresentou uma redução. Uma exceção foram os resultados da glicose oxidase homogeneizada a 150 MPa por 3 vezes, que apresentou aumento de atividade de aproximadamente 150% em relação à enzima nativa. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que o efeito da HAP é diferente para cada enzima e que as maiores alterações ocorrem em condições de atividade não ótima e para enzimas de estruturas mais complexas, como é o caso da glicose oxidase. Os resultados obtidos apresentam aplicação direta, para modificação e melhoria do desempenho de enzimas comerciais, e preenchem uma lacuna científica importante sobre o conhecimento dos efeitos do processo de HAP em enzimas
Abstract: High pressure homogenization (HPH) is a unitary operation capable to alter the conformation and, consequently, the functionality of polyssacharides, proteins and enzymes. This work aimed to study the HPH effects on activity and stability of five commercial enzymes intensively applied in food industry (x-amylase from Aspergillus niger, b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis, neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis, amyloglucosidase from A. niger and glucose-oxidase from A. niger). The activity of each enzyme was studied before and after HPH process (up to 200 MPa) at different temperatures and pH. Moreover, the process reversibility was indirectly determined by the activity measured after a rest period under refrigeration (8ºC).The results revealed that x-amylase was highly stable to HPH up to 150 MPa,independent on the pH or temperature used in the HPH process or the presence of calcium in buffer. On the other hand, the results of b-galactosidase indicated that enzyme was partially inactivated (~ 30%) after homogenization at 150 MPa when processed at non optimum pH. The HPH effects on neutral protease, amyloglucosidase (AMG) and glucose oxidase (GO) were dependent on the process parameters (pH, temperature and homogenization conditions) and the activity measurement conditions (pH, temperature and storage time). For these enzymes, it was observed activity and/or stability improvement after some process. The main improvements were: (i) change of the optimum temperature of neutral protease from 55 to 20ºC after HPH at 200 MPa, (ii) improvement of GO activity at 75ºC after HPH at 150 MPa, (iii) enzyme activity improvement between 100 and 400% after GO refrigerated storage, (iv) improvement on amyloglucosidase activity at 80ºC after HPH at 100 MPa. The reversibility of the HPH effects was evaluated after a rest period.The reversibility was dependent on the process parameters; but, in general, neutral protease, GO and AMG were reversible, while the results of neutral protease, GO and b-galactosidase were irreversible. The effects of sequential homogenization processes (sequential passes) on GO, AMG and neutral protease were evaluated and the results showed that the enzyme activity remained equal or reduced after 2 or 3 cycles of homogenization. An exception was the result obtained for GO homogenized at 150 MPa, which showed an activity improvement of 150% after three passes. The results evaluation of this research showed that HPH effects on enzymes were different for each enzyme. The main alterations occured at non optimum condition of enzyme activity and for enzymes with complex structure as the GO. The obtained results can be directly applied for improvement of enzyme industrial production. Also, the results enriched the scientific knowledge about the HPH effects on enzymes
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutora em Tecnologia de Alimentos

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Massaccesi, Simone. "Progettazione e implementazione di un configuratore dei servizi di installazione nel settore dei macchinari per la lavorazione del legno." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17017/.

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L'elaborato espone il contributo del candidato nel processo di miglioramento della gestione delle richieste di installazione attraverso la progettazione e l’implementazione di un configuratore di servizi post-vendita, ovvero di una soluzione informatizzata in grado di modellare la complessità della rete service di SCM Group e dei vincoli posti dal mercato. Nell’elaborato di tesi si approfondiscono anche gli aspetti del Project Management che sono stati esaminati durante lo sviluppo del progetto. Il primo capitolo introduce l’azienda nella quale è stato svolto il progetto, fornendo una panoramica sulla storia e i prodotti sviluppati. Il secondo capitolo presenta l’organizzazione della divisione SCM Legno, ponendo particolare attenzione alla divisione Service Mercati. Nel terzo, quarto e quinto capitolo si entra nel merito del progetto “listino installazione” definendo le criticità, gli obiettivi, le fasi e le responsabilità di gestione del progetto. Gli ultimi capitoli, il sesto e il settimo, riguardano la progettazione e l’implementazione del configuratore fornendo i dettagli sul processo di calcolo del costo. Il configuratore Commerciale è un programma custom sviluppato dal reparto IT di SCM che racchiude tutte le informazioni della vendita. Sulla base delle informazione che definiscono quale modello di macchina – con eventuali opzionali e accessori – è stato scelto dal cliente, il programma genera, tramite dei listini che contengo i relativi costi, il costo per SCM (il valore monetario che l’azienda sostiene per la realizzazione fisica della macchina) e il prezzo finale per il cliente (costo più guadagno). Il configuratore Commerciale, quindi, determina il costo e il prezzo della macchina fisica; mentre il configuratore per la gestione dei servizi di installazione – seguendo la stessa logica del commerciale – determina il costo e il prezzo dell’installazione, degli eventuali servizi aggiuntivi e del viaggio. La tesi si chiude con le conclusioni.

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Mascarenhas, Yoná Serpa. "Diagnose por subtração de nutrientes em mudas de tomate para processamento industrial." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4064.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The objective of the study was to identify and describe the visual symptoms in seedlings of tomato processing, stemming from lack of macro and micronutrients and determine biometric attributes that stage. For this, using two hybrid (N901 and H9553) conducted an experiment in a agricultural greenhouse, in randomized complete block and in factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments are composed of fourteen nutrient solutions as follows : full/control and the solutions with omitting isolated nutrients (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn) and only deionized water. Held sowing in trays with substrates for later transplanting for phenolic foam. Daily treatments to be applied and/or deionized water solutions. For 30 days of experiment was realized the analysis and records the evolution of nutritional deficiency symptoms. The results showed that the omission of isolated nutrient committed to quality seedlings, leading to morphological changes. The first symptoms developed on seedlings grown under omission, N and deionized water, Fe and Ca, respectively. The dry mass decreased in all treatments, except in the absence of B, with the following order of reduction: deionized water = N > Ca > K = P = S = Fe > Mg = Mn = Mo > Complete = Cu = Zn > B. These results are different from those found in the literature of adult plants. There was not interaction between the solutions and the hybrids, however the H9553 was more sensitive to nutritional deficiencies.
O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e descrever os sintomas visuais em mudas de tomate para processamento industrial, decorrentes da carência de macro e micronutrientes e determinar atributos biométricos nessa fase. Para isso, utilizando dois híbridos (N901 e H9553) foi conduzido um experimento em estufa agrícola, em blocos casualizados e arranjo fatorial com quatro repetições e quatorze soluções nutritivas configurando os tratamentos: completa/controle e as soluções com omissão isolada dos nutrientes (-N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S, -B, -Cu, -Fe, -Mn, -Mo, -Zn) e somente água deionizada. Realizou-se o semeio em bandejas com substratos para posterior transplantio para espuma fenólica. Diariamente aplicavam-se soluções tratamentos e/ou água deionizada. Durante 30 dias foram realizadas analises descritivas e registros da evolução dos sintomas de deficiência nutricional. Os resultados mostraram que a omissão isolada dos nutrientes comprometeu a qualidade das mudas, levando a alterações morfológicas. Os primeiros sintomas se manifestaram em plântulas cultivadas com omissão de N e água deionizada, Fe e Ca, nessa ordem. A fitomassa seca mostrou uma redução em todos os tratamentos, exceto sob ausência de B, apresentando a seguinte ordem de redução: água deionizada=N > Ca > P = K = S = Fe > Mg = Mn = Mo > Completa = Cu = Zn > B. Estes resultados diferem dos encontrados na literatura para plantas adultas. Não houve interação entre soluções e híbridos, porem o H9553, mostrou-se mais sensível às deficiências nutricionais.

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Relvas, Carlos Alberto Moura. "Processos de prototipagem rápida no fabrico de modelos de geometria complexa : Estudo realizado sobre o modelo anatómico da mão." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Engenharia, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30491.

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Relvas, Carlos Alberto Moura. "Processos de prototipagem rápida no fabrico de modelos de geometria complexa : Estudo realizado sobre o modelo anatómico da mão." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Engenharia, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/13395.

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Correa, Jorge Andrés. "Évaluation des impacts de la vitesse de croissance et du poids d'abattage des porcs commerciaux sur la composition de la carcasse et la qualité de la viande." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19298.

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Babka, Tomáš. "REVITALIZACE AREÁLU BÝVALÉHO ZAHRADNICTVÍ V MĚSTSKÉ ČÁSTI STARÁ LÍŠEŇ V BRNĚ." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316318.

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Diploma thesis brings a possible way of transformation of an old decaying garden centre into new residential and commercial quarter, connected with the surroundings fluently. Proposal interprets former industrial environment of the garden company and complete the nearest parts of the town by the well-structured and graded public space. Project restores the type of suburban market hall.

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