Relevant bibliographies by topics / COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE"

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Arzoumanidis, G. G., N. M. Karayannis, H. M. Khelghatian, and S. S. Lee. "Commercial polypropylene catalysts." Catalysis Today 13, no. 1 (March 1992): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(92)80187-r.

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BUKOWSKI, ANDRZEJ, and ВLANDYNA OSOWIECKA. "Developments in the commercial manufacture of polypropylene." Polimery 33, no. 02 (February 1988): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1988.041.

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Salvador, M. D., V. Amigó, M. J. Vidal, A. Ribes, and L. Contat. "Evaluation of chemical degradation of commercial polypropylene." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 143-144 (December 2003): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00343-1.

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Badini, Claudio, Oxana Ostrovskaya, Giulia Bernagozzi, Roberta Lanfranco, and Stefania Miranda. "Recycling of Polypropylene Recovered from a Composting Plant: Mechanical Behavior of Compounds with Virgin Plastic." Recycling 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling8040062.

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The recycling of polypropylene recovered from waste discarded by a composting plant was investigated. The recovery involved a sorting step carried out by means of an optical infrared separator and a subsequent washing treatment. This method of processing allowed us to obtain polypropylene that was only slightly contaminated by other polymeric and inorganic materials. As many tens of tons of polypropylene could be recovered every year in this plant, recycling could be convenient from the economic point of view and beneficial for the protection of the environment. In fact, the landfill of this waste could be reduced in this manner. A possible mechanical recycling route was developed for the recovered plastic. The recycling was carried out by pelletizing the recovered polypropylene, mixing it with a commercial polypropylene feedstock, and manufacturing items by injection molding. In this way, tensile specimens containing different amounts of recycled polypropylene were processed and tested. Their tensile features were compared with those of a commercial polypropylene that was used as a reference. The elastic modulus and tensile strength were slightly worsened when using the recycled plastic, while the strain at failure significantly increased. Nonetheless, the tensile properties of compounds made by mixing recycled and virgin polypropylene were consistent with the characteristics that are expected for polypropylene-based plastics.
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Marques, Maria de Fátima V., Mariana Poloponsky, and Érica Gervasoni Chaves. "Influence of the elastomeric polypropylene addition on the properties of commercial metallocenic polypropylene." Materials Research 4, no. 4 (October 2001): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392001000400006.

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Varga, J., A. Breining, G. W. Ehrenstein, and G. Bodor. "Injection Moulding of a Commercial β-Nucleated Polypropylene." International Polymer Processing 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1545.

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Cavatorta, Derek, Victoria Starczak, Kenneth Prada, and Michael Moore. "A note on the friction of different ropes in right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) baleen: an entanglement model." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i1.755.

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Entanglement in fishing gear, particularly fixed trap, constitutes a significant source of North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortality. Entanglements may initiate with rope fouling baleen plates before snagging other appendages. Low friction between rope and baleen may minimise the risk of a sustained, progressive entanglement. The friction of eight different rope types against right whale baleen was examined by measuring the tension as each rope was pulled through two baleen plates held underwater. Polypropylene rope generated less friction with the baleen than all other fibres tested, including nylon, polyester, and commercial sinking line (a polypropylene/polyester blend). Thus, new commercial floating line (3-strand polypropylene) generates less friction than new commercial sinking line, both of which are commonly used in the fixed gear industry. Therefore, minimising rope friction should be one of the design parameters for whale-safe fixed fishing gear. Further study is required on the impact of rope aging, mouth closing and operator safety before recommendations can be made to industry.
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Zhao, Xin Yi, Ke Zhao, and Pei Qin Sun. "Crystallization of Polypropylene Induced by the Aqueous Dispersion of Isotactic Polypropylene Wax." Applied Mechanics and Materials 692 (November 2014): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.255.

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The Polarized light microscope and DSC are used to study the influence of the nucleation agents’ type (The aqueous dispersion of isotactic polypropylene wax and the commercial nucleating agent TMB-5), nucleating agents’ content on the β-crystal content, melting points of α-crystal and β-crystal are studied in the paper. The difference of their capacities of inducing the crystallization of polypropylene are compared and analyzed. The foundation of the treatment of the aqueous dispersions of isotactic polypropylene wax on the reinforcements to induce crystallization on the surfaces of the reinforcements is laid.
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Salis, Andrea, Enrico Sanjust, Vincenzo Solinas, and Maura Monduzzi. "Commercial lipase immobilization on Accurel MP 1004 porous polypropylene." Biocatalysis and Biotransformation 23, no. 5 (January 2005): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242420500296337.

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Cardoso, Renata S., Vinicius O. Aguiar, and Maria de Fátima V. Marques. "Masterbatches of polypropylene/clay obtained by in situ polymerization and melt-blended with commercial polypropylene." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 25 (January 24, 2017): 3547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317690444.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE"

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Gupta, Murari Lal. "Development of commercial, sustainable processes for dyeing generic, unmodified polypropylene fiber." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26643.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Cook, Fred; Committee Member: Beckham, Haskell; Committee Member: Bottomley, Lawrence; Committee Member: Carr, Wallace; Committee Member: Etters, Nolan. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Botha, Linda. "The effect of in-process ethylene incorporation on the evolution of particle morphology and molecular characteristics of commercial heterophasic ethylene propylene copolymers (HEPCs)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86532.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Impact copolymers or heterophasic polypropylene-ethylene-co-propylene copolymers (HEPCs) commonly produced in industry are valued for their good mechanical properties, combining the rigidity of the polypropylene matrix with the toughness of the dispersed ethylene-propylene copolymer. The potential for further optimisation and tailoring of product properties can be realised through an improved understanding of how the copolymer phase produced in the second reactor develops with increasing ethylene incorporation, providing an intermediate link between predicted physical behaviour and the process parameters required to achieve this. To this end, the morphological development of heterophasic or impact copolymers, has been a topic of interest of many studies to date, yet due to the complexity of these polymers, there is still some uncertainty with regards to the mechanism of copolymer growth as well as the structure-function relationships that exist. These studies were limited either due to the use of autoclave products or final impact copolymer products obtained from industry. The work presented in this study was aimed at understanding how the nascent copolymer phase develops during a transition from homopolymer to the final copolymer. This was done by selecting samples at certain intervals from two different commercial gas-phase processes, yielding two sets of four samples, each with a range of increasing ethylene contents. These samples provided the unique opportunity to study the early development of copolymer in a sequential manner (as each sample builds on the morphology of the previous one). The morphological development of copolymer in these samples was investigated by high resolution FE-SEM and it was observed that the copolymers showed different degrees of internal and external distribution as well as porosity for the different sets, determined by the initial porosity of the homopolymer. It was also found that the copolymer was radially distributed throughout the particle in all instances, suggesting that ethylene monomer diffusion limitations did not play a significant role in the copolymerization process. A further aim of the study was to determine the effect of ethylene incorporation on bulk sample crystallinity, microstructure and chemical composition. It was observed by SCALLS and TREF that increasing ethylene incorporation attenuated the crystallinity of the homopolymer, resulting in a distribution of components with different crystallinities within the samples, suggesting some interaction between the developing copolymer and existing homopolymer. During the microstructural development of these samples, longer or more blocky ethylene sequences seemed to be favoured above isolated ethylene sequences with increasing ethylene incorporation and it was shown by solid-state NMR that ethylene partitioning between both amorphous and rigid environments occurred. Detailed characterization (solution and solid-state 13C NMR, HT-SEC and HT-HPLC) of the semi-crystalline copolymer fractions provided some information on the development of microstructure and chemical composition in these fractions that are responsible for compatibilization between the homopolymer matrix and dispersed rubber phase. Based on the different observations from the investigations outlined above, a model for copolymer development in each set was proposed and related to the physical property development observed for these samples.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die impak-kopolimere – ook bekend as heterofase polipropileen-etileen-kopropileen kopolimere (HEPC’s) – wat tans in die bedryf vervaardig word, is bekend vir hul goeie meganiese eienskappe, naamlik om die styfheid van ’n polipropileenmatriks met die sterkte van ’n etileen-propileen kopolimeer, wat in die matriks versprei is, te kombineer. Die potensiaal vir die optimisering en pasmaak van produkeienskappe kan bewerkstellig word deur beter begrip ten opsigte van hoe die kopolimeerfase wat in die tweede reaktor vervaardig word, ontwikkel as gevolg van toenemende inkorporasie van etileen, en hoe dit ’n skakel skep tussen voorspelbare fisiese gedrag en die prosesparameters wat nodig is hiervoor. Tot datum het heelparty studies gefokus op die morfologiese ontwikkeling van heterofase of impak-kopolimere, maar as gevolg van die komplekse aard van hierdie polimere is daar nog steeds onsekerheid oor die meganisme van kopolimeerontwikkeling, asook die verwantskappe tussen die polimeerstruktuur en -funksie. Sodanige studies was beperk omdat óf outoklaafprodukte óf finale produkte van industriële prosesse gebruik is. Die doel van hierdie studie was om begrip te kry vir hoe die kopolimeerfase ontwikkel tydens ’n oorgang van homopolimeer tot die finale produk. Hiervoor is twee stelle van vier monsters met toenemende etileeninhoude tydens die oorgang in twee verskillende gasfaseprosesse verkry. Hierdie monsters het die unieke geleentheid gebied vir die opvolgende bestudering van die vroeë ontwikkeling van die kopolimeer, deurdat elke monster voortgebou het op die morfologie van die vorige monster. Die morfologiese ontwikkeling van die kopolimeer is ondersoek deur van hoëresolusie FE-SEM gebruik te maak. Verskillende wyses van interne en eksterne verspreiding, sowel as porositeit van die onderskeie stelle (soos bepaal deur die aanvanklike porositeit van die homopolimeer), is vir die verskillende prosesse waargeneem. Daar is ook waargeneem dat die kopolimeer in alle gevalle op verskeie straalposisies binne die partikel versprei is, waarvan afgelei kan word dat monomeerdiffusiebeperking nie ’n beduidende rol in die kopolimerisasieproses speel nie. ’n Verdere doel van hierdie studie was om die uitwerking van etileen-inkorporasie op die kristalliniteit, mikrostruktuur en chemiese samestelling van die polimeer te bepaal. Deur middel van SCALLS en TREF is bevind dat toenemende etileen-inkorporasie die kristalliniteit van die homopolimeer verswak het. Die gevolg was die vorming van ’n verskeidenheid komponente met verskillende kristalliniteite, wat dui op ’n interaksie tussen die groeiende kopolimeer en die bestaande homopolimeer. Tydens die ontwikkeling van die mikrostruktuur van die monsters het dit geblyk dat lang, opeenvolgende etileeneenhede tydens toenemende etileen-inkorporasie vinniger ontwikkel as afgesonderde etileen- en propileeneenhede. Deur middel van soliedefase-KMR is daar bewys dat die etileen in beide amorfe en kristalagtige areas versprei is. Die semi-kristallyne kopolimere wat deur TREF verkry is, is verder gekarakteriseer met behulp van KMR in oplossing sowel as die soliede fase, HT-SEC en HT-HPLC, wat meer inligting verskaf oor die ontwikkeling van die mikrostruktuur en chemiese samestelling van hierdie fraksies wat normaalweg verantwoordelik is vir die interaksies tussen die homopolimeermatriks en die verspreide rubberfase. Op grond van die waarnemings soos hierbo vermeld, word ’n model vir die kopolimeerfase-ontwikkeling van elke stel monsters in hierdie studie voorgestel en verbind met die ontwikkeling van die waargenome fisiese eienskappe.
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Ribeiro, Kairin Cristine. "OBTENÇÃO DE COMPOSTOS DE POLIPROPILENO COM PECTINA CÍTRICA." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1458.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kairin Ribeiro.pdf: 6162677 bytes, checksum: 0f20c9db1f4680a94411d055fb3f2d62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Researches based on the mixture of synthetic with natural polymers have intensified in recent times. The idea of using polysaccharides nano or micro level with polyolefins is the new of this work. Three compositions of polypropylene and commercial citrus pectin was prepared in proportions of 1, 3 and 5%. A coupling agent was used, the graphitized polypropylene with maleic anhydride to advance interaction between natural and synthetic particles. The obtaining of particles in nanometric scale pectin was made from colloid mill grinding. Some particles arrived near 100nm and majority the particles reached scales around 300nm. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated an interaction between maleic anhydride and pectin despite clusters of hydrophilic particles that were seen by scanning electron microscopy In the X-ray diffraction, the presence of crystals of sugars were detected. These crystals may have caramelized because processing temperatures are close to 200 C and were detected by colorimetry. Based on the mechanical data, it is possible realize that pectin had a plasticizing effect on the synthetic polymer, corroborating the rheological data and thermogravimetric tests, considering that the addition of higher amount of particles produces more thermal stability of the synthetic polymer.
Os estudos baseados na mistura de polímeros sintéticos com polímeros naturais têm se intensificado nos últimos tempos. A ideia de usar polissacarídeos em nano ou micro escala junto com poliolefinas é a novidade deste trabalho. Foram preparadas três composições de polipropileno e pectina cítrica comercial em proporções de 1, 3 e 5%. Foi utilizado um agente compatibilizante, o polipropileno grafitizado com anidrido maleico para favorecer a interação entre partículas naturais e as sintéticas. A obtenção de partículas em escala nanométricas de pectina foi feita partir de moagem em moinho coloidal e chegou próxima da faixa de 100nm, pois as partículas atingiram escalas em torno de 300nm. A análise estrutural feita por infravermelho e difração de raios-X demonstrou que houve interação entre o anidrido maleico e a pectina apesar dos aglomerados de partículas hidrofílicas que foram percebidos através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Também a partir dos dados de difração de raios-X, a presença de cristais de açúcares foram detectados, que por colorimetria podem ter se caralemizado devido temperaturas de processamento estarem próximas de 200ºC. A partir dos dados mecânicos, é possível perceber que a pectina teve um efeito plastificante no polímero sintético, corroborando com dados reológicos e com os testes termogravimétricos, considerando que quanto maior adição de partículas, maior a estabilidade térmica do polímero sintético.
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Navarat, Thoranit Leblanc Jean Léopold. "Etude rhéologique approfondie de deux familles de vulcanisats thermoplastiques commerciaux." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1025.pdf.

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Navarat, Thoranit. "Etude rhéologique approfondie de deux familles de vulcanisats thermoplastiques commerciaux." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1025.pdf.

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Deux familles de vulcanisats thermoplastiques (TPE) d'origine commerciale ont fait l'objet d'une étude rhéologique approfondie, dans les modes cisaillement stationnaire et harmonique, au moyen respectivement d'un rhéomètre capillaire et d'un rhéomètre torsionnel dynamique. Ces matériaux sont essentiellement des mélanges d'un élastomère vulcanisé sous cisaillement intense (vulcanisation dynamique) et dispersé dans une matrice polypropylène. Outre leur origine, les matériaux différaient par leur dureté, que des expériences d'extraction au xylène froid et bouillant ont révélé dépendre d'abord d'une teneur en huile et autres ingrédients extractibles, ensuite de la teneur en polypropylène. Une nouvelle méthode d'analyse des données de rhéométrie capil1aire a été utilisée, qui permet de corriger les résultats pour les pertes de charge à l'entrée des filières et de prendre en compte d'éventuels effets de compressibilité et de glissement à:la paroi, par ailleurs antagonistes. Cette analyse constitue une alternative aux méthodes classiques de Bagley et ae Mooney. Les fonctions de viscosité réelles ont été ainsi obtenues qui montrent pour certains grades au sein d'une même famille, une relation directe entre dureté et viscosité, alors que des grades de familles différentes, bien qu'ayant 20 points de dureté de différence, ont parfois des viscosités identiques. Si la dureté n'est pas connue pour avoir un lien direct avec la 'viscosité, ce résultat suggère des différences de morphologie complexe entre les deux familles de matériaux. Par ailleurs, les effets de glissement/compressibilité se révèlent plus marqués chez les TPV que pour les élastomères chargés traditionnels. Les comportements rhéologiques du PP et des TPV ont été comparés, en cisail1ement stationnaire et en mode oscillatoire. La rhéologie des TPV se révèle conforme à celle de nombreux systèmes polymères complexes, c'est-à-dire 1) réduction du domaine viscoélastique linéaire, d'autant plus grande que le rapport PP/EPDM est faible (et donc que la dureté est faible) ; 2) caractère rhéofluidifiant d'autant plus étendu que le rapport PP/EPDM est faible; 3) différences significatives entre la fonction de viscosité en cisaillement et les fonctions de viscosité en régime harmonique. Par conséquent, les égalités de Cox-Merz ne sont pas rencontrées par ces systèmes. L'effet de la température sur le module complexe et la viscosité est négligeable entre 180 et 220°C, ce qui est typique des vulcanisats thermoplastiques. Les deux familles de TPV étudiés présentent des comportements semblables de ce point de vue, en accord avec leur dureté, et donc leur composition, c'est-à-dire essentiellement le rapport PP/EPDM. Les résultats de rhéologie en régime harmonique sont donc cohérents avec ceux de la rhéométrie capillaire, si on garde à l'esprit la morphologie hétérogène des TPV
The rheological properties of two series of thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPE) of commercial origin were investigated in details, using either stationary shear or harmonic strain modes, with respectively a capillary rheometer and a torsional dynamic rheometer. These materials are essentially blends of an elastomer vulcanised under intense shear (so-called dynamic vulcanisation) and polypropylene, as dispersion matrix. Besides their origin, the materials investigated have different hardness, that was revealed, through xylene extraction experiments at roolll and boiling temperatures, to depend first on the content in oil and other extractible ingredients, secondly of the polypropylene level. A new data treatment method was applied to capillary rheometer results, which allows to correct for entrance pressure losses and to consider effects due to compressibility and wall slippage that are in fact antagonistic. This data treatment is an alternative to the classical methods of Bagley and Mooney. Real viscosity functions were obtained which show for certain grades in the same series, a direct relationship between hardness and viscosity, whilst grades of different families with some 20 points hardness difference, exhibit sometimes identical viscosities. If hardness is not known to have a direct link with viscosity, this result suggests that the two families of materials have very different complex morphologies. Ln addition, it was observed that slippage/compressibility effects are larger in TPV than in standard filled rubber compounds. The rheological behaviours of PP and TPV were compared in stationary shear and in harmonic strain mode. The rheology of TPV was found similar to the one of many complex polymer systems, i. E. 1) a significant decrease of the linear viscoelastic domain which is narrowing as the PP/EPDM ratio is decreasing (and hence as the hardness is decreasing); 2) a shear thinning character that increases as the PP/EPDM ratio is decreasing; 3) signifieant difference between the shear viscosity function and the harmonic viscosity functions. Consequently, the Cox-Merz equalities do not apply with such systems. The effect of temperature on the complex modulus and the viscosity is negligible between 180 and 220°C, a typical property of thermoplastic vulcanisates. Ln this respect, the two series of TPV investigated exhibit similar behaviours, in agreement with their hardness and hence their composition, i. E. Essentially the PP/EPDM ratio. Rheological results in harmonic mode are therefore coherent with capil1ary rheometer results, if the heterogeneous morphology ofTPV is kept in mind
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Kirk, Loren Madden, Paul O. Lewis, Yao Luu, and Stacy D. Brown. "Stability of Commercially Available Grape and Compounded Cherry Oral Vancomycin Preparations Stored in Syringes and Cups." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5312.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of two preparations of vancomycin oral solution in two different storage containers, capped amber oral-dosing syringes and heat-sealed oral-dosing cups, stored under refrigerated conditions. Commercially available grape-flavored vancomycin oral preparation and compounded vancomycin for intravenous use in cherry syrup oral preparation were divided into 5-mL aliquots into heat-sealed plastic dosing cups and capped oral-dosing syringes. All samples were stored under refrigeration (2°C to 8°C) and evaluated at days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. For each evaluation, samples were visually inspected and analyzed for potency using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection. Over the study period, at least 90% of the initial concentrations for the preparation and the product in both storage containers were retained at 60 days. The commercially available oral vancomycin further demonstrated stability within 90% out to 90 days in the syringe and the unit-dose cups. Visual inspection revealed no changes in the grape-flavored vancomycin oral preparation, but a detectable red-dye precipitate could be seen in the crevices of the dosing cups from the vancomycin in cherry syrup oral preparation after 60 days. Commercially available grape-flavored vancomycin oral preparation was stable up to 90 days, and com- pounded vancomycin for intravenous use in cherry syrup oral preparation maintained stability for 60 days when dispensed in capped amber polypropylene oral-dosing syringes and heat-sealed plastic dosing cups when stored at refrigerated conditions.
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ISLAM, EHTESHAMUL ISLAM. "BENCHMARKING STUDY OF VARIOUS COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE RAFFIA GRADES AVAILABLE IN INDIAN MARKET." Thesis, 2012. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/13907.

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M.TECH
Under this research work ten different commercially available polypropylene homopolymer Raffia grades were taken. The main objective of this study was to establish „Structure-Property-Performance‟ relationship. “Performance” refers to their processability and runnability at higher line speed (Extrusion Tape Line). Therefore, trial runs were conducted on these PP raffia grades in order to analyze their performances. It was found that some grades, namely, PP/R/R-036 & PP/R/H-031 run very well at higher line speeds of 415mt/min and 365mt/min respectively, when compared to other grades, namely, PP/R/I-071, PP/R/I-075 and PP/R/I-027. The major problems found with PP/R/I-071, PP/R/I-075 and PP/R/I-027 grades during the trial run were the tape breakage, higher power consumption, higher water carry-over etc. Therefore, to ascertain the root cause of the inferior performance of PP/R/I-071, PP/R/I-075 and PP/R/I-027 a detailed “Benchmarking” study on these PP-raffia grades, were undertaken. Each grade was characterized in detailed using MFI & MFR, Capillary Rheometer, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Oxygen Index Test, Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer, Dynamic Rotational Rheometer and HT-GPC techniques. On comparing the characteristics of these grades it was found that the PP/R/R-036 and PP/R/I-089 grades were having the good combination of higher modulus; low melt viscosity, higher melt elasticity and high crystallinity, than other grades, mainly due to the differences in various aspects such as high molecular weight tail, high and low molecular weight fractions at very low concentration, molecular weight distribution. Polypropylene raffia grades such as PP/R/R-036 and PP/R/I-089 have very limited high molecular weight tail with moderately broad molecular weight distribution. It is worth mentioning here that PP/R/I-075, PP/R/I-071 and PP/R/I-027 comparatively have very high molecular weight tail. These long molecular weight fractions will reduce the overall crystallinity by reducing the enthalpy. In addition to that, grades with comparatively broad molecular weight distribution have shown better processability and flowability. The presence of high molecular weight fractions at low concentration also play detrimental role during the orientation and annealing process, as in the case of PP/R/R-036 and PP/R/I-089 in the tape extrusion process.
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Book chapters on the topic "COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE"

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Utracki, L. A. "Polypropylene." In Commercial Polymer Blends, 254–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5789-0_15.

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Mirabella, Francis M. "Structure and Thermodynamic Aspects of Phase Segregation of Commercial Impact Polypropylene Copolymers." In New Advances in Polyolefins, 225–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2992-7_17.

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Hegde, Pramod K., and M. G. Manjunatha. "Efficient Extraction of Antioxidants and Lubricants from Commercial Polypropylene Pellets and Their Quantification Using HPLC." In Advances in Polymer Sciences and Technology, 211–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2568-7_18.

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Maier, Clive, and Teresa Calafut. "Morphology and Commercial Forms." In Polypropylene, 11–25. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420758-7.50007-2.

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DeLuca, Russ. "World Polypropylene Demand." In Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, 299–302. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420776-1.50039-9.

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Sura, Ravi K., Prashant Desai, and A. S. Abhiraman. "Melt Spinning of Syndiotactic Polypropylene." In Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, 177–82. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420776-1.50024-7.

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Rösch, J., and J. R. Grasmeder. "Transparent Metallocene-Polypropylene for Injection Molding." In Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, 147–52. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420776-1.50020-x.

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Supaphol, Pitt, and Joseph E. Spruiell. "Kinetics of Non-Isothermal Crystallization Syndiotactic Polypropylene." In Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, 263–73. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420776-1.50035-1.

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Gownder, Mohan. "Properties of Syndiotactic Polypropylene Fibers Produced from Melt Spinning." In Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, 167–75. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420776-1.50023-5.

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Wu, Oing, Benheng Xie, Meiran Xie, and Rui Chen. "Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Elastomeric Polypropylene With Half-Titanocene/MAO Catalysts." In Metallocene Technology in Commercial Applications, 9–15. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-188420776-1.50003-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "COMMERCIAL POLYPROPYLENE"

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Mahto, Kuldeepak, K. V. Balaji, Syamal Adhikari, and Jeevanandam R. "Polypropylene-Starch Blend for Automotive Application." In 8th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference & Exposition and Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress 2013 (SIMCOMVEC). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2904.

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Galvan-Chacon, Victor P., David Patrocinio, Maria Duarte-Leon, J. Blas Pagador, and Francisco Miguel Sanchez Margallo. "3D Printed vs. Commercial Polypropylene Surgical Meshes: a Comparative Analysis of Tensile Strength." In 2021 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb52898.2021.9657708.

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Batistella, Tauana, and André Canal Marques. "Viability production of filaments for 3D printing using recycled polypropylene." In ENSUS2023 - XI Encontro de Sustentabilidade em Projeto. Grupo de Pesquisa Virtuhab/UFSC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29183/2596-237x.ensus2023.v11.n2.p180-192.

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Due to the high consumption of polymeric materials, inadequate disposal, and lack of options after their useful life, recycling is necessary. The focus of this research was the mechanical recycling of polypropylene (PP) from yogurt containers. As an alternative to reusing and adding post-consumer value to this material, the objective was to evaluate the recycled material for the production of filaments for 3D printing. Several stages were carried out for this purpose, with this paper reporting on: physical-chemical analysis of melt flow index (MFI) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); filament manufacturing by extrusion; evaluation of filament homogeneity control; 3D printing of test specimens; tensile testing, and optical microscopy. The results were compared to the commercial PP raw material and a commercial filament. All stages of this research were successfully completed, demonstrating the feasibility of studies on the recycling of polypropylene.
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"Experimental and Numerical Study of the Mechanical Behavior of a Commercial Polypropylene Woven Fabric." In Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291838-79.

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Putra, Putri Humairah Monashofian, Shaifulazuar Rozali, Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah, and Aida Idris. "Microwave Pyrolysis of Polypropylene with Iron Susceptor." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.29.

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The improper disposal of plastic waste and low recycling rate have caused various environmental issues around the world. Therefore, microwave metal pyrolysis approach is proposed to efficiently convert plastic waste into liquid fuel, wax and gaseous by-products. This study aims to investigate the effect of different parameters such as microwave power and mass of metal on the product formation of the pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP). The experimental study was conducted in a closed glass reactor with a capacity of 500 ml, in a modified 2.45 GHz microwave, at a pressure of 1 atm and nitrogen is flowed at 0.5 L/min. The plastic was mixed with iron (Fe) powder and pyrolysed for 30 min. The produced pyrolysis vapor was condensed in a two-stage condenser where the oil formed was subsequently collected in a flask. The increase in microwave power from 500 to 700 W increased the oil yield of PP with iron powder from 22.4 to 54.5 wt.% and decreased the wax yield from 40.2% to zero. The increase in mass of iron powder from 5 to 10 g improved the oil yield from 20.0 to 54.5 wt.%, while the oil yield slightly decreased to 50.1 wt.% at 15 g. The pyrolysis oil formed has high calorific value of 45-46 MJ/kg comparable with the commercial fuel, thus the fuel can be blended with pure diesel to reduce the portion of fossil fuel in diesel combustion engine application.
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Yan, Zhimin, Hongda Yan, Wenpeng Li, Ye Tian, Chong Zhang, and Xin Chen. "Effect of Blending Modification on the Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene for Environment-friendly Cable Insulation." In 2022 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&CPS Asia). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpsasia55496.2022.9949721.

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LÜCKENKÖTTER, J. "Feasibility study of compression molding for large reinforcement structures in the commercial vehicle sector." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-27.

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Abstract. Due to an increasing volume of shipments, there is a significant need for more delivery vehicles. One approach to reduce the associated increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a new light weight design approach involving the substitution of conventional materials with glass fiber mat-reinforced thermoplastics (GMT) based on polypropylene (PP). The application of GMT by compression molding is a widely used process in the automotive industry. However, application in the commercial vehicle sector requires much larger dimensions, making it necessary to clarify whether the manufacturing process and material are suitable for semi-structural applications on this scale. To find this out, two replacement geometries are abstracted in this study and manufactured by varying the main manufacturing parameters. The feasibility can be demonstrated by recording and analyzing the resulting process variables and measuring the formed fiber distribution. At the end of the paper, recommendations are given for the production of GMT structures on the scale of commercial vehicles.
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Zhu, Yuxiang, Dharneedar Ravichandran, and Kenan Song. "3D Printed Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Tissue Scaffolds." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85062.

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Abstract Nearly 1 in 4 women undergo surgery for pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence in the US. The weakened pelvic floor, which could be caused by childbirth injury, aging, or obesity, fails to support the pelvic organs, resulting in urinary incontinence, sexual difficulties, and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Polypropylene (PP) meshes are often used in reconstructive surgeries as a reinforcement to provide long-term, durable support. However, commercial polypropylene meshes have a risk of complications, such as pain, mesh erosion, and infection. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has consequently re-classified the polypropylene mesh as a high-risk device. Therefore, the need for new meshes to cure POP with a rapid prototyping technique is urgent, especially for personalized medicine. Therefore, we developed a new implantable mesh using biocompatible polymers (e.g., gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan) with controlled bonding strength and tunable lifetime. Our group has leveraged additive manufacturing for porous scaffold structures beneficial for cell attachment and nutrition transmission. Our POP scaffold mesh has demonstrated high biocompatibility and controlled biodegradability. We will also leverage our manufacturing expertise and clinical partnerships to examine cell proliferation and differentiation for tissue regeneration. Our advanced manufacturing method is compatible with other materials and has potential use in layered structures for dental, heart, or bone engineering applications.
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Munshi, M. Zafar A., and Ayad Ibrahim. "New Dielectric Polymer Film Capacitors for Pulse Power Applications." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60053.

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High voltage pulse power technologies utilized by the Department of Defense applications such as armor/anti-armor, electromagnetic/electrothermal guns, lasers, high power microwave weapons, etc. are usually satisfied today by film capacitor technologies. Commercial applications extend to a.c. motors, lighting, and automotive and implantable and portable defibrillators, among others. Film capacitors based on polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) have the ability to operate at very high voltages and with good reliability. They also offer high breakdown voltages, inherent low losses, excellent frequency response, low dissipation factor (DF), and good self-healing abilities. Unlike most other circuit components, existing capacitor technologies now present a barrier to achieving significant packaging (size and weight) reductions and struggling to meet market-driven performance requirements. The energy density of commercial film capacitors is less than 1 J/cc. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has a much higher dielectric constant (12) than commercial films such as polypropylene (PP) (2.5) and a practical energy density of about 2.4 J/cc. However, it has a number of drawbacks including non-linearity of the dielectric constant with voltage, very poor insulation resistance, poor clearing or self-healing ability, poor dissipation factor (DF), higher leakage currents, relatively lower breakdown voltages and is very costly. In recent SBIR Programs, Lithium Power Technologies demonstrated that by combining PP with PVDF in a polymer blend, one could obtain a material with a very high dielectric constant as well as other excellent electrical properties. Electrical data on biaxial oriented thin films and capacitors demonstrated very high breakdown voltages of 700 V/μm to over 1050 V/μm. In contrast, PP films and capacitors resulted in breakdown voltages of 220 to 560 V/±m. Preliminary energy density for the new dielectric capacitor was about 12 J/cc compared to less than 0.5 J/cc for PP. The frequency response data with respect to the DF demonstrated an almost negligible loss in dielectric activity at high frequencies. The new polymer dielectric offers a number of key advantages, including improved performance and lower cost per unit of energy. The technology is a promising candidate for the development of a higher energy density, high voltage metallized film capacitor for a large number of applications including, defense, aerospace, defibrillator, automotive, and electric power generation. This paper will discuss the development of this new technology and commercial potential.
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Sánchez, Carola, José Macías, Jonathan León, Geancarlos Zamora, and Guillermo Soriano. "Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Thermal Performance of a Thermosiphon Flat-Plate Solar Collector for Water Heating in Ecuadorian Coastal Region." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71944.

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Passive solar water heating (SWH) is a convenient method to meet domestic hot water requirements in rural areas, where electricity may not be available or fuel supply might be limited due to difficult access. In this work, a low-cost thermosiphon flat-plate solar collector alternative is presented. The design was purposely limited to materials and recyclable products widely available in the local market, such as Tetra Pak, plastic bottles, and polypropylene (PP) fittings and pipes. Since PP is a thermoplastic polymer, a poor heat conductor, it was necessary to ensure a suitable system isolation to obtain an optimum thermal performance, comparable to commercial solar collectors. The design was built and tested in Guayaquil, Ecuadorian coastal city. Six inexpensive temperature sensors were placed at the entrance and exit of the collector, on the flat-plate and inside the hot water storage tank. Data was recorded using an Arduino single-board computer and later analyzed with the data gathered via weather station. The implementation costs of the system are approximately US$300, the overall performance during January 2017 fluctuated between 54% and 23%, and the storage tank temperature range varied from to 46°C to 33°C. Due to its reliability and affordable cost, the SWH system is an attractive alternative to an Ecuadorian commercial solar flat plate collector, which price is set between US$600 and US$700, it has an efficiency around 60%, and the average annual storage tank temperature is 62°C.
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