Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial photography Technique'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Commercial photography Technique.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Commercial photography Technique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Fuentes, Sigfredo, Anthony R. Palmer, Daniel Taylor, Melanie Zeppel, Rhys Whitley, and Derek Eamus. "An automated procedure for estimating the leaf area index (LAI) of woodland ecosystems using digital imagery, MATLAB programming and its application to an examination of the relationship between remotely sensed and field measurements of LAI." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 10 (2008): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08045.
Full textAbstract:
Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important variables required for modelling growth and water use of forests. Functional–structural plant models use these models to represent physiological processes in 3-D tree representations. Accuracy of these models depends on accurate estimation of LAI at tree and stand scales for validation purposes. A recent method to estimate LAI from digital images (LAID) uses digital image capture and gap fraction analysis (Macfarlane et al. 2007b) of upward-looking digital photographs to capture canopy LAID (cover photography). After implementing this technique in Australian evergreen Eucalyptus woodland, we have improved the method of image analysis and replaced the time consuming manual technique with an automated procedure using a script written in MATLAB 7.4 (LAIM). Furthermore, we used this method to compare MODIS LAI values with LAID values for a range of woodlands in Australia to obtain LAI at the forest scale. Results showed that the MATLAB script developed was able to successfully automate gap analysis to obtain LAIM. Good relationships were achieved when comparing averaged LAID and LAIM (LAIM = 1.009 – 0.0066 LAID; R2 = 0.90) and at the forest scale, MODIS LAI compared well with LAID (MODIS LAI = 0.9591 LAID – 0.2371; R2 = 0.89). This comparison improved when correcting LAID with the clumping index to obtain effective LAI (MODIS LAI = 1.0296 LAIe + 0.3468; R2 = 0.91). Furthermore, the script developed incorporates a function to connect directly a digital camera, or high resolution webcam, from a laptop to obtain cover photographs and LAI analysis in real time. The later is a novel feature which is not available on commercial LAI analysis softwares for cover photography. This script is available for interested researchers.
2
McIlleron, W. Geoff, and Ferdinand C. De Moor. "Photography of Trichoptera in flight." Zoosymposia 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2011): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.23.
Full textAbstract:
Whereas photography of insects at rest is used for a wide variety of purposes, including illustrating publications and aiding their identification, photography of insects in flight is more challenging and little practiced. This paper describes a system that uses a digital single-lens-reflex camera combined with commercial-level flashes (with electronic power settings to give very short exposures) and simple electronics in a rig that can be used to capture high quality images of night-flying insects. With such a rig, hundreds of images of free flying Trichoptera have been obtained. Preliminary observations of night-flying Athripsodes bergensis (Leptoceridae) indicate that this system could be used for studying the mechanics of flight, wing beat frequency, aerodynamics, flying speed, aerial activity, and behavioural ecology of night-flying insects in their natural environment. This paper briefly describes the technique as applied at a site on the banks of the Groot River in the southern Cape region of South Africa between October 2008 and April 2009 and presents a selection of the images obtained.
3
Fox, Paul. "An unprecedented wartime practice: Kodaking the Egyptian Sudan." Media, War & Conflict 11, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635217710676.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines Kodak photographs made by participant soldiers and photographer–correspondents working in the field for the illustrated press during the concluding phase of the 1883–1898 campaign to defeat an Islamist insurgency in the Egyptian Sudan, whose leaders sought to create a regional caliphate. It explores how the presence of early generation portable cameras impacted on image making practices on British operations, and how aspects of campaign experience were subsequently represented in Kodak-derived photograph albums. With reference to graphic art and commercial photographic practices associated with Nile tourism and recent military activity in the Nile valley after 1882, the author argues, firstly, that the representation of combat was transformed by handheld photography and, secondly, that in the context of photographs of logistical activity and leisure, picturesque aesthetics were occluded by a ‘documentary’ mode of representation synonymous with the increasingly industrial nature of Western armed conflict. The article also calls attention to how photomechanical reproduction made possible the widespread availability of affordable albums for a public here identified as the readership of the illustrated general interest weeklies. More generally, the sheer number of photographs resulting from the use of Kodak technology prompted a more fluid use of montage-like techniques by album makers, for public and private use, including text and multiple image combinations, to build more dynamic visual narratives of experience on campaign than had hitherto been possible.
4
Johnson, Dennis A., J. Richard Alldredge, Philip B. Hamm, and Bruce E. Frazier. "Aerial Photography Used for Spatial Pattern Analysis of Late Blight Infection in Irrigated Potato Circles." Phytopathology® 93, no. 7 (July 2003): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.7.805.
Full textAbstract:
Spatial and temporal dynamics of late blight were investigated from color, infrared aerial photographs of five commercial potato fields in the Columbia Basin during epidemics in 1993, 1995, and 1998. Aerial photographs were taken one to four times at 6- to 21-day intervals. Photographs were scanned and pixels, representing approximately 1 m2 in the field, were used in the analysis. Late blight-infected plants were aggregated as indicated by runs analysis. Significant z-tests were computed for four directions during each sampling date in each of the five fields. Absolute z-values for runs analysis increased, indicating increasing aggregation in the four directions, as disease incidence increased in the early and midphases of the epidemics in each field. Variograms indicated the existence of autocorrelation among infected plants in four directions; the range of influence increased as disease incidence increased except at the highest levels of disease. Late blight was observed to spread in fields as foci. Late blight foci enlarged in size, produced distinct daughter foci, and coalesced. A field where initial inoculum likely originated from infected seed tubers exhibited less initial aggregation than the other fields, perhaps due to a different source of primary inoculum. Aerial photography coupled with spatial analyses of late blight-infected plants was an effective technique to quantitatively assess disease patterns in relatively large fields and was useful in quantifying an intensification of aggregation during the epidemic process on a large scale.
5
BAPPA DAS, R.N. SAHOO, SOURABH PARGAL, GOPAL KRISHNA, V.K. GUPTA, R. VERMA, and C. VISWANATHAN. "Measuring leaf area index from colour digital image of wheat crop." Journal of Agrometeorology 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v18i1.885.
Full textAbstract:
Leaf area index (LAI) is an important physiological trait that determines solar radiation interception and thus biomass. In this study leaf area index (LAI) was estimated from vertical gap fraction derived from top-of-canopy digital colour photography ofwheat canopies. An improved vegetation index, Excess Green minus Excess Red (ExG-ExR) was compared to the commonly used Excess Green (ExG), Excess Red (ExR) and normalized difference (NDI) indices. A histogram-based threshold technique was used to separate green vegetation tissues from background soil in order to derive the canopy vertical gap fraction. LAI derived from the ExG-ExR, ExG indexed image was comparable to the LAI measured using the commercial plant canopy analyzer (LAI-2200,LI-CORInc., USA) (R2 = 0.68 and 0.66 for ExG-ExRand ExG, respectively) with RMSE of 0.63 and 0.79, respectively.However, NDI was overestimated while Ex Rwas found to be under estimated LAI as compared with that measured using the commercial plant canopy analyzer(R2 = 0.47 and 0.35 for NDI and ExR, respectively) with RMSE of 4.09 and 2.19, respectively. Thus, digital photography based ExG-ExRmethod can be used as low cost, non-destructive high through put method for assessing LAI, early vigour and gap fraction of wheat and potentially other cereal crops.
6
Suroko, Arif Pujo, and Setyo Tohari Caturriyanto. "TEKNIK ONE SHOT DAN PEWARNAAN KONTRAS DALAM PENATAAN KAMERATELEVISI KREATIF." Capture : Jurnal Seni Media Rekam 3, no. 2 (June 19, 2017): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/capture.v3i2.1883.
Full textAbstract:
There are several television programs format,including the drama and non-drama.Videoclip is not drama or non-drama or journalism.However,video clips and commercials is a part ofa television program. Creative television is the format of audio-visual works that consist ofvideo clips and commercials. In making the creative television programs should be requiredcreative ideas for producing a visual work that is interesting and innovative.Video clip (musicvideo) is a tool for music producers to market a product or its artists through the medium oftelevision.So video clips can be defined as audiovisual works from a song produced by a group ofmusic in order to promote or popularize the music group along with their songs.Advertising isany forms of communication that is intended to motivate someone of potential buyers andsellers to promote a product or service.Advertising as a media campaign is divided into severalcategories,including:TV Commercial and Non-commercial ads.Commercial ads are advertisingthat aim to support the marketing campaign of a product or service. Meanwhile, noncommercial ads are ads in the form of a social marketing campaign to sell the idea or ideas forthe benefit or public service.Director of photography has an important role in determining thevisual concept. Changes of the script into a visual form is through the role of a camera personthinking through the medium of the camera.The use of One Shot shooting technique and colorcontrast are a visual concept that is applied in making this work.The One Shot technique is usedin the manufacture of video clips,while the contrasting coloring is applied in the manufacture ofadvertising is also on the video clip.With the visual concept is expected to give an idea of the feelof the new visualization mainly to the appreciation of communicative media are experimentaland educational, so as to form a pattern of thinking creatively in generating ideas artvisualization.Keywords :One Shot technique, color contrast, video clip, and creative television
7
Aditia, Dio Rama, Zulisih Maryani, and Oscar Samaratungga. "MOBIL MAINAN DIECAST SKALA 1:24 DALAM FOTOGRAFI STILL LIFE." spectā: Journal of Photography, Arts, and Media 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/specta.v1i1.1894.
Full textAbstract:
Mobil mainan merupakan suatu benda yang biasa dimainkan oleh anak-anak. Akan tetapi berbeda halnya dengan mobil mainan jenis diecast, yakni mobil mainan yang terbuat dari logam kemudian dicetak ke dalam bentuk yang diinginkan. Mobil mainan diecast yang memiliki berbagai macam ukuran tidak hanya dimainkan oleh anak-anak karena pada perkembangannya diecast menjadi karya seni yang menarik untuk dikoleksi dan dipajang salah satunya mobil dengan ukuran skala1:24. Dengan demikian muncul keinginan untuk menampilkan mobil mainan diecast dalam bentuk karya fotografi. Alasan pemilihan ukuran skala 1:24 adalah ukurannya yang terbilang sedang dan mempunyai detail kemiripan yang cukup baik sehingga cocok digunakan untuk foto stilllife. Selain itu, ukuran mobil mainan diecastskala 1:24 juga cenderung kurang diminati oleh para kolektor shingga diharapkan penciptaan karya seni ini dapat meningkatkan minat para kolektorterhadap diecastskala 1:24. Teknik fotografi still life merupakan salah satu metode dalam fotografi yang digunakan untuk keperluan komersial. Teknik still life digunakan untuk mempermudah penataan objek yang dikombinasikan dengan diorama. Kemudian penataan cahaya dan komposisi dalam teknik ini mampu menjadikan sebuah objek menjadi lebih bernilai jual. Ditambah dengan teknik olah digital focus stacking yang membantu menguatkan detail dari sebuah produk mobil mainan. Penciptaan karya fotografi ini bertujuan untuk menampilkan sebuah mobil mainan yang menyerupai mobil sesungguhnya sehingga dapat menarik perhatian penikmat foto dan juga pencinta mobil mainan diecast khususnya yang berskala 1:24. Hasil dari penciptaan karya seni ini didapatkan bahwa mobil mainan yang semula hanya benda mati saja, melalui fotografi dapat diciptakan menjadi sebuah karya seni visual yang tampak lebih nyata. Mobil mainan diecast merek Welly ini banyak ditemukan hasil pengecatan yang kurang maksimal. Akan tetapi, penggunaan set diorama sebagai elemen pendukung sangat membantu untuk menguatkan kesan lebih nyata sehingga secara umum penciptaan karya seni ini dapat menambahkan nilai jual pada mobil mainandiecast skala 1:24.Kata kunci: mobil mainan, diecast skala 1:24, fotografi, stilllife Abstract Diecast Toycar 1:24 Scale in Still Life Photography. A toy car is an object commonly played by children. Diecast is way a different type of toycar which is made of metal and then formed into the desired shape. Diecast cars with variety of sizes not only played by children because in its development the diecast is becoming into an interesting work of art to be collected and displayed, one of them is with a scale of 1:24. Thus, it seems interesting to feature diecast toycars in the form of photography works. The reason for choosing scale of 1:24 is because this size is quite moderate and the detail similarity is good enough so that it will be suitable to be used in still life photography. In addition to that, the size of the 1: 24 scale diecast toycar also tends to be less desirable by collectors so it is expected that the creation of this artwork can increase the interest of collectors for the 1:24 scale diecast. Still life photography technique is one of the methods in photography used for commercial purposes. Still life technique is used to facilitate the arrangement of objects to be combined with diorama. Then, the arrangement of light and composition in this technique can make an object becomes more valuable. Coupled with the technique of digital focus stacking that helps strengthen the details of a toycar product. The creation of this photography work aims to showcase a toycar that resembles a real car so as to attract the attention of photo enthusiasts as well as diecast car enthusiasts especially for 1: 24 scale. The result of the creation of this artwork shows that toycars which were originally only inanimate objects, through photography can be made into a work of visual art that looks more real. The paintings in Welly diecast toyscars are found not really good enough. However, the use of diorama sets as a supporting element is helpful to reinforce a more realistic impression so that in general the creation of this work can add a commercial value to a 1:24 scale diecast toycar. Keywords: toycar, diecastscale 1:24, photography, still life
8
Fisk, Connie L., Yanyun Zhao, and Bernadine C. Strik. "Iodine Staining Does Not Indicate Harvest Maturity of `Ananasnaya' Hardy Kiwifruit Berries." HortTechnology 16, no. 4 (January 2006): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.4.0655.
Full textAbstract:
Iodine staining of starch was explored as a harvest index for hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta). Weekly from 2 Sept. to 14 Oct. 2005, the cut surfaces of 20 halved fruit were dipped in an iodine solution and the staining intensity was measured using digital photography and color analysis. Harvest date had a significant effect on percent soluble solids and each of the color readings (L*, a*, b*, and chroma) before and after staining. Fruit harvested later in the season had less starch and thus were lighter in color. However, an observable color difference was only visually apparent weeks after commercial harvest is recommended based on percent soluble solids. Therefore, while the technique can distinguish the conversion of starch to sugar in hardy kiwifruit berries, it cannot be used as a harvest index.
9
Li, Kexin, Xinwang Huang, Jingzhe Zhang, Zhihu Sun, Jianping Huang, Chunxue Sun, Qiancheng Xie, and Wenlong Song. "A New Method for Forest Canopy Hemispherical Photography Segmentation Based on Deep Learning." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121366.
Full textAbstract:
Research Highlights: This paper proposes a new method for hemispherical forest canopy image segmentation. The method is based on a deep learning methodology and provides a robust and fully automatic technique for the segmentation of forest canopy hemispherical photography (CHP) and gap fraction (GF) calculation. Background and Objectives: CHP is widely used to estimate structural forest variables. The GF is the most important parameter for calculating the leaf area index (LAI), and its calculation requires the binary segmentation result of the CHP. Materials and Methods: Our method consists of three modules, namely, northing correction, valid region extraction, and hemispherical image segmentation. In these steps, a core procedure is hemispherical canopy image segmentation based on the U-Net convolutional neural network. Our method is compared with traditional threshold methods (e.g., the Otsu and Ridler methods), a fuzzy clustering method (FCM), commercial professional software (WinSCANOPY), and the Habitat-Net network method. Results: The experimental results show that the method presented here achieves a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 89.20% and an accuracy of 98.73%. Conclusions: The method presented here outperforms the Habitat-Net and WinSCANOPY methods, along with the FCM, and it is significantly better than the Otsu and Ridler threshold methods. The method takes the original canopy hemisphere image first and then automatically executes the three modules in sequence, and finally outputs the binary segmentation map. The method presented here is a pipelined, end-to-end method.
10
Bochon, Krzysztof, Włodzimierz Wrόblewski, Artur Szymański, Mirosiaw Majkut, Michał Strozik, and Krzysztof Marugi. "Experimental and numerical tip leakage flow visualization in the LP turbine labyrinth seal." E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701008.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this publication is the identification of basic flow parameters and flow structures in the seal experimentally and compare them with CFD results. A straight-through seal with two leaning fins and smooth or honeycomb land was analysed. The sealing concept is characteristic for the tip seal of the last stage of an aircraft low-pressure turbine. Due to the limitations of the test rig the analyses presented here were conducted on a highly simplified, stationary model of the seal itself, with an axial inflow and no curvature in the circumferential direction. The characteristics of the discharge coefficient as a function of the pressure ratio for different clearances and the pressure distribution along the seal, for different pressure ratios are presented. In addition, an attempt was made to visualize the flow using the schlieren technique. The main idea of application schlieren photography was to observe the vortex and separation structures occurring during the flow through the labyrinth seal, which is the major source of pressure losses. CFD calculations were carried out using the Ansys CFX commercial code.
11
Chen, Shiqi, Huajun Feng, Dexin Pan, Zhihai Xu, Qi Li, and Yueting Chen. "Optical Aberrations Correction in Postprocessing Using Imaging Simulation." ACM Transactions on Graphics 40, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474088.
Full textAbstract:
As the popularity of mobile photography continues to grow, considerable effort is being invested in the reconstruction of degraded images. Due to the spatial variation in optical aberrations, which cannot be avoided during the lens design process, recent commercial cameras have shifted some of these correction tasks from optical design to postprocessing systems. However, without engaging with the optical parameters, these systems only achieve limited correction for aberrations. In this work, we propose a practical method for recovering the degradation caused by optical aberrations. Specifically, we establish an imaging simulation system based on our proposed optical point spread function model. Given the optical parameters of the camera, it generates the imaging results of these specific devices. To perform the restoration, we design a spatial-adaptive network model on synthetic data pairs generated by the imaging simulation system, eliminating the overhead of capturing training data by a large amount of shooting and registration. Moreover, we comprehensively evaluate the proposed method in simulations and experimentally with a customized digital-single-lens-reflex camera lens and HUAWEI HONOR 20, respectively. The experiments demonstrate that our solution successfully removes spatially variant blur and color dispersion. When compared with the state-of-the-art deblur methods, the proposed approach achieves better results with a lower computational overhead. Moreover, the reconstruction technique does not introduce artificial texture and is convenient to transfer to current commercial cameras. Project Page: https://github.com/TanGeeGo/ImagingSimulation .
12
Lai, Wei-Sheng, Yichang Shih, Lun-Cheng Chu, Xiaotong Wu, Sung-Fang Tsai, Michael Krainin, Deqing Sun, and Chia-Kai Liang. "Face deblurring using dual camera fusion on mobile phones." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 4 (July 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530131.
Full textAbstract:
Motion blur of fast-moving subjects is a longstanding problem in photography and very common on mobile phones due to limited light collection efficiency, particularly in low-light conditions. While we have witnessed great progress in image deblurring in recent years, most methods require significant computational power and have limitations in processing high-resolution photos with severe local motions. To this end, we develop a novel face deblurring system based on the dual camera fusion technique for mobile phones. The system detects subject motion to dynamically enable a reference camera, e.g., ultrawide angle camera commonly available on recent premium phones, and captures an auxiliary photo with faster shutter settings. While the main shot is low noise but blurry (Figure 1(a)), the reference shot is sharp but noisy (Figure 1(b)). We learn ML models to align and fuse these two shots and output a clear photo without motion blur (Figure 1(c)). Our algorithm runs efficiently on Google Pixel 6, which takes 463 ms overhead per shot. Our experiments demonstrate the advantage and robustness of our system against alternative single-image, multi-frame, face-specific, and video deblurring algorithms as well as commercial products. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first mobile solution for face motion deblurring that works reliably and robustly over thousands of images in diverse motion and lighting conditions.
13
Kogut, Natalia, and Marharyta Tarasenko. "Peculiarities of Author’s Rights Protection to Original Works of Art: Historical and Legal Aspect." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 4 (January 12, 2021): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.55.
Full textAbstract:
The authors investigate the legal regulation of copyright protection in all possible arts: architecture, sculpture, graphics, design,painting, etc. The authors focus on the emergence of copyright in works in new art genres in the digital age, in particular: 3-D digitalmodels; engraving; engraving; pop-up publications and others. Peculiarities of free use of works and creation of derivative works indifferent kinds of art are determined.Each art form needs its own approach to regulating the author’s rights to the work. Architectural objects include both constructionprojects and drawings, as well as the buildings themselves, garden and park formations.The architectural design and the building are protected separately from each other. Therefore, there is no possibility to protect thearchitect’s rights to permit or prohibit the implementation of the project in the building and preserve the copyright to the architecturalpart of the building value, because in this case the idea (construction project) and building – various forms of works’ expression. However,construction projects are not subject to patent law, can not be patented as an invention, utility model, and do not belong to indust -rial designs. The building as a whole is not the subject of copyright, as copyright protects only the shape of the building, not engineeringsolutions, which in themselves, separately from the building, can be patented as inventions or utility models.Plagiarism of sculptures, especially sculptures of famous people and characters, is difficult to prove. In addition, there is the questionof the need to obtain permission from living famous people to create such sculptures for their commercial use. There is a questionof recognizing or not recognizing the 3-D sculpture as the original object of copyright.Works of fine art can be divided into: architecture, painting, graphics, sculpture, decorative and applied arts, photography anddesign. Works created with the help of a print as a unique type of graphic technique are considered original, as well as film photographs,when each developed photo will be original. Each copy of a book created using the pop-up technique is also considered original.The plots of films are difficult to defend in the context of copyright, because, in fact, they are a concept or idea that is easy tochange. The legislation does not clearly define that such a modification will be considered a derivative of the original work. The legislationdoes not contain clear criteria for defining plagiarism in works of art. Also, the legislation does not regulate co-authorship withmore or less complicity.
14
Wiśniewski, P., S. Dykas, M. Majkut, and K. Smołka. "Analysis of the moist air transonic flow in the symmetric and asymmetric nozzle of the low expansion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2367, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2367/1/012031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Condensation has a negative impact on turbomachinery efficiency in many energy processes. This paper compares the expansion of moist air in symmetric and asymmetric nozzles with a low expansion rate. The presented numerical study is supported by analytical and experimental research. The experimental tWesting was carried out using an in-house experimental test rig where two nozzles were examined for moist air with relative humidity of about 25%. The nozzles were tested for a supersonic outlet, as well as for the outlet condition with elevated pressure, which resulted in the occurrence of a normal shock in the test section. The asymmetric nozzle profile is congruent with the symmetric nozzle. However, the nozzle walls are shifted linearly in the flow direction. The Schlieren photography technique and static pressure measurements on the nozzle wall were used for qualitative identification of both condensation and shock waves. The presented numerical modelling was conducted using commercial computational fluid dynamics software extended with an in-house condensation model. The code was validated against in-house experiment as well as against the data available in the literature. The analysis of the flow in the considered two types of nozzles with a very low expansion rate revealed very interesting structures of pressure waves. The impact of the linear shift of the nozzle walls on the condensation process and the interaction of the condensation wave with aerodynamic oblique as well as normal shock waves were investigated.
15
Iiames, John S., Russell Congalton, Andrew Pilant, and Timothy Lewis. "Validation of an Integrated Estimation of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Leaf Area Index (LAI) Using Two Indirect Optical Methods in the Southeastern United States." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/32.3.101.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Quality assessment of satellite-derived leaf area index (LAI) products requires appropriate ground measurements for validation. Since the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launch of Terra (1999) and Aqua (2001), 1-km, 8-day composited retrievals of LAI have been produced for six biome classes worldwide. The evergreen needle leaf biome has been examined at numerous validation sites, but the dominant commercial species in the southeastern United States, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), has not been investigated. The objective of this research was to evaluate an in situ optical LAI estimation technique combining measurements from the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (TRAC) optical sensor and digital hemispherical photography (DHP) in the southeastern US P.taeda forests. Stand-level LAI estimated from allometric regression equations developed from whole-tree harvest data were compared to TRAC–DHP optical LAI estimates at a study site located in the North Carolina Sandhills Region. Within-shoot clumping, (i.e., the needle-to-shoot area ratio [γE]) was estimated at 1.21 and fell within the range of previously reported values for coniferous species (1.2–2.1). The woody-to-total area ratio (α = 0.31) was within the range of other published results (0.11–0.34). Overall, the indirect optical TRAC–DHP method of determining LAI was similar to LAI estimates that had been derived from allometric equations from whole-tree harvests. The TRAC–DHP yielded a value 0.14 LAI units below that retrieved from stand-level whole-tree harvest allometric equations. DHP alone yielded the best LAI estimate, a 0.04 LAI unit differential compared with the same allometrically derived LAI.
16
Grottoli, Edoardo, Mélanie Biausque, David Rogers, Derek W. T. Jackson, and J. Andrew G. Cooper. "Structure-from-Motion-Derived Digital Surface Models from Historical Aerial Photographs: A New 3D Application for Coastal Dune Monitoring." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010095.
Full textAbstract:
Recent advances in structure-from-motion (SfM) techniques have proliferated the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the monitoring of coastal landform changes, particularly when applied in the reconstruction of 3D surface models from historical aerial photographs. Here, we explore a number of depth map filtering and point cloud cleaning methods using the commercial software Agisoft Metashape Pro to determine the optimal methodology to build reliable digital surface models (DSMs). Twelve different aerial photography-derived DSMs are validated and compared against light detection and ranging (LiDAR)- and UAV-derived DSMs of a vegetated coastal dune system that has undergone several decades of coastline retreat. The different studied methods showed an average vertical error (root mean square error, RMSE) of approximately 1 m, with the best method resulting in an error value of 0.93 m. In our case, the best method resulted from the removal of confidence values in the range of 0–3 from the dense point cloud (DPC), with no filter applied to the depth maps. Differences among the methods examined were associated with the reconstruction of the dune slipface. The application of the modern SfM methodology to the analysis of historical aerial (vertical) photography is a novel (and reliable) new approach that can be used to better quantify coastal dune volume changes. DSMs derived from suitable historical aerial photographs, therefore, represent dependable sources of 3D data that can be used to better analyse long-term geomorphic changes in coastal dune areas that have undergone retreat.
17
Rusli, Edial. "Realisme Magis Imaji Ke Imajinasi Visual Fotografi." Rekam 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/rekam.v18i1.6904.
Full textAbstract:
Berbagai imaji dan imajinasi yang dialami secara pribadi adalah inspirasi yang terasa familiar dan mudah diselami dalam melahirkan suatu proses ide yang kreatif, yang dalam hal ini adalah menciptakan karya seni fotografi yang estetis. Berawal dari pengalaman pribadi yang kala itu tumbuh di tengah kaum urban di pusat niaga Kota Yogyakarta, yaitu kawasan Malioboro dan kebetulan pada masa dewasa lalu berkecimpung di dunia fotografi, muncullah inspirasi untuk menciptakan karya fotografi seni tentang Malioboro. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk memaparkan bagaimana proses kreatif dalam menciptakan karya fotografi, yang pada akhirnya akan memberikan konstruksi makna yang baru terhadap visual fotografis. Karya fotografi yang secara umum diakui keotentikan realitasnya, terkadang justru melebihi realitas itu sendiri. Sebagai kerangka teoretis, realisme magis dapat melampaui dan bahkan melepaskan diri dari realitas yang ada sehingga membuka ruang pluralitas yang luas. Metode observasi, eksplorasi, dan eksperimentasi dipadukan dengan teknik digital imaging berupa visual kolase dan montase menjadikan karya fotografi tentang kawasan Malioboro bernilai seni dan estetis. Penciptaan karya ini tidak sekadar membahas tentang tataran teknis yang membentuknya, akan tetapi lebih tentang estetika dan rekonstruksi makna yang kemudian muncul. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan realisme magis dalam membuat konsep karya fotografi, hadirlah karya foto seni yang representatif dan estetis dalam menggambarkan pluralitas yang ambigu dalam keseharian di kawasan Malioboro. Various images and imaginations that are personally experienced is an inspiration that feels familiar and easy to explore in incubating a creative process of ideas, which in this case is to create aesthetic photographic artwork. Starting from personal experiences that was raised in the middle of urban community in the commercial center of Yogyakarta, namely Malioboro area, and later when growing up happened to be engaged in the field of photography, triggered an inspiration to create art photography about Malioboro. The purpose of this article is to describe how the creative process of creating photographic works will eventually give the construction of new meaning to photographic visuals. Photography works that are generally recognized for their authenticity of reality, sometimes even exceed reality itself. As a theoretical framework, magical realism can transcend and even break away from existing realities, thus opening up a vast space of plurality. The methods applied were observation, exploration, and experimentation combined with digital imaging techniques in the form of visual collages and montages, in order to make photographic works about Malioboro area become valuably artistic and aesthetics. The creation of this photography work no longer speaks of the technical state that shaped it, but rather about the aesthetics and reconstruction of the meaning that exists in it. By using magical realism as the approach in conceptualizing the photographic works, there is a representative and aesthetic work of art in describing ambiguous plurality in everyday life in Malioboro area.
18
Wilbrand, H., and W. Rauschning. "Investigation of Temporal Bone Anatomy by Plastic Moulding and Cryomicrotomy." Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis 27, no. 4 (July 1986): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518602700404.
Full textAbstract:
To increase our understanding of the complex topographic relations between temporal bone structures and to facilitate the interpretation of their radiographic images, two techniques were developed. 1) Plastic moulding of temporal bone specimens using polyester resin and silicone rubber substances providing detailed information and a three-dimensional survey of the structures. Carefully macerated temporal bone specimens are filled with plastic material under vacuum and the bone is then dissolved. The preparations, freed from irrelevant structures and embellished, allow metric evaluation of the different structures and their topographic relations. 2) Automatic serial cryomicrotomy of fresh, deep-frozen temporal bones, using a commercial sledge-cryomicrotome. Photography of the cut surfaces of the specimen, usually at distances of 0.25 to 0.50 mm, allows natural-colour reproduction of minute detail, e.g. the melanin cell area in the cochlea, the smallest vessels on the ossicular surfaces, and the origin of the cochlear aqueduct at the basal turn of the cochlea. By correlating the photographs with images from the corresponding tomographic planes accurate information is obtained for interpretation of the radiographic images. A combination of the two techniques facilitates a detailed study and is a valuable aid in the teaching of temporal bone anatomy.
19
Lavernhe, Margaux. "« Colour is important, we have to start exporting colour »." Histoires-monde de la photographie, no. 3 (November 4, 2021): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54390/photographica.630.
Full textAbstract:
Vers 1970, Agfa-Gevaert cherche à conquérir de nouveaux marchés en Afrique de l’Ouest, notamment pour ses pellicules couleurs. Le photographe James Barnor, né en 1929 au Ghana et installé en Angleterre de 1959 à 1969, où il s’est approprié les savoir-faire de cette technique photographique, semble à ce titre un agent tout trouvé pour devenir un « ambassadeur » Agfa au Ghana. À travers sa trajectoire singulière, prise entre deux pôles, cet article analyse l’arrivée de la couleur au Ghana, qui rejoue en partie des logiques de transfert et de diffusion locale déjà connues dans l’histoire de la photographie ouest-africaine. Les visées d’Agfa se révèlent finalement peu ajustées aux réalités du terrain et l’entreprise est un échec commercial : la couleur se diffuse assez mal dans les années 1970, faute principalement de moyens. Reste que James Barnor contribue par ce procédé visuel à enrichir les modes de représentation de la société qui l’entoure.
20
Hakimi, Amir A., Simon P. Lalehzarian, Aaron S. Lalehzarian, Ariel M. Azhdam, Benjamin D. Boodaie, and David L. Walner. "Development and Evaluation of an Objective Tympanic Membrane Visualization Assessment Technique." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, no. 8 (March 8, 2020): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489420912438.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To introduce an inexpensive method for objectively evaluating otoscopic visualization of the tympanic membrane wherein learners match what they visualize in standardized patients to tympanic membrane photographs. Methods: Two standardized patients had photographs taken of their tympanic membranes using a commercially-available digital otoscope. First- and third-year medical students were asked to perform an otoscopic examination on each patient using a conventional handheld otoscope and to match what they saw with the correct tympanic membrane image among distractor photographs belonging to other patients. The ability of students to match the standardized patients’ tympanic membrane to the correct photographs was assessed before and after a didactic training session. These measurements were compared between the two cohort groups for construct validity. Results: Fifty-one first-year medical students (with no previous otoscopy experience) and 44 third-year medical students (with otoscopy experience from completing pediatric and family medicine clinical clerkships) were recruited to voluntarily participate in this study. At baseline, a larger percentage of third-year students correctly matched both tympanic membranes compared to first-year students (27% vs 8%, P < .01). After otoscopy training, correct matching of both tympanic membranes significantly improved among both first-year students (8-31%, P < .01) and third-year students (27-54%, P < .01). Conclusion: The use of tympanic membrane photographs from standardized patients provides a novel technique for objectively assessing proficiency in otoscopic visualization of the middle ear. The concept is low cost, uses live patients, and can be easily implemented in pre-clinical instruction and beyond.
21
Conway, Jan. "Nineteenth Century Wood Engraving: its commercial decline." Art Libraries Journal 41, no. 4 (September 20, 2016): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2016.23.
Full textAbstract:
The use of wood engraving as a method of graphic reproduction for books, periodicals and newspapers continued for a surprisingly long time after the development of photographic methods. End-grain boxwood engraving was a truly Victorian phenomenon and an understanding of the strengths, weaknesses, versatility and limitations of this technique may perhaps best be reached through an exploration of its commercial decline. The period 1860–1900 saw a combination of competing technical, economic and aesthetic demands influencing the development of illustrative processes and eventually led to the end of commercial wood engraving. A form of engraving closer to Bewick's original interpretation of the craft re-emerged through the arts and crafts movement and the establishment of private presses during the inter-war period.
22
Morton, Heather. "The New Visual Testimonial: Narrative, Authenticity, and Subjectivity in Emerging Commercial Photographic Practice." Media and Communication 5, no. 2 (March 29, 2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i2.809.
Full textAbstract:
By studying the cultural and aesthetic impact of increasingly pervasive digital technologies and mass amateurization, this paper examines the ramifications of the networked information economy on professional photographic practice and considers the concomitant implications for the photographic classroom. Using the framework of convergence culture as per the writings of Yochai Benkler, Henry Jenkins, Mark Deuze, and Axel Bruns, the impact of accessible and instantaneous image creation and dispersal are explored. Given the rise of consumer engagement in brand co-creation on social media platforms, we can observe massive changes to professional practice in areas such as aesthetics, and the erosion of previous sustainable business models. Indeed, as traditional notions of “expertise” shift from technological prowess to narrative and disseminative abilities, the effects on commercial practice and photographic education need to be addressed. This paper argues that there are three emerging priorities for commercial image use: narrative ability, authenticity, and subjectivity and suggests initial steps in their pedagogical application. By acknowledging these transformations, this paper explores the idea that students need to harness technique, social media influence, adaptability, subjectivity, and storytelling power in order to better serve emerging image-based needs in commercial spaces.
23
Chumrum, Pakorn, and Varunee Premanond. "Wear Behavior of the CVD and PVD Coated Piercing Punch." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.499.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of PVD and CVD process of TiCN film coating on SKH51 JIS tool steel on reducing wear in piercing operation. Both processes of PVD and CVD were carried out under commercial conditions. It was found that the amount of wear found for TiCN-PVD coated punch is lower than that of CVD coated punch. Adhesive strength of film coated by CVD technique is found lower which is related to photograph taken from SEM show major adhesive wear.
24
Yin, Hong, Zanyao Yan, and Randall R. Bresee. "Experimental Study of the Meltblowing Process." International Nonwovens Journal os-8, no. 1 (March 1999): 1558925099OS—80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925099os-800122.
Full textAbstract:
High-speed digital imaging techniques and web measurements were used to investigate the meltblowing (MB) process. We evaluated fiber diameter, fiber orientation, fiber entanglement, fiber velocity and fiber acceleration between the die and collector. Three processing variables were studied: primary air pressure, die-to-collector distance and collector surface speed. Although results of this investigation are somewhat preliminary, they provide fundamental information about the MB process and increase our understanding of it. Introduction Meltblowing (MB) is a fast, chaotic and complicated process. These features make it difficult to study the MB process theoretically as well as experimentally and most researchers have simply studied the effects of resin and process variables on web structure or web properties. Some researchers, however, have reported on-line measurements during MB [1–9]. Bansal and Shambaugh measured fiber temperature during single-hole MB using an infrared camera [1]. Wu and Shambaugh measured fiber velocity using laser Doppler velocimetry during single-hole MB [2]. Shambaugh and others reported experimental measurements of fiber motion and fiber diameter using a single-hole die [1–7]. Multiple-exposed photographs using conventional film were produced with a strobe light in a dark room to study fiber motion and single-exposed photographs were used to estimate fiber diameter. The exposure duration of the strobe light (50 μs), however, was not short enough to eliminate image blur and obtain sharp images so the primary air velocity used during MB was low (17–55 m/s). Milligan and Utsman used a similar film-based photographic technique to investigate MB using a 30-hole die [8]. Bresee and Yan used a video imaging technique to investigate the dynamics of web formation at the collector of a 600-hole MB line [9]. Measurements of the dynamics between the die and collector of a high-speed commercial-like MB process would be expected to be especially desirable for understanding MB. To directly observe dynamic motions during this fast process, it is necessary to use a short exposure time to freeze motion in each image and a high framing rate to resolve fast fiber motions. We used a high-speed digital camera from Vision Research Inc. to acquire images as rapidly as 1,000 frames/s. The camera produced image frames with a spatial resolution as great as 512×512 pixels and 8-bit gray level resolution (256 gray levels). Electronic shuttering of the camera provided exposure times as short as 50 μs/frame. To obtain exposure times shorter than 50 μs or to obtain multiple-exposed images, a high-speed pulsed laser from Oxford Lasers, Inc. was used for illumination. The laser produced 100 watt peak power at 805 nm and pulse durations as short as 1 μs were synchronized with the camera.
25
Lizun, Damian, Teresa Kurkiewicz, Mateusz Mądry, Bogusław Szczupak, and Jarosław Rogóż. "Evolution of Liu Kang’s Palette and Painting Practice for the Execution of Female Nude Paintings: The Analytical Investigation of a Genre." Heritage 5, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 896–935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5020050.
Full textAbstract:
The comprehensive technical investigation of female nude paintings by the Singapore pioneer artist Liu Kang (1911–2004) provided the evidence for a discussion of the evolution of his palette of colours and his working process for expression in this genre, particularly the execution of female bodies. As the artist’s free expression in classical nude paintings was limited by the censorship imposed by the Singapore government, the investigated artworks span two periods, 1927–1954 (early career) and 1992–1999 (the “golden years”, during which censorship policies were relaxed). Hence, eight paintings from the Liu family and National Gallery Singapore were selected for non- and micro-invasive analyses of the paint layers. The obtained results were supplemented with archival sources to elucidate certain aspects of Liu Kang’s working practice. The investigation revealed the importance of drawing and sketching studies in the development of artistic ideas. The analytical techniques, such as polarised light microscopy (PLM), field emission scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FE-SEM-EDS) and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), enabled us to observe a transition from the yellow iron-based tonal ranges of skin colours to complex pigment mixtures composed of additions of cobalt blue, ultramarine, Prussian blue, Cr-containing yellow(s) and green(s), cadmium yellow, orange and/or red and organic reds, revealing the artist’s more liberal use of colours and his experimentation with their contrasting and complementary juxtaposes. In terms of painting technique, the artist’s comparatively laborious paint application using small brushes quickly gave way to a more effortless manipulation of the paint using bigger brushes and the incorporation of palette knives. Moreover, visible light (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray radiography (XRR) imaging techniques led to the discovery of a hidden composition in one investigated artwork, which bears resemblance to the nude painting known only from an archival photograph. Additionally, for the first time, the archival search provided photographic evidence that Liu Kang used oil paint tubes from Royal Talens and Rowney in the 1990s. Overall, this in-depth investigation contributes to the understanding of Liu Kang’s approach to the female nude painting and may assist conservators and art historians in studies of twentieth-century commercial paints.
26
Syahdiza, Eldiapma, Dira Herawati, and Putri Khairina Masta. "PEMANFAATAN PERABOT RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI PROPERTI ALTERNATIF DALAM PEMBUATAN FOTOGRAFI KOMERSIAL." Artchive: Indonesia Journal of Visual Art and Design 1, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53666/artchive.v1i1.1560.
Full textAbstract:
Photography has become part of human’s life especially teenagers. It’s supported by a quite significant technology advancement particularly related to gadgets. The activity related to photography is a creative activity that enables students to become creative and imaginative persons. Data were obtained through the methods of library research and field research. Techniques used in field research were observation and documentation. Observation was done on SMAN 3 Padangpanjang students given the training about the utilization of household goods as an alternative property in the camerawork of commercial photography. The documentation of training activity also became the data source. After collecting data, they were analyzed by using comparative and descriptive techniques. Data result showed that students tried to think creatively and innovatively based on what they’d been learned in training activity. Every student has potential to become creative and innovative person if s/he is supported by her/his environment and given motivation. ABSTRAKFotografi sudah menjadi bagian dalam kehidupan manusia khususnya para remaja. Ini didukung oleh perkembangan teknologi yang cukup signifikan khususnya teknologi yang berhubungan dengan gawai (gadget) seperti laptop dan handphone. Aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan fotografi merupakan suatu aktivitas yang kreatif yang dapat membuat para siswa menjadi pribadi yang kreatif dan imajinatif. Data diperoleh melalui metode studi literatur dan studi lapangan. Teknik yang digunakan dalam metode studi lapangan adalah teknik observasi dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan pada siswa SMAN 3 Padangpanjang yang diberi pelatihan tentang pemanfaatan barang-barang rumah tangga sebagai properti alternatif dalam pemotretan fotografi komersial. Selain melakukan observasi, dokumentasi kegiatan pelatihan juga menjadi sumber data untuk pembuatan jurnal ini. Setelah data terkumpul, data dianalis dengan menggunakan teknik komparatif dan deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan bahwa para siswa berusaha untuk berfikir kreatif dan inovatif berdasarkan apa yang telah dipelajarinya di kegiatan pelatihan. Setiap siswa mempunyai potensi untuk menjadi kreatif dan inovatif jika dia didukung oleh lingkungannya dan diberi motivasi.
27
Cullen, Sean, Ruth Mackay, Amir Mohagheghi, and Xinli Du. "The Use of Smartphone Photogrammetry to Digitise Transtibial Sockets: Optimisation of Method and Quantitative Evaluation of Suitability." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 8405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248405.
Full textAbstract:
The fit of a lower limb prosthetic socket is critical for user comfort and the quality of life of lower limb amputees. Sockets are conventionally produced using hand-crafted patient-based casting techniques. Modern digital techniques offer a host of advantages to the process and ultimately lead to improving the lives of amputees. However, commercially available scanning equipment required is often expensive and proprietary. Smartphone photogrammetry could offer a low cost alternative, but there is no widely accepted imaging technique for prosthetic socket digitisation. Therefore, this paper aims to determine an optimal imaging technique for whole socket photogrammetry and evaluate the resultant scan measurement accuracy. A 3D printed transtibial socket was produced to create digital and physical twins, as reference models. The printed socket was photographed from 360 positions and simplified genetic algorithms were used to design a series of experiments, whereby a collection of photos were processed using Autodesk ReCap. The most fit technique was used to assess accuracy. The accuracy of the socket wall volume, surface area and height were 61.63%, 99.61% and 99.90%, respectively, when compared to the digital reference model. The scanned model had a wall thickness ranging from 2.075 mm at the top to 7.758 mm towards the base of the socket, compared to a consistent thickness of 2.025 mm in the control model. The technique selected did not show sufficient accuracy for clinical application due to the degradation of accuracy nearer to the base of the socket interior. However, using an internal wall thickness estimation, scans may be of sufficient accuracy for clinical use; assuming a uniform wall thickness.
28
Siqueira, Euler David de, and Joana da Silva Castro Santos. "Leisure, Work and Memory in Parque do Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Revista Rosa dos Ventos - Turismo e Hospitalidade 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/21789061.v13i1p200.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this work is to understand the different uses and social practices expressed in Parque do Flamengo [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil], a World Heritage Site since 2012. Much more than just a leisure space, disputes and tensions are also manifested in Aterro do Flamengo. Sports, commercial, educational, recreational, spiritual and medicinal practices inscribe in this site different logics as well as different memories and body techniques. In the practices of work, sporting and commemorative that were observed in 2018, the body appears as a place of memory. In our analysis, we used a hermeneutic-interpretative approach and a relational anthropological look. The methodology used in this work, has a qualitative nature and makes use of bibliographic and fieldwork research and also photography.
29
Manson, F. J., N. R. Loneragan, I. M. McLeod, and R. A. Kenyon. "Assessing techniques for estimating the extent of mangroves: topographic maps, aerial photographs and Landsat TM images." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 5 (2001): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00052.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal habitats are critical to the sustained production of many fisheries. It is important, therefore, that fishery managers obtain accurate estimates of the extent of these habitats. This study investigated three methods of estimating the linear extent and area of mangroves (commercially available topographic data, aerial photographs and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery) in two regions in northern Australia: the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf (in particular, the Berkeley and Lyne Rivers) with typically narrow fringes of mangroves (<50 m wide), and the Embley River on Cape York Peninsula,with much broader mangrove stands (50–1000 m wide). Ground-truthing verified that aerial photographs provided the most accurate estimates of extents of mangroves in all rivers,because of their high spatial resolution (2 m). Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery gave good estimates of the area of habitats, but, because of the 30 m pixel resolution, it underestimated the linear extent in places where the mangrove fringe was narrow. Topographic data gave good estimates of the extent of mangroves where the forests were more extensive and less linear in shape, but were very poor otherwise at this scale. These findings have implications for the use of remote sensing techniques in ecological studies in these regions.
30
Quintero Balbas, Diego, Barbara Cattaneo, Andrea Cagnini, Paolo Belluzzo, Silvia Innocenti, Sandra Rossi, Raffaella Fontana, and Jana Striova. "The Colors of the Butterfly Wings: Non-Invasive Microanalytical Studies of Hand-Coloring Materials in 19th-Century Daguerreotypes." Heritage 5, no. 4 (December 18, 2022): 4306–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040221.
Full textAbstract:
The public expected color from the early photographic images, yet, daguerreotypes—the first commercially available photographic process—failed to register the natural colors. Daguerreotypists developed several coloring methods to solve this inconvenience after 1840. Scientific analyses of the hand-colored daguerreotypes are limited, and the primary information sources available are manuals and patents. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of hand-coloring techniques, which impacts conservation practices, mainly the cleaning procedures and complements technical art history investigations. We studied nine colored daguerreotypes with a non-invasive methodology based on three spectroscopic techniques: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman), and micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in reflection mode (μ-rFTIR). The results revealed the different colorants and some of their mixtures employed by the colorist. It also adds information regarding the photographic production of three studios: Désiré François Millet, active in Paris between 1840 and 1868; Antoine Claudet (1797–1867), active in London; and the James E. McClees and Washington Lafayette Germon studio, operative between 1846 and 1855 in Philadelphia, USA. These technical details constitute a helpful comparison to future studies on Daguerreian studios and colored daguerreotypes.
31
Ali, Shaaban, Osama Hassan, Anand Gopalakrishnan, Aboobacker Muriyan, and Sobers Francis. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Literature Review." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.7.11.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have grown and increased in applications because of computational simplicity and adaptive control capacity with strong support from both civilian and military sectors. The applications of UAVs in various military, commercial and civilian areas have led to sustainable results. The application areas include but are not limited to oil & gas, cargo transport, geographic mapping, aerial photography, health care, and disaster management. The success of the UAV application missions is completely dependent on the accuracy in control provided by the flight controllers. Thus, there is a need for accurate, robust, and adaptive flight controllers. UAV dynamics modeling and identification and control of these vehicles are still major active areas of research and development. They pose severe challenges due to the vehicle's complex design, inherently nonlinear, and time-varying dynamics. The main goal of this paper is to identify the past research trends and recent improvements in UAVs. Furthermore, this paper discusses a comprehensive literature review according to the optimized objectives, solution techniques, and applications of UAVs such as Cargo Transport, Disaster Management, etc. According to the literature review, aerial photography is one of the applications of smart UAVs. The reliability of image matching across multiple camera perspectives, angles, and positions encourages computer vision approaches for UAV navigation, opening the way for future researchers to develop vision applications. This article presents a comprehensive literature review discussing the importance of UAV applications related to cost-effectiveness and versatility. Furthermore, a detailed survey of system modeling identification and control techniques is presented.
32
McCarthy, David M. J., Jim H. Chandler, and Alessandro Palmeri. "Monitoring Dynamic Structural Tests Using Image Deblurring Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.932.
Full textAbstract:
Photogrammetric techniques have demonstrated their suitability for monitoring static structural tests. Advantages include scalability, reduced cost, and three dimensional monitoring of very high numbers of points without direct contact with the test element. Commercial measuring instruments now exist which use this approach. Dynamic testing is becoming a convenient approach for long-term structural health monitoring. If image based methods could be applied to the dynamic case, then the above advantages could prove beneficial. Past work has been successful where the vibration has either large amplitude or low frequency, as even specialist imaging sensors are limited by an inherent compromise between image resolution and imaging frequency. Judgement in sensor selection is therefore critical. Monitoring of structures in real-time is possible only at a reduced resolution, and although imaging and computer processing hardware continuously improves, so the accuracy demands of researchers and engineers increase. A new approach to measuring vibration is introduced here, whereby a long-exposure photograph is used to capture a blurred image of the vibrating structure. The high resolution blurred image showing the whole vibration interval is measured with no need for high-speed imaging. Results are presented for a series of small-scale laboratory models, as well as a larger scale test, which demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed technique. Different image processing strategies are presented and compared, as well as the effects of exposure, aperture and sensitivity selection. Image processing time appears much faster, increasing suitability for real-time monitoring.
33
Tingdahl, David, and Gool Van Luc. "An Enhanced On-Line Service for 3D Model Construction from Photographs." International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 1, no. 2 (June 2012): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.2.277.
Full textAbstract:
We present a web service for image based 3D reconstruction. The system allows a cultural heritage professional to easily create a 3D model of a scene or object out of images taken from different viewpoints. The user uploads the images to our server on which all processing takes place, and the final result can be downloaded upon completion. Any consumer-class digital camera can be used, and the system is free to use for non-commercial purposes. The service includes a number of innovations to greatly simplify the process of taking pictures suitable for reconstruction. In particular, we are able to construct models of planar scenes and from photographs shot using a turntable, and at varying zoom levels. Although the first two may seem like particularly simple cases, they cause some mathematical issues with traditional self-calibration techniques. We handle these cases by taking advantage of a new automatic camera calibration method that uses meta-data stored with the images. For fixed-lens camera setups, we can also reuse previously computed calibrations to support otherwise degenerate scenes. Furthermore, we can automatically compute the relative scale and transformation between two reconstructions of the same scene, merging two reconstructions into one. We demonstrate the capabilities of the system by two case studies: turntable reconstruction of various objects and the reconstruction of a cave, with walls and roof integrated into a complete model.
34
Stearns, Dan T., and Shirley M. Gryczuk. "405 PB 016 A STUDY OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES USING VIDEO IMAGING TECHNIQUES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 489a—489. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.489a.
Full textAbstract:
Certain principles that appear in examples of successful design create the structure around which landscape design education is woven. Concepts of balance, contrast, rhythm, dominance, unity, and order must be understood before quality &sign is produced, but these concepts are often difficult to explain in a classroom situation. Commercially available vi&o imaging software has proven to be a valuable tool in increasing student understanding of design principles. After scanning an actual site photograph, students add, delete, or modify plant materials and other amenities to strengthen the design principles as they relate to the specific site. Benefits of this method over traditional lecture or studio techniques include the ability to investigate a variety of sites and an increased ability to observe the inter-dependency of design principles. As modifications are made to strengthen one principle, the others are also affected in either a positive or negative manner.
35
Aide, Christine, Michael Aide, Pat Voelker, and Kelly Macke. "Determining the Relative Canopy Coverage with a Digital Image and Adobe Photoshop®: A Pilot Project to Introduce a Low Cost Technique." Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 41, no. 2007 (January 1, 2007): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30956/0544-540x-41.2007.20.
Full textAbstract:
Determining canopy coverage in rice (Oryza sativa L) between the 4th tillering stage to internode elongation to harvest allows the assessment of the degree of tillering and indicates the adequacy of the nitrogen fertilization program. This investigation is a technique project to determine if images obtained from moderately priced digital cameras ($200–$300 range) and commercially available imaging processing software (Abode Photos hop®) may effectively estimate the percent canopy coverage. The image analysis is performed using the “magic wand” feature in the software package to isolate and then recolor the soil using the “paint bucket” feature to enhance the color contrast. The second procedure involves overlaying the image with a grid so the percent canopy cover area can be estimated for the area of the photograph. Preliminary work in the field shows that this technique can discriminate canopy coverage in high and low nitrogen plots in rice.
36
Patrick, Van Esch, Mutti Paolo, Ruiz-Martinez Emilio, Abad Garcia Estefania, Mosconi Marita, and Ortega Jon. "Counting neutrons with a commercial S-CMOS camera." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817001018.
Full textAbstract:
It is possible to detect individual flashes from thermal neutron impacts in a ZnS scintillator using a CMOS camera looking at the scintillator screen, and off line image processing. Some preliminary results indicated that the efficiency of recognition could be improved by optimizing the light collection and the image processing. We will report on this ongoing work which is a result from the collaboration between ESS Bilbao and the ILL. The main progress to be reported is situated on the level of the on-line treatment of the imaging data. If this technology is to work on a genuine scientific instrument, it is necessary that all the processing happens on line, to avoid the accumulation of large amounts of image data to be analyzed off line. An FPGA-based real-time full-deca mode VME-compatible CameraLink board has been developed at the SCI of the ILL, which is able to manage the data flow from the camera and convert it in a reasonable “neutron impact” data flow like from a usual neutron counting detector. The main challenge of the endeavor is the optical light collection from the scintillator. While the light yield of a ZnS scintillator is a priori rather important, the amount of light collected with a photographic objective is small. Different scintillators and different light collection techniques have been experimented with and results will be shown for different setups improving upon the light recuperation on the camera sensor. Improvements on the algorithm side will also be presented. The algorithms have to be at the same time efficient in their recognition of neutron signals, in their rejection of noise signals (internal and external to the camera) but also have to be simple enough to be easily implemented in the FPGA. The path from the idea of detecting individual neutron impacts with a CMOS camera to a practical working instrument detector is challenging, and in this paper we will give an overview of the part of the road that has already been walked.
37
Barazzetti, L., D. Mezzino, and M. Santana Quintero. "DIGITAL WORKFLOW FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BAHRAIN BUILT HERITAGE: THE SHEIK ISA BIN ALI HOUSE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 18, 2017): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-65-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the commercial market offers several tools for digital documentation of historic sites and buildings. Photogrammetry and laser scanning play a fundamental role in the acquisition of metric information, which is then processed to generate reliable records particularly useful also in the built heritage conservation field. Although potentially very fast and accurate, such techniques require expert operators to produce reliable results, especially in the case of complex and large sites.<br><br> The aim of this paper is to present the digital workflow developed for data acquisition and processing of the Shaikh Isa Bin Ali house in Muharraq, Bahrain. This historic structure is an outstanding example of Bahrain architecture as well as tangible memory of the country history, with strong connotations in the Bahrain cultural identity. The building has been documented employing several digital techniques, including: aerial (drone) and terrestrial photogrammetry, rectifying photography, total station and laser scanning. The documentation project has been developed for the Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities (BACA) by a multidisciplinary team of experts from Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS, Carleton University, Canada) and Gicarus Lab (Politecnico di Milano, Italy).
38
Van Asbroeck, Stephanie, and Christophe Matthys. "Use of Different Food Image Recognition Platforms in Dietary Assessment: Comparison Study." JMIR Formative Research 4, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): e15602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15602.
Full textAbstract:
Background In the domain of dietary assessment, there has been an increasing amount of criticism of memory-based techniques such as food frequency questionnaires or 24 hour recalls. One alternative is logging pictures of consumed food followed by an automatic image recognition analysis that provides information on type and amount of food in the picture. However, it is currently unknown how well commercial image recognition platforms perform and whether they could indeed be used for dietary assessment. Objective This is a comparative performance study of commercial image recognition platforms. Methods A variety of foods and beverages were photographed in a range of standardized settings. All pictures (n=185) were uploaded to selected recognition platforms (n=7), and estimates were saved. Accuracy was determined along with totality of the estimate in the case of multiple component dishes. Results Top 1 accuracies ranged from 63% for the application programming interface (API) of the Calorie Mama app to 9% for the Google Vision API. None of the platforms were capable of estimating the amount of food. These results demonstrate that certain platforms perform poorly while others perform decently. Conclusions Important obstacles to the accurate estimation of food quantity need to be overcome before these commercial platforms can be used as a real alternative for traditional dietary assessment methods.
39
Choi, Jongseong, Lazaros Toumanidis, Chul Min Yeum, Patrikakis Charalampos, Ali Lenjani, Xiaoyu Liu, Panagiotis Kasnesis, Ricardo Ortiz, Ning-Jun Jiang, and Shirley J. Dyke. "Automated Graffiti Detection: A Novel Approach to Maintaining Historical Architecture in Communities." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062983.
Full textAbstract:
Graffiti is common in many communities and even affects our historical and heritage structures. This leads to a decrease in the revenue associated with commercial activities or services (e.g., shops, restaurants, residences), and potentially reduces tourism in a region. Visual data, in the form of photographs, is becoming an efficient mechanism to record information. Photographs can be quickly captured, and are already frequently posted online by ordinary citizens (e.g., tourists, residents, visitors). Exploiting image data through automation and computer vision provides a new opportunity to simplify the current manual graffiti-monitoring processes, enabling automated detection, localization, and quantification of such markings. In this study, we developed a vision-based graffiti-detection technique using a convolutional neural network. Images collected from historical structures of interest within a community can be utilized to automatically inspect for graffiti markings. In the case in which citizens collect and contribute data, there is a high degree of duplication and repetition, and potentially a lack of GPS information. These hinder the direct use of the images for automating the process. To address these challenges, we built high-resolution, single-view façade images (orthophotos) before applying our robust graffiti detector. The robust graffiti detector was built using a database with 1022 images of damaged or contaminated structures gathered during a recent European Union project, entitled “Safeguarding Cultural Heritage through Technical and Organisational Resources Management” (STORM). A total of 818 images were used for training (10% of the training set was randomly chosen for the validation set), achieving 88% accuracy among the remaining 204 samples for testing. Using the trained detector, the technique developed was demonstrated using data collected from the Church of Agios Nikolaos (Leontariou), Kantza, Greece.
40
Bhagwat, Durgacharan Arun, and John Intru DSouza. "Formulation and evaluation of solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system using aerosil 200 as solid carrier." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 1, no. 12 (November 1, 2012): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i12.12451.
Full textAbstract:
Improvement of bio-availability of poorly water soluble drugs presents one of the furthermost challenge in drug formulations. One of the most admired and commercially viable formulation approach for this challenge is solid self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS). There are many techniques to convert liquid SMEDDS to solid, but an adsorption technique is simple and economic. Hence aim of present study was to develop S-SMEDDS of poorly water soluble drug Telmisartan (TEL) using Aerosil 200 as solid carrier. Liquid SMEDDS was prepared using Acrysol EL 135, Tween 80 and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant and was converted to S-SMEDDS by adsorbing it on Aerosil 200. Prepared S-SMEDDS was evaluated for flow properties, drug content, reconstitution properties, DSC, SEM, in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo intestinal permeability study. Results showed that prepared S-SMEDDS have good flow property with 99.45 ± 0.02% drug content. Dilution study by visual observation showed that there was spontaneous micro emulsification and no sign of phase separation. Droplet size was found to be 0.34 µm with polydispersity index of 0.25. DSC thermogram showed that crystallization of TEL was inhibited. SEM photograph showed smooth surface of S-SMEDDS with less aggregation. Drug releases from S- SMEDDS were found to be significantly higher as compared with that of plain TEL. Ex-vivo intestinal permeability study revealed that diffusion of drug was significantly higher from S-SMEDDS than that of suspension of plain TEL. Study concluded that S-SMEDDS can effectively formulated by adsorption technique with enhanced dissolution rate and concomitantly bioavailability.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i12.12451 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(12): 414-419
41
Fuentes, Sigfredo, Gabriela Chacon, Damir D. Torrico, Andrea Zarate, and Claudia Gonzalez Viejo. "Spatial Variability of Aroma Profiles of Cocoa Trees Obtained through Computer Vision and Machine Learning Modelling: A Cover Photography and High Spatial Remote Sensing Application." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143054.
Full textAbstract:
Cocoa is an important commodity crop, not only to produce chocolate, one of the most complex products from the sensory perspective, but one that commonly grows in developing countries close to the tropics. This paper presents novel techniques applied using cover photography and a novel computer application (VitiCanopy) to assess the canopy architecture of cocoa trees in a commercial plantation in Queensland, Australia. From the cocoa trees monitored, pod samples were collected, fermented, dried, and ground to obtain the aroma profile per tree using gas chromatography. The canopy architecture data were used as inputs in an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, with the aroma profile, considering six main aromas, as targets. The ANN model rendered high accuracy (correlation coefficient (R) = 0.82; mean squared error (MSE) = 0.09) with no overfitting. The model was then applied to an aerial image of the whole cocoa field studied to produce canopy vigor, and aroma profile maps up to the tree-by-tree scale. The tool developed could significantly aid the canopy management practices in cocoa trees, which have a direct effect on cocoa quality.
42
Anders, Niels, João Valente, Rens Masselink, and Saskia Keesstra. "Comparing Filtering Techniques for Removing Vegetation from UAV-Based Photogrammetric Point Clouds." Drones 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3030061.
Full textAbstract:
Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are 3D representations of the Earth’s surface and have numerous applications in geomorphology, hydrology and ecology. Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry using photographs obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been increasingly used for obtaining high resolution DEMs. These DEMs are interpolated from point clouds representing entire landscapes, including points of terrain, vegetation and infrastructure. Up to date, there has not been any study clearly comparing different algorithms for filtering of vegetation. The objective in this study was, therefore, to assess the performance of various vegetation filter algorithms for SfM-obtained point clouds. The comparison was done for a Mediterranean area in Murcia, Spain with heterogeneous vegetation cover. The filter methods that were compared were: color-based filtering using an excessive greenness vegetation index (VI), Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN) densification from LAStools, the standard method in Agisoft Photoscan (PS), iterative surface lowering (ISL), and a combination of iterative surface lowering and the VI method (ISL_VI). Results showed that for bare areas there was little to no difference between the filtering methods, which is to be expected because there is little to no vegetation present to filter. For areas with shrubs and trees, the ISL_VI and TIN method performed best. These results show that different filtering techniques have various degrees of success in different use cases. A default filter in commercial software such as Photoscan may not always be the best way to remove unwanted vegetation from a point cloud, but instead alternative methods such as a TIN densification algorithm should be used to obtain a vegetation-less Digital Terrain Model (DTM).
43
Bu, Changming, Haiyan Yang, Lei Liu, Dongxu Zhu, Yi Sun, Linwen Yu, Yuhui Ouyang, Xuemei Cao, and Qike Wei. "Quantification of Ceramsite Granules in Lightweight Concrete Panels through an Image Analysis Technique." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031063.
Full textAbstract:
Ceramsite particles are an important component of lightweight ceramsite concrete wall panels, and the density of the aggregate is much lower than the density of the slurry. It is generally accepted that there are inhomogeneities in the distribution of ceramsite particles in wall panels. Ceramsite concrete wallboard material is a research hotspot in the field of fabricated building materials at home and abroad; however, there is no effective way to quantify their inhomogeneity. Based on the application of image recognition technology in concrete homogeneity, a method to quantitatively evaluate the distribution of light aggregates in wall panels was developed. Three commercial lightweight vitrified concrete wall panels were cut into 324 cubes. The four cut surfaces of each specimen were photographed to analyze the proportion of ceramsite particle area, while the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and compressive strength of the specimens were tested. The results demonstrated that the image analysis method could effectively describe the homogeneity of the panels. The proportion of particle area of aggregate in the section of the cube had a strong correlation with the compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and density, and there was an obvious linear relationship with the height of the plate where the cube was located. Based on this, the correlation equations of the proportion of particle area of aggregate, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, and the height where the specimen was located were proposed. The quantitative parameters of the relevant properties of the wall panels were also obtained: the maximum difference between the proportion of particle area of the aggregate was 24%, the maximum difference between the density at the top and bottom of the wall panels was 115 kg/m3, and the maximum difference in the strength reached 5 MPa.
44
Godinez, B., C. S. Galina, H. Leon, M. Gutierrez, and N. Moreno-Mendoza. "Assessment of the viability of embryos stored in liquid nitrogen produced commercially using culture medium as a complementary test for stereoscopic microscopy." Zygote 21, no. 2 (November 9, 2011): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199411000669.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the viability of frozen embryos obtained from various private farmers in a culture medium for 4 h. Forty-seven embryos were used that had been previously graded as good and fair. These embryos were evaluated using stereoscopic microscopy by experienced clinicians prior to freezing. Embryos were divided in two groups: the non-cultured group, made up of six good quality embryos, and five fair; and the cultured group that consisted of 20 good quality embryos and 16 fair. Fifty-four per cent of the good quality embryos achieved a favourable development during culture whereas just 42% of embryos determined to be fair were observed to have adequate development. This evaluation was undertaken by serial photographs obtained at the onset of culture and 4 h later. This finding was corroborated by a more specific technique: terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labelling–bromodeoxyuridine (TUNEL–BrdU). These results are indicative of the necessity of tight quality controls for commercially produced frozen embryos, as once thawed it is unlikely that clinicians will examine them to determine their physiological status prior to transfer.
45
Kariper, İ. A., and T. Özpozan. "Cobalt Xanthate Thin Film with Chemical Bath Deposition." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/139864.
Full textAbstract:
Cobalt xanthate thin films (CXTFs) were successfully deposited by chemical bath deposition, onto amorphous glass substrates, as well as on p- and n-silicon, indium tin oxide, and poly(methyl methacrylate). The structure of the films was analyzed by far-infrared spectrum (FIR), mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These films were investigated from their structural, optical, and electrical properties point of view. Electrical properties were measured using four-point method, whereas optical properties were investigated via UV-VIS spectroscopic technique. Uniform distribution of grains was clearly observed from the photographs taken by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The transmittance was about 70–80% (4 hours, 50°C). The optical band gap of the CXTF was graphically estimated to be 3.99–4.02 eV. The resistivity of the films was calculated as 22.47–75.91 Ω·cm on commercial glass depending on film thickness and 44.90–73.10Ω ·cm on the other substrates. It has been observed that the relative resistivity changed with film thickness. The MIR and FIR spectra of the films were in agreement with the literature analogues. The expected peaks of cobalt xanthate were observed in NMR analysis on glass. The films were dipped in chloroform as organic solvent and were analyzed by NMR.
46
Lopes, Vauvenargues, Alexandre Alves de Carvalho, Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci, Heitor Luiz Heiderich Roza, Felipe Campos Figueiredo, and José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto. "Macronutrient Suppression in Nutrient Solution Alters the Growth and Citral Content of Cymbopogon flexuosus." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 6 (May 15, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n6p320.
Full textAbstract:
Cymbopogon flexuosus Stapf is a medicinal species cultivated on several continents. The essential oil extracted from its leaves has relevant commercial value and is widely used in flavoring agents, fragrances, perfumery, cosmetics, soaps, and detergents as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluated the effect of macronutrient suppression on the growth, visual diagnosis, content, and chemical composition of C. flexuosus essential oil in a hydroponic culture. A completely randomized design with four replicates was used, with three plants per pot in each replicate. The treatments were characterized by suppressing the macronutrients, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, under the missing element technique. After 90 days of cultivation, the deficiency symptoms were photographed and characterized. The dry biomass of the roots and shoot, root-to-shoot ratio, number of tillers, leaf analysis, content, yield, and chemical composition of the essential oil were evaluated. Macronutrient suppression in a hydroponic culture influenced growth and chemical composition of C. flexuosus essential oil. Total biomass production was more limited in potassium and magnesium omission. Suppressing sulfur promoted an increase in content and yield of essential oil. The highest citral content was observed in phosphorus and nitrogen omission.
47
Vazquez, Abigail Trujillo, Susanne Klein, Xavi Aure Calvet, and Carinna Parraman. "Retrieving the ancient colours: artistic practice as a tool for heritage reconstruction." Color and Imaging Conference 2020, no. 28 (November 4, 2020): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2020.28.45.
Full textAbstract:
The frieze of the Palace of the stuccoes, dated between the 5 th and 6 th century BC, was a polychrome Maya relief discovered in the 1907 in Yucatán, Mexico. It was documented in watercolours and hand tinted photographs by Adela Breton. After years of exposure to the harsh environmental conditions of the Maya area, the colours and the stucco relief disappeared. The aim of the project is to develop a hybrid digital-analogue printing method for reconstructing the appearance of the original polychrome relief based on digitised hand-made records.<br/> A description of the process to produce full colour images combining digital and photomechanical printing is provided. Using photopolymer plates, an intaglio printing process has been used to produce colour images, whilst inverse relief plates have been created based on height maps to transfer a positive embossing on paper when applying pressure on a printing press. The influence of physical parameters related to the appearance is studied. Reflectance Transformation Imaging was carried out to record the colour and surface shape of the prints. Measurements of gloss were made on relief inkjet prints and intaglio prints on paper to compare the outcomes of commercial 2.5D print and the method proposed here.<br/> By modifying an analogue process with digital technology, it is possible to incorporate ancient materials to the printmaking process and therefore approach naturally the appearance of the original. On the other hand, incorporating imaging techniques and quality measurements enables to improve the quality in analogue printing techniques.
48
Safari, Mohammad Reza, Philip Rowe, and Arjan Buis. "Accuracy Verification of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technology for Lower-Limb Prosthetic Research: Utilising Animal Soft Tissue Specimen and Common Socket Casting Materials." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/156186.
Full textAbstract:
Lower limb prosthetic socket shape and volume consistency can be quantified using MRI technology. Additionally, MRI images of the residual limb could be used as an input data for CAD-CAM technology and finite element studies. However, the accuracy of MRI when socket casting materials are used has to be defined. A number of six, 46 mm thick, cross-sections of an animal leg were used. Three specimens were wrapped with Plaster of Paris (POP) and the other three with commercially available silicone interface liner. Data was obtained by utilising MRI technology and then the segmented images compared to corresponding calliper measurement, photographic imaging, and water suspension techniques. The MRI measurement results were strongly correlated with actual diameter, surface area, and volume measurements. The results show that the selected scanning parameters and the semiautomatic segmentation method are adequate enough, considering the limit of clinical meaningful shape and volume fluctuation, for residual limb volume and the cross-sectional surface area measurements.
49
Zhang, Xiao, and David Joy. "Divergent-beam holography with a 200keV FE TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087707.
Full textAbstract:
A hologram, first described and named by Gabor (1949), permits a medium such as photographic film, which responds only to intensity, to store the complete amplitude and phase information which characterizes an electron wavefront. The hologram is formed by allowing some fraction of a coherent electron wave which has interacted with a specimen to interact again with original incident wave so as to generate an interference pattern. If the hologram is then itself illuminated by a coherent light source and optical system which mimic the original electron-optical system then a pair of images -one real and the other virtual -can be reconstructed and viewed. Because the hologram contains both the amplitude and the phase data of the wavefront, errors and distortions in either component due to aberrations in the objective lens can be corrected by optical manipulates before the image is reconstructed. With the advent of commercial field emission transmission electron microscopes capable of generating both high resolution images and highly coherent electron beams, these holographic techniques are now available as practical tools to improve TEM performance as well as to create new modes of images (Tonomura 1987).
50
Cirklová, Jitka. "Reaffirming Identity Through Images. The commodification of Illusions in the Contemporary Presentation of Self." methaodos revista de ciencias sociales 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17502/m.rcs.v8i1.351.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the construction of an ideal image of the self will be discussed within the theoretical framework of “Representation”. Drawing more on Hall’s concept of representation I would like to concentrate on the practices of “stereotyping”, drawing out the links between representation and stereotype that are closely connected with the production of mass culture, consumerism, institutions, and social media. Photos from galleries and museums and heritage locations taken and shared on social media can be understood as a commodified presentation of the tourist experience of an attractive location that has come into existence in order to narrate an ideal trip. After a picture is shared on social networks, the process of the commodification of an illusion starts − an illusion that was shared and presented as a personal authentic proof of the visit to the location and experiencing a unique moment. Often one particular image from a museum is massively reproduced and becomes a form of an ideal souvenir or a goal of travel. The connection of the centrality of the location captured in images, stereotyping, and identity is crucial in this research. The aim of this text is to understand the current trends of enhancing identity via creating and consuming images and portraits. It also aims to address the changing patterns and techniques of visual self-presentation, pointing out shared cultural values that are becoming certain global standards and institutionalized conventions of the personal and professional commercial photography.