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Therdthai, Nantawan, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Modelling and optimisation of an industrial bread baking oven." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Therdthai_N.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/545.
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In bread-making, the baking process is one of the key steps to produce the final product quality attributes including texture, color and flavor, as a result of several thermal reactions such as non-enzymatic browning reaction, starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation. These thermal reactions are dominated by heat and mass transfer mechanisms inside an oven chamber as well as inside the dough pieces. In this study, an industrial baking process was divided into 4 zones. Experiments were conducted, and mathematical models were developed to account for the heat and mass contribution as well as their consequent impacts on the product qualities. Monitoring systems were developed and installed inside an industrial oven to evaluate oven performance, including temperature profile and airflow pattern. Many other tests and experiments were conducted and results given in some detail. To deal with the complexity of a continuous baking process, a three dimensional transient-state CFD model with moving grids was established to account for the effect of oven load on heat transfer in the oven chamber. The dynamic response of the travelling tin temperature profiles could be predicted in accordance with a change in the oven load. The modelled tin temperature profiles showed a good agreement with the measured tin temperature profiles from the actual industrial baking process. Finally, the three-dimensional CFD model could provide guidance in manipulating the oven condition to achieve the optimum temperature profile in the industrial travelling-tray baking oven.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Shevade, Shantanu S. "Simulation of Turbulent Air Jet Impingement for Commercial Cooking Applications." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7362.
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The research work in this dissertation focuses on turbulent air jet heat transfer for commercial cooking applications.
As a part of this study, convective heat transfer coefficient and its interdependency with various key parameters is analyzed for single nozzle turbulent jet impingement. Air is used as the working fluid impinging on the flat surface. A thorough investigation of velocity and temperature distributions is performed by varying nozzle velocity and height over diameter ratio (H/D). Nusselt number and Turbulent Energy are presented for the impingement surface. It was found that for H/D ratios ranging between 6 and 8, nozzle velocities over 20 m/s provide a large percentage increase in heat transfer.
Single nozzle jet impingement is followed by study of turbulent multi-jet impingement. Along with parameters mentioned above, spacing over diameter ratio (S/D) is varied. Convective heat transfer coefficient, average impingement surface temperature and heat transfer rate are calculated over the impingement surface. It was found that higher S/D ratios result in higher local heat transfer coefficient values near stagnation point. However, increased spacing between the neighboring jets results in reduced coverage of the impingement surface lowering the average heat transfer. Lower H/D ratios result in higher heat transfer coefficient peaks. The peaks for all three nozzles are more uniform for H/D ratios between 6 and 8. For a fixed nozzle velocity, heat transfer coefficient values are directly proportional to nozzle diameter. For a fixed H/D and S/D ratio, heat transfer rate and average impingement surface temperature increases as the nozzle velocity increases until it reaches a limiting value. Further increase in nozzle velocity causes drop in heat transfer rate due to ingress of large amounts of cold ambient air in the control volume.
The final part of this dissertation focuses on case study of conveyor oven. Lessons learned from analysis of single and multi-jet impingement are implemented in the case study. A systematic approach is used to arrive to an optimal configuration of the oven. As compared to starting configuration, for optimized configuration the improvement in average heat transfer coefficient was 22.7%, improvement in average surface heat flux was 24.7% and improvement in leakage air mass flow rate was 59.1%.
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Therdthai, Nantawan. "Modelling and optimisation of an industrial bread baking oven." Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/545.
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In bread-making, the baking process is one of the key steps to produce the final product quality attributes including texture, color and flavor, as a result of several thermal reactions such as non-enzymatic browning reaction, starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation. These thermal reactions are dominated by heat and mass transfer mechanisms inside an oven chamber as well as inside the dough pieces. In this study, an industrial baking process was divided into 4 zones. Experiments were conducted, and mathematical models were developed to account for the heat and mass contribution as well as their consequent impacts on the product qualities. Monitoring systems were developed and installed inside an industrial oven to evaluate oven performance, including temperature profile and airflow pattern. Many other tests and experiments were conducted and results given in some detail. To deal with the complexity of a continuous baking process, a three dimensional transient-state CFD model with moving grids was established to account for the effect of oven load on heat transfer in the oven chamber. The dynamic response of the travelling tin temperature profiles could be predicted in accordance with a change in the oven load. The modelled tin temperature profiles showed a good agreement with the measured tin temperature profiles from the actual industrial baking process. Finally, the three-dimensional CFD model could provide guidance in manipulating the oven condition to achieve the optimum temperature profile in the industrial travelling-tray baking oven.
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Bowers, Lindsay Jeanine. "Cooked yields, cooked color, tenderness, and sensory traits of beef roasts differing in connective tissue content cooked in an oven with steam generation versus a commercial convection oven to different endpoint temperatures." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9211.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Michael E. Dikeman
The CVap steam generation oven was compared to a Blodgett forced-air, convection oven to examine effects of cooking method on yields, cooked color, tenderness, and sensory traits of beef Longissimus lumborum (LL), Deep pectoralis (DP), and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles cooked to three endpoint temperatures (65.6, 71.1, and 76.7°C). For each cooking treatment, four roasts were cooked in the CVap oven for a pre-determined, average amount of time, and two roasts were cooked in the Blodgett oven until they reached desired internal endpoint temperature. Cooking yields were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for BF and LL roasts cooked in the CVap. Slice shear force (SSF) for BF roasts cooked in the CVap were lower (P ≤ 0.05), whereas, SSF values for DP roasts cooked in the Blodgett were lower (P ≤ 0.05). No oven difference (P > 0.05) was found for LL roasts. Sensory tenderness scores for BF roasts cooked in the CVap were slightly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than roasts cooked in the Blodgett. Sensory scores for LL roasts cooked in the CVap were slightly higher but were also drier (both P ≤ 0.05). The CVap oven offers tenderization and cooking yield advantages for certain muscles.
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Cunningham, Robert Hay. "A kinetic study of alkane hydrogenolysis over commercial petroleum reforming catalysts." Thesis, Brunel University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306769.
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Terra, Osama [Verfasser]. "Dissemination of ultra-stable optical frequencies over commercial fiber network / Osama Terra." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010837621/34.
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Emmerton, Monika. "Risk perception, profit efficiency in commercial banking : multicountry empirical evidence over 2000-2013." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16421.
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This thesis aims to evaluate and discuss two important aspects of commercial banks performance, implicitly underlying the process of profit generation and its sustainability. Namely, behaviour towards risk, based on data from the UK, the U.S., Japan and profit efficiency, based on data from the UK, the U.S., Japan and Switzerland. In addressing those issues, I used a relatively large data set covering 13 years, divided by the pre-crisis (2000-2006), the financial crisis (2007-2009) and the post-crisis (2010-2013) intervals. Contrary to the neoclassical perspective on risk taking behaviour commonly applied in economics, my research in chapter three introduces an alternative approach - the propositions of Prospect Theory (PT) (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). In line with PT, Bank’s choices under risk and uncertainty are seen as a result involving subjective judgement, sensitive to the way the problem of choice is framed relatively to a performance target, labelled as a status quo. Examination of risk behaviour in the context of PT did not find the significant recognition by previous researchers within commercial banking, therefore the current work aims to fill that identified gap. My next important contribution is in chapter four. There, I established new empirical evidence on profit efficiency. The research incorporates variables not considered before by the literature on profit efficiency in commercial banking, like bank assets liquidity and a consumer confidence index. Overall results indicate that subjectivity bias was an important element of commercial bank risk’s behaviour in pre-crisis. As consistent with the predictions of PT I have found evidence for the presence of non-constant risk preferences. The findings on profit efficiency analysis show that all analysed commercial banks over the crisis period experienced a considerable drop in their ability to generate profits efficiently. Rise of bank assets illiquidity was the most important, significant driver of profit inefficiency over all of the analysed periods. Consumer positive expectations to the state of the economy contributed to improvement of bank profit efficiency. Negative association between market concentration and profit efficiency levels for the pre-crisis period confirms banks’ discretion in profit efficiency maximization.
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Beltran, Daniella. "Unraveling a Place-Based Experience: Mapping a Commercial Evolution in Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati, OH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin149130532329968.
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Osmark, Erik. "Due Diligence - Skyldighet eller möjlighet? : Om målbolagsstyrelsens eventuella skyldighet att tillåta en due diligence-undersökning i samband med ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12596.
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Ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande definieras i 1 kap. 2 § 1p. Lag (2006:451) om offentliga uppköpserbjudanden på aktiemarknaden (LUA) så som ett offentligt erbjudande till innehavare av aktier som har getts ut av ett svenskt eller utländskt aktiebolag att överlåta samtliga eller en del av dessa aktier. Innan ett offentligt uppköpserbjudande lämnas vill den potentiella budgivaren som regel genomföra en due diligence-undersökning på målbolaget. Syftet med denna uppsats är att söka fastslå (1) om det föreligger en skyldighet för målbolaget att medge en due diligence-undersökning, (2) under vilka omständigheter denna eventuella skyldighet föreligger samt (3) vilka sanktioner som står till buds för aktieägarna då en eventuell skyldighet inte efterföljs. I arbetet med uppsatsen har en traditionell rättsdogmatisk metod använts. Frågan om styrelsens eventuella skyldighet att medge en due diligence-undersökning undersöks utifrån både ett aktiebolagsrättsligt och ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt perspektiv. Ur ett aktiemarknadsrättsligt perspektiv förutsätts som regel att en due diligence-undersökning kan och får genomföras. Due diligence-undersökningar är dock inte oproblematiska ur ett aktiebolagsrättsligt perspektiv. Det finns en risk att den information som lämnas ut till budgivaren kan leda till skada för målbolaget. Dessutom kan målbolaget lida skada genom de kostnader som uppkommer i samband med en due diligence-undersökning. Vad avser frågan om de sanktioner som står till buds för enskilda aktieägare har, utöver aktiebolagslagens bestämmelser om skadestånd, eventuell rätt till skadestånd enligt allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga principer undersökts. Resultatet av undersökningen är att det föreligger en skyldighet för styrelsen att i vissa fall medger en begäran om en due diligence-undersökning. En huvudförutsättning för att så ska vara fallet är dock att en sådan undersökning anses ligga i de enskilda aktieägarnas intresse i form av ett bud som är mer förmånligt att acceptera än att förkasta. I praktiken är dock denna skyldighet i princip osanktionerad.
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Bogati, Rajendra. "Performance Evaluation of Non-commercial LTE Network For Smart Grid Application : Modification of IEC 61850-90-5 Protocol stack and its Testing over Non-commercial LTE." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219621.
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The introduction of smart grid technology has changed the way traditional power grid network function. It made the grid structure more dynamic by enhancing electrical usage management capability. Also, it has increased the scope to enhance communication infrastructure in a smart grid structure. The current smart grid solution is based on IEC 61850 architecture where the exchange of information between the electrical utilities is over the fast Ethernet LAN connection. This communication mechanism is fast, efficient but lacks scalability, flexibility and less susceptible to failure. Also, earlier technical paper from IEC 61850 standard was for communication within a substation. Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control implementation which utilizes coherent real time synchrophasor information would play a vital role in realizing the utility physical status. IEC 61850-90-5, a new technical report from International Electrotechnical Commission provides the mechanism to transmit and receive the synchrophasor information using the advance IP protocol over a wireless communication infrastructure for WAMPAC application. IEC 61850-90-5 provide a way to exchange routable synchrophasor information over public IP network such as LTE, WiMax, WLAN, etc. Out of all the available wireless solution, LTE provides high flexibility, distance coverage, data rate with low latency and hence can play an important role in replacing the existing communication structure in a smart grid. The thesis work evaluates the performance and applicability of LTE for smart grid communication. An IEC 61850-90-5 communication model utilizing UDP/IP protocol to transmit and receive data over the LTE network was developed from the open source project. The modified model was used to benchmark the performance of LTE. Different communication metrics such as reliability, availability, latency, and throughput was evaluated to benchmark the performance of LTE for time critical smart grid application. The metrics were measured for different packet sizes and transmission rates combination. The result shares some interesting findings on the readiness of LTE for smart grid solution. It is concluded that cellular network can play an important role in realizing communication infrastructure in a smart grid application.
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Vincent, Dominick A. "Aerosol optical depth retrievals from high-resolution commercial satellite imagery over areas of high surface reflectance." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FVincent_Phd.pdf.
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Archibald, Timothy, and Stacy D. Brown. "Monitoring Commercials Ibuprofen Potency Changes Over 1 Year When Stored in a Household Setting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7849.
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Background: Most over-the-counter medications are labeled for storage in a dry, room temperature environment. Despite this, many households store medications in the bathroom, where temperature and humidity extremes may be experienced.Objective:In this project, we sought to investigate the effect that long-term storage in a household bathroom had on potency of over-the-counter ibuprofen (IBU) products as well as on the emergence of a known toxic degradation product, 4-isobutylacetophenone (4-IBP). Methods:A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantitative determination of IBU and 4-IBP in aqueous samples. Three brands each of IBU tablets (200 mg) and suspensions (100 mg/5 mL) were assayed for IBU concentration at the initiation of the study and once monthly thereafter. The samples were stored in a household bathroom, with continuous temperature and humidity monitoring. Each sample was assayed in triplicate and percent recovery was calculated against freshly prepared standards of IBU using bulk powder.Results:Tablets maintained >90% average strength through 3 months, with statistically significant deviation from initial concentration (2-way analysis of variance, P = .05) detected after 6 to 7 months. Suspensions maintained >90% average strength through 5 months, with statistically significant changes from initial concentration emerging after 7 months. After 12 months, the average strength was 73% and 83% for tablets and suspensions, respectively. 4-IBP was not detected in any of the samples during the duration of the study.Conclusions:These data indicate that, while 4-IBP was not detected following 12-month bathroom storage of commercial IBU products, significant changes in potency should negatively affect efficacy.
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Eriksson, Linus. "Performance Evaluation of IEC61850-90-5 Over a Non-Commercial4G LTE Network." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331198.
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Old electrical power grids with unidirectional power flow are transforming intoenhanced smart grid systems with bidirectional power flow. Advancements incommunication infrastructure can offer new ways on how communication can beutilized within the grid. The standardized communication protocol IEC 61850 definesdata models and services designed for communication within a substation. Smart gridapplications will require communication over wider areas and between substations.The IEC 61850-90-5 addition to the standard defines how data can be sent overwider areas by utilizing Internet protocol, which is necessary if public communicationnetworks such as 4G long term evolution is used. This thesis evaluates the applicability of the IEC 61850-90-5 protocol when used overa non-commercial 4G LTE network. A prototype that emulates an intelligentelectronic device was derived from an IEC 61850-90-5 open source project and wasused transmit and receive data over the network. To evaluate the applicability of theIEC 61850-90-5 stack and the performance of the non-commercial 4G LTE networkdifferent metrics such as reliability, availability, latency, and throughput was evaluated. The overall result is promising and indicates that the IEC 61850-90-5 protocol incombination with 4G LTE would be suitable for most applications within the smartgrid. It is concluded that cellular technologies such as 4G LTE will play an importantrole for smart grid applications, even though it does not fulfill the most stringentapplication requirements. The IEC 61850-90-5 protocol will be a key component insmart grids since it enables routing of standardized GOOSE and SV messages in IPpacket format, which is needed when using commercial networks such as 4G LTE.
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Struwig, Hugo. "Simulated transactions : the requirement of 'commercial substance' to determine simulation as enunciated in the NWK -case- the established substance over form doctrine renovated or a mere indivator of a concealed transaction?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41514.
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It is a settled principle in our tax law that a court will not be deceived by the form of a transaction, but that effect will be given to the true substance thereof. This principle, embodied in the common law doctrine of substance over form, has been affirmed and applied by the judiciary for well over a century, especially in matters where taxpayers avoid the imposition of potential tax through simulating their transactions. If a court was satisfied that the parties subjectively intended to give effect to some other agreement between them, the court would only have regard to the actual rights and obligations created by the parties and impose tax on their real transactions in accordance with the provisions of a taxing statute. The law in respect of simulated transactions was clear.
However, in Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service v NWK Ltd [2011 (2) SA 67 (SCA)] the court ostensibly introduced the requirement of commercial substance as a criterion to determine simulation. The requirement postulates that a transaction which lacks commercial substance will be regarded as simulated, irrespective of the parties’ genuine intention to give effect to the agreement between them. The requirement appears to overrule the entrenched test under the common law doctrine of substance over form and ostensibly established a new objective, independent common law criterion to determine simulation.
The NWK requirement invariably ventures into the sphere of legitimate tax planning by virtue of its wide-ranging nature. Taxpayers need to understand the boundaries within which they may legitimately structure their affairs to reduce a potential tax burden as this advances the predictability of the law and respects the rule of law. NWK has, however, rendered the law on this subject rather uncertain and it is therefore crucial to establish the effect and applicability of the requirement to provide guidance to taxpayers on how to structure their affairs to legitimately avoid tax. The question, therefore, is whether the requirement is capable of independent application to determine simulation, or whether the requirement is only indicative of the presence of simulation in a transaction? If the latter, the common law position prior to the judgment will continue to prevail.
In this dissertation, compelling arguments which illustrate the incapability of the requirement to function independently to determine simulation is researched, analysed and advanced. These arguments support the view that from a legal and logical point of view, the requirement cannot constitute an independent criterion to determine simulation. In the premise, it is submitted that the established common law doctrine of substance over form, as enunciated in Zandberg v Van Zyl [1910 AD 302], remains reflective of the law on simulated transactions and that the commercial substance requirement is only indicative of the presence of possible simulation in a transaction.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
am2014
Mercantile Law
unrestricted
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Spadafore, Annemarie Michaela. "Excess Baggage: Weighing the Contribution of Political and Corporate Interests in the W.T.O. Cases over Commercial Aircraft Subsidies." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218774986.
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Archibald, Timothy, and Stacy Brown. "One year monitoring of potency change in commercial ibuprofen products stored in a household setting exposed to normal day-to-day temperature and humidity fluctuations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/161.
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Introduction.Most over the counter (OTC) medications are labeled for storage in a room temperature environment (68 – 77oF) under dry conditions, i.e. kept away from moisture. Despite this, many households store medications in the bathroom, where both temperature and humidity extremes may be experienced during the course of the day. In this project, we sought to investigate the effect that long-term storage in a household bathroom had on potency of OTC ibuprofen (IBU) products. One degradation product, 4-isobutylacetophenone (4-IBP), has been shown to possess toxic properties. As such, the emergence of this breakdown product was also monitored.
Methods. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the quantitative determination of IBU and 4-IBP in aqueous samples. The assay utilized a UCT C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm; 1.8 micron) with acetonitrile as the organic phase and water as the aqueous phase, run in isocratic mode (15% A: 85% B). Ibuprofen was ionized in negative electrospray mode (-ESI) using m/z 205.09 and 4-IBU in +ESI mode at m/z 177.15. Calibration curves were created in the ranges of 0.1 – 2 mg/mL (IBU) and 2 – 100 mg/mL. Three brands each of IBU tablets (200mg) and suspensions (100mg/5mL) were purchased and assayed for IBU concentration at the initiation of the study. The samples were stored in a household bathroom, while temperature and humidity were continuously recorded using Extech Instruments RHT10 data-logger. Three tablets were removed from each bottle, and three 5-mL aliquots were removed from each suspension, for analysis each month. The samples were digested in 0.1M HCl for 1hr using sonication, and diluted to assay concentration (2 mg/mL for tablets; 0.2 mg/mL for suspensions) using acetonitrile. Each sample was assayed in triplicate and percent recovery was calculated against freshly prepared standards of IBU.
Results. Acceptable potency range was defined as 90 – 110% of the labeled concentration. All tablets maintained acceptable average strength through three months, and a statistically significant change from initial concentration (as determined by a 2-way ANOVA, p = 0.05) was detected after 6 – 7 months. After ten months of storage, the average tablet strength was 74% of initial potency. All suspensions maintained acceptable average strength through five months, with statistically significant changes from initial concentration emerging after seven months storage. After 10 months of storage, the average suspension strength was 84% of initial potency. During the duration of the study, the average storage temperature was (20.9° C) and the average relative humidity was (65.7). The 4-IBU was not detected in any of the product samples during the duration of the study.
Conclusions.These data indicate that, while the toxic degradation product, 4-IBU, has not been detected following bathroom storage of commercial IBU products, significant changes in product potency can negatively affect product efficacy. The container-closure systems used in OTC ibuprofen products do not protect against the effects of ongoing fluctuations in environmental temperature and humidity. Data indicate that suspension products are more resistant to temperature and humidity fluctuations, at least to the degree that would be present in a household bathroom.
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Carrara, Aniela Fagundes. "O mercado de balcão brasileiro: um estudo sobre as características e a regulamentação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-22032013-112430/.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar e discutir a regulamentação e as principais características do mercado de balcão brasileiro como um todo, a fim de propor algumas modificações que o tornem mais seguro. Dentro do mercado de balcão, os negócios são realizados e estruturados de acordo com a vontade e as necessidades de ambas as partes, logo os contratos não são padronizados, também não existe um local determinado para as negociações acontecerem, sendo que estas podem ser realizadas por telefone ou via sistema eletrônico. No Brasil tal mercado é dividido em dois segmentos: o organizado, onde os contratos são pelo menos realizados ou registrados em órgãos que estão sob a supervisão da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) e o não organizado, em que os contratos são firmados ou registrados em órgãos que não são fiscalizados pela CVM, logo esta parte do mercado de balcão esta menos sujeita à regulações. É dentro deste último segmento que são negociados os contratos de soja verde, de troca de insumo por produto, de CPR de gaveta, dentre outros, que servem como financiamento da produção agropecuária brasileira. Estes contratos incorrem em muitos riscos já que são firmados entre as partes e não possuem qualquer tipo de garantia oferecida por órgãos regulatórios, no que tange à sua liquidação, ou seja, não contam em seu ambiente de negociação com um sistema de clearing house. Logo, este trabalho buscou por meio de documentação de fontes primárias e secundárias e entrevistas não estruturadas, realizadas com profissionais que trabalham diretamente com o mercado de balcão, elaborar uma agenda de sugestões para tornar o ambiente de balcão não organizado mais regulamentado. Concluiu-se que existem medidas que podem ser implantadas no segmento aqui em questão, como a padronização de alguns itens dos contratos negociados, tais como as unidades de negociação e os meses de vencimento e também a conscientização dos agentes de mercado da importância de registrar suas operações, que podem tornar o mercado de balcão não organizado mais transparente e seguro.This study aims to analyze and discuss regulations and main characteristics of the Brazilian over-the-counter (OTC) market as a whole and propose some changes to make it safer. Within the OTC, business is conducted and structured according to wishes and needs of both parties, therefore contracts are not standardized, and there is no physical place to conduct negotiations, which can be made by phone or through an electronic system. In Brazil, this market is divided into two segments: the organized one, where contracts are at least made or registered in organs under the supervision of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM) and not organized, in which contracts are not made or registered nor inspected by CVM, thus, this type of OTC trade is less subject to regulation. Within this segment, contracts of soja verde (green soybean), exchange input product, off-the-record CPR, and others that serve for financing Brazilian agricultural production. These contracts are subjected to many risks as they are signed by the parties and do not have any warranty offered by regulators regarding liquidation, in others words, they do not make use of the clearing house. Therefore, this study aims to elaborate suggestions to provide regulation to the over-the-counter market through unstructured interviews conducted with professionals who work directly with the OTC market and documentation of primary and secondary sources. It can be concluded that there are measures to be implemented in the segment at issue here, such as the standardization of some items traded by contracts, such as bargaining units and the months of expiration and also raise awareness of the importance of market agents to register their operations, which can make the not organized OTC market more transparent and secure.
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Eriksson, Per-Robin. "A Comparison Of Two Commercially Available Alternatives For Spatializing Audio Over Headphones In A Game Setting." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Medier ljudteknik och upplevelseproduktion och teater, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63912.
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The video game industry is experiencing tremendous growth and developing games that stand out against the competition requires ever increasing production budgets. Graphics have been a selling point for video games for a long time, resulting in huge technical advancements in visuals. Audio has received more attention during the recent years, both in terms of sound-design and technical developments. This study compared two alternatives for spatializing audio over headphones in a game setting, while also comparing them against a more traditional stereo output. A commercial game was used to provide the game setting and participants rated the three different outputs based on three attributes and described their experience using Microsoft Product Reaction Cards. No statistically significant differences were found between the three outputs in any of the six rated attributes when doing a paired t-test or a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Further analysis of frequency content, participants’ comments and Microsoft Product Reaction Cards were done to find out what sets the spatializing alternatives and stereo apart from each other.
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GROSSULE, EDOARDO. "LA NUOVA DISCIPLINA DEI CONTRATTI DERIVATI OVER THE COUNTER." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6136.
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Il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare in una prospettiva funzionale la nuova disciplina dei contratti derivati over the counter introdotta in Europa con il Regolamento 648/2012 (EMIR) e in USA con il Dodd-Frank Act, con l’obbiettivo di metterne in luce punti di forza e di debolezza.
Per perseguire compiutamente detto obiettivo, la tesi propone un percorso logico che parte dall’approfondimento delle cause economico-giuridiche che hanno favorito il propagarsi degli effetti negativi della crisi, che successivamente si sofferma sulle possibili risposte normative ai problemi posti dagli strumenti derivati. Infine, l’analisi si termina sottolineando gli aspetti problematici legati all’effettività della nuova disciplina, soprattutto alla luce delle policy dynamic che si sviluppano intorno al lungo procedimento di approvazione di norme complesse.This dissertation aims at analyzing, with a functional approach, the new regulations of over the counter derivatives introduced in Europe with the 648/2012 Regulation (EMIR) and in the US under the Dodd-Frank Act, with the goal to underlying the strengths and weaknesses. To fully achieve this objective, the thesis proposes a logical path that starts from the deepening of economic and legal causes that have favored the spread of the negative effects of the crisis, then focuses on possible regulatory responses to the problems posed by derivatives. Finally, the analysis ends pointing out the problematic aspects related to the effectiveness of the new rules, especially in light of the policy dynamic developed during the long process of approval of these complex rules.
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Nicaise, Laurent. "Een multifactoriële studie over metaforiek in de financieel-economische pers." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209731.
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Quels facteurs déterminent la présence et le choix de métaphores dans la presse financière et économique? Présentation d’un modèle explicatif. Ces 20 dernières années, les publications en sémantique cognitive traitant de la relation entre la métaphore et l’idéologie dans la presse financière se sont multipliées. Grâce notamment à Boers (1997, 1999, 2000), Koller (2002) et Charteris-Black (2000), la plupart des mécanismes rhétoriques accompagnant les métaphores sont relativement bien connus.
Toutefois, jusqu’à présent, l’effet de l’idéologie sur les choix métaphoriques n’a pas pu être prouvé, et à fortiori mesuré. Le but de cette étude est de développer un modèle explicatif des facteurs influençant la présence et le choix de métaphores dans la presse financière, afin de fournir un instrument méthodologique et statistique fiable pour l’analyse critique du discours. Une telle analyse pourrait s’avérer également utile dans le domaine de la traduction et de l’apprentissage de la langue spécialisée dans le domaine économique.
Le cadre théorique est constitué par une version modernisée de la Conceptual Metaphor Theory. L’approche est cognitive et onomasiologique. Le point de départ est un ensemble de concepts élémentaires du monde financier et sélectionnés sur la base des résultats d’un échantillon randomisé de 10.000 mots dans 2 quotidiens de la presse belge. Les concepts sont ensuite rassemblés sur base de critères pragmatiques et statistiques dans un ensemble qui reflète la composition du monde des finances et de la bourse.
Pour chaque réalisation de ces concepts, on décide si oui ou non il s’agit d’une métaphore, en appliquant la méthode d’identification proposée par le « Pragglejaz Group » (2007). Ensuite, dans le cas d’une métaphore, on tente d’identifier le domaine source.
Le corpus bilingue couvre une période de 12 mois en 2005 et comprend 450.000 mots, répartis dans 6 publications belges :De Standaard, De Morgen, Trends Cash, La Libre Belgique, Le Soir et L’Investisseur.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Schoonbee, Lize. "The effect of triploidy on the growth and survival of the indigenous abalone, Haliotis midae, over a 24 month period under commercial rearing conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20859.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch UniversityENGLISH ABSTRACT: Triploidy is the genetic state of containing three sets of chromosomes per cell in stead of two as in diploid organisms. The South African abalone (Haliotis midae) is naturally a diploid organism that sexually matures between four to eight years of age. Early sexual maturity is a disadvantage in cultured abalone stock, as the process of gonad development and spawning is energy demanding, causing energy to be diverted away from somatic growth. This same problem has been extensively experienced in diploid bivalve molluscs, where triploidy has since been applied as a means to prevent sexual maturation from occurring, thereby speeding up the growth process and shortening the time to marketing. Because triploidy was effective in bivalves, it was thought that it could contribute to faster growth in abalone as well. A procedure for the induction of triploidy in the abalone, Haliotis midae, was developed by De Beer (2004) and yielded up to 100 percent triploidy in treated abalone larvae. The next step was to compare the growth of the diploids and triploids to establish whether there was indeed a growth advantage on the part of the triploids, in view of commercial application. By using the same techniques as described by De Beer (2004), three groups consisting of triploid and diploid siblings were produced and subscribed to a comparative growth trial. The groups were spawned in three different seasons. The main objective was to establish whether there was in fact a difference in growth between diploid and triploid siblings, and whether seasonal effects were associated with growth advantages for either triploids or diploids. The two growth parameters measured were shell length and body weight. Measurements commenced at eight months of age, when the abalone could be individually tagged and continued up to the age of 24 months. The over-all results provided no convincing evidence of statistically significant faster growth of triploid juveniles compared to that of diploids up to two years of age. Growth differences were detected between seasons, but could not confidently be ascribed to seasonal environmental effects. The regression of shell length to body weight was similar for diploids and triploids.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Triploiede organismes bevat drie stelle chromosome per sel in plaas van twee soos dit normaalweg in diploiede diere voorkom. Die Suid Afrikaanse perlemoen (Haliotis midae) is van nature ‘n diploiede organisme wat tussen die ouderdom van vier tot agt jaar seksueel aktief word. Vroeë seksuele aktiwiteit is ongewens in kommersiële akwakultuur aangesien energie spandeer word aan gonade ontwikkeling in plaas van somatiese groei. Dieselfde probleem is vroeër in die oester bedryf ondervind waar dit deur middel van triploiede induksie aangespreek is. Triploiedie veroorsaak steriliteit en kan gebruik word as ’n metode om steriliteit op groot skaal te induseer. Steriliteit sou dan meebring dat meer energie beskikbaar is vir somatiese ontwikkeling, wat verhoogde groeitempo en n verkorte tyd tot bemarking beteken. Op soortgelyke wyse is dus gepostuleer dat triploiedie in perlemoen ook tot steriliteit kon lei. ‘n Triploiede induksie metode was ontwikkel deur Mathilde de Beer (2004) wat ‘n hoë persentasie triploidie in geinduseerde perlemoen opgelewer het. Die volgende logiese stap was om die groei van diploiede diere met die van triploiede diere te vergelyk om te bepaal of triploiedie wel ’n groei voordeel tot gevolg het met die oog op kommersiële toepassing. Deur van dieselfde tegnieke as De Beer (2004) gebruik te maak, is drie groepe, elk bestaande uit verwante diploiede en triploiede diere, geproduseer en ingeskryf aan n vergelykende groei proef. Die groepe was in drie verskillende seisoene geproduseer. Die hoof doelstelling van die proef was om groeitempo van diploiede en triploiede diere te vergelyk, asook om die invloed van seisoen op groei van diploide en triploide te bepaal. Twee groei eienskappe naamlik skulp lengte en liggaamsmassa is gemeet vanaf ‘n ouderdom van agt maande (wanneer die diere individueel gemerk kon word) tot ‘n ouderdom van 24 maande. Die algehele resultate het gedui op geen betekenisvolle verskil tussen die groei van triploiede en diploiede perlemoen tot op die ouderdom van twee jaar. Verskille het voorgekom in die groei tussen seisoene, maar daar kon nie bewys word dat die verskille die gevolg van seisoenale omgewingseffekte was nie. Diploiede en triploiede het dieselfde skulp lengte tot liggaamsmassa verhouding getoon tot op twee jaar ouderdom.
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Dalakos, Aristeidis. "Performance evaluation of the AN/USQ - 146 jammer over uncoded slow FH/MFSK military communication systems and the IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN commercial communication standard." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9878.
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On the modern battlefield communication is critical. Individual units require a steady flow of accurate information between headquarters and field units to remain effective. Just as important, denying the enemy the same needs of communicating with the help of electronic countermeasures (ECM), is essential to success. Communications jamming and surveillance are critical to achieve information superiority. This thesis evaluates the performance and capabilities of one of the most advanced devices that detects, analyzes and denies enemy signals: the Rockwell Colins AN/USQ - 146 transportable communication jammer. The jammer's best strategy varies with respect to the modulation technique that the hostile communication system uses. As the theoretical analysis and the simulation results indicated, the AN/USQ- 146 jammer achieves its best performance over a FH/MFSK system when it selects the repeat multitone jamming strategy. However, when the hostile communication system is the IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the AN/USQ - 146 (Rubicon II) jammer must select the partial-band jamming strategy with p = 0.1. The results of the theoretical analysis and the simulation modeling of the specific jammer for all types of jamming in manual spot and repeat modes over FH/MFSK military communication systems and new advanced wireless standards such as the IEEE 802.11a can be used as guidelines to select the most effective jamming strategy for the specific type of hostile waveform encountered.
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Baschieri, Lorenzo. "Feasible predistortion loop for the linearization of Radio-over-Fiber system based on 850 nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser and standard G.652 fiber." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22266/.
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The main purpose of the work is to investigate a low-cost solution for systems designed for the distribution of the RF signal employing the Radio Over Fiber (RoF) technology, including the additional feature of a possible digital predistortion of the modulating signal to compensate the detrimental effects of the system nonlinearities.
A Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) operating at 850 nm and the standard single mode fiber G-652 have been used with this purpose, since their combination is one of the cheapest possible solutions that can be implemented.
The main problem present in this configuration is due to the fact that, using this kind of lasers in a fiber like G-652, that has been realized to work at wavelengths higher than 1260 nm, an undesired bimodal behavior is present in the fiber connection.
We have then tested a solution based on commercial 1310nm/1550nm couplers, which are theoretically able to separate in different branches the two modes arising at 850 nm. This allows to realize an almost-Single Mode RoF link based on G-652 fiber and 850 nm VCSEL with the additional feature of making available a possible feedback signal to realize an appropriate signal pre-distortion.
Aim of this thesis work is then to insert the coupler at the laser section, using the direct path to feed link based on G-652 fiber, while using the feedback path in order to digitally pre-distort the signal which modulates the laser itself.
The improvements in the sysetm performance will be presented in terms of NMSE (nominal mean square error), ACPR (adjacent channel power ratio), EVM (error vector magnitude) and spectral regrowth reduction, and will allow to appreciate the beneficial effect of signal digital predistortion feature introduced.
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Tolonen, A. (Arto). "Product portfolio management over horizontal and vertical portfolios." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212678.
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Abstract The main objective of this study is to clarify the current challenges and preconditions relating to product portfolio management (PPM) and widen the PPM framework over horizontal and vertical portfolios, including a related governance model, strategic performance management and the PPM process. This study analyses comprehensively the current PPM literature and the relevant practices of 10 case companies representing business areas such as hardware (HW), software (SW) and Services. This study approaches PPM from a more comprehensive viewpoint as all product life cycle phases and product structure levels are not covered well in this context by the earlier literature. The principal results of this study involve revealing the need for a new PPM governance model including strategic targets, KPIs and the PPM process according to vertical and horizontal portfolios. The created PPM framework clarifies the strategic role of PPM in cross-functional analysis and decision making for commercial and technical portfolios. The role and the impact of strategic PPM have been further enhanced by positioning the PPM process on the level of other business processes. The created PPM framework enhances the collaboration between business and engineering teams. The managerial implications include the potential preconditions of clarifying the dynamic and active role of PPM at the level of other business processes. The findings can aid business managers in understanding PPM as an entity that has a role in managing the entire product portfolio and its renewal based on strategic performance measures over horizontal and vertical portfolios according to cross-functional governance bodies. This highlights the criticality of managing all items both in commercial and technical portfolios. The role of other business processes should be highly operational by executing product development, marketing and sales, delivery and care activities according to PPM decisions. The primary role of PPM should be active management of the entire product portfolio over product life cycle phases and product structure levels, instead of merely focusing on new product development, to ensure product portfolio renewalTiivistelmä Tämä tutkimus selventää tuoteportfolion hallintaan liittyviä edellytyksiä ja haasteita, sekä laajentaa tuoteportfolion hallintamallia, suorituskyvyn johtamista ja prosessia horisontaalisesti ja vertikaalisesti. Tuoteportfolion hallintaa on lähestytty kattavasti analysoimalla nykyistä kirjallisuutta, sekä kymmenen kohdeyrityksen käytänteitä nykytila-analyysin keinoin. Kohdeyritykset edustavat useita liiketoiminta- ja tuotealueita kattaen laitteiston, ohjelmiston ja palvelut. Tämä tutkimus lähestyy tuoteportfolion hallintaa laajemmalta katsantokannalta kuin nykyinen kirjallisuus joka ei kata kaikkia tuotteen elinkaaren vaiheita ja tuoterakennetasoja. Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tärkeimmät tulokset liittyvät uuden tuoteportfolion hallintamallin tarpeellisuuden esille tuomiseen, sisältäen tuoteportfolion strategiset tavoitteet, suorituskykymittarit ja hallintaprosessin perustuen vertikaalisiin ja horisontaalisiin tuoteportfolioihin. Luotu viitekehys selkeyttää tuoteportfolion hallinnan strategista roolia organisaatiorajat ja liiketoimintaprosessit ylittävässä analyysissa ja päätöksenteossa liittyen kaupallisiin ja teknisiin tuoteportfolioihin. Strategisen tuoteportfolion hallinnan roolia ja merkitystä on erityisesti korostettu nostamalla tuoteportfolion hallintaprosessi muiden liiketoimintaprosessien tasolle. Tässä tutkimuksessa luotu tuoteportfolion hallinnan viitekehys vahvistaa yhteistyötä liiketoiminnanjohto- ja insinööritiimien välillä kaikilla organisaatiotasoilla. Työn kontribuutiot yritysjohdolle korostavat tuoteportfolion hallintaprosessin keskitettyä, dynaamista ja aktiivista roolia johtaa yrityksen kaupallisia ja teknisiä nimikkeitä horisontaalisesti ja vertikaalisesti kokonaisuutena perustuen strategisiin suorituskykymittareihin. Tuoteportfolion hallinta yli horisontaalisten ja vertikaalisten portfolioiden mahdollistaa tuoteportfolion uudistumisen yli kaikkien elinkaarivaiheiden ja tuoterakennetasojen. Muiden liiketoimintaprosessien roolin tulisi olla selkeästi operatiivinen toteuttaen tuotekehitykseen, markkinointiin, myyntiin, tilaamiseen, hankintaan, toimittamiseen ja huoltoon liittyviä tehtäviä perustuen strategisiin tuoteportfolion hallinnan tavoitteisiin ja suorituskykymittareihin
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Vanghelof, Joseph C. "PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE 13 COVERAGE IN CHILDREN, HIGH-RISK ADULTS 19-64 YEARS OF AGE, AND ADULTS OVER 65 YEARS OF AGE IN A COMMERCIALLY INSURED U.S. POPULATION." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/76.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aimed to elucidate the demographic characteristics associated with elevated or reduced rates of pneumococcal conjugate 13 (PCV13) vaccination.
A retrospective cohort study was performed using the Truven Health MarketScan® Database. Three cohorts were created corresponding to populations for which the CDC recommends PCV13 vaccination. Cohort 1: children < 36 months of age. Cohort 2: adults 19-64 years of age with high infection risk. Cohort 3: adults > 65 years of age. Odds of having a PCV13 claim were calculated for each cohort.
For Cohort 1, 78% out of a total of 353,214 subjects had a sufficient number of PCV13 doses to meet CDC recommendations. For Cohort 2, 3.7% out of a total of 673,157 subjects had a PCV13 claim. For Cohort 3, 18% of 1,262,531 subjects had a PCV13 claim. Odds of vaccination were generally lower in younger subjects, those with fewer outpatient claims, and those with residence in the Northeast and South regions. In Cohort 2, odds were reduced in subjects with generalized malignancy. Gender and urban residence were poor predictors of vaccination status.
By understanding the demographic factors associated with lower rates of vaccination, clinicians may more effectively direct their efforts to increase pneumococcal vaccination coverage.
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Chen, Li-Peng, and 陳立芃. "The Study of Disputes over Developing Factors of Shida Commercial District：Perspectives of Collaborative Planning." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6sq2ys.
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碩士國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系
102
Taipei City Office of Commerce promoted Shida commercial district as one of tourism spots in 2010. However, it developed and spread out so fast that it reduced the living quality of surrounding communities; the residents’ right and economic development has become the dilemma. Both residents and shop owners have to fight for their own rights, accordingly. In 2011, the city government formed a cross-departmental task force to improve the living environment in the Shida community. Unfortunately, the management is poor. Many arguments still go on unpleasantly between residents and shop owners without a win-win deal. In order to explore the key dispute factors of developing Shida commercial district and find out the possible solutions, this study aims to discuss three research questions. Firstly, understand the cultural development background of Shida commercial district, and attempt to find out the controversial issues by literature review. Secondly, based on the collaborative planning theory, construct the hypothesis model and then proceed the questionnaire survey between residents and shop owners in Shida commercial district to investigate model application and four hypothesis of research through confirmatory factor analysis. In particular, examine the factors by deep interviews with nine people including the neighborhood chiefs, the representatives of residents and shop owners in the Shida commercial district as well as the officials of the city government. Finally, according to the empirical result, provide the conclusion and policy suggestions. The research finds that, among four dimensions of the collaborative planning model, “resource allocation”, “participation” and “leadership” have stronger explanatory power, but “external environment” is weaker. Besides, the dimension of “resource allocation” is most important for both residents and shop owners, but the other two dimensions have different rankings. For the shop owners, “participation” is front of “leadership”, but on the contrary to residents. Also, in the dimension of "external environment", it generally recognized that “community culture” and “economic environment context” are the factors affecting collaborative planning implementation, but this hypothesis is not supported by two possible reasons: (1) the community culture hard to shape because shop owners and residents have different recognitions and cultural backgrounds with interactions to this area; and (2) district benefits produced not totally positive in the economic environment context due to the development of Shida commercial district not only affecting the opinions of residents solving this controversy, but also changing the attitudes of shop owners running the business.
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ChuChia-cheng and 車佳錚. "A Study on Popular Commercial Products of theCross-over Convergence between Art and Business." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34365271311236140139.
Full textAbstract:
碩士崑山科技大學
視覺傳達設計研究所
94
The combination of fashion and art can bring great media effectiveness. It can create the concept of fashion consumption. Applying unique sense of fashion, artistic value and business are combined successfully to design commercial products artistically and to make it become a trend of consumption. Nowadays, fashion changes quickly. More and more brands have tried to cooperate with artists in various fields. It can not only advertise the both, but also transform products into different styles. In this way, the commercial products will become aesthetic with value added. Therefore, the study collects the cooperation cases of cross-over convergence between contemporary artists and business from 2000 to 2005 to construct the samples of cross-over artists and works. The patterns can be divided into artistic public service, designing art and popular artistic commercial products. There are about 44 data. In the process, the operating definition, characteristics, and common aspects of cross-over art are discussed. By defining the document and advertising information, the researcher tries to construct the thinkable subjects. Through literature survey, questionnaire survey, and action research, the researcher collects consumers’ objective evaluation for products to construct the characteristics of “artistic commercial products” and “limited-edition commercial products”, and discusses the interactive beneficial results between brands, art, and consuming culture to conclude the strategies of cross-over art. Using action research, the researcher analyzes the patterns and processes of commercial products designed artistically when actually carrying out a cross-over artistic activity. The study results are as follows. First, before the convergence between artists and business, artists’ visual styles will become the main component which affects the fitness of the alliance. Second, there must be “art managers” between artists and business to help artists create opportunities, and there also must be “web opinion leaders” to increase the purchasing power of artistic popular fashion commercial products. Third, the purpose of the artistic popular fashion commercial products that are sold as limited-edition is to keep the rare artistic value. Fourth, “artists’ visual styles” and “quality of commercial products” will affect consumers’ intention to purchase artistic popular fashion commercial products. Fifth, the cooperation between famous brands and artists will help the development of new artists. The key point is not the brands, but the advertising power of media.
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Bettinghaus, Bruce Alan. "Earnings management by merger targets : discretion over the loan loss provision in commercial banks." 2000. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-44/index.html.
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Gomes, Vítor Manuel Martins Gonçalves da Costa. "Computational simulation of atmospheric flows over mountainous regions using the commercial CFD software star-CCM+." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59888.
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Han, Yong Qiang. "When West meets East: Thinking big in Singapore over good faith in commercial contract law." 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17802.
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noSingapore commercial contract law has taken an Asian perspective in respect of express terms of good faith in the negotiation of contract. In general, however, it adheres to the English contract law orthodoxy regarding good faith. More specifically, Singapore, like England, does not recognize a general duty or principle of good faith and it is reluctant to imply a duty of good faith into a contract. However, as a hub of international trade and a rising forum for commercial dispute resolution, Singapore will have a stronger need to reconcile the differences in good faith in contract law between the English/Commonwealth and the European-Asian legal traditions. Conventional wisdom and international commercial law instruments in this respect are not as helpful as one would expect for such a need. Instead, to an enlightening but limited extent, the “organizing principle” approach in Bhasin v Hrynew could be useful for setting up a framework for reconciling the differences. This framework could consist of an organising principle of (honouring) reasonable expectations, a duty of honesty, and a duty of fair dealing. The framework realistically concretises good faith into the three components, all of which are essentially objective and ascertainable in specific factual matrix and are well-recognised in both common law and civil law.
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Gomes, Vítor Manuel Martins Gonçalves da Costa. "Computational simulation of atmospheric flows over mountainous regions using the commercial CFD software star-CCM+." Dissertação, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59888.
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Yung-hung, Kao, and 高永鴻. "A Study on the Influence of Relationship-Level and Broker Characteristics over Commercial Real-Estate Agent Engagement Behaviour." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29714367397262221533.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
商業自動化與管理研究所
91
Social relationships prodigious of human feelings and emotions exert profound power on every facet of social activities. In an age emphatic of information, the mechanism of New Economy has obliterated and marginalized many echelons within the business hierarchy, turning ‘personalization’ into the network unit of allying and contracting that further elevate the importance of social connections. This study predicating its theoretical basis on social psychology and via interviewing relevant experts, strives to distinguish, classify the levels of social relationships and the mediating variables in analyzing how these emotional ties affect engaging commercial real-estate brokerage service. Property transitions yield the features of expertise requirement and exchange of big chunks of money. Whether the transaction process is smooth or not have tremendous impact on both sides of the deal, thus investing significance in the evaluating and choosing of a good broker. It follows then the personality traits of brokers constitute a key variable to determining broker engagement. Through compilation of relevant literature and exploring of theoretical paradigms, concomitant with empirical analysis of expert interviews, this study arrives at the following conclusions: I. Relationship levels variable positively influence broker-engagement behaviour, and vice versa. Relationship is essential to safe, satisfactory engagement behaviour, but not an absolute factor; II. Broker characteristics positively influence engagement behaviour: the better the characteristics the greater the likelihood to engage his/her service, and vice versa; devious character traits and notoriety repel interests. Broker characteristics’ comparative relationship-level variable exerts greater significance and importance on the engagement behaviour; III. In real-estate profession, the quality of professionalism weighs over industry, while it is the exact opposite for other brokerage services. In a framework built on integrity and trust, both professionalism and industry are indispensable For the study findings and limitations, the issue of how to enhance sales rate and level of satisfaction, to build marketing system and long-lasting partnership relationship is worth further investigation. Another direction is to break away from research methodological constraints, and explore other theories and literature in examining brokerage-engagement behaviour.
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Shu, Tseng Huan, and 曾煥書. "The medical care utilization of the persons who purchased commercial insurance - A case study of elder people over 65 years old." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41223787712053826242.
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碩士亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系長期照護組 在職專班
98
This study focuses on the mutual relationship of elderly health care utilization and purchase of commercial insurance. Investigate the impact of demographic, health status and medical care utilization on purchasing of commercial insurance. This study used secondary data analysis to analyze the data from "over the age of 65 personal questionnaire" section in the "2005 National Health Interview Survey and Drug Abuse" which published by National Institutes of Health completed in 2005. The 331subjects in this study were the subjects who purchased the commercial insurance in the 2727 subjects of the original data. The research tool "purchase of commercial insurance" is based on the question" what kind of business insurance? " in the "insurance utilization" section of the questionnaire. Independent variables are demographic, chronic disease status, ADL and IADL status , health care utilization. The correlation analysis is running after doing the number of distribution of each independent variable. Then use the variables achieved the statistical signifant to run the logistic regression model to investigate the correlative variables of purchasing commercial insurance. The result reveals that "Age", " whether has used the western medicine outpatient care in the past month" are correlated with the tendency of purchasing commercial insurance . It is found in this study that the subjects who are lower age, more use the western medicine outpatient care are more likely to purchase commercial insurance. Conclusion : The result reveals that, in Taiwan, the elder people over 65 years old who has purchased commercial insurance on average suffer from two kinds of chronic diseases ; an average 0.2 ADL disability ; average IADL disability 0.7 . The health status are fairly good . Elder age will increase the tendency of purchasing commercial insurance is lower. The tendency of purchasing accident insurance is higher on the subjects who use are more common in using the western medicine outpatient care. The rest kinds of health care utilization are not related with the tendency of purchasing commercial insurance.
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Deshpande, Devyani S. "Exploring the feasibility of passive cooling technology in the non-residential building sector over various climatic regions in the United States." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1629783.
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The thesis presents a comprehensive overview of the context and significance of ventilation cooling techniques and their feasibility in the United States. Passive cooling is one of the more architecturally interesting ways by which architects could make buildings energy efficient. There is great interest in passive systems since they can lead to a huge reduction of energy costs and support more sustainable building solutions. A number of ventilation system options are available to fill the need for a lower cost alternative to active [conventional] systems. It is the non-residential sector where energy consumption is of most concern and integrating passive natural ventilation in new non-residential buildings is receiving a lot of attention internationally and the U.S. building industry. Interest in improving air quality by passive ventilation is also increasing.Department of Architecture
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XIAO, YOU-FU, and 蕭佑甫. "Ambient air pollutants (particulates, metallic elements and ionic species) concentrations, sources and health risk assessments studies over Science Park (20 m, ground level), Traffic and Commercial sites." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62319974378501969084.
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碩士弘光科技大學
環境工程研究所
105
This study measured particulate, metallic elements and water-soluble ionic concentrations in ambient air by using PS-1, VAP, MOUDI and Wilbur PM2.5 sampler at SES, QES and H.P.B. sampling sites. In addition, the sources of pollutants were founded by method of back trajectory analysis. Moreover, Spearman method was used to test the average differences for atmospheric meteorological conditions and pollutants concentrations. And ANOVA analysis was also used to test the average differences for pollutants concentrations among the monthly differences and different sampling sites. Finally, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values were calculated for human health at SES, QES and H.P.B. sampling sites. The results indicated that SES has the highest TSP pollutants concentrations, and QES has the highest PM2.5 pollutants concentrations. The pathways of pollutants were similar at those three sampling sites. In addition, Spearman statistical method displayed atmospheric meteorological conditions and pollutants concentrations almost had no significant relationship. Moreover, ANOVA analysis displayed that the three sampling sites almost had no significant differences for pollutants concentrations. Furthermore, the carcinogenic risks via inhalation exposure displayed above the acceptable values at three sampling sites. However, the non-carcinogenic risks via inhalation exposure displayed all the metallic elements were harmful free to human health at those three sampling sites. Finally, daily average PM2.5 particulate matter concentrations for three sampling sites were not exceeded the current Taiwan EPA standard. To sum up, it still remains rooms for improvements for the PM2.5 particulate matter concentrations for this area in Taiwan.
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Hong, Ｙuh-Ling, and 洪玉玲. "A Study on the Influence of the Service Contact and Relation Quality in Frozen Seafood Industry over the Commercial Friendships-A Case of Southern Taiwan''s Restaurant Industry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43emra.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
行銷與流通管理研究所
103
As the electronic device’s popularity grows and consuming habit changes, brick-and-mortar stores have been replaced by on-line stores. At present, it is only restaurants that cannot be set on-line. Only by consumer’s visit in person can the facilities, atmosphere, service and fresh food be experienced. However, the food is closely related to people’s daily lives. Consumers are more willing to enjoy delicacies even in economy recession, which thus has led to the prosperity of the restaurant industry and keen competition among food suppliers. For the reasons above, this study aims to, based on personal marketing experience in frozen food industry, discuss the influence of the service contact and relational quality in frozen seafood industry over the commercial friendships in southern Taiwan’s restaurant industry. By interviewing with two purchasing representatives of big-scale restaurants and questionnaires collected from thirty suppliers for southern Taiwan’s restaurants, this study is made through the methods of qualitative and quantitative research. It is proven that, with multiple contact services: capability, profession and communication and relational quality: honesty, satisfaction and promise, frozen seafood industry service suppliers found high recognition from their client commercial friendships and interpersonal relationships, and that they are positive correlation. On the basis of the clients’ high recognition and the establishment of commercial friendships, the enterprises’ profits and clients’ lifelong value are elevated.
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Mašková, Tereza. "Nařízení Brusel I a jiné procesní předpisy evropského mezinárodního práva soukromého (z pohledu ochrany spotřebitele)." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329814.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis entitled "The Brussels I Regulation and Other Procedural Legislation of European Private International Law (with regard to consumer protection)" as presented focuses in details primarily on the consumer protection under the relevant civil procedural law of the EU. The main objective is to analyse certain provisions of relevant law dealing with the effective protection of the weaker contracting party - consumer. The European Union's consumer protection legislation tends to strenghten the legal position of a consumer. The thesis underscores the importance of these special provisions, presents the original purposes, which have led to the adoption of them and the deduced conclusions supports by practical examples and by relevant European case law. It might be concluded that these provisions have created a special branch of the European civil procedure law. The text is divided into seven main chapters. The introduction includes the scope of the topic covered by the thesis. The first chapter is dedicated to the europeanization process of civil procedure and is primarily supposed to introduce the reader into the relevant issues of the thesis. The second chapter is intended to provide basic information about the conception of consumer protection law within the European context. It deals...
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Duarte, Inês de Barros Dias. "As consequências dos Decretos n.º 2-a/2020, n.º 2-b/2020 e n.º 2-c/2020 nos contratos de utilização de loja em espaço comercial." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35733.
Full textAbstract:
A pandemia, causada pelo novo coronavírus, trouxe consigo várias complicações na execução dos contratos, especialmente no domínio dos contratos privados, em que se inserem os contratos de utilização de loja em espaço comercial. É nossa intenção qualificar e enquadrar o encerramento compulsivo dos centros comerciais, bem como as suas repercussões no cumprimento do programa contratual deste tipo de contratos, num dos institutos clássicos do nosso Código Civil, capaz de solucionar estas perturbações. Procuraremos, com o presente trabalho, responder ainda à questão de saber se o art. 168.º-A, n.º 5 da Lei n.º 27-A/2020 tem, de facto, eficácia retroativa, em que moldes e, por fim, se a mesma é admissível no nosso ordenamento jurídico.The pandemic, caused by the new coronavirus, brought with it several complications in the execution of contracts, especially in the field of private contracts, which includes contracts for the use of shop on commercial premises. It is our intention to qualify and frame the compulsory closure of shopping centers, as well as their repercussions on the fulfillment of the contractual program of this type of contracts, in one of the classic institutes of our Civil Code, capable of solving these disturbances. With this dissertation, we will also try to answer the question of whether art. 168.º-A, n.º 5 of Law n.º 27-A / 2020 has, in fact, retroactive efficacy, in what ways, and, finally, if it is admissible in our legal system.