Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commercial matters'
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1
VALKOVA, LENKA. "CHOICE-OF-COURT AGREEMENTS IN COMMERCIAL, FAMILY AND SUCCESSION MATTERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/612913.
Abstract:
Choice-of-court agreements reduce a legal uncertainty regarding which State may hear a dispute and whether the judgement of the court will be upheld in other countries since this planning tool enables the parties to predict the venue for the dispute. The PhD project aims at examining rules on choice-of-court agreements in the EU in civil and commercial matters (under the Brussels Ibis Regulation, Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, the 2007 Lugano Convention), in family matters (under the Brussels IIa Regulation, Maintenance Regulation, Matrimonial Property Regime Regulation, Regulation on the Property Consequences of Registered Partnerships), and in succession matters (under the Succession Regulation). Moreover, this project makes an effort in identifying the barriers, weaknesses, and gaps of the rules on choice-of-court agreements, lis pendens, and parallel proceedings, it proposes solutions de lege ferenda and it examines the interplay of the legal instruments through their simultaneous application.
This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces party autonomy on a general level, which includes the outline of different categorizations of party autonomy, a brief historical development of the choice-of-court agreements and the analysis of the nature and effect of the choice-of-court agreement. This chapter focuses on the importance of the rules on choice-of-court agreements in the EU, their functions, and practical use, as well as divergent limitations with respect to choice-of-court agreements. The second chapter represents a core of the PhD thesis tackling the civil and commercial matters: it analyzes choice-of-court agreements (scope, conditions for applications, formal and substantive validity, exclusivity, severability) and issues related to it (rules on lis pendens and on parallel proceedings) under the Brussels and Lugano Regimes, under the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreement and it examines the interplay between all these three legal instruments in the practical examples. The third and last part deals with the choice-of-court agreements in family and succession matters, which is further broken down by the single EU Regulations. In particular, this last chapter pays attention to: Article 12 of the Brussels IIa Regulation, which determines the rule on prorogation of jurisdiction in parental responsibility matters; lacking rule on choice-of-court in divorce under the Brussels IIa Regulation; Article 4 of the Maintenance Regulation, which determines the rule on choice-of-court agreements in maintenance matters; Articles 5 and 7 of the Regulation on Matrimonial Property Regimes and the Regulation on Property Consequences of Registered Partnerships, which determine the rules on choice-of-court agreements in property regimes of the spouses and registered partners; Articles 5, 6, 7, and 9 of the Succession Regulation allowing party autonomy to a limited extent.
2
Ting, Carina Maria. "Practical matters for defense contractors converting DoD technology to commercial markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76358.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-73).
This thesis asks if and how the defense contractor can profitably transfer the technology and institutional learning obtained from DoD funded R&D to commercial markets. There are numerous examples of very successful defense conversion in U.S. history, such as the computer and internet. This phenomenon however, is not commonplace and the original developer of the military applied technology did not often profit from its commercialization. Faced with multiple disadvantages associated with having adapted to doing business with the DoD, this thesis hypothesizes that the one possible advantage that the DoD contractor has in competing in the commercial markets is access to advanced technological knowledge and personnel that have benefited from the learning associated from performing state of the art R&D for the DoD. This degree of advanced technology learning is not as accessible to the commercial firm because business pressures do not allow the degree of funding for cutting edge technology and less directly applicable research. This thesis examines the barriers for the DoD contractor attempting to move into the commercial market and examines cases studies of successful conversions and the recommendations from applicable prescriptive literature.
by Carina Ting.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
3
Rosner, Norel. "Cross-border recognition and enforcement of foreign money judgments in civil and commercial matters /." Groningen : Ulrik Hubert Institut for Private International Law, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013075450&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
4
Bich, Du Ngoc. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters : a proposal for Vietnam /." Groningen : Ulrik Huber Inst. for Private International Law, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/524429499.pdf.
5
Ferrucci, David N. "" Matters of highest public interest and concern" New York Times Co. v. Sullivan and the continuing evolution of the commercial speech doctrine /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4568.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 7, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
6
Zhang, Guang Jie. "The arrangement for mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters between the Mainland China and Hong Kong SAR." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586527.
7
Tu, Guangjian. "Jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters in the USA and EU : a comparative study from the perspective of legal tradition and fundamental approach in search of a global jurisdiction and judgements convention." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=217942.
Abstract:
This research was done against the background of the failure of the Hague negotiations for a ‘broad' global jurisdiction and judgments convention. Two of the most important jurisdiction issues upon which the two main players (the U.S. and EU) disagreed with each other were chosen to be studied i.e. the issue of whether a jurisdiction system should be one composed o f loose jurisdiction rules, even some general principles w ith b road discretion being g iven to judges or one composed of predictable hard-and-fast rules with no discretion being given to judges and the issue of what nexus should be qualified for general jurisdiction, to what extent such a nexus should be relied on and what nexus is the proper one for special (specific) jurisdiction regarding commercial contract and tort cases. The aim of this research is to seek the ideal models dealing with the two issues, find out how the two issues fared at The Hague and what could be done for the future if there is a ‘third' chance. Chapters Two and Three critically examine the jurisdiction scheme in the U.S.A. and EU (under the Brussels regime) with particular attentions being drawn to the two issues. Chapters Four and Five bring the two systems together to make a comparison from the perspective o f legal tradition and fundamental approach between them, assess and reflect upon the different approaches in the two systems, and find that as far as the first issue is concerned, an ideal personal jurisdiction system should adopt a predictable-rule-based approach with moderate discretion being given to judges; as far as the second issue is concerned, the ideal model is that general jurisdiction should be only based on the habitual residence of the defendant, special (specific) jurisdiction regarding commercial contract and tort cases should be based on the nexus between the dispute and the forum and general jurisdiction should stand at the equal footing with special (specific) jurisdiction. Chapter Six examines what had actually happened to the two issues at The Hague and analyses whether the ideal models should and could be accepted by the two sides if they have a ‘third' chance. Chapter Seven will conclude this thesis by looking to the future.
8
Bonifacio, Henry F. "Particulate matter emissions from commercial beef cattle feedlots in Kansas." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2325.
9
Fledeus, Anixon. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des différends (MARD) et la garantie des droits des parties en matière commerciale : étude comparée des droits français, haïtien et OHADA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCF010.
Abstract:
Les modes amiables et alternatifs de règlement des différends (MARD) se sont imposés progressivement comme des moyens rapides et efficaces, spécialement en matière commerciale, pour la résolution des litiges tant nationaux qu'internationaux, en marge du recours à la justice étatique, pour répondre aux attentes des parties. La thèse se propose de démontrer que ces MARD offrent des garanties indéniables aux parties, des garanties qu’elles ne trouvent pas toujours au sein de la justice contentieuse. Du fait des opportunités qu’offrent ces modes amiables et alternatifs, ils peuvent être vus comme un mode offrant une justice sûre et efficace pour résoudre des différends contractuels en matière commerciale. Les parties y trouvent des solutions appropriées et bénéfiques, en profitant notamment, du point de vue de la procédure, de la confidentialité, de la rapidité, de la souplesse, de l'indépendance, de l'impartialité et, sur le fond, en participant activement à un mode de règlement fondé sur le consentement.En étudiant le droit français, le droit haïtien et le droit OHADA, cette thèse propose de montrer en quoi, les modes amiables, que sont principalement la conciliation et la médiation, sont des instruments de sécurité garantissant les droits des parties en matière commerciale, puis, en quoi l’arbitrage est aussi un instrument de garantie et de protection des droits des parties en matière de litiges commerciauxAlternative dispute resolution (ADR) have gradually established themselves as rapid and effective means, specially in commercial matters, for the resolution of both national and international disputes, outside of recours to state justice, to respond to the expressions of the parties. The thesis aims to demonstrate that these ADR offer undeniable guarentees to the parties, guarentees that they do not always find with contentious justice. Due find to opportunities offred by these amicalble and alternative methods, they can be seen as a methode offreind safe and affective justice for resolving contractual dispute in commercial matters. The parties find appropriate and beneficial disputes in commercial matters. The partie find appropriate and benecial solutions, taking avantage in particular, from a procedural point of view, of confidentiality, speed, flexibility, idependance, impartiality and, in substance, in actively participating in a consent-based payment methods. By studying French law, Haitian law and OHADA law, this thesis proposes to show how amicable methods, whisch are mainly conciliation and mediation are security instruments granrandueeing the rights of the parties in commercial matters, then, in whish arbitration is also an instrument for guaranteeing and protecting the rights of the partie in matters of commercial disputes
10
Wang, Xin S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Hongfei Chen. "Does property market risks matter in commercial mortgage loan pricing : an inquiry into the determinants of commercial mortgage loan spread." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42021.
Abstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-52).
The study takes a quantitative approach to test the determinants of commercial mortgage loan pricing at origination. The determinants include capital market risk, property market risks, mortgage terms and property characteristics. Taken into consideration of the endogenous factor between loan spread and LTV ratio, we use the OLS and 2SLS model to examine the variables of driving the spread and LTV and the interaction between them. The conclusion is drawn that there is little linkage between property market risks and commercial mortgage loan spread at origination. Therefore, commercial mortgage is mispriced in terms of property market risks.
by Xin Wang & Hongfei Chen.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
11
Grigelis, Peter Edward. "The Effects of Environmental Contamination on Commercial and Industrial Property Values: Do Perceptions Matter?" unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08022005-190040/.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Laura O. Taylor, committee chair; Keith R. Ihlanfeldt, David L. Sjoquist , Mary Beth Walker, committee members. Electronic text (342 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 15, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 335-341).
12
Šteflová, Iva. "Alternativní způsoby řešení sporů v obchodních závazkových vztazích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85932.
Abstract:
The diploma thesis is focused on alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in business relationships. The goal of thesis is to determine the term of alternative dispute resolution and to compare different approaches to regulation of mini-trial and mediation. The first part of thesis presents the term ADR and identifies its key characteristics. It points out the advantages and disadvantages of ADR and introduces institutions which concern with ADR. The attention is also aimed on arbitration and its relation to ADR. The second part of thesis deals with mini-trial. The description of its features is based on comparison of model rules provided by institutions which concern with ADR. The third part of thesis is focused on the most expanded method of ADR -- mediation. The attention is aimed at regulation trend within the European Union, legislation in the Czech Republic and Mediation Act Proposal. Closing part compares regulation of mini-trial and mediation and points out some of the debatable provisions of the Mediation Act Proposal.
13
Davila, Valdiviezo Charlotte. "Les stratégies contentieuses en matière civile et commerciale : étude à partir du Règlement Bruxelles I bis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO30032.
Abstract:
Si le terme de stratégie n’est que peu accolé au domaine juridique, les stratégies visant à utiliser le droit à son avantage ont toujours existé. Afin de mettre en lumière ce phénomène, ce travail de thèse s’est penché plus spécifiquement sur les stratégies qui s’initient autour d’un point d’ancrage qui est le procès : les stratégies contentieuses. Le postulat de départ était celui de l’importance primordiale de la connaissance des règles et du cadre pour naviguer efficacement vers une issue favorable. Les règles sont ici entendues dans un sens large qui comprend les règles juridiques des États membres et de l’Union, la jurisprudence de leurs cours de justice, mais aussi tout le contexte économique, politique, sociale et culturelle entourant les parties et leur litige.La pratique contentieuse stratégique dans l’espace européen méritait alors de revenir en détails sur les différents acteurs intervenant au cours de la stratégie (parties, juges nationaux, juges européens) mais aussi sur l’histoire et l’évolution de l’Union européenne et de son droit.Cette recherche de connaissance des règles, nous a également amené à revenir sur le cadre conceptuel et les réalisations concrètes s’agissant de la compétence juridictionnelle dans l’Union européenne, pour mettre en lumière un système complexe gravitant autour du règlement Bruxelles 1bis et d’une Cour de justice de l’Union, actrice et promotrice de l’intégration européenne. Cependant, l’élaboration de stratégies ne s’arrête pas à la compréhension des règles, mais exige leur anticipation et leur adaptation à des réalités changeantes. Le choix du tribunal devient alors une manœuvre stratégique, guidée à la fois par des critères objectifs et subjectifs.Examiner l’histoire européenne ainsi que le parcours des acteurs de la stratégie offre une opportunité pour saisir leurs modes de fonctionnement et pour anticiper leurs actions dans le contexte d'une Europe multiculturelle, constituée d’États membres souverains. Il s’agira de prédire les évolutions juridiques, les revirements jurisprudentiels, les positionnements favorables, ou encore les actions qui sont de nature à rencontrer les objectifs économiques ou politiques de l’Union, tout en gardant en tête que les juges peuvent toujours être à l’origine de biais dans le processus de jugement. Il s’agira également de connaître l’histoire de l’adversaire afin d’estimer ses forces et ses faiblesses pour ajuster la stratégie en conséquence.Il n’existe pas de voie unique dans la réussite d’une stratégie contentieuse : le succès d’une stratégie est largement tributaire de la perception qu’en a le justiciable, de ses objectifs et attentes. Le choix de la juridiction peut alors se faire en fonction des garanties procédurales offertes, de la prévisibilité de la décision, ou encore de l’application de règles spécifiques attachées au for.La stratégie contentieuse peut aussi consister à se détacher de ce schéma pour rechercher une résolution alternative par des modes amiables ou l’arbitrage.Alors que l’approche stratégique peut être tentée de s’affranchir des contraintes éthiques ou morales par l’utilisation de manœuvres dévoyant l’objectif des textes, il est essentiel de rappeler que la possibilité d’une stratégie à la fois profitable et vertueuse existe. A défaut, les juges nationaux et européens joueront leur rôle en tant que garde-fous de l’intégrité du systèmeWhile the term "strategy" is rarely associated with the legal field, strategies aimed at leveraging the law to one's advantage have always existed. To shed light on this phenomenon, this thesis focuses specifically on litigation strategies that revolve around a trial as a central point.The starting assumption was the paramount importance of understanding the rules and the framework to effectively navigate towards an advantageous outcome. Rules here are broadly defined to include the legal rules of the member states and the Union, the case law of their courts, and the entire economic, political, social, and cultural context surrounding the parties and their dispute.Strategic litigation practice in the European area then warranted a detailed review of the various actors involved in the strategy (parties, national judges, European judges), as well as the history and evolution of the European Union and its law.This quest for knowledge of the rules also led us to revisit the conceptual framework and concrete achievements concerning jurisdiction in the European Union, highlighting a complex system revolving around the Brussels 1bis Regulation and a Court of Justice of the Union, both an actor and promoter of European integration.However, the development of strategies does not stop at understanding the rules but requires their anticipation and adaptation to changing realities. The choice of court then becomes a strategic maneuver, guided by both objective and subjective criteria.Reviewing European history as well as the trajectory of the strategic actors provides an opportunity to grasp their operating modes and to anticipate their actions within the context of a multicultural Europe, composed of sovereign member states. It will be about predicting legal developments, jurisprudential reversals, advantageous positions, or even actions that are likely to meet the economic or political objectives of the Union, while keeping in mind that judges can always introduce bias into the judgment process. It will also involve understanding the adversary's history in order to estimate their strengths and weaknesses to adjust the strategy accordingly.However, there is no single path to the success of a litigation strategy: the success of a strategy largely depends on the perception of the litigant, their objectives and expectations. The choice of jurisdiction can then be made based on the procedural guarantees offered, the predictability of the decision, or the application of specific rules attached to the forum.The litigation strategy can also involve breaking away from this scheme to seek an alternative resolution through amicable methods or arbitration.While the strategic approach may be tempted to free itself from ethical or moral constraints by using maneuvers that pervert the purpose of the texts, it is essential to remember that a strategy can be both profitable and virtuous. Failing this, national and European judges will play their role as safeguards of the system's integrity
14
Pienaar, Johanni. "Fermentation, stability and degradability of whole-crop oat silage ensiled with a commercial inoculant." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4204.
Abstract:
Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--Stellenbosch University, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is well-known for periodic dry periods and uncertain rainfall. Ensiling of crops is a method of preserving forage and ensures feed availability during periods when the supply of good quality forage is low. Cereal-based silages, especially in the Western Cape, South Africa, represent a significant proportion of feed consumed by ruminant animals, particularly high-producyion dairy cattle. However, farmers are still concerned about the technical challenges of ensiling cereal crops. Previous research done on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants used on cereal based silage has indicated a potential for improving silage fermentation, stability and degradability, thus enhancing feed conversion and production by ruminants. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of inoculating whole-crop oat silage with Lalsil® Cereal Lactobacilli (Lactobacillus buchneri (NCIMB 40788) and Pediococcus acidilactici (CNCM MA 18/5M)) LAB on (1) silage fermentation, (2) aerobic stability and (3) nutritional value of silage ensiled under a. micro-silos conditions and b. in a bunker under outdoor conditions of a Mediterranean summer. Oats (Avena sativa, cv SSH 405) were planted on 60 ha under dryland conditions at Elsenburg in the Western Cape province, South Africa. Whole-crop oats were harvested at the soft dough stage and length of the chopped material was 9 mm (Day of ensiling – Day 0). Chopped whole-crop oats were sampled, mixed thoroughly and divided into two portions. The Inoculant (Lalsil® Cereal) was applied to one portion to provide 5.79 x 109 colony forming units (CFU) of LAB per gram of fresh material. In the first experiment twenty - four glass silos (1.5 L glass jars) (WECK, GmbH u.Co., Wehr-Ofligen, W. Germany) were filled for each of the control and inoculant treatments. The glass silos were stored in a dark room in the laboratory at ambient temperature. Three glass silos were opened for each treatment on days 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60 and 102 post-ensiling to determine fermentation dynamics. A parallel study was done with the same chopped whole-crop oats using the buried bag technique in a bunker silo. Whole-crop oats were ensiled in six net bags per treatment buried in a bunker filled with the same untreated whole crop oats. Bags, attached with nylon lines (3 m lengths) for easy retrieval were buried at 1m and 2 m depths in the same bunker. The net bags in the bunker were retrieved after 186 days of ensiling. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein (CP), lactic acid levels, pH, water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD) for both studies were determined. Silage of both experiments was exposed to aerobic conditions for ten days to determine aerobic stability. It is concluded that the inoculant Lalsil® Cereal had the effect of reducing the rate of consumption of WSC during the anaerobic phase and aerobic exposure for both experiments. Silage spoilage due to yeasts and moulds was however more evident with the inoculated silage due the presence of sugars in the micro-silos experiment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika is bekend vir droë periodes en wisselvallige reënval. Die inkuiling van gewasse is ‘n goeie manier om ruvoer te voorsien in tye van droogtes of tekorte. Kleingraan kuilvoer is veral bekend in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika en maak ‘n groot deel uit van die melkkoei se rantsoen. Landbouers is nog steeds bekommerd oor die tegniese aspekte wanneer dit kom by die inkuil van gewasse. Vorige navorsing het getoon dat die gebruik van ‘n melksuurbakteriese inokulant saam met die inkuiling van gewasse moontlik die potensiaal het om fermentasie, stabiliteit en degradering te verbeter en sodoende voeromset te verbeter. Twee eksperimente is uitgevoer om die effek van die inkuiling van hawerkuilvoer met Lalsil® Cereal Lactobacilli (Lactobacillus buchneri (NCIMB 40788) en Pediococcus acidilactici (CNCM MA 18/5M)) LAB te bepaal op (1) kuilvoer fermentasie, (2) aërobiese stabiliteit en (3) nutriëntwaarde van die kuilvoer ingekuil in a. mikrosilo’s en b. in ‘n bunker in die buitelug. Hawer (Avena sativa, cv SSH 405) is op 60 ha droë land geplant op Elsenburg in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die hawer is ingekuil tydens die sagte deeg stadium en die gekapte materiaal was ongeveer 9 mm lank. Gekapte material was deeglik gemeng en in twee gedeel. Die inokulant (Lalsil® Cereal) is op die een gedeelte gesproei om 5.79 x 109 kolonie-vormende eenhede (KVE) melksuurbakterieë per gram vars materiaal te voorsien. Tydens die eerste eksperiment is 24 mikrosilo’s (1.5 L glas silo) (WECK, GmbH u.Co., Wehr-Ofligen, W. Duitsland) vir elke behandeling vol kuilvoer gemaak. Hierdie mikrosilo’s is gestoor in ‘n donker kamer teen kamertemperatuur. Drie mikrosilo’s is per behandeling oopgemaak op dag 1, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60 en 102 na inkuiling om die fermentasie-dinamika te bepaal. ‘n Parallelle studie is gedoen met dieselfde materiaal ingekuil in netsakke binne die bunker. Die materiaal was ingekuil in ses netsakke vir elke behandeling. Nylon toue (3 m) is aan die sakke vasgemaak om die uithaal daarvan op latere stadium te vergemaklik. Hierdie sakke is ingekuil op verskillende dieptes, 1 m en 2 m in dieselfde bunker. Die sakke is na 186 dae weer uitgehaal. Droë materiaal (DM), organiese materiaal (OM), neutraal bestande vesel (NBV), ruproteïen (RP), melksuurvlakke, pH, water oplosbare koolhidrate (WOK) en in vitro organiese materiaal verteerbaarheid (IVOMV) vir beide studies is bepaal. Kuilvoer van beide eksperimente is ook blootgestel aan aërobiese toestande vir 10 dae aan aërobiese toestande blootgestel om aërobiese stabiliteit te bepaal. Daar is bepaal dat die inokulant Lalsil® Cereal het die tempo van WOK verbruik verminder gedurende die anaërobies fase sowel as die aërobiese fase vir beide eksperimente. Kuilvoer wat bederf het as gevolg van giste en swamme was meer sigbaar by die inokulant behandelde kuilvoer as gevolg van die teenwoordigheid van suikers in die mikrosilo’s. (Sleutelwoorde: hawerkuilvoer, inokulant, mikrosilo’s, water oplosbare koolhidrate (WOK), in vitro organiese materiaal verteerbaarheid (IVOMV))
15
Cedeño, Brea Víctor Livio Enmanuel [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Drobetz. "The Legal Structure of Commercial Banks and Financial Regulation – Does organizational form matter for the design of bank regulation? / Víctor Livio Enmanuel Cedeño Brea ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Drobetz." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1134866070/34.
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Mablouké, Cécile. "Étude des ratios isotopiques du carbone et de l'azote de la matière organique particulaire et des muscles de poissons d'intérêt commercial d'écosystèmes côtiers tropicaux du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien : contribution à l'étude de leur fonctionnement." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0017/document.
Abstract:
L'objectif de cette thèse est l'étude du régime alimentaire de poissons côtiers commerciaux et la compréhension de l'utilité des isotopes stables du carbone (δ13C) et de l'azote (δ15N) dans l'étude des niches trophiques et de l'occupation des habitats côtiers par les poissons dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Dans la Baie de La Possession, les espèces représentatives des récifs artificiels immergés en 2003 (Luljanus kasmira, Priacanthus hamrur et Selar crumenophthalmus) ingèrent surtout des proies pélagiques et partitionnent leurs niches trophiques afin de limiter la compétition. Les valeurs de δ15N sont positivement corrélées avec la taille des poissons, traduisant une contribution croissante des larves de poissons au régime alimentaire. Les isotopes stables de la matière organique particulaire (MOP) ont été analysés à microéchelle (< 10 km) dans la Baie de La Possession, à mésoéchelle (10aines de km) autour de La Réunion et, pour les muscles de poissons à macroéchelle (l00aines de km) le long,du plateau .des Mascareignes.et du cana1 du Mozambique. À microéchelle, le δ15N de la MOP ne varie pas; à mésoechelle, Il existe un enrichissement significatif en 15N dans le sud-ouest de l'île; à macroéchelle, les muscles des poissons s'enrichissent progressivement en 15N vers le nord. À microéchelle, la MOP est enrichie en 13C à faible profondeur; à mésoéchelle, les stations de l'est sont enrichies en 13C ; à macroéchelle, aucune tendance n'est observée. Ainsi, l'utilité des isotopes stables du carbone pour l'étude de l'utilisation des habitats côtiers est limitée à méso- et macroéchelle et les isotopes stables de l'azote constituent un outil plus pertinent à macroéchelleThe aim of this thesis was to study the feeding habits of coastal fish species of commercial interest andto use stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to investigate the trophic niches of fish and their use of coastal habitats in the south-west Indian Ocean. In the Bay of La Possession, the species among the most abundant around the artificial reefs immersed in 2003 (Luljanus kasmira, Priacanthus hamrur and Selar crumenophthalmus) feed essentially on pelagic prey and partition their trophic niche to limit interspecific competition. There was also a positive correlation between fish size and muscle δ15N values due to fish larvae contributing more to the diet of fish with age. The stable isotopie composition of the particulate organic matter (POM) was measured at the microscale (< 10 km) in the Bay of La Possession, the mesoscale (10's of km) around Reunion Island and, for the fish muscles, at the macroscale 100’s of km) along the Mascarene plateau and the Mozambique channel. At microscale, POM δ15N values do not show any spatial variability; at mesoscale, POM is 15N-enriched in the south-west of Reunion Island; at macroscale, fish muscles are gradually 15N-enriched towards the north. At microscale, POM shows a 13C-enrichment on the shallowest station; at mesoscale, stations on the east coast of the island are 13C-enriched compared to the west; at macroscale, POMδ13C values are not significantly correlated with latitude. Thus, the stable isotopes of carbon do not seem to be appropriate for the study of fish coastal habitat use at the meso- and macroscale, and the stable isotopes of nitrogen represent a better indicator of fish habitat use at the macroscale
17
Tseng, Wen-Cheng, and 曾文正. "A Study On Subjects Matters Insured and Insured Amount of Commercial Fire Insurance." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79133364057200010830.
Abstract:
碩士淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
96
Commercial Fire Insurance is a common and traditional Property Insurance, consumers are aware of this type of insurance but usually don’t understand it. Therefore, controversies will occur between the insured and insurance company while an accident happened. Not only Insured will face the problem about how to classify their assets and decide the insured amount appropriately, but also marketing staff should have good and professional knowledge in this field. For this reason, this paper will study from classification of Taiwan Commercial Fire Insurance. Moreover, Commercial Fire Coverage、Insured Perils and Interest Insured will be further illustrated. Besides, Foreign Insurance Policy will be referred to review and compare with the Taiwan Commercial Fire Insurance Policy. In conclusion, I hope all perspective, discussion and research in this article will provide valuable contribution for commercial fire insurance in Taiwan. This article will be divided into 6 chapters, the following are the digests of each chapter: Chapter 1 "Introduction", to brief the motive, method and the scope of research of this article. Chapter 2 "The Analysis of The Property Insured", to discuss the classification of the property insured and interpret various commercial fire policy and interest insured. At last, we will make a comparison and analysis with the foreign fire insurance policies. Chapter 3 "The Analysis of The Sum Insured", to discuss the valuation basis of the property Insured. Chapter 4 "The Reinsurance Placement of Commercial Fire Insurance", to discuss the type of reinsurance, the current reinsurance market and case study. Chapter 5 "Compensation", to discuss the principle of compensation when an accident occurred, the claim process and the calculation of claim amount, and further discuss about the average clause. Chapter 6 "Conclusion and Suggestion".
18
CHENG, WEN-WEI, and 鄭文暐. "Internet Video Copyright Issues in International Commercial Development-- Centering on Matters of Fair-use and Filtering Mechanism." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48dwyt.
Abstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
108
With the popularization of the network and mobile Internet devices and rapid development, film shooting is easier, the copyright controversy of online video also increased, the government and academia are quite concerned about such development, for the restriction of inappropriate video, there are different interpretations, because the internet video involving the fair use of copyright, and related to the human rights issue of freedom of expression, the practice of the restrictions on video is still controversial. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, providing a safe harbor for the network service providers, in order to reduce litigation, and exempt from related legal liabilities to benefit the development of the network industry. However, with increased video infringement, the network service providers are asked to bear the liability for damages for infringement. Internet video industry has recently adopted a number of computer automatic filtering mechanisms to give preliminary review of uploaded video, and the use of “CONTENT ID” technology to manage the distribution of benefits, in an attempt to reduce the dispute over copyrights. On the examination of film content by computer filtering mechanism, the advanced countries like Europe and the United States where the protection of free speech and social information are well developing, which arouses considerable concern, fear that the filtering mechanism may infringes on freedom of expression, which also shows the high development of human existence consciousness, and naturally puts forward various views on the issue between the fair use and copyright protection. The EU has proposed amendments to the increasingly video infringements, which could impact the fair use and cause considerable controversy within the EU region. This paper discusses and compares the pattern of the fair use of copyrighted works, and analyzes the response to the relevant companies, and for the EU in recent copyright legislative process and related opinions, for the internet video industry should bear more responsibility, under the EU digital single market copyright directive Article 17 norms, to add providers greater verification obligation. There are also provides fair use protections in expressed provisions. Whether it can really protect the fair use and the interests of copyright owners, the discussion may provide some future legislative analysis.
19
Juan, Wei-fang, and 阮維芳. "A Study of the International Parallel Proceedings in Civil and Commercial Matters: Lis Pendens and Forum Non Conveniens." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33899860803757753831.
Abstract:
碩士國立中正大學
法律所
95
Every country establishes the international jurisdiction under different standards or rules of jurisdiction, as there is no definite criterion to judge about the international jurisdiction to adjudicate in civil and commercial maters. Furthermore, every country usually extends its international jurisdiction as far as possible. The international parallel proceedings exists inevitably result of the jurisdiction active conflict. In order to achieve litigants’ substantial rights, promote the procedure efficiency and realize a goal to avoid conflicts between the decisions which might result from the international parallel proceedings, solving the questions about parallel proceedings becomes one of the principle problems of international civil procedure. Since the substantial differences in the institution of proceedings and legal systems between civil-law and common-law countries, there are dissimilar type of mechanisms in the international parallel proceedings. The former advances the rule of lis pendens, that is to say, the rule of priority for a first-seised court ; the latter develops the doctrine of forum non conveniens that permits a court to decline to exercise judicial jurisdiction if an alternative forum would be substantially more convenient or appropriate. Article 182.2 of Taiwan’s Code of Civil Procedure was amended on 25 June 2003, which provides: "In cases where a party has initiated an action with regard to a subject matter for which an action is pending in a foreign court, if reasons exist for the court reasonably to believe that the foreign court''s judgment on the action may be recognized in the R.O.C., and it is not substantially inconvenient for the defendant to litigate in such foreign country, then the court by a ruling may stay the proceeding until the entry of a final and binding judgment on the action in that foreign country, except where the parties have otherwise consented to have the subject matter adjudicated by the R.O.C. court. Before deciding on the ruling provided in the preceding paragraph, the court shall accord the parties an opportunity to be heard. " To prevent parallel proceedings before the courts of different countries and reduce the risk of irreconcilable decisions, the provision borrowed from the rule of lis pendens. As regards the problems of international jurisdiction active conflict, though not yet adopted in the existing law of Taiwan, the doctrine of forum non conveniens has been repeatedly applied by Taiwan courts. As a beginning, this thesis will survey the doctrine of lis pendens and forum non conveniens from the practice in the European Union and the United States. Then, it will observe the regulation and practice of the problems of international parallel proceedings in Taiwan; attempts to examine further the applicability of the doctrine of lis pendens and forum non conveniens. Finally, the author proposed some suggestions based on the analysis of some cases of the European Court and U.S. courts. Key Words: International Civil Litigations, International Jurisdiction, International Parallel Proceedings, International Jurisdiction Active Conflict, Lis Pendens, Forum Non Conveniens, Brussels Convention, Brussels Regulation Ⅰ, Preliminary Draft Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters.
20
Joshua, J. J. "Language matters in a rural commercial farm community : exploring language use and implementation of the language-in-education policy." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1062.
Abstract:
The release of the Language-in-Education Policy (LiEP) in July 1997 marked a fundamental and almost radical break from the state-driven language policy of the apartheid government, to one that recognizes cultural diversity as a national asset, the development and promotion of eleven official languages and gave individuals the right to choose the language of learning and teaching (DoE, 1997: 2-3). The LiEP aimed at providing a framework to enable schools to formulate appropriate school language policies that align with the intentions of the new policy, namely, to maintain home language(s) while providing access to the effective acquisition of additional language(s) and to promote multilingualism. This research explores language use and implementation of the LiEP in a rural commercial farm community. The study is guided by three research questions, namely: 1. What is the language use and preference of a selected rural commercial farm community? 2. How do teachers on rural commercial farm schools respond to the LiEP and its implementation? 3. What are the implications of the language preference and use of a selected rural commercial farm community and teachers’ responses to the LiEP and its implementation for language practice at rural commercial farm schools? After reviewing literature on rurality and language policy implementation in South Africa, the study articulated a broader contextual framework which is titled Rurality as a sense of place. This perspective captures the uniqueness of the context and facilitates a deep understanding of how rurality as a sense of place influences language preference and use. A further theoretical framework, namely the combined models of Stern (1983) and Sookrajh (1999), facilitate an understanding of rural community language preference and the implications for practice in the school environment. xiv To achieve the aims of the study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. A language preference and use survey questionnaire was conducted with respondents comprising parents, teachers and learners. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected teachers and principals and school governing body chairpersons. The findings were inter-related at the policy, community and school levels. The study identified patterns and problems of language use at different levels. At a community level, it focused on language profiles of parents teachers and learners; language use in private and public situations; attitudes towards public language policy and language choices in the language of teaching and learning as well as the use of mother-tongue and additional languages as subjects. At the school level, it focused on teacher and principals’ beliefs and understandings of the LiEP and implementation challenges being faced. The study found that while most respondents come from multilingual backgrounds, the use of African languages is confined to “home and hearth.” English and to a diminished extent, Afrikaans is still widely used in public interactions. At school level, there has been no significant change to school language policy developments. The subtractive model of language teaching where mother-tongue is used in the early grades and an abrupt transfer to English as the language of learning and teaching from grade four onwards continues to exist in three of the four schools. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that English is not widely used in the rural community and learners have no exposure to quality English language interactions. This study recommends a market-oriented approach to promoting African languages which effectively involves all stakeholders participating in concert to implement the multilingual policy. Since English remains the dominant language in South Africa and is viewed as the language of opportunity, the language of international communication, the language of economic power, and the language of science and technology, schools should promote education that uses learners’ home languages for learning, while at the same time providing access to quality English language teaching and learning.http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1062
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.
21
Schleiffer, Marais Prisca Christina Leonie. "Cross-border taking of evidence in civil and commercial matters in Switzerland, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10205.
Abstract:
The thesis investigates the extent to which cross-border taking of evidence in civil and com-mercial matters in relation to Switzerland, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda is allowed. Such evidence-taking is not only governed by the domestic law of the state seeking evidence abroad and that of the state where the relevant means of proof are located, but also by public international law, and more specifically by the concept of sovereignty. The ad-missibility of the cross-border taking of evidence under public international law depends on whether or not evidence-gathering in civil litigation is regarded as a judicial act, which violates sovereignty when performed on foreign territory, or as a purely private act. In the first case, the evidentiary material has to be obtained through channels of international judicial assistance. Such assistance can either be rendered based on the basis of an international treaty, or through courtoisie internationale. No international judicial assistance is necessary in cases of a so-called “transfer of foreign evidence”, provided no compulsion is applied which infringes the sovereignty of the foreign state.
The thesis analyses the taking of evidence abroad based on the Hague Evidence Convention, and the Hague Procedure Convention. It further expounds how evidence located in Switzer-land, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda can be obtained for the benefit of civil proceed-ings pending abroad in the absence of any relevant international treaty. The thesis also exam-ines under what conditions a litigant in civil proceedings in the aforementioned countries may request evidence to be taken on foreign soil. The position of cross-border taking of evidence in civil and commercial matters in the said countries is assessed, and suggestions are made on how such status quo may be improved. The thesis makes an attempt to establish the basic prin-ciples for a convention on evidence-taking in civil and commercial matters between South Af-rica, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda. The development of such principles, however, is only possible once the similarities and differences in the procedure for the taking of evidence and the means of proof in the relevant laws of the aforesaid countries have been identified.Public, Constitutional, & International
LL.D.
22
Sura, Matúš. "Prorogation of Jurisdiction within the meaning of the Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278259.
23
Kassel, Bryoni. "The recognition and enforcement of European civil and commercial judgements in South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14039.
Abstract:
LL.M. (International Commercial Law)Legal judgements against unsuccessful defendants are handed down around the world on a daily basis, but their enforcement can become a complicated matter when the enforcement of the judgement must occur outside the territorial boundaries of the state from which it emanates. The purpose of this paper is to determine the enforceability of judgements of the European courts whereby the jurisdiction of the court was determined in terms of Brussels I. This paper begins with an in-depth discussion of the principles of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements and the purpose it serves within the context of private international law. The second chapter discusses recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in South Africa. The requirements and the criteria necessary to fulfil such requirements will be discussed under this heading. The third chapter considers the various grounds of jurisdiction available to the plaintiff in approaching a court of a European Union State. Each ground will be followed by a discussion on the enforceability of a judgement, founded on such a ground of jurisdiction, in terms of the South African principles of recognition and enforcements of foreign judgements and whether the requirements discussed in the preceding chapter have been met. Chapter 4 provides concluding remarks relating to the matters discussed in the body of this paper.
24
Modubu, Boitumelo Maleshoane. "A novel interpretation of article 5(1) (b) of the Brussels I Regulation in respect of complex contracts." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14008.
25
Sitole, Risenga Wiseman. "Determination of the real exchange rate in commodity exporting countries: do commodity prices matter?" Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23215.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits Business School, 2017.This study examines the relationship between major commodity exports and the real exchange rate of commodity exporting countries. We make use of monthly commodity price time series data to determine the causality relationship between exchange rates and the top three commodity exports from 5 commodity exporting countries (Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Norway and South Africa). Due to the phenomenon called “Dutch Disease” commodity exporting countries’ economies are found not to experience large economic success during periods of booming export commodity prices. Using data from the IMF IFS database, only one country out of the five included in this study shows evidence of conitegration relationship between commodity prices and exchange rates, although there is some evidence of commodity prices explaining the movement of exchange rates in all five countries. We find that commodity prices do play a role in the exchange rates movement in commodity exporting countries.
MT2017
26
Melamu, Seapei Diana. "The role of express submission to jurisdiction under the Brussels I Regulation, Brussels I (Recast) and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14009.
Abstract:
LL.M. (International Commercial Law)This essay seeks to look at the role of express submission to jurisdictjon under the Brussels I Regulation,lthe Brussels I (recast) Regulation2 and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements.3 The express submission to jurisdiction under the three instruments mentioned in the previous sentence refers to the situation in which parties to an international commercial contract include in their contract a court of their choice to govern any disputes that may arise between them. This designated court may or may not be situated in a country that is a member of the three instruments mentioned above. The purpose of this thesis is to determine what will occur when the court chosen is from a country that is not a member of either of the three instruments mentioned. We will first look at express submission and the role it plays in determining which court has jurisdiction. This section on express submission will provide the definition of express submission in the context of a contract which incorporates a choice-of-forum agreement between the parties who are engaged in an international commercial transaction. The thesis will view the role of submission in a common-law and civil-law country in light of express submission by contract. Finally, a distinction will be made between an exclusive and non-exclusive jurisdiction clause. A brief discussion ofthe Brussels Convention4 (The Convention) will be provided in order to present the fact that the Convention only applies when a choice-of-forum agreement in a contract has assoned thejurisdiction to a court of a country which is a member of the Convention. The Convention would not apply when a choice-of-forum agreement in a contract has assigned jurisdiction to the court of a country which is not a member to the Convention. ln order to determine whether the position has changed since the enactment of the Brussels I Regulation (Regulation) with regard to choice-of-forum agreements that designate jurisdiction to the court of a country in a nonmember state of the Regulation, provisions relating to express submission clauses will be discussed. A further discussion will be provided to ascertain whether the enactment of the Council Regulation (EC) No 4412001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement ofjudgments in civil and commercial matters.
27
Yang, Tai-ho, and 楊泰和. "Exploring the Experiences of “Yingchou” and the Management of “Guanxi-flow” in Chinese Commercial Fields－Does “Guanxi” Matter？." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47757376228796098109.
Abstract:
博士國立中正大學
企業管理所
95
This thesis aims at exploring the experiences of “yingchou”(social intercourse) and the management of “Guanxi-flow” in Chinese commercial fields. The major topics to be addressed in this study are as follows: what does “guanxi” mean in Chinese’s commercial fields; how do people have their “yingchou”; how does “guanxi” relate to the trade in Chinese society; furthermore, what is “Guanxi-flow” in business organization and how should it be managed. By constructivist paradigm derived from post-positivism, with an interdisciplinary view of Sociology and Management, the researchers intend to utilize “endogenous indigenization” to reflect emic qualitative method so as to put the distinctive features of participants’ society, culture, etc into consideration. In order to garner qualitative data from fourteen upper-level managers, we not only utilized field study from the view of a complete observer but also conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with our participants. The interviews had two phases: during the first phase, we interviewed six participants with backgrounds of a Beijinger, a Taiwanese local and a Taiwanese businessman in China in an attempt to narrow down the scope of the research topics as well as to form tentative research questions. Based on that, the second-phase interview had its cores on specifically targeted companies. We adopted the “snowballing” method to recruit eight interviewees who have financial or selling dealings with the companies so as to investigate the issues of “guanxi” management. With the aid of qualitative analysis software, ATLAS.ti, we analyzed the text data based on the principles of hermeneutic circle within the realm of thematic analysis. The results indicate two main contextual meanings. The first is “does guanxi matter?” and how does “guanxi” propels the commercial trading in Chinese society ---1.varied connotations of “yingchou”: social network and phenomenon are intricately complicated and fluctuate swiftly; 2.“yingchou” is the social platform where people build up their connections as well as share and exchange confidential information: between drinking and merrymaking, what soberness conceals, drunkenness reveals; 3.the nature and functions of “guanxi”: maintain a cordial relationship just for the rainy days. The second contextual meaning is to uncover the “black box” of management and how “Guanxi-flow” should be managed ---1.establish a mutually beneficial relationship: draw on the strength of each to offset the weakness of the other and move from business friends to genuine friends; 2.the rule of thumb for social intercourse: cater for other’s preference and make the appropriate moves based on the current contexts; 3.management of costs and effectiveness of “yingchou”/entertainment expense: each one shows his or her prowess to attain the goal. Finally, in the discussion and conclusion, the researchers innovatively propose the notion of “Guanxi-flow.” Following the same notion, we further bring about the implications for the management of “guanxi” and offer suggestions for future studies.
28
BRESKOVSKI, Vassil. "After the Cold War: Does international trade and financial law matter?" Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4581.
29
Flores, Patiño Alejandro. "La compétence du tribunal arbitral dans l'arbitrage commercial." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2387.
Abstract:
Cette étude vise à définir et à préciser l'étendue ainsi que le contenu de la notion de
compétence du tribunal arbitral dans l'arbitrage commercial.
L'analogie des statuts du juge étatique et de l'arbitre nous permettra d'étendre
l'application de certaines notions propres à la justice étatique, telles que «juridiction»,
«compétence» et «pouvoir», à l'arbitrage commercial. Ainsi, dans la première partie, à
travers l'identification des principaux pouvoirs qu'un tribunal arbitral possède ou peut
posséder, nous aurons à préciser la notion de juridiction arbitrale. L'étude sera axée sur la
détermination du contenu et sur l'identification de la source de chacun des pouvoirs
traités. Par ailleurs, dans la deuxième partie, l'identification des limites desdits pouvoirs
nous permettra de préciser la notion de compétence arbitrale.
L'étude nous permettra de conclure que, sauf exception, telle que le recours à la force, les
pouvoirs d'un juge étatique sont les mêmes que ceux qu'un tribunal arbitral peut
posséder. En fait, ce dernier, grâce à la volonté des parties, pourrait en avoir plus que le
premier. Toutefois, le caractère hybride de l'arbitrage nous amènera à affirmer que, sauf
exception, telle que la justice naturelle, les limites des pouvoirs du juge étatique diffèrent
de celles du tribunal arbitral.The objective of this study is to define and specify the scope as well as the content of the concept of arbitral tribunal jurisdiction in commercial arbitration. An analogy between the status of national judge and of arbitrator enables us to expand the application of certain concepts specifie to national justice, such as "jurisdiction", "authority" and "powers", to commercial arbitration. Thus, in the first part, by identifying the principal powers an arbitral tribunal has or could have, we specify the concept of arbitral authority. The study focuses on determining the content and identifying the source of each of the powers treated. Moreover, in the second part, identifying the limits of said powers enables us to specify the concept of arbitral jurisdiction. The study allows us to conclude that, with a few exceptions such as physical imposition, the powers of a national judge are the same as those of an arbitral tribunal. In fact, the latter, owing to the intention of the parties, may have more than the former. However, the hybrid character of arbitration leads us to assert that, with a few exceptions such as natural justice, the limits of the national judge's powers differ from those of the arbitral tribunal.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (L.L.M)"