Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial loans Data processing'
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Hernando, Alben, Elvaretta Miranda, Lauw Luvena Aileen Theodora, Yohanes B. Kadarusma, and Glisera Agri Ariyan. "Dampak Faktor Makroekonomi terhadap Non Performing Loan pada Kredit Produktif Bank Umum di Indonesia." Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/saki.3.1.1-28.
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This study aims to find out the factors that affect non-performing loans of productive loans of commercial banks registeredin oritas Jasa Keuangan. This study examined the macroeconomic variables that affect productive credit NPLs. The sample used is a commercial bank in Indonesia, which is registered in OJK. Productive credit NPL data are taken quarterly from 2003 to 2017,and 56 observationsare obtained. The regression model used in this study is ARDL, with the help of processing Eviews 10 software. The macroeconomic variables tested in this research consist of GDP growth, loan interest rates growth, and IDR/ USD exchangerate growth. GDP growth and exchange rate growth has a negative relationship, while loan interest rates growth does not have a significant relationship with the dependent variable.
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Chen, Mingkeng, and Xiaoyun Ma. "An Optimized BP Neural Network Model and Its Application in the Credit Evaluation of Venture Loans." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 2, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8791968.
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With the rapid development of entrepreneurship loans in China, the construction of a credit evaluation system of risk loans has become an important financial safeguard measure. This paper mainly studies the following three aspects. Firstly, in view of the subjective factors in the approval process of venture loans, based on the credit evaluation system of commercial banks and the data characteristics of venture loans, a credit evaluation system based on venture loans is constructed. Secondly, the randomized uniform design method is used to improve the population initialization method to realize the uniform distribution of the individual population. Finally, aiming at the problem of low efficiency of venture loan audit, this paper proposes an optimized BP neural network to evaluate the venture loan. Especially, through data processing, a credit index system is constructed, and then the optimized BP neural network model is determined in parameters. The model contains 15 input nodes, 1 hidden layer, and 2 output layers. Finally, the simulation shows that the optimized BP neural network model has obvious advantages in the loan evaluation. This paper includes the development status of credit evaluation of venture loans is empirically studied by using an optimized BP neural network model of nonexpected output.
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Dinah Purnamasari and Fatchan Achyani. "Analysis of the Effect of Credit Expansion, Operational Efficiency Rate, Lending Interest Rate, NPL of the Previous Period and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on Non-Performing Loans Based on the Generalized Method of Moment." Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems919.
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This study aims to determine the effect of credit expansion, operational efficiency, lending interest rate, NPL in the previous period and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on Non-Performing Loans (NPL). This type of research was quantitative and used secondary data from annual reports. This study used a sample of 20 conventional commercial banks registered on the IDX in 2017-2019 with sample determination using the purposive sampling method. The technique for analyzing data in this study used the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) with data processing using the help of the Eviews 9 application. Based on the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) analysis, it was obtained that credit expansion as measured by loan to deposit ratio and lending interest rate did not significantly affect non-performing loans. The level of operational efficiency as measured by Operating Expenses on Operating Income (BOPO), NPL of the previous period, and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) significantly affected non-performing loans.
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Jakušonoka, Ingrīda, and Linda Barakauska. "DEVELOPMENT AND USAGE OF SCORING SYSTEMS IN GIVING MORTGAGES BY COMMERCIAL BANKS OF LATVIA." Science and Studies of Accounting and Finance: Problems and Perspectives 10, no. 1 (November 25, 2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ssaf.2016.06.
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Competition among banks is stiff in this field (mortgage loans), where everyone wants to offer clients more favourable terms and conditions, thus gaining the largest market share. However, the credit terms and conditions can vary considerably, given the purpose of credit and the collateral. The world uses different assessment methods for a borrower’s evaluation. Particular attention is paid to the borrower's credibility and additional creditworthiness by collecting, processing and evaluating important information on the credit applicant. This research work is based on theoretical knowledge in economics, legal documents and statistical data analyses to investigate mortgage lending by Latvian commercial banks, the potential risks, the solvency assessment models, including the scoring system (the system’s role in mortgage lending practised by Latvian commercial banks), and to develop proposals for the system improvement. In the paper, the authors give insight into the creditworthiness analysis model – Credit Scoring –, the Latvian mortgage credit market, different loan terms and conditions provided by Latvian commercial banks and lending development impacts and describe the essence of the scoring system and the way how Latvian commercial banks use the system. The new provisions of 2016 in the Consumer Rights Protection Law regarding requesting complete information allow considerably enhancing the loan scoring system of commercial banks in compliance with Directive 2014/17/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 February on credit agreements for consumers relating to residential immovable property.
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Safitri, Julia, and Yuridistya Primadhita. "The Role of Credit Risk as Mediating the Effect of Liquidity on Sharia Banking Performance." Perisai : Islamic Banking and Finance Journal 6, no. 1 (March 19, 2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/perisai.v6i1.1580.
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This study aims to examine and analyze the relationship of the influence of liquidity on bank performance mediated by credit risk. Using data on Islamic banking companies listed on the IDX in 2013-2019. The methodology of this research was carried out to achieve the objectives of this study, namely how the influence of liquidity on the performance of Islamic banking companies in Indonesia which is mediated by credit risk. By processing data from data collected from the pre-pandemic and during the pandemic, this research can prove the proposed hypothesis. The analytical tool used is SEM-PLS with WarpPLS 7.0 application. The results of this study indicate that credit risk can partially mediate the relationship between the influence of liquidity on bank performance. This study succeeded in proving that the influence of liquidity on bank performance is acceptable and can be mediated by credit risk. This is in line with the Commercial Loan Theory which explains that providing loans to short-term and productive customers can minimize customer defaults, so that the company's performance will be maintained. During the current pandemic, it is one of the things that makes companies careful in managing liquidity as well as in distributing credit. Banks must be really selective in choosing loans submitted by customers, in order to avoid defaults that cause a decline in bank performance.
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Narikae, Parmain Ole, Dr Juliana M. Namada, and Prof Paul Katuse. "ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION GAPS." International Journal of Business Strategies 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ijbs.272.
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Purpose: The journal aims at assessing how organizational policy framework leads to strategy implementation gaps. The study population was made up of management and support staff of Kenyan commercial banks.Methodology: It employed the use of questionnaires to obtain relevant data from respondents. The study focused on 250 top, middle and lower level employees from Kenyan commercial banks. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics methods used include mean and standard deviation. The inferential statistics used in the study include Pearson correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and coefficients. The research data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel programs. Organizational policy framework was divided into ten parameters; standard operating procedures, operations manuals, loan processing policies, human resource policies, company circulars, departmental communication, memos, instructional letters, email instructions and information technology policies. Of all the ten factors of organizational policy framework, the highly statistical significant ones were standard operational procedures and loan processing policies.Results: A correlation analysis to determine the relationship between standard operating procedures and loan processing policies established that standard operating procedures influenced loan processing policies.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study assessed how policy framework leads to strategy implementation gaps in Kenyan Commercial Banks. Further studies about factors leading to strategy implementation gaps should be conducted on other financial institutions like insurance and, indeed, other industries.
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Safitri, Anggi Windu, and Rimi Gusliana Mais. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Murabahah Financing on Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia 2012–2018." Indonesian Journal of Business, Accounting and Management 2, no. 01 (June 10, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36406/ijbam.v2i2.583.
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Abstract—This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Third Party Funds (DPK), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), and Return On Ratio (ROA) to Financing Murabaha at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the 2012-2018 Period. There are ten samples in this study that meet the research criteria, namely BCA Syariah Bank, BRI Syariah Bank, BNI Syariah Bank, Mandiri Syariah Bank, Syariah Bukopin Bank, Panin Indonesia Syariah Bank, Jabar Banten Syariah Bank, Mega Syariah Bank, Muamalat Bank, Victoria Bank Sharia. This research method is quantitative with data processing tools usingEviews 9 and the analysis tool used was panel data regression analysis. The selected model is the modelFixed Effect which was tested by F test and t test, with a significance of 5%. The results of the study show that the ratio of Third Party Funds has a positive and significant effect on financing Murabaha which means that no matter how big the deposited DPK will affect any amount of financing Murabaha. Capital Adequacy Ratio, Financing to Deposit Ratio, Net Performing Financing, and Return on Assets does not affect financing Murabaha, which means that no matter how big the CAR, FDR, NPF, and ROA will not affect the distribution of capital adequacy, distribution of total loans, nonperforming financing and investment profits to Financing Murabaha.
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Emefiene, M. E., V. I. Joshua, C. Nwadike, A. Y. Yaroson, and N. D. E. Zwalnan. "Profitability Analysis of Pigean Pea (Cajanus cajan) Production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State." International Letters of Natural Sciences 18 (July 2014): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.18.73.
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The study focused on the profitability of pigeon pea production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 80 targeted farmers to get information on their socio-economic characteristics, years of experience in pigeon pea production and the reason for growing pigeon pea. The analytical tool used includes descriptive statistics to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and farm budgeting technique (gross margin analysis) for assessing the profitability of pigeon pea production. The study also identified the constraints encountered by farmers such as high cost of labour, inadequate processing / storage facilities, problems of access to credit/loans and weed/pest infestation. The results shows that pigeon pea production is profitable with a total variable cost (TVC) at N22620.68 per ha, while gross revenue (GR) was N50185.25 per ha, the profit margin (GM) at N32564.59 and the net return per Naira invested was N0.69. It was recommended that farm inputs and improved seed varieties should be made available to farmers at affordable rates so as to enable them operate at a commercial and profitable level of pigeon pea production. These farmers should be encouraged to form a cooperative society so as to alleviate the problem of credit/ loan acquisition and procurement of genuine products as well as avoid exploitation
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Emefiene, M. E., V. I. Joshua, C. Nwadike, A. Y. Yaroson, and N. D. E. Zwalnan. "Profitability Analysis of Pigean Pea (<i>Cajanus cajan</i>) Production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State." International Letters of Natural Sciences 18 (July 3, 2014): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ogjgt1.
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The study focused on the profitability of pigeon pea production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 80 targeted farmers to get information on their socio-economic characteristics, years of experience in pigeon pea production and the reason for growing pigeon pea. The analytical tool used includes descriptive statistics to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and farm budgeting technique (gross margin analysis) for assessing the profitability of pigeon pea production. The study also identified the constraints encountered by farmers such as high cost of labour, inadequate processing / storage facilities, problems of access to credit/loans and weed/pest infestation. The results shows that pigeon pea production is profitable with a total variable cost (TVC) at N22620.68 per ha, while gross revenue (GR) was N50185.25 per ha, the profit margin (GM) at N32564.59 and the net return per Naira invested was N0.69. It was recommended that farm inputs and improved seed varieties should be made available to farmers at affordable rates so as to enable them operate at a commercial and profitable level of pigeon pea production. These farmers should be encouraged to form a cooperative society so as to alleviate the problem of credit/ loan acquisition and procurement of genuine products as well as avoid exploitation
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O. Afolabi, Adedeji, and Ifeoluwa R. Akinlolu. "Evaluation of women’s access to building credits from banks in Nigeria." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.05.
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Women are responsible for the fastest economic growth in the world through their commercial activities. Despite this notable act, women in developing countries are most times sidelined in accessing financial incentives from banks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the criteria used by banks and the problems encountered by women in accessing building credits in Nigeria. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design that utilized an electronic questionnaire instrument. The data obtained were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, 100% stacked bars, mean score, ANOVA, and categorical regression (CAT-REG) tests. The result revealed that the primary criteria to access building credits across different banks in Nigeria were the source of income/level of income, credit status/review, and the value of the collateral. When women can access building credits from banks, it can lead to improved living conditions for women, improved work-life, and benefits for their children. However, the lack of collateral, lack of financial literacy, lack of formal employment, and lack of right to ownership of property are limiting factors in women lending from banks. Furthermore, gender discrimination, lack of financial literacy, and low educational background could influence women’s access to building credits from banks. To facilitate the provision of loans to women from banks, it is necessary to improve government policy, economic reforms and banking legislation for women’s access to loans. AcknowledgmentThe article processing charge (APC) for this paper was supported by Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery, Nigeria.
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Firdaus, Jemmy, Fakhry Zamzam, and Harsi Romli. "PENGARUH DETERMINASI PENYALURAN KREDIT TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK UMUM TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)." Ekonomica Sharia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah 6, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36908/esha.v6i2.205.
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This research aims to determine the influence of credit distribution determinations of Spread of Interest Rate (SIR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Non Perfoming Loan (NPL) against the profitability of commercial banks. The focus of research is on the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population used in this research is a public bank listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2018. This study uses multiple regression analysis methods with data processing techniques using 8 eviews. The test results proved that: 1) The increase in SIR has no effect on the profitability of the national commercial Bank located in IDX period 2010-2018. ; 2) The increase of LDR negatively affects the profitability of the national commercial Bank located in IDX period 2010-2018; 3) The NPL increase affects the increase in profitability of the national commercial Bank located in the IDX period 2010-2018.
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Pandey, Krishan Kumar, Abhishek Giri, Saket Sharma, and Anurag Singh. "PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS ON BANKING DATA." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 8, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2021.v0805.003.
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The entire human activity is generating about 2.5 quintillion bytes of data per day. It is growing exponentially. The tremendous volume of data is getting generated by different banking services, including real-estate loan, deposit accounts services, credit card issuing service, commercial loan lending and many more. The bank data is used for business analytic that keeps eyes on past growth also Predictive analysis opens doors for future growth. For this project, during the predictive analysis, we used some historical data generated by an organization during loan processing. We intended to predict whether a new applicant will have granted a loan or not. The analysis was done by building Machine Learning (ML) models using different classification algorithms like Random Forest(RF), Logistic Regression(LR), Support Vector Machine(SVM), Decision Tree(DT), Gradient Boosting, XG Boost. The classifier models were trained and tested on hyper parameters as the performance of each model was analyzed using Confusion Matrix. We compared efficiencies using Recall, Precision, Accuracy and F1 score in a tabular form among all models. LR yields an F1 score of 0.90 and 0.62 for class 1 (approved) and class 0 (not Approved), respectively. Also, XG Boost gave F1 score of 0.89 and 0.64 for the same class 1 and 0.
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Noman, Abu Hanifa Md, Md Amzad Hossain, and Sajeda Pervin. "An Investigation of Credit Risk Management Strategies of Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh." Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol. 2(2) 2014 2, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2014.2.2(10).
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Objective - The study aims to investigate credit risk management practices and credit risk management strategies of the local private commercial banks in Bangladesh. Methodology -The investigation is conducted based on primary data collected from a set of both closed end and open end questionnaire from 23 out of 39 local private commercial banks in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics has been used in processing the data and interpreting the results. Findings - The results reveal that credit risk management practice of the sample banks is sound which is attributed to the appropriate implementation of Basel II and credit risk management guidelines the country's central bank. The findings further show that use of Credit risk grading is most popular and effective criteria for measuring the borrowing capacity of the borrowers. In order to control credit risk and preventing losses from credit exposure banks give more focus on collateralization, accurate loan pricing and third party guarantee. Loan is monitored properly and credit reminder is given to the client if principal and interest remain outstanding for three months. The study further reveals that lack of experienced and trained credit officers, lack of genuine market information and Lack of awareness regarding non-genuine borrower are the most important problems of current credit risk management practices in Bangladesh. Novelty - To the best of the knowledge of the authors the study is the first that investigates credit risk management strategies of private commercial banks, especially on Bangladesh. Type of Paper - Empirical Keyword : Bangladesh; Commercial Bank; Credit risk; Credit risk management; Credit risk management strategies.
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Jaya, Gladis Kusuma. "ANALISIS PENGARUH ROA, ROE, NPL, DAN LDR TERHADAP CAR DI PERBANKAN INDONESIA PERIODE 2004-2015." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 21, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v21i1.1633.
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This research aims to analyze whether the Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Non Performing Loan (NPL) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) have significantinfluencesimultaneously and partially toward Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). This research classifiedthe verificativeresearch. The population is the national private commercial bank period 2004-2015. Sample was determined by the higher bank asset, a total of fivecompanies. The secondary data were taken such as from financialreport of Banks started from 2004 until 2013. The technique of data analysis in this research using panel regresion analysis. CAR as a dependent variable, ROA, ROE, NPL and LDR as independent variables. Data processing using Eviews 6. The result provides evidance that ROA, ROE, NPL, and LDR have significantinfluencesimultaneously toward CAR. ROA and NPL partially have positive significantinfluencetoward CAR. ROE and LDR partially have negative significantinfluencetoward CAR.
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LUCIANEZ, A., M. A. HOLMES, and A. W. TUCKER. "Relationships between Processing Delay and Microbial Load of Broiler Neck Skin Samples." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.1.26.
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The measurable microbial load on poultry carcasses during processing is determined by a number of factors including farm or origin, processing hygiene, and external temperature. This study investigated associations between carcass microbial load and progressive delays to processing. A total of 30 carcasses were delayed immediately after defeathering and before evisceration in a commercial abattoir in groups of five, and were held at ambient temperature for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h. Delayed carcasses were reintroduced to the processing line, and quantitative assessment of total viable count, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas spp. was undertaken on neck skin flap samples collected after carcass chilling and then pooled for each group. Sampling was repeated on 5 separate days, and the data were combined. Significant increases in total viable count (P = 0.001) and coliforms (P = 0.004), but not for S. aureus or Pseudomonas loads, were observed across the 8-h period of delay. In line with previous studies, there was significant variation in microbiological data according to sampling day. In conclusion, there is a significant and measurable decline in microbiological status of uneviscerated but defeathered poultry carcasses after an 8-h delay, but the variability of sampling results, reflecting the wide range of factors that impact microbial load, means that it is not possible to determine maximum or minimum acceptable periods of processing delay based on this criterion alone.
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Biasmara, Hanif Artafani. "Pengaruh Tingkat Suku Bunga, Inflasi, dan Kredit Bermasalah terhadap Penyaluran Kredit UMKM di Indonesia." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v6i1.11438.
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Banks as intermediary institutions have a role in extending credit to the public. One of the loans provided by banks to the public is credit for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This research was conducted to analyze several factors consisting of Bank Indonesia (BI) interest rates or BI Rate, inflation, and bad credit or NPL that would affect MSME credit distribution. The research period is from 2011 to 2020. While the object sample consists of four banking groups, namely State-Owned Banks, Regional Development Banks, Foreign Exchange Commercial Banks, and Joint Venture Banks and Foreign Owned Banks. Where this research is a quantitative study using secondary data. Data processing using Panel Data Regression through Stata 16. The results obtained indicate that bad credit has a significant positive effect on MSME credit. Meanwhile, interest rates and inflation did not have a significant effect on MSME credit. Bank sebagai lembaga perantara memiliki peranan dalam menyalurkan kredit kepada masyarakat. Salah satu kredit yang diberikan oleh bank kepada masyarakat adalah kredit Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis beberapa faktor yang terdiri atas tingkat suku bunga Bank Indonesia (BI) atau BI Rate, inflasi, dan kredit bermasalah atau NPL, akan pengaruhnya terhadap penyaluran kredit UMKM. Periode penelitian yaitu tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2020. Sedangkan sampel objek terdiri atas empat kelompok bank yaitu Bank Persero, Bank Pembangunan Daerah, Bank Swasta Nasional, dan Bank Asing atau Campuran. Dimana penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Data diolah dengan menggunakan metode Regresi Data Panel melalui perangkat lunak Stata 16. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu menunjukkan bahwa kredit bermasalah memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap kredit UMKM. Sedangkan tingkat suku bunga dan inflasi berpengaruh namun tidak signifikan terhadap kredit UMKM.
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Kushnir, Svitlana, and Serhii Zasoba. "ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING IN UKRAINE." Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 1, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2020-2-10.
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The objective of the article is to study the possibilities of agricultural production and agricultural processing and search for the prospects of development of the industry of Ukraine. Methodology. The following analyses are carried out: profitability and cost-effectiveness (rate of return) of the agricultural products, the level of consumption of basic food products in Ukraine, availability of agricultural machinery at agricultural enterprises, the structure and growth rate of purchase of agricultural machinery at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. Results. It is proved that a low level of profitability in the agricultural sector is a significant violation of price parity – there is a deterioration in the ratio of the prices of agriculture producers for sold products, and prices for acquired industrial goods, and for the services of commercial and technical purpose, i.e. there is a situation of non-conformity of revenues and costs of agricultural production. It should be noted that the level of the development of the agricultural complex, first of all, is determined by the quality and volume of food consumed by the population. Practical implications. During the country's independence, the profitability of production of all major products has decreased significantly and negative trends are observed. Comparing the data of 2019 with 1990, we can see that part of the profitable production has transferred to the unprofitable. The analysis of the dynamics of consumption of major food groups over the past two decades shows that for the period from 2000 to 2014 there was an increase in consumption of milk and dairy products by 12%; meat and meat products by 65%; eggs by 86.7%; potatoes by 4%, vegetables and melons by 60.5%; fruits, berries and grapes by 78.5%; fish and fish products by 32.1%; oils by 39.4%. During this period, there was a decrease in the positions of bread and bread products by 13% and sugar by 1.4%. Value/originality. The low intensity of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is largely due to the neglect of the requirements of agricultural machinery and production technology. It is important to apply the required amount of mineral fertilizers, which is one of the important technological requirements for growing crops. Therefore, the effective development of this industry requires a modern, effective and scientifically sound financing program by attracting investment and soft loans.
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Sitanaya, Meliske. "ANALISIS TINGKAT PROFITABILITAS BANK DENGAN METODE RISK BASED BANK RATING." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v22i2.1648.
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This research aims to analyze whether the, Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Interest Margin (NIM),) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have significantinfluencesimultaneously and partially toward Return On Asset (ROA). This research classifiedthe verifiation research. The population is conventional commercial bank period 2006-2015. Sample was determined by the higher bank asset, a total of ten companies. The secondary data were taken such as from financialreport of Banks started from 2006 until 2015. The technique of data analysis in this research using panel regression analysis. ROA as a dependent variable, NPL, LDR, NIM and CAR as independent variables. Data processing using E-views 6. The result provides evidence that NPL and CAR have significantinfluencesimultaneously toward ROA, while NIM and LDR are not significantinfluencesimultaneously toward ROA. NPL partially have negative significantinfluencetoward ROA, LDR and NIM partially positive are not significantinfluencetoward ROA, and CAR partially have positive significant influence towd ROA.
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W.A., Henry, and Justice E. "Risk Management Practices and Shareholders’ Return Using Evidence from Quoted Commercial Bank in Nigeria." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 4, no. 3 (December 4, 2021): 116–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-wphsgwbx.
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This study examined the effect of risk management practices on shareholders’ return of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. Cross sectional data were sourced from financial statements of commercial banks and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin from various years. Shareholders return was proxied by return on equity and return on assets while risk management practices were modeled by bank risk diversification, Basel risk compliance, credit monitoring and credit appraisal. Panel data methodology was employed while the fixed effects model was used as an estimation technique at 5% level of significance. Fixed effects, random effects and pooled estimates were tested while the Hausman test was used to determine the best fit of the regression model. Panel unit root and panel co-integration analysis were conducted on the study. The study found that 60 per cent variations in return on equity of the quoted commercial banks can be traced to variations in risk management practices as formulated in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the risk management practices proved that risk diversification, Basel compliance, credit monitoring and credit appraisal methods as formulated in the regression model have positive effect on return on equity of the commercial banks. In the model II, 47.6 percent variations in return on assets of the quoted commercial banks can be traced to variations in risk management practices as formulated in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the risk management practices proved that risk diversification, Basel compliance, credit monitoring and credit appraisal methods as formulated in the regression model have positive effect on return on equity of the commercial banks. The study concludes that risk management practices have a positive effect on shareholders’ return. The study recommends that commercial banks managements should ensure that all the board members and executive managements amongst other stakeholders are trained to appreciate the functions and responsibilities of credit risk management. The study recommends also that banks should ensure that their credit exposures are adequately secured through proper scrutiny of loan processing in order to identify viable projects so as to reduce loan defaults by bank customers.
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Pan, Luyu. "Integrated development of inclusive finance and green finance promotes rural revitalization." Advances in Economics and Management Research 1, no. 2 (September 21, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.1.2.193.
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In 2016, China put forward the topic of green finance and inclusive finance at the G20 Summit in Hangzhou. Since then, more and more scholars in China have paid attention to the possibility and influence of the integrated development of green finance and inclusive finance. In recent years, China has gradually established a domestic green financial market system through a series of measures such as issuing green financial standards, disclosure requirements and encouraging green financial product innovation. According to data from the National Statistical Bulletin, by the end of 2021, the loan balance of major rural financial institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperative banks, rural commercial banks) was 2.42496 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.6607 billion yuan compared with the beginning of the year. From the perspective of Liaoning Province, at the end of 2020, the balance of loans in domestic and foreign currencies of banking financial institutions in Liaoning was 520.94 billion yuan, an increase of 262.68-billion-yuan year-on-year, an increase of 5.3% year-on-year. The growth rate slowed down, with a decrease of 4.9 percentage points compared with the previous year. Firstly, we select a series of indicators and use entropy method to calculate the weight of each indicator. According to the analysis and processing of historical data, the quantization results of core explained variables, core explained variables and control variables are obtained. Descriptive statistics are made according to China Rural Statistical Yearbook and Peking University Digital China GSP Financial Index (2011-2020). Then, four spatial econometric models, namely spatial Dubbin model, spatial autoregression model, spatial correlation model and spatial error model, were applied to analyze the development relationship between digital inclusive finance and rural revitalization. Based on the evaluation system of rural revitalization, the development level of rural revitalization was obtained by combining the relevant data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021. Finally, the application of LR inspection, LM test to verify the reliability of the regression results, and considering the effect of partial differential decomposition method is used to the calculation results are decomposed, the weights in different space under the condition of digital Pratt & Whitney directly influence to the time of rural financial revitalization policy and policy space spillover effects, further analysis Pratt &Whitney financial relationship with the revitalization of the development of the rural.
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Pan, Luyu. "Integrated development of inclusive finance and green finance promotes rural revitalization." Advances in Economics and Management Research 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.2.1.193.
Full textAbstract:
In 2016, China put forward the topic of green finance and inclusive finance at the G20 Summit in Hangzhou. Since then, more and more scholars in China have paid attention to the possibility and influence of the integrated development of green finance and inclusive finance. In recent years, China has gradually established a domestic green financial market system through a series of measures such as issuing green financial standards, disclosure requirements and encouraging green financial product innovation. According to data from the National Statistical Bulletin, by the end of 2021, the loan balance of major rural financial institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperative banks, rural commercial banks) was 2.42496 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.6607 billion yuan compared with the beginning of the year. From the perspective of Liaoning Province, at the end of 2020, the balance of loans in domestic and foreign currencies of banking financial institutions in Liaoning was 520.94 billion yuan, an increase of 262.68-billion-yuan year-on-year, an increase of 5.3% year-on-year. The growth rate slowed down, with a decrease of 4.9 percentage points compared with the previous year. Firstly, we select a series of indicators and use entropy method to calculate the weight of each indicator. According to the analysis and processing of historical data, the quantization results of core explained variables, core explained variables and control variables are obtained. Descriptive statistics are made according to China Rural Statistical Yearbook and Peking University Digital China GSP Financial Index (2011-2020). Then, four spatial econometric models, namely spatial Dubbin model, spatial autoregression model, spatial correlation model and spatial error model, were applied to analyze the development relationship between digital inclusive finance and rural revitalization. Based on the evaluation system of rural revitalization, the development level of rural revitalization was obtained by combining the relevant data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021. Finally, the application of LR inspection, LM test to verify the reliability of the regression results, and considering the effect of partial differential decomposition method is used to the calculation results are decomposed, the weights in different space under the condition of digital Pratt & Whitney directly influence to the time of rural financial revitalization policy and policy space spillover effects, further analysis Pratt &Whitney financial relationship with the revitalization of the development of the rural.
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Balsi, Marco, Monica Moroni, Valter Chiarabini, and Giovanni Tanda. "High-Resolution Aerial Detection of Marine Plastic Litter by Hyperspectral Sensing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081557.
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An automatic custom-made procedure is developed to identify macroplastic debris loads in coastal and marine environment, through hyperspectral imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Results obtained during a remote-sensing field campaign carried out in the seashore of Sassari (Sardinia, Italy) are presented. A push-broom-sensor-based spectral device, carried onboard a DJI Matrice 600 drone, was employed for the acquisition of spectral data in the range 900−1700 nm. The hyperspectral platform was realized by assembling commercial devices, whereas algorithms for mosaicking, post-flight georeferencing, and orthorectification of the acquired images were developed in-house. Generation of the hyperspectral cube was based on mosaicking visible-spectrum images acquired synchronously with the hyperspectral lines, by performing correlation-based registration and applying the same translations, rotations, and scale changes to the hyperspectral data. Plastics detection was based on statistically relevant feature selection and Linear Discriminant Analysis, trained on a manually labeled sample. The results obtained from the inspection of either the beach site or the sea water facing the beach clearly show the successful separate identification of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) objects through the post-processing data treatment based on the developed classifier algorithm. As a further implementation of the procedure described, direct real-time processing, by an embedded computer carried onboard the drone, permitted the immediate plastics identification (and visual inspection in synchronized images) during the UAV survey, as documented by short video sequences provided in this research paper.
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Reesman, Cole, Morgan Denzer, Gary Sullivan, Mary-Grace Danao, Morgan Pfeiffer, Gretchen G. Mafi, and Ranjith Ramanathan. "229 Effects of High-Pressure Processing on Cooked Color and Sensory Attributes of Dark-Cutting Beef." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.199.
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Abstract Consumers often use meat color to determine doneness. A greater than normal pH of dark-cutting (DC) beef leads to less myoglobin denaturation, resulting in a persistent pink color that negatively impacts the perception of consumers of the cooked beef degree of doneness. High-Pressure Processing (HPP) is a non-thermal pasteurization technology to extend shelf-life. High pressure leads to denaturation of proteins and structural changes. There has been limited research and application utilizing HPP on fresh meat due to the pale color caused by HPP. The objective of the study was to evaluate different HPP levels on cooked steak color and sensory attributes of dark-cutting beef. Eight USDA Choice (mean pH = 5.5) and twelve DC (mean pH = 6.3) strip loins were obtained from a commercial packing plant within 1 d of harvest. Loins were cut into equal sections, vacuum packaged, and assigned HPP levels of 0 (no HPP), 300, 450, and 600 MPa with a holding time of 90 s. Following 48 hours of dark storage, loin sections were cut into 1.9 cm thick steaks, vacuum packaged, and randomly assigned to external cooked color, Warner-Braztler shear force (WBSF), and trained sensory panel. Steaks were cooked and then tempered to 71ºC. A trained sensory panel (n = 6) evaluated initial juiciness, sustained juiciness, tenderness, beef flavor intensity, and overall acceptability. The data were analyzed using the Glimmix Procedure of SAS. HPP treatment did not (P > 0.05) affect initial juiciness, sustained juiciness, beef flavor intensity, or overall acceptability. However, 600 MPa made DC steaks tougher and lighter in appearance (P < 0.05) than all other treatments. HPP treatments did not affect the a* and chroma of the external cooked color. In conclusion, low (300 MPa) and moderate (450 MPa) pressure levels did not have a negative impact on cooked steaks.
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Briliantoro, Savanero, and Saryadi . "PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR), NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL), BEBAN OPERASI PENDAPATAN OPERASI (BOPO) DAN LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO (LDR) TERHADAP NET INTEREST MARGIN (NIM) (Studi pada Bank Umum Swasta Nasional Devisa dengan Manajemen Konvensional yang T." Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis 10, no. 3 (July 18, 2022): 1247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2021.32054.
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Abstract: Banking is an institution that brings together those who need funds and those who have funds. One of the bank's assessments is the level of efficiency with financial ratios that can be seen in the financial statements. The level of efficiency is described by the NIM ratio. Based on data obtained from 18 Conventional Foreign Exchange National Private Commercial Banks, only 4 banks have NIMs in the healthy category (>6%), while other banks have NIMs in the unhealthy category (<6%). To maintain NIM in a healthy condition, it is necessary to know what factors influence it. This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan, Operating Income Operating Expenses, and Loan to Deposit Ratio on Net Interest Margin (NIM). The population of this research is all National Private Foreign Exchange Commercial Banks with conventional management listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The data was taken through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Financial Services Authority and analyzed using the Classic Assumption Test, Correlation Coefficient Test, Coefficient of Determination Test, Simple Linear Regression Test, Multiple Linear Test, T Test, and F Test with the SPSS data processing application. The results showed that CAR had a significant positive effect on NIM, NPL had no effect on NIM, BOPO had a significant negative effect on NIM. BOPO is the ratio that most dominantly affects NIM, second is the CAR ratio, and the last is NPL, while LDR has no influence on NIM. From the results of this study, it is concluded that the better the CAR, NPL, BOPO, and LDR will increase the NIM at Conventional Foreign Exchange National Private Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019 and BOPO is the most dominant ratio affecting NIM. The advice for banks is to always keep the bank's financial ratios in a healthy condition so that they can increase their net interest profits. Banks are also expected to be able to maintain the BOPO ratio in a healthy condition because BOPO has the most dominant influence on NIMKeywords: Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loan, Operating Expenses Operating Income, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Net Interest Margin
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Yu, Zhang, Guan Yongsheng, Yu Gang, and Lu Haixia. "Recognizing and Predicting the Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Banks." International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2016): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsip.2016.9.11.19.
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PFLUG, IRVING J. "Science, Practice, and Human Errors in Controlling Clostridium botulinum in Heat-Preserved Food in Hermetic Containers." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 993–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.5.993.
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The incidence of botulism in canned food in the last century is reviewed along with the background science; a few conclusions are reached based on analysis of published data. There are two primary aspects to botulism control: the design of an adequate process and the delivery of the adequate process to containers of food. The probability that the designed process will not be adequate to control Clostridium botulinum is very small, probably less than 1.0 × 10−6, based on containers of food, whereas the failure of the operator of the processing equipment to deliver the specified process to containers of food may be of the order of 1 in 40, to 1 in 100, based on processing units (retort loads). In the commercial food canning industry, failure to deliver the process will probably be of the order of 1.0 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−6 when U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations are followed. Botulism incidents have occurred in food canning plants that have not followed the FDA regulations. It is possible but very rare to have botulism result from postprocessing contamination. It may thus be concluded that botulism incidents in canned food are primarily the result of human failure in the delivery of the designed or specified process to containers of food that, in turn, result in the survival, outgrowth, and toxin production of C. botulinum spores. Therefore, efforts in C. botulinum control should be concentrated on reducing human errors in the delivery of the specified process to containers of food.
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Błaszczuk, Artur, Wojciech Nowak, and Szymon Jagodzik. "Bed-To-Wall Heat Transfer in a Supercritical Circulating Fluidised Bed Boiler." Chemical and Process Engineering 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2014-0015.
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Abstract The purpose of this work is to find a correlation for heat transfer to walls in a 1296 t/h supercritical circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. The effect of bed-to-wall heat transfer coefficient in a long active heat transfer surface was discussed, excluding the radiation component. Experiments for four different unit loads (i.e. 100% MCR, 80% MCR, 60% MCR and 40% MCR) were conducted at a constant excess air ratio and high level of bed pressure (ca. 6 kPa) in each test run. The empirical correlation of the heat transfer coefficient in a large-scale CFB boiler was mainly determined by two key operating parameters, suspension density and bed temperature. Furthermore, data processing was used in order to develop empirical correlation ranges between 3.05 to 5.35 m·s-1 for gas superficial velocity, 0.25 to 0.51 for the ratio of the secondary to the primary air, 1028 to 1137K for bed temperature inside the furnace chamber of a commercial CFB boiler, and 1.20 to 553 kg·m-3 for suspension density. The suspension density was specified on the base of pressure measurements inside the boiler’s combustion chamber using pressure sensors. Pressure measurements were collected at the measuring ports situated on the front wall of the combustion chamber. The obtained correlation of the heat transfer coefficient is in agreement with the data obtained from typical industrial CFB boilers.
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IHTESHAM KHAN, ROOHUL AMIN, SHAH RAZA KHAN, and MUHAMMAD ILYAS. "The Relationship between Lending Rate and Nonperforming Loans in Commercial Banks: Evidence from Pakistan (2008-2014)." Journal of Business & Tourism 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jbt.v1i2.19.
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The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between lending rate and nonperforming loans in commercial banks of Pakistan. The study collects data on bank size and nonperforming loans from the annual reports of commercial banks and lending rates data was collected from the state bank of Pakistan statistical bulletins for the period of 2008-2014 and the data was analyzed through SPSS to examine the relationship between lending rate and nonperforming loans. The study used correlation and regression methods. The study found a significant positive relationship between lending rate and nonperforming loans in commercial banks of Pakistan
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Lowe, Blane, Tianyu Zheng, Christopher Reinhardt, and Mark E. Branine. "PSII-1 An Evaluation of a Nutrient Drench Administered to Calves at Arrival into the Feedlot on Subsequent Health Status and Assessment of Immune Status with a Rapid Immunity Test." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_4 (October 22, 2022): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac313.035.
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Abstract A functionally effective immune system is required to maintain health and resist disease challenges for cattle received into the feedlot. Transport is a primary stressor that can decrease trace mineral status and impair immune function. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate a trace mineral drench providing key supplemental trace minerals (Cu, Mn, Se and Zn) administered to cattle at arrival into the feedlot on subsequent health and morbidity and 2) application of a novel technology for assessing immune status in stressed calves at risk for respiratory disease (BRD). From October through December 2021, 20 loads of Angus x Holstein heifers (n=1,988; 218± 2.7 kg) were transported from a calf rearing facility in northwest OH to a commercial feedlot in southwest NE. At initial processing, calves were individually identified and weighed and were administered a common processing protocol. Based on individual ear tag number heifers were either provided no drench (even-numbered tags; CONTROL) or 45 mL of a supplemental nutrient drench (odd-numbered tags; Profusion™, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN). Across 10 loads blood samples were collected from approximately 300 animals for subsequent measurement of humoral immunity status (D2Dx™; Nano Discovery Inc., Orlando, FL). Subsequent morbidity was monitored throughout the weeks following arrival. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed and Proc Glimmix with fixed effects of treatment and load with heifer as experimental unit. Morbidity status of each heifer was classified based on whether the animal was subsequently pulled and treated for a diagnosed disease. Initial BW did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.67); however, BW varied among loads (P ≤ 0.01) and was lower (P ≤ 0.01) in calves subsequently pulled and treated for BRD. Reported mortality from all causes was minimal and not analyzed. Respiratory disease was the primary cause of disease; however, incidence was not affected (P ≥ 0.55) by treatment (21.1% vs. 23.5% for CONTROL and PROFUSION, respectively). Time from arrival to first recorded treatment varied among loads (range: 4 – 35 d) with a mean and median value of 26 and 21 d respectively with no treatment effects. Measured D2Dx scores at initial processing did not differ (P ≥ 0.43) between heifers assigned to CONTROL or PROFUSION treatments; however, scores were different among loads (P ≤ 0.01). In heifers subsequently treated for BRD, initial D2Dx scores were approximately 23% lower (P ≤ 0.07; D2Dx score =0.0138) compared to non-BRD treated animals (D2Dx score = 0.0180). These results suggest that administration of PROFUSION at arrival may not have been optimum based on subsequent observed morbidity patterns and calves with lower D2Dx score at arrival may have a lower humoral immunity especially a lower Th-1 immunity and thereby be more susceptible for clinical BRD.
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Cavalaglio Camargo Molano, Jacopo, Riccardo Rubini, and Marco Cocconcelli. "Experimental Evidence of the Speed Variation Effect on SVM Accuracy for Diagnostics of Ball Bearings." Machines 6, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines6040048.
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In recent years, we have witnessed a considerable increase in scientific papers concerning the condition monitoring of mechanical components by means of machine learning. These techniques are oriented towards the diagnostics of mechanical components. In the same years, the interest of the scientific community in machine diagnostics has moved to the condition monitoring of machinery in non-stationary conditions (i.e., machines working with variable speed profiles or variable loads). Non-stationarity implies more complex signal processing techniques, and a natural consequence is the use of machine learning techniques for data analysis in non-stationary applications. Several papers have studied the machine learning system, but they focus on specific machine learning systems and the selection of the best input array. No paper has considered the dynamics of the system, that is, the influence of how much the speed profile changes during the training and testing steps of a machine learning technique. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of considering the dynamic conditions, taking the condition monitoring of ball bearings in variable speed applications as an example. A commercial support vector machine tool is used, tuning it in constant speed applications and testing it in variable speed conditions. The results show critical issues of machine learning techniques in non-stationary conditions.
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Mehmood, Bilal, Zahid Irshad Younas, and Nisar Ahmed. "Macroeconomic and Bank Specific Covariates of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Pakistani Commercial Banks: Panel Data Evidence." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v1i3.9128.
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Non-performing loans has become an important part of commercial banking of a country. This paper empirically tests the macroeconomic and bank-specific covariates of non-performing loans for a panel of 13 commercial banks for period of 2003-2012. Using fixed effects with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors, the influence of macroeconomic and bank-specific covariates is found meaningful. Recommendations include the policy steps to complement the sound financial system with a healthy macroeconomic environment to reduce non-performing loans in commercial banks in Pakistan. Moreover, need is highlighted for a policy approach with emphasis on the apposite credit culture and lending policy designed with pertinent economic and financial factors.
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Nadham, Viswa, and B. Nahid. "Determinants of Non Performing Loans in Commercial Banks." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 4, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v4i1.206.
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The study attempts to ascertain the determinants of nonperforming loans in National Bank of Commerce. Data was collected from 152 respondents. Tables, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze data. Data collection methods adopted for the study were interview, questionnaire and documentary evidence. Interest rate, GDP, concentration of lending activities, bank’s loan supervision capacity and economic condition were investigated, and the results suggest that interest rate, GDP, bank’s loan supervision capacity and economic condition influence the level of NPLs. However, the results did not suggest that concentration of lending activities increase the level of NPLs. The study suggests that banks should put in place a vibrant credit process that ensures proper customer selection and risk identification, robust credit analysis, proactive monitoring and clear recovery strategies for bad loans, formulate clear policy framework that addresses issues of ethical standards and check and balance credit process, organizational capacity enhancement of banks, deliberate effort to develop credit culture for managing loans ,and ensure prudent policies that govern bank loans. Since the results for this study were encouraging, the researcher encourages replicating the study for other lending institutions. In order to extend the literature on non-performing loans, the researcher suggested incorporating models of Golem effect, Social loafing, Inverted pyramid effect, Pollyanna effect and High default culture effect. Also, basing on the merits of the study, the researcher suggests determining relationship between non-performing loans and loan size, collateral, credit culture, and credit management information system.
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Bi Rahmani, Nur Ahmadi. "ANALISIS PENGARUH NON PERFORMING LOAN, LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO, BIAYA OPERASIONAL TERHADAP PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH." Dinamika Akuntansi Keuangan dan Perbankan 11, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35315/dakp.v11i1.8950.
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This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of non-performing loans (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR), operational costs on operating income (BOPO) on financial performance at Islamic commercial banks for the period 2015 to 2020. The approach uses a quantitative approach with . The type of data used in this study is quantitative data sourced from secondary data. The data collection technique in this study used a documentation study. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression with the results of this study showing that the NPL of non-performing loans has an effect on the Financial Performance (ROA) of Islamic Commercial Banks in 2016 and 2020. The ratio of loans to deposits (LDR) has no effect on Financial Performance (ROA) in Islamic Commercial Banks in 2016 and 2020. Operational costs on operating income (BOPO) affect the Financial Performance (ROA) of Islamic Commercial Banks in 2016 and 2020. Simultaneously the influence of non-performing loans (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR) ), operational costs on operating income (BOPO) affect the Financial Performance (ROA) of Islamic Commercial Banks in 2016 and 2020
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Khan, Muhammad Asif, Asima Siddique, Zahid Sarwar, Le Thi Minh Huong, and Qaiser Nadeem. "Determinants of entrepreneurial small and medium enterprises performance with the interaction effect of commercial loans." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 14, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-11-2019-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction effect of commercial loans in between trade Credit, retain earning, and entrepreneurial small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the cross-sectional research design was used, and data were collected from 362 SMEs located in Pakistan by using a questionnaire. Correlation and regression analysis was adopted to establish the interaction effect of commercial loans in between trade credits, retain earning and entrepreneurial SMEs performance. Findings The results demonstrated that commercial loans, trade credit and retain earning have a positive relationship with entrepreneurial SMEs performance. The findings also confirmed the interaction effect of commercial loans in between retain earnings, trade credit and entrepreneurial SMEs performance. Originality/value The study examined the association and interaction effect of commercial loans in between retain earnings, trade credit and SMEs performance in the emerging state (Pakistan). So, this is the first time to study the relationship between these variables, which highly contributes to entrepreneurial SMEs literature.
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Knezacek, T. D., A. A. Olkowski, P. J. Kettlewell, M. A. Mitchell, and H. L. Classen. "Temperature gradients in trailers and changes in broiler rectal and core body temperature during winter transportation in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 90, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas09083.
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Temperature conditions inside commercial trailers transporting market-age broilers during four winter journeys were measured, and changes in the rectal and core body temperature of birds were quantified. Pre-selected modules were equipped with data loggers recording temperature every 72 s. Rectal temperatures were taken from eight birds in each of four modules immediately before and after each trip, and two or three birds, with temperature recording implants, were placed in each of two selected modules. Temperature heterogeneity was found among modules on all loads with average crate temperatures ranging from 10.9 to 30.7, 8.9 to 28.1, 2.5 to 26.1 and -0.7 to 16.5°C for transportation times of 191, 193, 178 and 18 min and ambient temperatures of -7.1, -27.1, -28.2 and -18.4°C, respectively. Wet birds, condensation and frost provided evidence for moisture accumulation during transportation. Body temperature recordings indicated the potential for the development of both hypothermia and hyperthermia, showing that cold stress can occur near air inlets and heat stress in poorly ventilated areas. Passive ventilation inside trailers resulted in crate temperatures 17.7 to 55.2°C above outside temperature. Mortality ranged from 0.7 to 1.4% but several deaths occurred during lairage, prior to processing. A heterogeneous distribution of airflow resulted in undesirable temperate and humidity conditions for some birds. Key words: Broiler, transportation, temperature gradient, mortality, cold weather
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Glancy, David, Robert J. Kurtzman, and Lara Loewenstein. "Loan Modifications and the Commercial Real Estate Market." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2022-050 (August 2022): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.050.
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Banks modify more CRE loans than CMBS, contributing to better loan performance when property incomes decline. However, banks have higher delinquency rates for less-stressed loans, consistent with modification policies encouraging strategic default. Motivated by these facts, we develop a tradeoff theory model in which lenders vary in their modification technologies. Modification frictions discourage strategic renegotiation, enabling CMBS to offer higher LTV loans and attract borrowers seeking higher leverage. The model produces cross-lender differences in LTVs and spreads consistent with the data. Reducing modification frictions at CMBS decreases welfare by restricting debt capacity for the borrowers that value it most.
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Hernando, Luki. "PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KEUANGAN PADA UNIT KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM." Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Bisnis 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/jteksis.v2i1.84.
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Research by the author at Cooperative Center District aims to determine the presence of data processing system finance especially in terms of savings and loans, installment loans and data processing cooperative members that was running at Cooperative Center District. Therefore, by implementing a new system that can optimize data processing system of finance in the savings and loans unit and can improve employee performances and improve the quality of higher cooperative. The research was conducted by collecting data, direct observation, and laboratory research in designing computer programs and the preparation of reports. The importance of the conclusion, with this new system will be able to assist the employee in performing data processing of finance in the savings and loans unit Cooperative Center and can provide information and reports quickly and as required.
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Muhanji, Geoffrey Indeje, and Joseph Theuri. "Bank Regulation and Level of Non performing Loans in Commercial Banks in Nakuru County Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 2, no. 2 (October 20, 2020): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v2i2.132.
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The study sought to determine the effect of bank regulation and level of nonperforming loans in commercial banks in Nakuru County Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to explore the effect of capital adequacy on the level of nonperforming loans in commercial banks in Nakuru County Kenya, to find out the effect of asset quality on the level of nonperforming loans in commercial banks in Nakuru County Kenya, to evaluate the effect of liquidity management on the level of nonperforming loans in commercial banks in Nakuru County Kenya, to examine the effect of management efficiency on the level of nonperforming loans in commercial banks in Nakuru County Kenya and to determine the moderating effect of macroeconomic factors on the relationship between bank regulation and level of nonperforming loans. The literature review focused on portfolio theory of investment, capital asset pricing theory and the capital buffer theory of capital adequacy. The primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and secondary data was collected from the banking survey 2017 and central bank of Kenya annual supervisory reports. The study employed multiple linear regression analysis and the finding revealed that there exist a negative and statistically insignificant relationship between capital adequacy and non-performing loans. It was also observed that there exist a negative and statistically insignificant relationship between liquidity management and non-performing loans. On the other hand, there exist a positive and statistically significant relationship between asset quality and non-performing loans. Similarly, there exist a positive and statistically insignificant relationship between management efficiency and non-performing loans. Finally, the findings indicated that macroeconomic factors have moderating effect on the relationship between bank regulations and non-performing loans in commercial banks in Nakuru County. It was concluded that asset quality positively influences non-performing loans while management efficiency influence positively the non-performing loans. Similarly, liquidity management exerts a negative influence on non-performing loans. Finally, capital adequacy influence negatively on non-performing loans. The study recommends that Central Bank of Kenya should regularly access lending behavior to ensure compliance with banking regulations to avoid increasing incidences of non-performing loans. In addition, Central Bank of Kenya should closely monitor banks with deteriorating asset quality. Further, Central Bank of Kenya should strictly monitor the economic sector and ensure that banks provide adequate provisions for loans to mitigate risks of default. Furthermore, banks should maintain a good balance on deposits and lending out loans and adhere to regulators decisions about monetary policies. Finally, banks should increase the operational efficiency of operation weakness and improve corporate governance on the sanction of loans and Central Bank of Kenya should focus on managerial performance in order to detect banks with potential increases in non-performing loans.
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Susila, Muktar Redy. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF RUPIAH LOANS PROVIDED BY COMMERCIAL BANKS AND RURAL BANKS." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol16iss3pp1003-1012.
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According to SEKI data in 2020, DKI Jakarta is the province that has the highest average monthly value of rupiah loans provided by commercial banks and rural banks. Many factors can affect the size of the value. The amount of rupiah loans provided by commercial banks and rural banks in the previous months can affect the current value. The geographical conditions of an area can have an impact on the surrounding area. Likewise, the number of rupiah loans in DKI Jakarta Province is suspected of having mutual influence with surrounding provinces. The provinces that are directly adjacent to DKI Jakarta are Banten Province and West Java Province. The purpose of this study is to conduct spatio-temporal analysis of the amount of loans provided by commercial banks and rural banks. The data used is the monthly amount of rupiah loans provided by commercial banks and rural banks in DKI Jakarta, West Java, and Banten Provinces in a time period between January 2012 to July 2021. The GSTAR method has been used to analyze the spatio-temporal relationship. The GSTAR model formed is GSTAR(3,6,12) with differencing order of 1. Based on the model formed, it was concluded that the amount of loans provided by commercial banks and rural banks in the three provinces is related to each other spatially and temporally. The RMSE value for each of the models formed is 1.871 for Banten Province, 13.701 for DKI Jakarta, and 2.919 for West Java Province.
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Pham, Nam Hai, and Nguyen Ngoc Tan. "Applying Bayesian method to investigate determinants of non performing loans of banks in Vietnam." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 5, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v5i1.704.
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This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting non-performing loans of commercial banks in Vietnam for the period 2007 - 2018. The study applies the Bayesian approach and the Random-walk Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to evaluate the impact of micro and macro factors on non-performing loans of commercial banks. The dependent variable is non-performing loans, which is measured by the ratio of non-performing loans divided by total outstanding loans; the independent variables in terms of bank characteristics are non-performing loans of the previous year, profitability, bank size, bak loans, and bank capital; the macro variables are inflation and GDP growth. Research data was collected from financial statements of 30 Vietnamese commercial banks and the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2007 to 2018. To increase the reliability and efficiency of the model as well as reasonable Bayes inference, a convergence test of the MCMC chain was performed. The result of this study shows that non-performing loans of the previous year, bank size, bank loan, bank capital, and inflation have positive impacts on bank non-performing loans. In addition, bank profitability and GDP growth rate are factors that have the opposite effects. Based on the research results, the author proposes policy implications for the decision-makers to help banks reduce non-performing loans and promote banks to operate effectively and more efficiently.
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Noreni Mohamad Zain, Eni, Puspa Liza Ghazali, and Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Daud. "DETERMINANTS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS: EVIDENCE FROM CONVENTIONAL BANKS IN MALAYSIA." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 2 (April 4, 2020): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8248.
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Purpose of the study: This paper attempts to determine the determinants of non-performing loans in commercial banks in Malaysia. This study attempts to explore the specific bank factors as well as macroeconomics factors that are contributing to the non-performing loans.
Methodology: This paper analyzes the data using eight local commercial banks in Malaysia. The data collected from the annual report and Data Streams database for the year 2009 to 2018. A panel data approach has been used to analyze the data. All the determinants regressed against non-performing loans by using STATA 14 as a tool.
Main Findings: The results of this study present that capitalization had a significant negative relationship with non-performing loans, while the real effective exchange rate had a significant positive correlation with non-performing loans.
Applications of this study: This study highlights the crucial factors of the non-performing loans that can be used by the bank or financial institutions.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study includes one new variable for the macroeconomics factors, which is the real effective exchange rate, and the result shows it is significant towards non-performing loans. Therefore, this study enhances the existing model with the new variable that can be used to find what is affecting the non-performing loans.
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Martinez-Roman, Javier, Ruben Puche-Panadero, Angel Sapena-Bano, Carla Terron-Santiago, Jordi Burriel-Valencia, and Manuel Pineda-Sanchez. "Analytical Model of Induction Machines with Multiple Cage Faults Using the Winding Tensor Approach." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 5076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155076.
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Induction machines (IMs) are one of the main sources of mechanical power in many industrial processes, especially squirrel cage IMs (SCIMs), due to their robustness and reliability. Their sudden stoppage due to undetected faults may cause costly production breakdowns. One of the most frequent types of faults are cage faults (bar and end ring segment breakages), especially in motors that directly drive high-inertia loads (such as fans), in motors with frequent starts and stops, and in case of poorly manufactured cage windings. A continuous monitoring of IMs is needed to reduce this risk, integrated in plant-wide condition based maintenance (CBM) systems. Diverse diagnostic techniques have been proposed in the technical literature, either data-based, detecting fault-characteristic perturbations in the data collected from the IM, and model-based, observing the differences between the data collected from the actual IM and from its digital twin model. In both cases, fast and accurate IM models are needed to develop and optimize the fault diagnosis techniques. On the one hand, the finite elements approach can provide highly accurate models, but its computational cost and processing requirements are very high to be used in on-line fault diagnostic systems. On the other hand, analytical models can be much faster, but they can be very complex in case of highly asymmetrical machines, such as IMs with multiple cage faults. In this work, a new method is proposed for the analytical modelling of IMs with asymmetrical cage windings using a tensor based approach, which greatly reduces this complexity by applying routine tensor algebra to obtain the parameters of the faulty IM model from the healthy one. This winding tensor approach is explained theoretically and validated with the diagnosis of a commercial IM with multiple cage faults.
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Kartika, Andi, Kis Indriyaningrum, Ida Nurhayati, and Bambang Sudiyatno. "Determinants of Capital Buffer: Study on Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.2.1379.
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This study aims to examine the factors that determine the capital buffer in conventional commercial banks operating in Indonesia. This study uses non-performing loans, bank size, return on equity, loans to total assets as independent variables, and capital buffer as the dependent variable. The population in this study was 38 conventional commercial banks that are still actively operating in Indonesia. The sampling method used the purposive sampling method according to the needs of the analysis and obtained 90 samples of observation data. The results showed that non-performing loans and loans to total assets had a negative effect on a capital buffer, while bank size had a positive effect. However, the return on equity has no effect on the capital buffer.
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Chen, Feng-Wen, Yuan Feng, and Wei Wang. "Impacts of Financial Inclusion on Non-Performing Loans of Commercial Banks: Evidence from China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093084.
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Non-performing loans of commercial banks have long hampered the development of the banking sector, and directly reflect the credit risk and asset quality. With the continuous development of the financial industry, the introduction of financial inclusion has greatly eased the shortage of funds, and narrowed the gap between poor and rich. However, whether the promotion of financial inclusion in the financial industry could affect the non-performing loans of commercial banks has not been verified. Therefore, this paper discusses the possible associations between financial inclusion and non-performing loans of commercial banks on the regional level, constructs a panel data model by selecting the data of 31 provinces (including 4 municipalities) in China from 2005 to 2016, and uses the fixed effect model for empirical test. The empirical results (from an overall national sample) reveal a negative impact of the financial inclusion on non-performing loans. Moreover, the development of the banking sector and the regional consumption could enhance the impact of financial inclusion, while government intervention and unemployment could reduce the impact of financial inclusion. From the analysis of the regional sample, when the development of financial inclusion reaches a high level, the lagged financial inclusion promote the non-performing loans of commercial banks; however, when the financial inclusion is underdeveloped, the development of commercial banks act as a disincentive to non-performing loans. Therefore, the local governments should pay more attention to the influences of financial inclusion on the financial industry, in order to maintain the stability of banking asset quality. In addition, the negative impact of financial inclusion on non-performing loans of commercial banks is significant in China central region, while its impacts in China eastern and western regions are not significant. This indicates that the development of the financial industry and economy can hamper the effects of financial inclusion. It is necessary to adjust the financial resource allocation according to the characteristics of different regions in China, so that the financial inclusion can effectively promote the regional financial industry upgrade, improve regional capital flow efficiency, and fundamentally reduce the non-performing loans of commercial banks. According to the sample analysis by time, there is a significant negative impact relationship between inclusive finance and commercial banks’ non-performing loans after the financial crisis, while the impacts before and during the financial crisis are not significant. This demonstrates that the impact of the global financial crisis on China’s regional economy has further enhanced the inefficiency of the inclusive financial system on credit risk, which in turn, helps commercial banks better maintain asset quality stability.
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Ismawati, Dika, and Edy Supriyono. "ANALISIS PERBEDAAN RASIO KEUANGAN BANK UMUM KONVESIONAL DAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PENYALURAN KREDIT ATAU PEMBIAYAAN (Studi empiris yang tedrdaftar di BEI periode 2013-2016)." Magisma: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2017): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35829/magisma.v5i1.9.
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This study aims to obtain evidence of differences in financial ratios of conventional commercial banks and sharia commercial banks, as well as the influence of financial ratios, liquidity, capital adequacy, problem loans, profitability, operating efficiency of lending. This study uses secondary data. The sample in this research is conventional commercial bank and sharia public bank listed on BEI with 4 year observation period (2013-2016). This sample was chosen by purposive sampling method. Independent sample t-test is used to test whether there is difference of average of two interconnected samples, multiple linear regression is used as data analysis technique as many as 148 general data of banking company, conventional bank and syariah commercial bank as many as 44 company data period 2013-2016 . The results of this study indicate that there are differences in average liquidity, problem loans, profitability, operating efficiency, While the average capital adequacy there is no significant difference between conventional commercial banks and sharia banks. While liquidity and profitability have a positive effect on lending, non performing loans and operating efficiency have a negative effect on lending, and capital adequacy does not affect credit disbursement.
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Gabriel, Okoh, Inim Ekemini Victor, and Idachaba Odekina Innocent. "Effect of Non-Performing Loans on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria." American International Journal of Business and Management Studies 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijbms.v1i2.82.
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The study examined the effect of Non-Performing Loans on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria between the periods of 1985 to 2016. The study employed the multiple regression techniques to analyze data collated from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) publications for various years. The result of the study shows that Non-Performing Loans to Total Loans ratio (NPL/TLR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) had statistically negative significant effect on Return on Asset (ROA). These result shows that a high level of non-performing loans would reduce the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria. Consequently, the study recommends that the regulatory authorities in Nigeria should create and support an environment where commercial banks in Nigeria can have a strong risk management practices.
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KHAN, FAZLI RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD NISAR KHAN, and SAIMA UROOGE. "Non-Performing Loan and Financial Stability of Banking Industry in Pakistan." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-29.
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The objectives of this study to assess the state of financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan and then estimate how good, bad and worst economic conditions would influence the stability. Our design of the study is a mix of techniques. Pakistan have not experienced financial crisis due to some shocks, therefore stress events and its effects not included in design. This study examines the effect of non-performing loans on financial stability empirically. Based on the above premise, this thesis investigates the association of financial stability with non-performing loans for all commercial banks of Pakistan for the period of 2014-2018. The study used the 27 commercial banks having 162 bank year observations. The study measured of financial stability (FS) through the financial leverage ratio and liquidity ratio using the common effect model. For the non-performing loans this study uses the non-performing loan ratio. Using secondary data that is panel in nature and applying panel data models for analysis, the study finds out that non-performing loans negatively associated with financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan. Keywords: Loan, Finance, Banking, Stability, Pakistan.
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KHAN, FAZLI RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD NISAR KHAN, and SAIMA UROOGE. "Non-Performing Loan and Financial Stability of Banking Industry in Pakistan." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-29.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this study to assess the state of financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan and then estimate how good, bad and worst economic conditions would influence the stability. Our design of the study is a mix of techniques. Pakistan have not experienced financial crisis due to some shocks, therefore stress events and its effects not included in design. This study examines the effect of non-performing loans on financial stability empirically. Based on the above premise, this thesis investigates the association of financial stability with non-performing loans for all commercial banks of Pakistan for the period of 2014-2018. The study used the 27 commercial banks having 162 bank year observations. The study measured of financial stability (FS) through the financial leverage ratio and liquidity ratio using the common effect model. For the non-performing loans this study uses the non-performing loan ratio. Using secondary data that is panel in nature and applying panel data models for analysis, the study finds out that non-performing loans negatively associated with financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan. Keywords: Loan, Finance, Banking, Stability, Pakistan.
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Gwijangge, Ribka, Sri Ayem, and Anita Prismatiwi. "Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan dan Dewan Komisaris Terhadap Kinerja Bank Umum Konvensional Yang Menyalurkan Kredit Pada UMKM: Dengan Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Sebagai Mediasi." Jurnal Akuntansi Terapan dan Bisnis 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/asersi.v1i1.2713.
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This research aims to examine the effect of institutional ownership, public ownership, board of commissioners, CSR on the performance of Conventional Commercial Banks that disburse loans to MSMEs and examine the effect of institutional ownership, public ownership, board of commissioners on CSR disclosure of Conventional Commercial Banks that disburse loans to MSMEs. This research used is associative quantitative research, the sample used is conventional banks that distribute MSME loans listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), using purposive sampling technique. The data used is secondary data, the data source comes from the documentation of the financial statements of conventional banks that channel MSME loans and are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression method. The results of this research indicate that institutional ownership has no effect on bank performance. Public ownership, board of commissioners, CSR, have a positive effect on the performance of the Bank. Institutional ownership, public ownership, the board of commissioners have a positive effect on the Bank's CSR. Keywords: Institutional And Public Ownership, Board Of Commissioners, CSR, Performance Of Conventional Commercial Banks
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Oke, O. S., M. O. Nosiru, A. A. Ogunbela, J. T. Marizu, M. O. Lawah, K. A. Jatto, O. T. Bamigboye, T. Oyaniyi, G. J. Adebayo, and O. S. Agbeyomi. "Assessment of Extension Officers Contribution to Cocoa Production in Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 1123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i7.1.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the extension officer contribution to cocoa production in Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used, where two hundred and sixteen questionnaires were distributed in Osun and Ondo state , the information gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistic such as; frequency and percentage, while chi-square analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. From the results, married (77.6%), male (84.0%), secondary school holders (52.0%), between 40-49 (34.4%) years old farmers were seen as the highest cocoa producers. Extension training(64.0%), commercial agents(64.0%), fellowship(52.8%), self observation(76.0%) were the best source of information on extension service of cocoa farming , most respondents (65.0%); get extension training programme at regular basis, identified Constraints facing cocoa production in the study area includes deficient credit facilities, high cost of labour, bad road, poor marketing/storage facilities, lack of technical knowledge / assess to technical tools and so on. in view of afore mentioned result it is therefore recommended that the government should make loan available to the cocoa famers at very low interest rate and urge cocoa farmers to form cooperative society, strengthen their agricultural extension agents so that they will be able to rain cocoa farmers on the basic things they should know about primary processing such as fermentation and drying of cocoa beans in improving the quality in Nigeria to meet international market.
Keywords: Assessment, Extension officer, Contribution, Farmers, Cocoa production