Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commercial effect'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Commercial effect.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Commercial effect.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Matthews, John William. "The Effect of Proximity to Commercial Uses on Residential Prices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10496.
Full textAbstract:
As distance from a house to retail sites decreases the price of a house should increase, ceteris paribus, because of increased shopping convenience. On the other hand, as distance decreases price should also decrease because the house is exposed to increased spillover of disamenities noise, light, traffic, etc. from the retail use. The study uses Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal data and a parcel level Geographic Information system map from King County (Seattle) Washington. An hedonic process is used to estimate the price effects of both the expected positive and negative price effects. Travel distance is a proxy for convenience and Euclidian distance is a proxy for negative spillovers. Standard hedonic housing price variables are used for control along with distance to other classes of non-residential uses and indexes of neighborhood street layout and connectivity. In traditional gridiron neighborhood, both convenience and negative spillovers have the expected effect on housing price. The net effect is a price effect curve with a net decrease in price at very short distances between houses and retail sites. But, beyond a short distance to the extent of convenient walking distance (about mile) the net effect is positive. In a non-traditional edge city type neighborhood, there is no effect, either positive or negative. This is due to the much greater distances between residential uses and retail uses in this type neighborhood that result from zoning that segregates land uses and long travel distance resulting from curvilinear street layout.
2
Destefano, Leonard G. "Commercial mortgage market liquidity and its effect on capitalization rates." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1395.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Business Administration
Real Estate
3
Tsangarakis, Andreas. "A Critical and Comparative Analysis on the Effect of Business Rescue on Creditors’ Rights against Sureties." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29546.
Full textAbstract:
Business rescue proceedings have been introduced into South African company law under chapter 6 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. The United States Chapter 11 bankruptcy model was closely consulted by the legislature when drafting chapter 6. Further to this and although business rescue has been generally well received, there have been legal issues which have arisen in the interpretation of chapter 6. In particular, the issue of creditors' rights against third party sureties of financially distressed companies continues to fall under the spotlight which, in tum, has caused a ripple of commercial uncertainty to filter through to creditors. This issue will be investigated with comparative reference to the position in the United States. In doing so, a critical analysis will be undertaken of the procedures and processes in both of these jurisdictions, whereafter a comparative analysis will be presented. It will be advocated that although the essential difference between the two jurisdictions is the United States' legislative regulation on this issue, South African courts have correctly decided on creditors' rights against third party sureties. Unlike in the United States where conflicting decisions have been delivered, commercial certainty on this issue does in fact exist in South Africa notwithstanding the lack of statutory regulation under the Companies Act. It will be further advocated that although there is potential for this issue to be development under the South African common law when having regard to the decisions in the United States, caution is to be exercised as such development may generate commercial uncertainty.
4
Bayraktar, Oguz. "Effect of pretreatment on the performance of metal contaminated commercial FCC catalyst." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2071.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 214 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-208).
5
Gorogodo, Milicent. "A critical analysis of Gold Fields v Harmony Gold Mining : the effect of the court's decision on offers to the public for subscription of shares." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4625.
Full text
6
Antonopoulos, Chrissi Argyro. "Diffusion of Energy Efficient Technology in Commercial Buildings: An Analysis of the Commercial Building Partnerships Program." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1532.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents findings from survey and interview data investigating replication of green building measures by Commercial Building Partnership (CBP) partners that worked directly with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL partnered directly with 12 organizations on new and retrofit construction projects, which represented approximately 28 percent of the entire U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CBP program. Through a feedback survey mechanism, along with personal interviews, quantitative and qualitative data were gathered relating to replication efforts by each organization. These data were analyzed to provide insight into two primary research areas: 1) CBP partners' replication efforts of green building approaches used in the CBP project to the rest of the organization's building portfolio, and, 2) the market potential for technology diffusion into the total U.S. commercial building stock, as a direct result of the CBP program. The first area of this research focused specifically on replication efforts underway or planned by each CBP program participant. The second area of this research develops a diffusion of innovations model to analyze potential broad market impacts of the CBP program on the commercial building industry in the United States.
Findings from this study provided insight into motivations and objectives CBP partners had for program participation. Factors that impact replication include motivation, organizational structure and objectives firms have for implementation of energy efficient technologies. Comparing these factors between different CBP partners revealed patterns in motivation for constructing energy efficient buildings, along with better insight into market trends for green building practices. The optimized approach to the CBP program allows partners to develop green building parameters that fit the specific uses of their building, resulting in greater motivation for replication. In addition, the diffusion model developed for this analysis indicates that this method of market prediction may be used to adequately capture cumulative construction metrics for a whole-building analysis as opposed to individual energy efficiency measures used in green building.
7
Gunawardana, Priyantha Kumara Roland David Alfred. "Effect of dietary energy, protein, lysine, versatile enzyme, and peptides on commercial Leghorns." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1615.
Full text
8
Bogdanowicz, Kasia. "Commercial arbitration between Canada and the United States and the effect of the NAFTA." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23308.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial undertakings to arbitrate and arbitral awards are commonly recognized and enforced in both Canada and the United States. Chapter Eleven of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Investor-State Arbitration, now gives new meaning to the established arbitral regime. For the first time in any trade pact in the world to date, the NAFTA provides a mechanism by which a private investor may submit a claim against NAFTA Party government to dispute resolution through "binding" arbitration. This system not only established an innovative solution to a bureaucratic quandary by raising the investor onto a level playing field with a government, but reaffirms the validity of commercial arbitration and demonstrates its adaptability to a changing political and economic environment. Investor-State "binding" arbitration is the only form of dispute resolution in existence which responds faster to the needs of North American investors than the courts or legislature. The influence of national laws and the jurisprudence of countries party to the NAFTA on the arbitral decision-making process not only will facilitate trade across North American borders, but will create a new body of transnational legal norms.
9
Roesser, Rachel. "The effect of commercial horse feeds versus home mixed feed grains on foal growth." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28360.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 18 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
10
Marks, Erin Lowry. "Effect of maternal dietary fats on growth rate and bone development of commercial broilers." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063212/.
Full text
11
Zoubi, Marwan M. Sharif (Marwan Mohd Sharif). "The Wealth Effect of the Risk-Based Capital Regulation on the Commercial Banking Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278264/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the wealth effect of the Risk-Based Capital (RBC) regulation on the U.S. commercial banking industry. The RBC plan was first proposed in January 1986, and its final form was announced on July 11, 1988. This plan resulted from dissatisfaction with the old capital regulation, which did not account for asset risk and off-balance sheet activities. The present study hypothesizes that the new regulation restricted bank optimal behavior and, therefore, adversely affected stock prices. The second and third hypotheses suggest that investors used company specific information, Net Tier 1 and Total risk-based capital ratios respectively, in valuing stocks of the affected bank holding companies. Hypotheses four and five suggest that abnormal returns are proportionally related to the levels of Net Tier 1 or Total RBC ratio. Both the traditional event study and the portfolio time-series regression, with RBC ratios (Net Tier 1 or Total) as the weight factors, are used in this study.
12
Radhakrishnan, Karthik Narayanan. "Evaluation of the Cycle Profile Effect on the Degradation of Commercial Lithium Ion Batteries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84420.
Full textAbstract:
Major vehicle manufacturers are committed to expand their electrified vehicle fleet in upcoming years to meet fuel efficiency goals. Understanding the effect of the charge/discharge cycle profiles on battery durability is important to the implementation of batteries in electrified vehicles and to the design of appropriate battery testing protocols. In this work, commercial high-power prismatic lithium ion cells were cycled using a pulse-heavy profile and a simple square-wave profile to investigate the effect of cycle profile on the capacity fade of the battery. The pulse-heavy profile was designed to simulate on-road conditions for a typical hybrid electric vehicle, while the simplified square-wave profile was designed to have the same charge throughput as the pulse-heavy profile, but with lower peak currents. The batteries were cycled until each battery achieved a combined throughput of 100 kAh. Reference Performance Tests were conducted periodically to monitor the state of the batteries through the course of the testing. The results indicate that, for the batteries tested, the capacity fade for the two profiles was very similar and was 11 % ± 0.5 % compared to beginning of life. The change in internal resistance of the batteries over the course of the testing was also monitored and found to increase 21% and 12% compared to beginning of life for the pulse-heavy and square-wave profiles respectively. Cycling tests on coin cells with similar electrode chemistries as well as development of a first principles, physics based model were done in order to understand the underlying cause of the observed degradation. The results from the coin cells and the model suggest that the loss of active material in the electrodes due to the charge transfer process is the primary cause of degradation while the loss of cyclable lithium due to side reactions plays a secondary role. These results also indicate that for high power cells, the capacity degradation associated with the charge-sustaining mode of operation can be studied with relatively simple approximations of complex drive cycles.Ph. D.
Major vehicle manufacturers are committed to expand their electrified vehicle fleet in upcoming years to meet fuel efficiency goals. Understanding the effect of the charge/discharge cycle profiles on battery durability is important to the implementation of batteries in electrified vehicles and to the design of appropriate battery testing protocols. In this work, commercial lithium ion cells were tested using two profiles with the same energy transfer; a pulse-heavy profile to simulate on-road conditions for a typical hybrid electric vehicle, and a simplified square-wave profile with the same charge flow as the pulse-heavy profile, but with lower currents. Cycling tests on coin cells with similar electrode chemistries as well as development of a first principles, physics based model were done in order to understand the underlying cause of the degradation. The results suggest that the degradation observed is not dependent on the type of profile used. These results also indicate that for high power cells, the capacity degradation associated with the charge-sustaining mode of operation can be studied with relatively simple approximations of complex drive cycles.
13
Bull, Kimberly. "Effects of a commercial pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture on cholinergic parameters in captive mink." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99325.
Full textAbstract:
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame retardants that are recognized as global environmental contaminants and a potential health risk. They have been shown to elicit neurodevelopmental toxicity through disruption of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in rodent models, but the effects of environmentally relevant exposures in wildlife species are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of the commercial pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture DE-71 on cholinergic parameters in captive mink (Mustela vison) following dietary exposure of adult females and in utero, lactational and dietary exposure of their offspring. Adult females were fed diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.5 or 2.5 μg/g DE-71 from four weeks prior to breeding through weaning of their kits at six weeks of age. A portion of the weaned kits were maintained on their respective diets through 27 weeks of age. Cholinergic neurochemical biomarkers, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) binding, cholinesterase (ChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) concentration, were assayed in the cerebral cortex, and ChE activity measured in the plasma. Results indicated no significant effects of DE-71 on cholinergic parameters in the cerebral cortex, but a 3-fold increase in ChE activity in the plasma of adult females in the 2.5 μg/g DE-71 group. There were also no direct effects of DE-71 on mAChR or mAChR binding or ChE activity in the enzyme and receptor fractions from the whole brain of untreated mink following in vitro exposure to 0-23.6 nM DE-71. This study demonstrated that environmentally relevant exposures to DE-71 did not affect key parameters of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in the brain of captive mink.
14
Mgiba, Martin Rifuwo. "The role of Section 12 A (3) of the Competition Act to bring into effect the objectives of the act of addressing social and economic problems and past inequalities through the public interest assessment in merger proceedings." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15176.
Full textAbstract:
The advent of our constitution necessitated a drastic re-evaluation of our aspirations as a young democratic state. Formal equality had to be accompanied by substantive equality. Substantive equality could only be achieved by a total revamp of our economic policy and framework, which was designed to benefit the white minority. The government quickly realized the fact that our competition jurisprudence had a significant role to play in bringing about economic and social reform. The challenge however was that the economy inherited, was littered with monopolies. As a result in 1995, the South African government embarked on a project to review competition policy and the process was concluded in September 1998 when Parliament passed the Act into law. The Act introduced new provisions, including the consideration of public interest in merger regulation. The inclusion of public interest in the Act was motivated by the need to address the socio-economic inequalities arising in society. Competitiveness and development was seeing as mutually supporting objectives. It was recognised that a small economy like South Africa, may be concentrated and therefore any merger and acquisition activity can create further concentration and social disparities if left unchecked. Mergers may lead to the shedding of jobs, especially where they are driven by cost saving and efficiency goals. Hence, it was recognised as being important that merger regulation consider the preservation of jobs where these arise as a result of the merger. In an economy with high unemployment rates, it would not serve the public interest to encourage or allow further job losses. Hence the inclusion of section 12 A 3 of the Competition Act which made it mandatory to consider public interest considerations in merger proceedings. This paper seeks to evaluate if competition authorities have carried out their mandate of addressing socio economic issue in merger processing through section 12 A (3).
15
Wu, Guangbing. "Effect of dietary energy, synthetic amino acids, enzymes, antibiotics, and molting method on commercial leghorns." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/WU_GUANGBING_57.pdf.
Full text
16
Hsu, Melissa Karen. "Effect of Post Manufacture Thermal Dip Treatment on Proteolysis of Commercial String Cheese During Storage." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/924.
Full textAbstract:
String cheese, a Mozzarella cheese, has the unique ability to string in fibrous strands when pulled apart. Graders judge string cheese by its stringy texture; samples with copious amounts of string are awarded high ratings. But just as the texture of natural cheeses softens with time, the stringy texture of string cheese can diminish with age too.
Age related softening in cheese is due primarily to an important biochemical event known as proteolysis, which is attributed to inherent milk proteinases, residual coagulant activity, and enzymes from the lysis of starter culture microorganisms. It is hypothesized that a post manufacture heat treatment of string cheese could inactivate these proteolytic enzymes and slow or eliminate proteolysis during storage. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the effects of a post manufacture thermal dip treatment on proteolytic activity in packaged, commercial string cheese. Proteolysis was examined qualitatively by Urea-PAGE electrophoresis, quantitatively by measuring percentage of water-soluble nitrogen (%WSN), and by using a scoring method to analyze stringy texture during refrigerated storage.
Fresh, commercial string cheese was sourced on two separate occasions and treated six days after manufacture. Treatment consisted of dipping the packaged cheese sticks in water baths at 55°C, 75°C, and 95°C for 30 and 60 seconds. String cheese that did not undergo treatment served as the control. Treated and control cheeses were stored at 4°C until sampling for Urea-PAGE, WSN extraction, and texture analysis on days 1, 11, 22, 29, 49, 91, and 172 after treatment.
The degree of β-CN breakdown was not observed to be different between all treatment levels throughout the storage period. This was not expected since Mozzarella cheese exposed to a higher temperature should have more plasmin activity than that of cheese exposed to a lower temperature. There was a trend of slightly more intact αs1-CN in the most severely treated string cheese (95°C for 60s) when compared to the control at the final time point of the study. This suggests the possibility of successful inactivation of residual coagulant, intracellular enzymes, or other proteolytic enzymes in the string cheese at this treatment. However, only storage time had a significant effect on %WSN (p
The research completed in this study provides insight of the proteolytic effects from a thermal treatment process applied post string cheese manufacture. Though relationships between the treatments to the extent of secondary proteolysis and stringy texture were not significant, it was still found that there was more intact αs1-CN due to one of the treatments. These results suggest that it is possible that the use of other heat treatment parameters, longer storage period, or a combination of the two could show a significant relationship between thermal treatment and proteolysis. These results also suggest that further work to improve shelf life of string cheese or other cheese varieties through the concept of a post manufacture heat treatment may be promising.
17
Mei, Fu-i. "Effect of phytate removal on physico-chemical and functional properties of commercial soy protein isolates /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487936356160773.
Full text
18
Rangel, Jose Gonzalo. "Stock market volatility and price discovery three essays on the effect of macroeconomic information /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3220417.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 7, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-130).
19
Ukattah, Chukwuechefu Okwudiri. "General Average and the York-Antwerp Rules: The historical quest for international conformity, the divisive effect of more recent amendments to the Rules and recommendations with regard to the way forward to regain more widespread acceptance of the Rules in today's global maritime industry." Thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32595.
Full textAbstract:
General average emerged as an independent mechanism in ancient times for the redistribution of losses incurred for the safety of the common maritime adventure from peril. Its robustness and efficiency as a risk and loss distribution device led to its recognition and incorporation in a plethora of medieval codes and the laws of many maritime states. As the concept evolved in different maritime states there emerged a divergence in the principles and practice of general average. The undesirability of a divergence in such a concept of international import led to the adoption of the York-Antwerp Rules by the maritime community as a tool for achieving uniformity. The York-Antwerp Rules have been amended periodically over the course of more than a century with the object of achieving greater uniformity in the law of general average and to keep abreast of developments in international trade and the maritime industry. The most recent revision of the York-Antwerp Rules adopted in 2004 (York-Antwerp Rules 2004), is the first revision adopted without a consensus amongst the majority of interested parties. Nine years after their adoption, the York-Antwerp Rules 2004 have failed to gain widespread acceptance and use in the maritime industry. An attempt by the Comité Maritime International to resolve the impasse on the use of the Rules at its 2012 Beijing Conference was unsuccessful and it was resolved instead to work towards the adoption of a new set of Rules at its next Conference in 2016. To ensure that the revision of the York-Antwerp Rules presented for acceptance at the 2016 Conference does not suffer the fate of the York-Antwerp Rules 2004 it is important that the mistakes made with regard to the York-Antwerp Rules 2004 are not repeated. Consequently, this thesis analyses the substantive revisions made in the York-Antwerp Rules 2004 to ascertain why other interested parties, particularly shipowning interests, are opposed to the York-Antwerp Rules 2004. This will assist in the recommendations to be made with regard to the substantive changes to the York-Antwerp Rules 2004 that could ensure the widespread acceptance of the Rules to be adopted in 2016. Furthermore, the factors that led to the periodic revision of the Rules are examined and the ingredients of the previous successful revision processes are identified as a comparative base to ascertain the flaws, if any, in the process that led to the adoption of the York-Antwerp Rules 2004; which culminated in the lack of widespread acceptance of the Rules in the maritime industry. This thesis contends, among other things, that the York-Antwerp Rules 2004 failed to gain widespread acceptance in the maritime industry because the substantive changes introduced by the Rules did not ensure a measure of equitable balance of the interests of all interested parties. Furthermore, the ingredients of the previous successful revision processes were disregarded in the process of adopting the 2004 Rules. This thesis makes recommendations on the content of the York-Antwerp Rules to be adopted in 2016 and the process of adopting the new Rules in an attempt to enhance their widespread acceptance and use in the maritime industry.
20
Hakansson, Franziska. "Effect of daytime and age on the avoidance and approach behaviour of commercial Danish broiler chicken." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119347.
Full textAbstract:
As activity levels of intensively managed broiler chicken vary over time, detailed knowledge on their influence is potentially useful to further adjust welfare assessment schemes. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of daytime and age on the performance of broiler chicken in two applied fear tests.On-farm studies were carried out in 14 flocks of intensively managed broiler chicken. A forced and a voluntary approach test were conducted during morning and evening hours and at three different ages (1: 6-12d; 2: 21-24d; 3: prior to slaughter). At each observation, avoidance distances (AD) and the number of animals voluntarily approaching (VA) an observer were collected.No significant correlation was found between daytime and AD or VA. When tested at different ages, daytime and VA were significantly correlated (1: r= 0.56*; 2: r= 0.40*; 3: r= 0.64*), but the results were not consistent. At three weeks the VA was found to be higher in the morning but at younger age and prior to slaughter, more birds approach an observer in the evening. Both, approach and avoidance peaked at three weeks and decreased prior to slaughter. Further, the effect of differing observer locations in the chicken house on the behavioural response of broiler chicken was studied. A higher proportion of birds voluntarily approached an unknown human in the area close to the main entrance door, but the avoidance behaviour was not affected.From the results of this study I conclude, that the time of assessment has no effect on avoidance or approach behaviour of commercial slow-growing broiler chicken. However, fear related behaviour changed depending on age. This makes the applied tests potentially applicable independent of daytime restrictions when performed with birds of the same age.
21
McDonald, Melea E. "The Effect of Reducing Cruise Altitude on the Topology and Emissions of a Commercial Transport Aircraft." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34124.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, research has been conducted for alternative commercial transonic aircraft
design configurations, such as the strut- braced wing and the truss-braced wing aircraft designs,
in order to improve aircraft performance and reduce the impact of aircraft emissions as compared to a typical cantilever wing design. Research performed by Virginia Tech in conjunction with NASA Langley Research Center shows that these alternative configurations result in 20% or more reduction in fuel consumption, and thus emissions. Another option to reduce the impact of emissions on the environment is to reduce the aircraft cruise altitude, where less nitrous oxides are released into the atmosphere and contrail formation is less likely. The following study was performed using multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) in ModelCenterTM for cantilever wing, strut-braced wing, and truss-braced wing designs and optimized for minimum takeoff gross weight at 7730 NM range and minimum fuel weight for 7730 and 4000 NM range at the following cruise altitudes: 25,000; 30,000; and 35,000 ft. For the longer range, both objective functions exhibit a large penalty in fuel weight and takeoff gross weight due to the increased drag from the fixed fuselage when reducing cruise altitude. For the shorter range, there was a slight increase in takeoff gross weight even though there was a large increase in fuel weight for decreased cruise altitudes. Thus, the benefits of reducing cruise altitude were offset by increased fuel weight. Either a two-jury truss-braced wing or telescopic strut could be studied to reduce the fuel penalty.Master of Science
22
Teo, Raymond. "Word-of-mouth : the effect of service quality, customer satisfaction and commitment in a commercial education context." University of Western Australia, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Researchers have noted that word-of-mouth plays a very significant role in consumer decision making, particularly in the area of professional services. However, literature pertaining to its formation in the context of the commercial education industry is limited. With Singapore poised to become the education hub of Asia, this is an important area of study and formed the focus of the current research. More specifically, the research sought answers to the role of perceived service quality, customer satisfaction and commitment in word-of-mouth formation. Unlike prior studies in this area, an additional validity test was adopted for the current research that involved an examination of the extent to which the construct measures used were free of social desirability bias. Of the various customer commitment dimensions examined, the findings showed affective commitment to have the greatest impact on word-of-mouth formation. In examining how satisfaction mediated the formation of word-of-mouth, it was found that not all service quality dimensions affected satisfaction, a result that was contrary to what was expected. Particularly, it was the process-related service quality (functional service quality) that affected satisfaction. Finally, it was found that all the construct measures used for the present study were free of social desirability bias. While the study was originally planned to be conducted in one phase, this was extended to three phases following discriminant validity issues with the original measures, with a need for alternative measures to be used. What resulted was a study that was far more comprehensive and rigorous than originally intended.
23
Hall, Graeme. "The effect of quench rate on the mechanical and microstructural properties of a commercial aluminium-lithium alloy." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294896.
Full text
24
García, Portillo Óscar Amilcar. "Effect of the partial substitution of a commercial feed for corn meal on growth performance of chickens." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5367.
Full textAbstract:
Nutrition is a primary human need. Families often will raise their own animals to meet these nutritional needs. However, high feed costs can severely limit the viability of these small family enterprises. This study addressed ways to improve poultry production as a means for families to ameliorate their diets and increase income. Research was conducted at the Centro Universitario de Oriente (CUNORI), Chiquimula, Guatemala. For this study, commercial poultry feed was supplemented with corn flour at three treatment levels and fed to poultry. Results indicated that partial substitution of commercial feed with corn flour at these three treatment levels did not affect feed consumption. However, negative feed conversion occurred when the substitution took place on the fifth week at all treatment levels. The treatment that supplemented the commercial feed with 15% corn flour on the fifth week obtained the highest marginal return.
25
Ghann, William Emmanuel. "Studies of Surfactants Effect on Riboflavin Fluorescence and Its Determination in Commercial Food Products and Vitamin Tablets." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2000.
Full textAbstract:
A simple and economical fluorometer using blue LEDs excitation sources and simple PMT detection had been built, assembled, optimized, and employed for measurement of fluorescence from riboflavin (vitamin B2). Surfactants have been known to enhance the intensity of fluorescence of fluorescent compounds. Fluorescence analysis of riboflavin in the presence of various anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants was also conducted to determine if they could improve analysis. However, the surfactants employed did not seem to have any meaningful enhancement; in fact, some actually diminished the fluorescence intensity of riboflavin. The procedure was linear for riboflavin from 0.01 to 2.5 μg/mL. Reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation was about 2%. The recoveries obtained range from 91.3% to 100.21% for the samples determined. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of riboflavin in commercial vitamin tablets and cereal products. The results obtained were consistent with expected values as provided by the manufacturers. The method is simple, sensitive, economical, and rapid.
26
Lewis, Thomas A. "An investigation into the corrosion behaviour and effect of inhibitor additions on commercial Zn-Mg-Al alloys." Thesis, Swansea University, 2018. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa40713.
Full textAbstract:
The general premise of this work was to better understand the corrosion behaviour of newer-generation zinc-magnesium-aluminium galvanising alloys. In addition to this, the impact of both novel and established corrosion inhibitor additions dosed into solution were studied to assess the effects to prospective alloy lifetimes and the underlying mechanisms of inhibitor action. This was through means of microstructural characterisation and analysis, and accelerated corrosion testing under immersion conditions; this included the use of the SVET, time-lapse optical microscopy, open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarisation, and gravimetric analysis. Accordingly, the microstructural attributes of three commercial grade zinc-magnesium-aluminium alloys were studied according to the differing quantities of magnesium and aluminium included in each alloy. The primary zinc-rich dendritic phases were observed to diminish in both volume fraction percentage and in size for increasing alloying addition. This was accompanied by a corresponding increase in eutectic phase volume fraction, which consisted of a binary and ternary lamellar eutectic, as confirmed by SEM-EDS. Alongside the microstructural changes, corrosion performance was noted to improve as alloying additions were increased. This was realised by SVET-measured metal loss values, of which SVET revealed fewer anodic sites and a lessened extent of anodic evolution. Time-lapse microscopy data demonstrated that corrosion was initiated in eutectic phases, attacking the MgZn2 phase in the first instance. The improved corrosion resistance for higher alloyed samples was associated with the preferential attack of magnesium-rich phases, forming beneficial corrosion products which enabled a reduction in corrosion reaction kinetics. The remaining work utilised a selected alloy of Zn-2wt.% Mg-2wt.% Al composition for experimental studies. The effect of solution pH was next considered to understand the impact to corrosion behaviour in such environments. For neutral and alkaline conditions, a characteristic localised attack was noted, with improvements in corrosion performance corresponding to higher pH conditions. Acidic conditions instead led to a generalised corrosion mechanism, illustrating a more widespread and more pronounced corrosive attack on the alloy surface. The increased corrosion resistance associated with higher pH conditions was attributed to an enhanced presence and stability of beneficial corrosion products. Further work was performed to assess the effectiveness and mechanisms of action for both established and more novel corrosion inhibitor additions on the selected zinc-magnesium-aluminium alloy. This was performed by dosing designated concentrations of the inhibitor species into solution. The addition of sodium phosphate was recognised to progressively reduce the formation and evolution of anodic sites, providing enhanced levels of corrosion resistance accordingly. The growth of anodic sites was observably restricted through the local formation of insoluble metal phosphate precipitates, predicted to be tertiary phosphate species according to solubility calculations. An anodic inhibition effect was suggested via reaction of phosphate anions with that of metal cations in solution, to produce insoluble metal phosphate species at regions of anodic activity. An amino acid, L-tryptophan, was studied as a prospective corrosion inhibitor for the designated zinc-magnesium-aluminium alloy coated steel. The addition of this compound at higher concentrations revealed a beneficial impact to the corrosion performance, whereby metal loss values were reduced and localised anodic activity was curtailed. This was realised to transpire via the formation of a film on the sample surface, precipitating predominantly in cathodic regions and eventually extending to moderate coverage of anodic regions, according to time-lapse microscopy. The data suggested that this inhibitor species acted primarily as a cathodic inhibitor, restricting mass transport of oxygen at the sample surface. The mechanism of action was not definitively demonstrated, and several mechanisms were discussed. A rare earth metal compound in the form of cerium(III) chloride was also studied as a corrosion inhibitor for the zinc-magnesium-aluminium alloy in question. An inverse relationship between extent of corrosion and concentration of inhibitor addition was realised, whereby higher concentrations enabled favourable corrosion resistance levels. The development of anodic activity was hindered by the deposition of films at the sample surface, and these were noted to form only in regions of cathodic activity. It was proposed that these films were of a cerium oxide/hydroxide composition, and limit adsorption of oxygen at the sample surface, regulating corrosion kinetics and thus the rate of anodic growth. Accordingly, the overall data suggested that this compound acted through means of cathodic inhibition. The combination of techniques has enabled valuable insights to be gained into the corrosion behaviour of commercial zinc-magnesium-aluminium alloys in different environments; this has also aided in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action for a range of prospective corrosion inhibitors within the zinc-magnesium-aluminium system.
27
Odhiambo, Benedict Oithe. "The effect of fire damage on the growth and survival mechanisms of selected native and commercial trees in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96924.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Surface fires are known to affect trees of different species differently, depending on the capacity of the bark to shield the cambium from heat. Tree bark characteristics differ among species and thus potentially influence the protective ability against cambium damage. The objectives of this study were to compare the protective role of bark against fire for selected indigenous and exotic species in the Western Cape, South Africa, and to investigate post-fire growth impacts following surface fire damage on Pinus radiata. In the first part of the study, trees were felled and billets of 25 cm height harvested from different heights along the trunk. Bark thickness, compass direction, stem diameter at breast height, bark moisture content and relative height of the sample in the stem were tested for their effect on heat insulation capacity of bark. Heating experiments were conducted at 400°C on the fresh billets with intact bark. Time to heat the cambium to lethal 60°C was determined. The second part of the study investigated the role of bark surface topology, bark density and bark chemical composition for its fire resistance. The same size billets were harvested from the lower trunk section of selected species. Surface topology was characterised by means of x-ray based computer tomography, density by moisture saturation method and bark chemical composition by thermo-gravimetrical analyses (TGA). The third part of the study investigated the impact of high intensity surface fires on growth of an 18 year old Pinus radiata plantation which was exposed to a ground fire 5 years prior to the analysis. Tree ring measurements were done on cores obtained by non-destructing coring method and various growth indices, based on yearly basal area increment (iBA) used to quantify growth response to the fire damage. Statistical analysis based on correlation, multi-model inference and multiple regression revealed no significant influence of compass direction and diameter at breast height. Heat resistance was mainly determined by bark thickness and to a lesser degree by moisture content. In several species relative height at the stem modulated the bark thickness effect. Higher up the stem bark of the same bark thickness offered less protection against heat. The results also suggest that in particular bark topology plays a role, while the correlations with bark density and chemical composition could not be secured statistically. A main finding was that fissures in the bark play a significant role. A regression model showed a significant influence of fissure width, fissure frequency and the minimum bark thickness to the cambium, which is a function of fissure depth. The results show that structural bark parameters are a necessary addition to explain heat resistance of bark. Statistical analysis employing one-way Anova and incorporating Tamhane’s T2 Post Hoc test revealed significant growth reductions following high intensity surface fire damage on Pinus radiata in the fire year with the impact being passed on to the following year. The recovery phase extended a two year period. During this time the trees showed increased diameter growth probably due to increased water availability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is bekend dat oppervlakvure in bos-ekostelsels verskillende boomspesies verskillend affekteer, afhangende van die vermoë van bas om die kambium van hitte te beskerm. Baseienskappe verskil tussen spesies en het dus 'n potensiële invloed op die beskermende vermoë teen kambiumskade. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om die beskermende rol van bas teen vuur te vergelyk tussen inheemse en uitheemse spesies in Wes-Kaapland, Suid Afrika asook om die na-vuur impak op groei te ondersoek met brandskade aan Pinus radiata. In die eerste deel van die studie is bome geoes en stompe van 25 cm lengte van verskillende hoogtes verwyder. Basdikte, kompasrigting, stompdiameter by borshoogte, basvoggehalte en die relatiewe hoogte van die stomp in die stam is getoets vir hul invloed op hitte-isolasiekapasiteit van bas. Verhittingseksperimente is gedoen teen 400 °C op die vars stompe wat steeds bas opgehad het. Die tyd om die bas tot by 'n skadelike 60 °C te verhit is bepaal. Die tweede deel van die studie het die rol van basoppervlaktopologie, basdigtheid, en die bas chemiese samestelling ondersoek in vuurweerstand. Dieselfde grootte stompe is geoes van die laer dele van die stam van uitgesoekte spesies. Oppervlaktopologie is bepaal deur middel van X-straal rekenaartomografie, digtheid deur die versadigingsvoggehaltemetode, en chemiese samestelling deur termo-gravimetriese analise (TGA). Die derde deel van die studie het die impak van hoë intensiteit oppervlakvure op groei van 18-jaar oue Pinus radiata ondersoek. Jaarringmetings is gedoen op inkrementboorsels wat nie-destruktief bekom is en verskeie groei-indekse, gebaseer op jaarlikse basale oppervlak aanwas, is gebruik om die groeireaksie op brandskade te kwantifiseer. Statistiese analise gebaseer op korrelasie, multi-model inferensie, en veelvuldige regressie het gewys dat kompasrigting en deursnee op borshoogte nie 'n beduidende invloed gehad het nie. Hitteweerstand was hoofsaaklik bepaal deur basdikte, en in 'n mindere mate basvoggehalte. By verskeie spesies het die relatiewe hoogte die basdikte-effek gemoduleer. Hoër in die stam het dieselfde dikte bas minder beskerming gebied as bas van laer in die stam. Die resultate impliseer dat basoppervlaktopologie ook 'n rol speel in hitteweerstand terwyl basdigtheid en chemiese samestelling nie 'n statisties beduidende rol gespeel het nie. 'n Belangrike bevinding was dat gleuwe of openinge in die bas 'n beduidende rol speel. 'n Regressiemodel wys dat 'n beduidende invloed deur gleufwydte, gleuffrekwensie en die minimum basdikte na die kambium. Die resultate wys dat strukturele basparameters 'n belangrike bykomende rol speel om hitteweerstand van bas te verduidelik. Die statistiese analise waar eenrigting ANOVA met Tamhane se T2 Post Hoc toets gebruik is toon dat ‘n beduidende groeivermindering teweeg gebring is in die Pinus radiata as gevolg van skade veroorsaak deur hoë intensiteit oppervlakvure waarvan die impak eers in die jaar na die vuur sigbaar was. Die herstelfase het oor twee jaar gestrek. Gedurende hierdie tyd het die bome 'n toename in deursneegroei getoon, waarskynklik as gevolg van verhoogde waterbeskikbaarheid.
28
Sandoval, Mojica Andres Felipe. "Antifeedant effect of commercial chemicals and plant extracts against Schistocerca americana (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024748.
Full text
29
Bhattarai, Charan Raj. "The effect of adoption of commercial business practices on social enterprise performance : an empirical study from the UK." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21741/.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on the resource-based view, dynamic capability perspective, and resource dependency theory, and utilizing a sample of 164 UK social enterprises, this dissertation investigates the effects of adoption of commercial business practices on social enterprise performance. The adoption of commercial business practices refers to the adoption of market orientation, learning orientation, market disruptiveness capability, new product development capability, and ‘trade vs. grant dependency’. The dissertation comprises three independent but interrelated empirical essays. The first essay (Chapter 2) analyzed individual and combined (interaction) effects of market orientation and market disruptiveness capability on social enterprise performance. The study shows that market orientation improves both the economic and social performance whereas market disruptiveness capability improves only the economic performance of social enterprises. However, interestingly, the study demonstrates that the interaction effect of market orientation and market disruptiveness capability is negative on economic performance but positive on social performance. Similarly, the second essay (Chapter 3) analyzed how learning orientation and new product development capability influences the economic and social performance of social enterprise. The essay shows that learning orientation improves new product development capability and, thereby, the economic and social performance of social enterprises. Likewise, the third essay (Chapter 4) investigated how ‘trade vs. grant dependency’ influences social enterprise performance. It was found that trade dependency is better than grant dependency for social enterprises to improve their social performance. However, contrastingly, it was found that the adoption of trade dependency over grant dependency has no significant effect on their economic performance. Nevertheless, the study shows that the adoption of trade dependency over grant dependency is better for social enterprises to improve their learning orientation and thereby both economic and social performance. In sum, this dissertation has made a strong case for why social enterprises should adopt commercial business practices.
30
Knutson, Evan Elliot. "The Effect of Vitamin A Restriction on Marbling and Adipogenic Gene Expression in Commercial Angus and Simmental Steers." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28654.
Full textAbstract:
Vitamin A (Vit-A) restriction has been shown to increase marbling in cattle. Our hypothesis for this study was that a low Vit-A diet would increase marbling and improve meat quality characteristics while having no effect on production characteristics of Angus cross and Simmental steers. We also hypothesize that expression of proadipogenic factors such as PPAR?, C/EBP?, and FABP4 will be upregulated, and anti-adipogenic factors such as PREF-1 down regulated in cattle with high marbling scores. Treatments consisted of an unsupplemented VA basal diet and a VA supplemented diet at 2200IU/kg DM, arranged in a 2x2-treatment arrangement with breed. There was a significant interaction between breed and treatment on marbling score (P = 0.008), Angus cross steers on the low Vit-A treatment had the greatest marbling and resultantly the greatest quality grades (P = 0.02).
31
Anderson, Michael D. "Effect of gaspers on airflow patterns and the transmission of airborne contaminants within an aircraft cabin environment." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14988.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Mohammad H. Hosni
Byron W. Jones
Due to the high occupant density and large number of travelers on commercial aircraft, it is crucial to limit the transport of contaminants and pathogens amongst passengers. In order to minimize the exposure of passengers to various contaminants of different sizes and characteristic, all mechanisms influencing airflow movement within an aircraft cabin need to be understood. The use of personal gaspers on commercial aircraft and their relation to airborne contaminants and pathogens transport is one such mechanism that was investigated. Tracer gas testing using carbon dioxide (CO[subscript]2) was conducted in a wide-body, 11-row Boeing 767 aircraft cabin mockup using actual aircraft components for air distribution. Three separate experiments were conducted investigating the effect of gaspers on the transport of contaminants. The first series of experiments focused on the effect of gaspers on longitudinal transport patterns within an aircraft cabin environment by measuring the concentration of tracer gas along the length of the aircraft cabin. The second experiment investigated what fraction of air a passenger inhales originates from a gasper in relation to the overall cabin ventilation. The final set of experiments determined if gaspers could limit close range person-to-person transmission of exhaled contaminants. Three separate sets of conclusions were drawn, one for each series of experiments. The first conclusion is that gaspers disrupt the longitudinal transport of contaminants within the aircraft cabin. The second conclusion is that less than 5% of the air inhaled by a passenger is originating from a gasper even with a gasper directed at the passenger's face. This low percentage is a result of the turbulent airflow within the aircraft cabin causing the gasper jet to quickly mix with the overall cabin ventilation air. The last conclusion is that gaspers can reduce person-to-person transmission of exhaled contaminants as much as nearly 90% in some cases. In other cases the gaspers are found to have negligible or negative impact on the transmission of contaminants. These conclusions are dependent upon where the tracer gas plume emanated from, the sampling location, and the configuration of gaspers around the tracer gas release point.
32
Powell, Jared Alan. "The Effect of Directional Auditory Cues on Driver Performance in a Simulated Truck Cab Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36412.
Full textAbstract:
A human factors experiment was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of using directional auditory cues in intelligent transportation system technologies in commercial vehicles. Twelve licensed commercial vehicle operators drove a commercial truck-driving simulator and were prompted to select highway numbers on a side-task display. Prompts were presented visually or aurally. Auditory prompts were presented either diotically (both ears simultaneously) or directionally (to either the left or right ear). The search task varied in map density and timing of the prompts in relation to speed limit changes. All experimental conditions were compared to a control condition containing no secondary task. Both driving performance (lane deviation, steering wheel angle, road heading angle error, accidents, and adherence to the speed limit) and secondary task performance (accuracy and response time) measures were collected. Results showed that drivers were able to respond more quickly and accurately to the search task when directional auditory cues were used. Results also showed that driving performance degrades when display density increases and that the use of directional auditory prompts lessens this deterioration of performance for high-density conditions.Master of Science
33
Yeh, Chia-ling, and 葉佳靈. "The Effect of Commercial Friendships on Service Brand Equity." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63979792290562514456.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
企業管理學系
98
Commercial friendships that develop between service providers and clients are one important type in service context. The development of commercial friendships can help firms to form long term relationships with customers. However, brands are also very important to service organizations. Cultivating service brand equity can enhance the value of brands, hence having an advantage in the market. But researchers in the past have not focused on the relation between commercial friendships and service brand equity. Therefore, this research integrates brand-related literatures to investigate relationship with commercial friendships and satisfaction, brand experience, brand love, positive word of mouth and service brand equity, and to explore the service provider personality moderating effect, and test our model in different services industry. This paper collects sample frameworks that are divided into low, medium, high encounter services, a total of 920 valid samples. The result shows that commercial friendship influences satisfaction, brand experience, brand love, positive word of mouth and service brand equity. In here the brand experience and brand love has a mediating effect, and when the service provider has a higher adjustment and extraversion, the commercial friendships will strengthen effect of the brand experience. Finally we present a discussion of the results, research limitations and directions for future research are offered.
34
Tsai, Po-Li, and 蔡柏立. "The Hedge Effect of Stock and Commercial Paper-GARCH Applied." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84255889428567014156.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學系
83
The traditional tests of the capital asset pricing model assume a constant variance. However, when the model is estimated over very long time, or the volatility of macroeconomics variables impact stock market, the variance will change over time. In the paper, I suggest the GARCH - M model for Taiwan stock market. Monthly returns over the period January, 1981, to December, 1994, were used in the estimation. The decision to study this period was driven by the availability of commercial paper interest rates. The evidence indicates: 1. Largest size portfolio and midsize portfolio have significantly negative correlation with cp. interest rates in different market portfolio. The smallest size portfolio, however, has no significant correlation with it. 2.It implies that cp. interest rates can explain thhat portion of security returns not captured by beta. 3.There is no returns in compensation for more risks in this period.
35
Kan, Yi-Shiang, and 甘薏湘. "The effect of personal commercial annuity demand under the compulsory annuity." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26385742359234561611.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士在職專班
97
While the social populace Talked about the old age retirement plan unceasingly, the government devotes in recent years in the social insurance system to the annuity, not only the force impelled the national annuity and the labor insurance paid by the annuity form, but also the designs of the newer mechanism which retirement pension paid monthly. From those, we might know that the way of annuity payment is regarded as the most populous safeguard for the retirement life, meanwhile it also might provide the stable source of wealth for the retired life. Since the annuity will have the important influence and the remarkable necessity to the future old age retirement, but still there are many people who are not willing to purchase the annuity? The mainly possible reasons include it might lose the liquidity by accumulating annuity inputs, as well as the worry about the stabilization of insurance company long term operation of annuity, or the issue of legacy motive and so on. Therefore this research, based on the object of banks’ wealth managed customers including north Taiwan including Banqiao city, Jilong and Taoyuan County (city) , interrogated volume altogether 730 and discussed the influence and demand of personal commercial annuities under the present government plans. The findings showed that 1. The percentage of the person with non-demand of individual annuity insurance is higher than the person needed. The possible reason is that most of the bank clients can accept the wild-ranged investment vehicles , therefore widespread premise, insurance is not the only choice.2. According to the result, people whose net assets surpass over 3,000,000 have the willingness to annualized partial of their properties; But people whose net assets below 3,000,000 might care more about the investment income, they think that by means of investing other investment tools, it could bring higher investment yields and against the inflation problem than the annuity insurance could. Therefore, it reduces the demand of annuity 3. Nearly 60% of participants thought the present compulsion annuity implementation will be unable to provide the sufficient protection for the future retirement; Besides, The research discovered that the implementation of compulsion annuity has affected individual commercial annuity insurance demand.4. Currently, People who have purchased life insurance and annuity will have the higher annuity demand, therefore for the insurance company, they should make good use of their existing customer data base to discover and sell toward the potential customers who do not have the sufficient insurance protection for their retirement or the coming maturity of their insurance policies .5. This research also showed that annuity demand has the remarkable relation with the adverse selection of annuity. We suggest the following research may aim at the health and the annuity adverse selection of insured and discuss further in future.
36
CHANG, CHE HAO, and 張哲豪. "The Effect of Commercial Intent Disclosure on the Attitude toward Bloggers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qsz9bc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
經營管理系碩士班
105
In the light of the development of social media and products, consumers use the E-WOM before they buy goods. E-WOM is getting more and more important, it can influence our purchase decision and business model in the past. Many companies hire bloggers to manipulate E-WOM. In recent years, commercial intent has been a lot of problems, and these phenomena are worth studying in depth. In this study, 484 participants from undergraduate school and graduate school who had experienced consumers review the blog. A case study of three different situations in beauty blog, to investigate commercial intent on persuasion knowledge, when consumer face with a common commercial intent disclosure and persuasion knowledge and cognition resistance and affection resistance and the attitude toward bloggers as the interference between them. This study shows the outcome of hypothesis, commercial intent disclosure and persuasion knowledge have significant influence. Persuasion knowledge and cognition resistance have significant influence. Persuasion knowledge and affection resistance have significant influence. Cognition resistance and the attitude toward bloggers have significant influence. Affection resistance and the attitude toward bloggers have significant influence. The result of research have found consumers are at self-disclosure situation, the persuasion knowledge is higher than other situations and the attitude toward bloggers is lower than others.
37
WU, YU-HAN, and 吳聿涵. "The Effect of Commercial coloured paper cups on consumers' Purchasing Intention." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v676h9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國科技大學
視覺傳達設計系
107
The effect of commercial coloured paper cups on consumers' purchasing intention It is quite mature and extreme competition in Taiwan's chain coffee market, the company is constantly introducing new and innovative coffee cups designed in different styles to stimulate consumption temptation. This study explores the major factors in the design of coffee cups by the interaction analysis between consumer behavior and visual senses, so opens up new decision-making ideas for product market. Chain coffee sales include the economic model of design and business combination. Analysis of the design factors that affect consumer purchasing behavior, different color images, color preferences, color matching, will directly or indirectly affect consumers' willingness to purchase, and then make coffee brands establish a relationship with consumers to buy traction. The study mainly adopted internet questionnaires as the research method, and the influence of well-known chain coffee cup design on consumers is the research topic. After collecting enough questionnaires, statistical methods such as descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient are used. Analysis of the differences in preferences of different consumer groups of design factors, the close coordination of each link and the effective realization of consumer demand are the main keys to enhance the core competitiveness of the brand. Keywords：Package design, Color image, Color preference, Color matchin
38
Lin, Yue-Sheng, and 林祐生. "The Effect of Purchase Intention in Business Buying Commercial Fire Insurance." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75729350420902648499.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
企業管理研究所
98
Abstract Property Insurance plays an important role for running a business. The property insurance market in Taiwan is confronting a violent price competition, for the insurance market is going to be saturated and the Rate liberalization Policy which is carrying out. The Commercial Fire Insurance is the most obvious. Hence, this article is going to discuss the variables which influence the business clients to purchase the Commercial Fire Insurance. And then to find out the main elements which influence the clients, which will be the reference for the Property Insurance staffs. And to avoid the price competition between companies, loss for both the insurance company and the insured clients and the upheaval of the society. This article collects relative records and by analyzing the clients’ purchasing commercial intention：Professional Level、Customization Commodity、Perceived Risk、Perceived Quality、Perceived Value、Perceived Price、Word-of-Mouth、Business Image、Advertisement、Consumption Situation、Personality Factors and Multiples Products supply to sell at the same time. ( clients of MS & AD Mingtai Fire & Marine Insurance Co. LTD.) And then construct the models which influence the business clients purchasing the Commercial Fire Insurance. Through Descriptive Static Method, Reliability Analysis、Validity Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis. We get the results：(1) Perceived Value is obviously positively related to the purchasing Commercial Fire Insurance intention of the commercial clients. (2) Professional Level and Customization Commodity is obviously positively related to the purchasing Commercial Fire Insurance intention of the commercial clients. . (3) Perceived Risk is obviously positively related to the purchasing Commercial Fire Insurance intention of the commercial clients. Keyword：Professional Level、Customization Commodity、Perceived Risk、Perceived Quality、Perceived Value、Perceived Price、Business Image、Word-of-Mouth、Consumption Situation、Personality Factors
39
Lee, I.-Lun, and 李宜倫. "The Deregulation Effect on the Performance of Taiwan''s Commercial Banks." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75023280230479162201.
Full text
40
Chen, Chi-ling, and 陳琪玲. "A Study of visual and audio memory effect of commercial films:An example of commercial films of sanitary towel in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23087208812718324708.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
造形藝術研究所
95
Abstract The characteristic of commercial films (CF) is brevity, which challenges the appearance of originality. Designers have to stand out the key message of the product within certain seconds. Therefore, the issues of the accuracy of message transformation, the way CF be memorized, and consumer interpretation were taken into account in present research. For the lack of the feedback researches concerning female products, CFs of top five brands of sanitary pad were evaluated via experimental approach in this study and thereby discussed the memory effects of two attributes of CF. Such attributes are video and audio. Present research based mainly on experiments and assisted with Content Analysis, authority questionnaire, and thinking aloud. Through the key cut selection of CF, the typical structure of the CF of sanitary pad was concluded. Besides, the difference between consumers and designers was analyzed. Furthermore, a new methodology to analyze the audience reaction to the CF was proposed. This research was divided into four stages. First, collecting CFs of sanitary pad from 2001 to 2006 and doing literature survey. Second, designing questionnaire for CF designers and classifying typical CF via the criterion of CF contents. Third, proceeding the experiment of key cut selection and recording subjects’ opinions about the selection. Finally, analyzing the results and making conclusion. Four main results were concluded: 1.The typical contents of sanitary pad CF in Taiwan were categorized into 6 groups. Such groups are figure demonstration, problem solving, daily life situations, digital animations, special effects, and problems compare etc. 2.The numbers of key cuts were divided into three groups. Such groups are single key cut, plural key cuts, and without key cut. Among them, the style of plural key cuts is the most frequently used. 3.Insignificant difference between consumer and designer key cuts selection was concluded. However, the opinions of the selection are not the same. Besides, within designers, gender difference is not significant. 4.The opinion difference of key cut selection was found out. Consumers attach more importance to physical experience and functions of sanitary pat, while designers pay more attention on the communicating effect of the CF. Key words : Sanitary Pad, Commercial Film (CF), Key Cut, Key Cut Selection, Thinking aloud
41
Liu, Chia-Jung, and 劉家榮. "The Communication Effect of Product Placement and TV Commercial ─ Moderating Effect of Product Involvement and Brand Recognition." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06382786604091938914.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
國際貿易學系
92
TV commercial is an important tool for advertisers to communicate with their target audience for past decades. However, the communication effect of this traditional method decreases as media cost increasing, channels diversification and market fragmentation. Product placement is another innovatory means that caught more attention by advertisers since it combines traditional advertisement and publicity and makes more communication impact. Further, from academic viewpoint, there seems no such examination about its communication effect. This research tried to formulate a general research framework to test the communication effect of Product Placement and TV commercial. For more delicate, two moderating variables, i.e. product involvement and brand recognition were put into framework to examine its moderating effect. Research method is experiment design. A copy of film about cell phone product placement and a copy of a cell phone commercial film. Product placement and TV commercial were viewed by 200 consumers, aged from 18 to 40. Statistics analysis methods include t test, ANOVA and so on. Research hypothesis examination and management implication were proposed according to the finding. The findings are as follows： Firstly, there is no difference between the communication effect of product placement and TV commercial. Second, respondents with higher degree of product involvement, the communication effect of product placement is near the same with TV commercial. However, respondents with lower degree of product involvement, the communication effect of product placement is better than that of TV commercial. Third, respondents with higher degree of brand recognition, the communication effect of both cue is no difference. Further, respondents with lower degree of brand recognition, the communication effect of product placement is better than that of TV commercial.
42
Yeh, Chia-Ling, and 葉佳玲. "An Investigation of Maturity Effect and Day-of-the Week Effect of 30-Day Commercial Paper Futures." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39556724121637315858.
Full textAbstract:
碩士嶺東技術學院
財務金融研究所
93
Under the internationalization of financial environment, the Taiwan Futures Exchange provides for the 30-Day Commercial Paper Futures for traders to hedge and invest on 31st, May, 2004. Most of the discussions focus on the seasonality effect of stock markets, but seldom study about abnormal effect on financial market, and in the money market of the important role playing domestic. This paper takes 30-Day Commercial Paper Futures and financing commercial papers as the research object and discussions on futures and spot market have maturity effect and day-of-the week effect or not.The study adopts EGARCH model to detect the maturity effect and the day-of-the-week effect from September to December in 2004.The data is divided into two parts. One is every fifteen-minute and daily data of reward and volume from Systex Corporation. The other is from Telerate Corporation. This study shows that 30-Day Commercial Paper Futures and financing commercial papers are closer to the expiration day, the volatility of return and volume are larger.On the last 30 minute of maturity day and on the first 30 minute of next morning, the result is the same as Stoll & Whaley. On Mondays, the return and volume on futures and spot are negative and smaller than the other day. On Fridays, the volatility of return and volume are larger. Keyword：30-Day Commercial Paper Futures, EGARCH, Maturity Effect, Day-of-the Week Effect.
43
Lee, Hsin-Yi, and 李信宜. "Effect of Wheat Bran Addition on Nattokinase Activity of Commercial Bacillus Strains." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13068860265326361683.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系碩士在職專班
95
There were 42 strains of Bacillus subtilis var. natto for γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) production isolated from commercial natto foods or dried powder of natto strains to investigate the degrading fibrin activity of nattokinase (NK) in this study. Only19 strains selected from 42 B. natto were able to degrade fibrin. The DYU-28 isolated strain with the high NK activity (about 12.56 FU/mL) was further studied for improving the activity. It was found that the optimum composition of the culture medium for DYU-28 was investigated to be 6.0% glucose, 4.5% wheat bran, 1.5% yeast extract, 0.4% K2HPO4 and 0.2% CaCO3. With this culture medium (initial pH = 6.5), the NK activity of DYU-28 was up to 220 FU/mL after 48 h of flask cultivation at 37℃ and 150 rpm for 48 hr. Furthermore, 5-L fermentor was used to study the optimum scale-up conditions for DYU-28. The highest NK activity was up to 505 FU/mL for DYU-28 with 5% inoculum size under the optimum conditions of temperature at 37℃, pH controlled at 6.5, aeration rate at 3 vvm, and agitation at 300 rpm, after 58 h of fermentation.
44
Huang, Chin-Ching, and 黃金卿. "Floor Effect on Research for Small Area Mixed Residential and Commercial Building." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/826b3y.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
金融系碩士專班
105
This study adopted the model and empirical study constructed with the characteristic price theory as the basis in order to explore the degree of impact the “relative floor” and “absolute floor” of a residential and commercial complex building with small floor areas have on transaction prices. In addition, a floor utility ratio table was set up for comparative analysis, through which the price differences among the floors of residential and commercial complex building with small floor areas were observed. Empirical results show that when considering the “floor” of a of residential and commercial complex building with a small floor areas to buy, for buyers, “the “relative floor” factor outweighs the “absolute floor”; the land area and house unit price show a significantly negative correlation, indicating a small share of land holding but a high price; the fourth floor is no longer the floor with the lowest price, since consumers have woken from the misconception of “The fourth floor is unlucky”. Instead, it is the second floor that has the lowest price among the other floors, as it is the point of building pipeline aggregation and is prone to water blockage or leakage at the end of the line. Furthermore, the view, lighting, and ventilation are not as ideal as higher floors; the first floor is generally considered the floor with the highest price, as it can be used as a store open for business and for commercial activities, which will enhance the house’s economic value, thus house buyers’ higher willingness to pay a higher price.
45
Tsai, Po-Yu, and 蔡柏佑. "Floor Effect on Research for Large Area Mixed Residential and Commercial Building." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9djcpw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
金融系碩士專班
105
The metropolitan population has brought up residential buildings to the mainstream. However, other than personal preferences, what are house buyers’ considerations when choosing the floor of a commercial-residential building with larger floor areas to buy? What is its effective space ratio? What is the total number of floors? Through the characteristic price theory-based model and empirical research, the impact of the absolute floor and relative floor of residential and commercial complex buildings with large floor areas in the four metropolitan cities of Taipei City, New Taipei City, Taichung City, and Kaohsiung City on the final price was explored. In addition, data transaction data was collected to analyze and compare the floor utility ratio in order to observe the price differences among different floors of residential and commercial complex buildings with large floor areas, Empirical results show that when house buyers consider the “floor” of a commercial-residential building with a large floor area, Taipei City and New Taipei City’s “relative floor” factor exceeds the “absolute floor” factor; the prices of the first through the twelfth floor of residential and commercial complex buildings with exceedingly large floor areas are lower than the prices of the first through twelfth floors of residential and commercial complex buildings without exceedingly large floor areas; For Taichung City and Kaohsiung City, the opposite holds true. The “absolute floor” factor exceeds the “relative floor factor”. Another empirical result shows that the fourth floor is not the floor previously considered to be the floor with the lowest price, an indication that house buyers no longer regard this floor as an “unlucky floor”. Instead, it is the second floor that has lowest price, likely because it is where the building pipeline ends and that it is prone to water leakage and blockage problems.
46
Lin, YuHsin, and 林郁馨. "Commercial Bank in Investment Bank Underwritings: Certification Effect or Conflicts of Interest." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60792323251748961872.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
89
This study discusses the reasons for and against banks'' extending securities power, especially underwriting activities. We discuss several reasons alleged by proponents of extending bank powers and explore the empirical literatures that examine the real effect of above reasons. The empirical results show that most of the alleged effects in extending bank powers are not significant. In addition, we discuss the conflicts between commercial banking and investment banking and explore the empirical literatures that examine the conflicts of interest effect in banks'' underwriting activities. This study focuses on the certification effect and conflicts of interest effect in Taiwan''s banks’ underwriting activities. We conduct t-test and OLS regression to examine the certification effect and conflicts of interest effect in bank underwritings comparing to securities firm underwritngs. We find that the certification effect of commercial banks in underwritings is not significant by using t-test. The results of multiple regression show that more underwriters could lead to reduction in returns. There is no significant evidence of the differences in yields between bank underwritings and securities firm underwritings.
47
劉信恩. "A Follow-Up Study of Cartoon TV Commercial Effect of Insurance Company." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87094749446294188039.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
風險管理與保險學系
103
Taiwan Life Insurance Company broadcasted cartoon TV commercial in October, 2004. This advertisement had successful advertising effects. It has been aired decade-long. Now, whether still have advertising effects or not? This study use Taiwan Life Insurance Company cartoon TV commercial as a research subject. We investigated the advertising effects of this cartoon TV commercial after ten years, whether still have advertisement effects by questionnaire survey. Based on the analysis, this cartoon TV commercial still has Significant advertising effect for consumers. No matter age high or low, most of consumers still impressive to this advertisement. But respondents who are the age under fifty years have more impressions for this advertisement than who are the ages over fifty years. The younger the respondents are, the better of the advertising communication effect. In addition, the more A-lung mascots people possess and more like this cartoon TV commercial, the more likely they are to purchase Taiwan Life Insurance. The cartoon TV commercial has broadcasted after ten years, it still can enhance consumers’ positive image on Taiwan Life Insurance Company, and it also had effect on stimulating consumers’ desire to purchasing insurance from Taiwan Life Insurance Company.
48
Hendizadeh, BABAK. "International Commercial Arbitration: The Effect of Culture and Religion on Enforcement of Award." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7489.
Full textAbstract:
Arbitration is one of the oldest legal systems of solving disputes, albeit, it was simple and without any power to enforce the outcome of the tribunal. In modern ages, arbitration has transformed to a more complicated and sophisticated system of solving international commercial disputes.
In recent decades, enforcement of tribunal award benefited from various conventions like New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958). However the enforcement still has few difficulties. One problem is related to the enforcement of the award in different countries. Based on Article V (2(b)) of New York Convention, countries can prohibit enforcement of award if it is against public policy of that country. This broad definition has created many problems especially in some Islamic countries in Middle East due to frequent use of this defense.
Islamic countries in Middle East have tried to implement new arbitration legislations from western countries in order to acclimate themselves with modern International commercial and political relations. However facing biased actions from western countries toward their cultures, have made these adaptations more challenging.
Considering the claim of both parties, one should not forget the strong influence of culture in International relations as it defines many actions and concerns of society. Ignoring this issue can create many problems and hostile atmosphere between nations that even affect International commercial arbitration enforcements.
Knowing the significance of effect of culture, it is essential for many lawyers, scholars and practitioners to study and learn more about culture and norms of other countries. Multi-cultural countries like Canada and commercial hubs like Dubai can facilitate understanding different cultures by creating cultural and legal centers.Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-19 23:29:51.979
49
Huang, Jia-Wei, and 黃嘉薇. "The Effect of Banking Liquidity Factor on BIS Ratio－Evidence Taiwan’s Commercial Bank." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80823914198174601335.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
財務金融學系碩士班
100
Using a sample set of twenty nine commercial banks in Taiwan from March 2001 to December 2010, this study employs the method of panel data regression model to investigate the effect of banking liquidity factors on the bank of international settlement ratio. In this study, the bank capital buffer is adopted to act as dependent variable to explain bank capital adequacy. For explanatory variables, aside from those commonly used in previous studies, we also take liquidity related variables into consideration, namely liquidity reserve ratio and loan to deposit ratio, to investigate the relationship between liquidity factors and bank capital adequacy in Taiwan. The empirical results show that liquidity reserve ratio, adjustment cost and competitor capital have positive impact on bank capital buffer, and help improving bank capital adequacy ratio. On the other hand, the loan to deposit ratio, non-performing loan ratio, business cycle, and bank size negatively affect bank capital buffer, and would deteriorates bank capital adequacy ratio; while monitoring effect does not have any significant relationship with bank capital buffer, as well as bank capital adequacy.
50
Dehnz, Arthur F., and Paul M. Carrick. "What effect has contracting-out for commercial activities had on Naval property administration?" Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22583.
Full text